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Zhao R, Wu R, Jin J, Ning K, Wang Z, Yi X, Kapilevich L, Liu J. Signaling pathways regulated by natural active ingredients in the fight against exercise fatigue-a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269878. [PMID: 38155906 PMCID: PMC10752993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise fatigue is a normal protective mechanism of the body. However, long-term fatigue hinders normal metabolism and exercise capacity. The generation and recovery from exercise fatigue involves alterations in multiple signaling pathways, mainly AMPK, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, PINK1/Parkin, and BDNF/TrkB, as well as MAPK signaling pathways that mediate energy supply, reduction of metabolites, oxidative stress homeostasis, muscle fiber type switching, and central protective effects. In recent studies, a rich variety of natural active ingredients have been identified in traditional Chinese medicines and plant extracts with anti-fatigue effects, opening up the field of research in new anti-fatigue drugs. In this review we give an overview of the signaling pathways associated with the activity of natural food active ingredients against exercise fatigue. Such a comprehensive review is necessary to understand the potential of these materials as preventive measures and treatments of exercise fatigue. We expect the findings highlighted and discussed here will help guide the development of new health products and provide a theoretical and scientific basis for future research on exercise fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyue Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruomeng Wu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Ning
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Nаtionаl Reseаrch Tomsk Stаte University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Wunram HL, Kasparbauer AM, Oberste M, Bender S. [Movement as a Neuromodulator: How Physical Activity Influences the Physiology of Adolescent Depression]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 52:77-93. [PMID: 37851436 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Movement as a Neuromodulator: How Physical Activity Influences the Physiology of Adolescent Depression Abstract: In the context of adolescent depression, physical activity is becoming increasingly recognized for its positive effects on neuropathology. Current scientific findings indicate that physical training affects the biological effects of depression during adolescence. Yet the pathophysiology of adolescent depression is not yet fully understood. Besides psychosocial and genetic influences, various neurobiological factors are being discussed. One explanation model describes a dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) with a sustained elevation in cortisol concentration. Recent studies highlight neuroimmunological processes and a reduced concentration of growth factors as causative factors. These changes appear to lead to a dysregulation of the excitation and inhibition balance of the cerebral cortex as well as to cerebral morphological alterations. Regular physical training can potentially counteract the dysregulation of the HPA axis and normalize cortisol levels. The release of proinflammatory cytokines is inhibited, and the expression of growth factors involved in adult neurogenesis is stimulated. One should ensure the synergistic interaction of biological and psychosocial factors when designing the exercise schedule (endurance or strength training, group or individual sports, frequency, duration, and intensity). Addressing these open questions is essential when integrating physical activity into the guidelines for treating depressive disorders in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Kinderklinik Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Anna-Maria Kasparbauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Max Oberste
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Bender
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
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Ruan Y, Song SJ, Yin ZF, Wang M, Huang N, Gu W, Ling CQ. Comprehensive evaluation of military training-induced fatigue among soldiers in China: A Delphi consensus study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004910. [PMID: 36523578 PMCID: PMC9745162 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Military training-induced fatigue (MIF) often results into non-combat attrition. However, standard evaluation of MIF is unavailable. This study aimed to provide credible suggestions about MIF-evaluation. Methods A 3-round Delphi study was performed. The authority of the experts was assessed by the authority coefficient (Aa). In round 1, categories of indicators were collected via anonymous survey of experts, then potential indicators were selected via literature search. In round 2, experts should evaluate the clinical implication, practical value, and importance of each potential indicators, or recommend new indicators based on feedback of round 1. Indicators with recommendation proportions ≥ 70% and new recommended indicators would be included in round 3 to be rated on a 5-point Likert scale. "Consensus in" was achieved when coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) of a round was between 0.2 and 0.5 and the coefficient of variation (CV) of each aspect for an indicator was < 0.5. If round 3 could not achieve "consensus in," more rounds would be conducted iteratively based on round 3. Indicators included in the recommendation set were ultimately classified into grade I (highly recommended) or grade II (recommended) according to the mean score and CV of the aspects. Results Twenty-three experts participated with credible authority coefficient (mean Aa = 0.733). "Consensus in" was achieved in round 3 (Kendall's W = 0.435, p < 0.001; all CV < 0.5). Round 1 recommended 10 categories with 73 indicators identified from 2,971 articles. After 3-round consultation, consensus was reached on 28 indicators focusing on the cardiovascular system (n = 4), oxygen transport system (n = 5), energy metabolism/metabolite level (n = 6), muscle/tissue damage level (n = 3), neurological function (n = 2), neuropsychological/psychological function (n = 3), endocrine function (n = 3), and exercise capacity (n = 2). Among these, 11 indicators were recommended as grade I: basic heart rate, heart-rate recovery time, heart rate variability, hemoglobin, blood lactic acid, urine protein, creatine kinase, reaction time, Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, testosterone/cortisol, and vertical jump height. Conclusion This study developed a reliable foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of MIF among soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ruan
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang-jin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xingcheng Sanatorium of PLA Strategic Support Force, Xingcheng, China
| | - Zi-fei Yin
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Huang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei Gu ;
| | - Chang-quan Ling
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Chang-quan Ling
