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Wen X, Peng Y, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Yu F, Geng L, Zhou T, Wang X, Feng L, Meng Q. Aortic smooth muscle TRPV4 channels regulate vasoconstriction in high salt-induced hypertension. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2356-2367. [PMID: 37532951 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the contribution of vascular endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels to hypertension. However, in hypertension, TRPV4 channels in vascular smooth muscle remain unexplored. In the present study, we performed wire myograph experiments in isolated aortas from endothelial cell specific TRPV4 channel knockout (TRPV4EC-/-) mice to demonstrate that GSK1016790A (a specific TRPV4 channel agonist) triggered aortic smooth muscle-dependent contractions from mice on a normal-salt diet, and the contractions were enhanced in high-salt diet (HSD) mice. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and Ca2+ imaging assays showed that TRPV4-induced [Ca2+]i was significantly higher in aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) from HSD-induced hypertensive mice, and application of an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor markedly attenuated TRPV4-induced [Ca2+]i. IP3R2 expression was enhanced in ASMCs from HSD-induced hypertensive mice and the contractile response induced by TRPV4 was inhibited by the IP3R inhibitor. Whole-transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq and western blot assays revealed the involvement of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in TRPV4-IRF7-IP3R2 signaling in HSD-induced hypertension. These results suggested that TRPV4 channels regulate smooth muscle-dependent contractions in high salt-induced hypertension, and this contraction involves increased [Ca2+]i, IP3R2, and IRF7 activity. Our study revealed a considerable effect of TRPV4 channels in smooth muscle-dependent contraction in mice during high-salt induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yidi Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yuefeng Peng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Li Geng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Qingyou Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Clinical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Yu Y, Wu XQ, Su FF, Yue CF, Zhou XM, Xu C. Maximakinin reduced intracellular Ca 2+ level in vascular smooth muscle cells through AMPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1949-1960. [PMID: 37258626 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We detect the antihypertensive effects of maximakinin (MK) on renal hypertensive rats (RHRs) and further research the influence of MK on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to explore its hypotensive mechanism. The effects of MK on arterial blood pressure were observed in RHRs. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays were performed to detect the effect of MK on VSMC viability. Western blot and flow cytometry were used to investigate the influence of MK on intracellular Ca2+ levels and protein expression changes in VSMCs. In addition, specific protein inhibitors were applied to confirm the involvement of Ca2+-related signaling pathways induced by MK in VSMCs. MK showed a more significant antihypertensive effect than bradykinin in RHRs. MK significantly decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, MK significantly induced the phosphorylation of signaling molecules, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), P38, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt in VSMCs. Moreover, only ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and AMPK inhibitor Compound C completely restored the decreased intracellular Ca2+ level induced by MK, and further research demonstrated that AMPK functioned upstream of ERK1/2 following exposure to MK. Finally, HOE-140, an inhibitor of the bradykinin B2 receptors (B2Rs), was applied to investigate the potential targets of MK in VSMCs. HOE-140 significantly blocked the AMPK/ERK1/2 pathway induced by MK, suggesting that the B2Rs might play an important role in MK-induced AMPK and ERK1/2 activation. MK significantly reduces blood pressure in RHRs. MK exerts its antihypertensive effect by activating the B2Rs and downstream AMPK/ERK1/2 pathways, leading to significantly reduced Ca2+ levels in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Life Science and Biology Pharmacy College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xue-Qian Wu
- Life Science and Biology Pharmacy College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Fan-Fan Su
- Life Science and Biology Pharmacy College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Cai-Feng Yue
- Life Science and Biology Pharmacy College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Mian Zhou
- Life Science and Biology Pharmacy College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Life Science and Biology Pharmacy College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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Emodin activates BK channel in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the interlobar renal artery of rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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De Moudt S, Hendrickx JO, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Fransen P. Disparate biomechanical properties of the aorta in non-aneurysmal and aneurysmal mice treated with angiotensin II. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15410. [PMID: 36117398 PMCID: PMC9483617 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo angiotensin II (AngII)-treatment is a widely used experimental model to induce cardiovascular disease and results in a high likelihood of abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) formation. This involves progressive and irreversible focal dilation of the abdominal aorta and induces adverse aortic connective tissue remodeling contributing to aortic wall stiffening through inflammation, elastin degradation, and collagen restructuring. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate how AAA formation in AngII-treated mice affects aortic function and biomechanics. To this end, C57Bl/6J mice were treated with AngII (1000 ng/[kg.min]) or PBS infusion for 28 days. Peripheral blood pressure, echocardiography, and aortic pulse wave velocity were measured in vivo. Thoracic aorta rings were studied ex vivo in organ chambers, while aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype was investigated histologically. We confirmed peripheral hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, aortic stiffening, and increased VSMC proliferation and migration after AngII-treatment. Abdominal aorta aneurysm formation was observed in 8/13 AngII-treated mice. Ex vivo thoracic aortic rings of both aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal AngII-treated mice showed high isobaric aortic stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, heightened α1 -adrenergic contractility, and altered VSMC contractile calcium signaling. However, aortic biomechanics were differently affected, with heightened α1 -adrenoreceptor mediated aortic stiffening in non-aneurysmal mice, whereas contraction-dependent stiffening was impaired in aneurysmal mice. In conclusion, although aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal 4-week AngII-treated mice displayed similar changes in aortic physiology, aortic biomechanics were dissimilarly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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De Moudt S, Hendrickx JO, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Fransen P. Basal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Tone in eNOS Knockout Mice Can Be Reversed by Cyclic Stretch and Is Independent of Age. Front Physiol 2022; 13:882527. [PMID: 35574444 PMCID: PMC9096105 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice develop pronounced cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we describe the alterations in aortic physiology and biomechanics of eNOS knockout and C57Bl/6 control mice at 2–12 months of age, including a thorough physiological investigation of age and cyclic stretch-dependent VSMC contractility and aortic stiffness. Methods and Results: Peripheral blood pressure and aortic pulse wave velocity were measured in vivo, and aortic biomechanical studies and isometric contractions were investigated ex vivo. Age-dependent progression of aortic stiffness, peripheral hypertension, and aortic contractility in eNOS knockout mice was absent, attenuated, or similar to C57Bl/6 control mice. Voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC)-dependent calcium influx inversely affected isometric contraction and aortic stiffening by α1-adrenergic stimulation in eNOS knockout mice. Baseline aortic stiffness was selectively reduced in eNOS knockout mice after ex vivo cyclic stretch exposure in an amplitude-dependent manner, which prompted us to investigate cyclic stretch dependent regulation of aortic contractility and stiffness. Aortic stiffness, both in baseline conditions and after activation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contraction, was reduced with increasing cyclic stretch amplitude. This cyclic stretch dependency was attenuated with age, although aged eNOS knockout mice displayed better preservation of cyclic stretch-dependency compared to C57Bl/6 control mice. Store operated calcium entry-medicated aortic stiffening as induced by inhibiting sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pumps with 10 µM CPA was most pronounced in the aorta of aged mice and at low cyclic stretch amplitude, but independent of eNOS. Basal aortic tonus and VSMC depolarization were highly dependent on eNOS, and were most pronounced at low cyclic stretch, with attenuation at increasing cyclic stretch amplitude. Conclusion: eNOS knockout mice display attenuated progression of arterial disease as compared to C57Bl/6 control mice. Basal VSMC tone in eNOS knockout mice could be reduced by ex vivo exposure to cyclic stretch through stretch-dependent regulation of cytosolic calcium. Both baseline and active aortic stiffness were highly dependent on cyclic stretch regulation, which was more pronounced in young versus aged mice. Other mediators of VSMC contraction and calcium handling were dependent on cyclic stretch mechanotransduction, but independent of eNOS.