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Liu Y, Li C, Shen X, Liu Y. The use of traditional Chinese medicines in relieving exercise-induced fatigue. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969827. [PMID: 35935864 PMCID: PMC9353218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue is a non-pathological fatigue and indicated by a reduction of muscle performance that is caused by excessive physical activity. It seriously affects the daily lives of people, in particular athletes, military personnel, and manual laborers. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to improving the adverse effect of exercise-induced fatigue on people’s daily activities. Thus, studies and applications of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in relieving exercise-induced fatigue have become the focus because of their good curative effects with fewer side effects. This review aims to document and summarize the critical and comprehensive information about the biological processes of exercise-induced fatigue, and to know the types of TCMs, their active components, and possible molecular mechanisms in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue. The peripheral and central mechanisms that cause exercise-induced fatigue have been summarized. A total of 47 exercise-induced fatigue relief TCMs have been collected, mostly including the types of visceral function regulation and emotional adjustment TCMs. Polysaccharides, terpenes, flavonoids/polyphenols are demonstrated to be the major bioactive components. The underlying molecular mechanisms are mainly related to the improvement of energy metabolism, elimination of excess metabolites, inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulation of HPA axis and neurotransmitters. Although current results are obtained mostly from animal models, the clinic trials are still insufficient, and a very few TCMs have been reported to possess potential hepatotoxicity. These findings still offer great reference value, and the significant efficacy in relieving exercise-induced fatigue is impossible to ignore. This review is expected to give insights into the research and development of new TCMs-derived drugs and health care products in relieving exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Liu
- School of Leisure Sports, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Yue Liu,
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Yue Liu,
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Grandys M, Majerczak J, Zapart-Bukowska J, Duda K, Kulpa JK, Zoladz JA. Lowered Serum Testosterone Concentration Is Associated With Enhanced Inflammation and Worsened Lipid Profile in Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735638. [PMID: 34566895 PMCID: PMC8459752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative relationship between testosterone and inflammatory cytokines has been reported for decades, although the exact mechanisms of their interactions are still not clear. At the same time, little is known about the relation between androgens and acute phase proteins. Therefore, in this investigation, we aimed to study the relationship between androgen status and inflammatory acute phase reactants in a group of men using multi-linear regression analysis. Venous blood samples were taken from 149 men ranging in age from 18 to 77 years. Gonadal androgens [testosterone (T) and free testosterone (fT)], acute phase reactants [C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin (FER), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], cortisol (C), and lipid profile concentrations were determined. It was demonstrated that the markers of T and fT were negatively correlated with all acute phase proteins (CRP, FER, and AAG; p < 0.02) and the blood lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG); p < 0.03]. Multivariate analysis showed that T, fT, and the fT/C ratio were inversely correlated with the CRP, AAG, and FER concentrations independently of age and blood lipids. When adjustment for BMI was made, T, fT, and the fT/C ratio were negatively correlated with the AAG concentrations only. In addition, it was demonstrated that gonadal androgens were positively correlated with physical activity level (p < 0.01). We have concluded that a lowered serum T concentration may promote inflammatory processes independently of adipose tissue and age through a reduced inhibition of inflammatory cytokine synthesis, which leads to enhanced acute phase protein production. Therefore, a low serum T concentration appears to be an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the positive correlation between testosterone and physical activity level suggests that exercise training attenuates the age-related decrease in gonadal androgens and, in this way, may reduce the enhancement of systemic low-grade inflammation in aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grandys
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marcin Grandys, ; Jerzy A. Zoladz,
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Zapart-Bukowska
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Duda
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, The State Higher School of Vocational Education, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Jan K. Kulpa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marcin Grandys, ; Jerzy A. Zoladz,
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Melnikov VN. A quantitative method for estimating the adaptedness in a physiological study. Theor Biol Med Model 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 31477131 PMCID: PMC6721256 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-019-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existed mathematical models of individual adaptation are mostly reductionist by nature. Researchers usually a priori consider the subject adapted basing only on the fact of continued or prolonged influence of the harmful factor. This paper describes a method that allows assessing the physiological adaptedness to experimental challenges on the basis of holistic approach and quantitative criteria. Methods The suggested method comprises simple equations and incorporates into the model an indicator that differentiates functions in regard to their significance for determining physiological adaptedness considered as an outcome of the adaptive process. Results The proposed empirical model affords the possibility of comparing subjects in respect to their resistance to several loads. Physiological parameters were differentiated with regard to their significance for assessing adaptedness. Two examples of animal adaptation to exercise after physical training and plant adaptogen administration are considered. Conclusion The calculated index of adaptedness is useful in that it replaces wordy descriptions of large tables that reveal alterations in numerous parameters of many subjects under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Melnikov
- Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, P.O. Box 237, 4, Timakov Str, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.
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