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Maj C, Salvi E, Citterio L, Borisov O, Simonini M, Glorioso V, Barlassina C, Glorioso N, Thijs L, Kuznetsova T, Cappuccio FP, Zhang ZY, Staessen JA, Cusi D, Lanzani C, Manunta P. Dissecting the Polygenic Basis of Primary Hypertension: Identification of Key Pathway-Specific Components. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:814502. [PMID: 35252394 PMCID: PMC8888857 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.814502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives Genome-wide association studies have identified a high number of genetic loci associated with hypertension suggesting the presence of an underlying polygenic architecture. In this study, we aimed to dissect the polygenic component of primary hypertension searching also for pathway-specific components. Methods The polygenic risk score (PRS) models, based on the UK biobank genetic signals for hypertension status, were obtained on a target Italian case/control cohort including 561 cases and 731 hyper-normal controls from HYPERGENES, and were then applied to an independent validation cohort composed by multi-countries European-based samples including 1,284 cases and 960 hyper-normal controls. Results The resulting genome-wide PRS was capable of stratifying the individuals for hypertension risk by comparing between individuals in the last PRS decile and the median decile: we observed an odds ratio (OR) of 3.62, CI = [2.01, 6.32] (P = 9.01E-07) and 3.22, 95% CI = [2.06, 5.10] (P = 6.47E-08) in the target and validation cohorts, respectively. The relatively high case/control ORs across PRS quantiles corroborates the presence of strong polygenic components which could be driven by an enrichment of risk alleles within the cases but also by potential enrichment of protective alleles in the old normotensive controls. Moreover, novel pathway-specific PRS revealed an enrichment of the polygenic signal attributable to specific biological pathways. Among those the most significantly associated with hypertension status was the calcium signaling pathway together with other mainly related such as the phosphatidylinositol/inositol phosphate pathways. Conclusions The development of pathway-specific PRS could prioritize biological mechanisms, according to their contribution to the genetic susceptibility, whose regulations might be a potential pharmacological preventive target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maj
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Carlo Maj
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Citterio
- Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Simonini
- Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Glorioso
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Glorioso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hypertension and Related Diseases Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco P. Cappuccio
- Warwick Medical School, and UHCW NHS Trust, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Research Institute Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine (APPREMED), Mechelen, Belgium
- Biomedical Science Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies Milano National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Milano, Italy
- Bio4Dreams Scientific Unit, Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzani
- Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Kawarazaki W, Fujita T. Role of Rho in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062958. [PMID: 33803946 PMCID: PMC8001214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high amount of salt in the diet increases blood pressure (BP) and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension in individuals with impaired renal sodium excretion. Small guanosine triphosphatase (GTP)ase Rho and Rac, activated by salt intake, play important roles in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension as key switches of intracellular signaling. Focusing on Rho, high salt intake in the central nervous system increases sodium concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid in salt-sensitive subjects via Rho/Rho kinase and renin-angiotensin system activation and causes increased brain salt sensitivity and sympathetic nerve outflow in BP control centers. In vascular smooth muscle cells, Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors and Rho determine sensitivity to vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II (Ang II), and facilitate vasoconstriction via G-protein and Wnt pathways, leading to increased vascular resistance, including in the renal arteries, in salt-sensitive subjects with high salt intake. In the vascular endothelium, Rho/Rho kinase inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and function, and high salt amounts further augment Rho activity via asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthetase, causing aberrant relaxation and increased vascular tone. Rho-associated mechanisms are deeply involved in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, and their further elucidation can help in developing effective protection and new therapies.
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Single cell transcriptomic analysis identifies novel vascular smooth muscle subsets under high hydrostatic pressure. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1677-1690. [PMID: 33486587 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although some co-risk factors and hemodynamic alterations are involved in hypertension progression, their direct biomechanical effects are unclear. Here, we constructed a high-hydrostatic-pressure cell-culture system to imitate constant hypertension and identified novel molecular classifications of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) by single-cell transcriptome analysis. Under 100-mmHg (analogous to healthy human blood pressure) or 200-mmHg (analogous to hypertension) hydrostatic pressure for 48 h, HASMCs showed six distinct vascular SMC (VSMC) clusters according to differential gene expression and gene ontology enrichment analysis. Especially, two novel HASMC subsets were identified, named the inflammatory subset, with CXCL2, CXCL3 and CCL2 as markers, and the endothelial-function inhibitory subset, with AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SERPINF1 as markers. The inflammatory subset promoted CXCL2&3 and CCL2 chemokine expression and secretion, triggering monocyte migration; the endothelial-function inhibitory subset secreted SERPINF1 and accelerated prostaglandin F2α generation to inhibit angiogenesis. The expression of the two VSMC subsets was greatly increased in arterial media from patients with hypertension and experimental animal models of hypertension. Collectively, we identified high hydrostatic pressure directly driving VSMCs into two new subsets, promoting or exacerbating endothelial dysfunction, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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De Munck DG, Leloup AJA, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Fransen P. Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells increases passive stiffness of the mouse aortic vessel wall. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1031-1040. [PMID: 32488322 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging and associated progressive arterial stiffening are both important predictors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence showed that autophagy, a catabolic cellular mechanism responsible for nutrient recycling, plays a major role in the physiology of vascular cells such as endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Moreover, several autophagy inducing compounds are effective in treating arterial stiffness. Yet, a direct link between VSMC autophagy and arterial stiffness remains largely unidentified. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a VSMC-specific deletion of the essential autophagy-related gene Atg7 in young mice (3.5 months) (Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice) on the biomechanical properties of the aorta, using an in-house developed Rodent Oscillatory Tension Set-up to study Arterial Compliance (ROTSAC). Aortic segments of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice displayed attenuated compliance and higher arterial stiffness, which was more evident at higher distention pressures. Passive aortic wall remodeling, rather than differences in VSMC tone, is responsible for these phenomena, since differences in compliance and stiffness between Atg7+/+ SM22α-Cre+ and Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ aortas were more pronounced when VSMCs were completely relaxed by the addition of exogenous nitric oxide. These observations are supported by histological data showing a 13% increase in medial wall thickness and a 14% decrease in elastin along with elevated elastin fragmentation. In addition, expression of the calcium-binding protein S100A4, which is linked to matrix remodeling, was elevated in aortic segments of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice. Overall, these findings illustrate that autophagy exerts a crucial role in defining arterial wall compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien G De Munck
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arthur J A Leloup
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Zhang B, Chen L, Bai YG, Song JB, Cheng JH, Ma HZ, Ma J, Xie MJ. miR-137 and its target T-type Ca V 3.1 channel modulate dedifferentiation and proliferation of cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells in simulated microgravity rats by regulating calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12774. [PMID: 32034930 PMCID: PMC7106958 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Postflight orthostatic intolerance has been regarded as a major adverse effect after microgravity exposure, in which cerebrovascular adaptation plays a critical role. Our previous finding suggested that dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) might be one of the key contributors to cerebrovascular adaptation under simulated microgravity. This study was aimed to confirm this concept and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 28‐day hindlimb‐unloading to simulate microgravity exposure. VSMC dedifferentiation was evaluated by ultrastructural analysis and contractile/synthetic maker detection. The role of T‐type CaV3.1 channel was revealed by assessing its blocking effects. MiR‐137 was identified as the upstream of CaV3.1 channel by luciferase assay and investigated by gain/loss‐of‐function approaches. Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) pathway, the downstream of CaV3.1 channel, was investigated by detecting calcineurin activity and NFAT nuclear translocation. Results Simulated microgravity induced the dedifferentiation and proliferation in rat cerebral VSMCs. T‐type CaV3.1 channel promoted the dedifferentiation and proliferation of VSMC. MiR‐137 and calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway were the upstream and downstream signalling of T‐type CaV3.1 channel in modulating the dedifferentiation and proliferation of VSMCs, respectively. Conclusions The present work demonstrated that miR‐137 and its target T‐type CaV3.1 channel modulate the dedifferentiation and proliferation of rat cerebral VSMCs under simulated microgravity by regulating calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Gang Bai
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji-Bo Song
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiu-Hua Cheng
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Zhe Ma
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Man-Jiang Xie
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Nishida M, Tanaka T, Mangmool S, Nishiyama K, Nishimura A. Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:124-139. [PMID: 32821726 PMCID: PMC7379077 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the stability and tonic regulation of vascular homeostasis. VSMCs can switch back and forth between highly proliferative (synthetic) and fully differentiated (contractile) phenotypes in response to changes in the vessel environment. Abnormal phenotypic switching of VSMCs is a distinctive characteristic of vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, and peripheral artery disease; however, how the control of VSMC phenotypic switching is dysregulated under pathological conditions remains obscure. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels have attracted attention as a key regulator of pathological phenotype switching in VSMCs. Several TRPC subfamily member proteins—especially TRPC1 and TRPC6—are upregulated in pathological VSMCs, and pharmacological inhibition of TRPC channel activity has been reported to improve hypertensive vascular remodeling in rodents. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of TRPC channels in cardiovascular plasticity, including our recent finding that TRPC6 participates in aberrant VSMC phenotype switching under ischemic conditions, and discusses the therapeutic potential of TRPC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), NINS, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), NINS, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Wang N, He D, Zhou Y, Wen J, Liu X, Li P, Yang Y, Cheng J. Hydroxysafflor yellow A actives BK Ca channels and inhibits L-type Ca channels to induce vascular relaxation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172873. [PMID: 31866408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA) can exert a variety of effects upon the vascular system. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study is to investigate its vasodilating effect and the mechanisms. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were enrolled for studying effects of HSYA on blood pressure, vasodilation, intracellular Ca2+ transient and membrane ion channels. Vasodilation and intracellular Ca2+ transient were measured by using vasomotor assay and fluorescence imaging system, respectively. The effect of HSYA on the large conductance Ca2+ activated and voltage-gated potassium channel (BKCa channel) currents in rat mesentery artery and on L-type calcium channel (Ca-L) currents in HEK293cells expressed with Ca-L were investigated using patch clamp techniques. Blood pressure of SHR and WKY rats were concentration dependently reduced by HSYA with a larger effect of HSYA in SHR than that in WKY rats. The tension of mesenteric arteries induced by 3 μM phenylephrine was attenuated by HSYA (IC50 = 90.8 μΜ). Patch clamp study showed that HSYA could activate BKCa channels and suppress Ca-L channels in a concentration dependent manner. The results of calcium signaling assays indicated that HSYA could reduce the intracellular free Ca2+ level. These findings demonstrate that HSYA could activate BKCa channels and inhibit Ca-L channels and reduce intracellular free Ca2+ level, which are probably important for its vasodilatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Campos-Bedolla P, De-La-Cruz-Negrete R, Vargas MH, Torrejón-González E, Mejía-Mendoza D, Islas-Hernández A, Segura-Medina P, Córdoba-Rodríguez G, Orozco-Suárez S, Arreola-Ramírez JL. Allergic sensitization increases contractile responses to 5-HT in guinea pig aorta. Physiol Res 2019; 69:191-197. [PMID: 31852196 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that asthma is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but its mechanism is uncertain. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a mediator involved in asthma and in cardiovascular functioning. Thus, in the present study, we explored whether allergic sensitization in guinea pigs modifies 5-HT-induced contractile responses and 5-HT2A receptor expression in thoracic aorta rings. We found that sensitization produced a significant increase of 100 microM 5-HT-induced contractions of aorta rings (~27 % greater contraction than in non-sensitized animals, p<0.05). Preincubation with 10 nM ketanserin (a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) reduced by ~30 % (p=0.003) and ~36 % (p=0.005) the area under the curve of 5-HT-induced contractions in aortas from non-sensitized and sensitized animals, respectively. There were no differences between sensitized and non-sensitized animals with respect to mRNA (qPCR) and protein (Western blot) expression of 5-HT2A receptor in thoracic aortas. We concluded that in this guinea pig model of asthma, allergic sensitization is not confined to airways, but also affects arterial contractile responses to 5-HT; changes in the expression of the 5-HT2A receptor appear not to be involved in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campos-Bedolla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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14
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Yarotskyy V, Malysz J, Petkov GV. Extracellular pH and intracellular phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate control Cl - currents in guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1268-C1277. [PMID: 31577513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00189.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cl- channels serve as key regulators of excitability and contractility in vascular, intestinal, and airway smooth muscle cells. We recently reported a Cl- conductance in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) cells. Here, we used the whole cell patch-clamp technique to further characterize biophysical properties and physiological regulators of the Cl- current in freshly isolated guinea pig DSM cells. The Cl- current demonstrated outward rectification arising from voltage-dependent gating of Cl- channels rather than the Cl- transmembrane gradient. An exposure of DSM cells to hypotonic extracellular solution (Δ 165 mOsm challenge) did not increase the Cl- current providing strong evidence that volume-regulated anion channels do not contribute to the Cl- current in DSM cells. The Cl- current was monotonically dependent on extracellular pH, larger and lower in magnitude at acidic (5.0) and basic pH (8.5) values, respectively. Additionally, intracellularly applied phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] analog [PI(4,5)P2-diC8] increased the average Cl- current density by approximately threefold in a voltage-independent manner. The magnitude of the DSM whole cell Cl- current did not depend on the cell surface area (cell capacitance) regardless of the presence or absence of PI(4,5)P2-diC8, an intriguing finding that underscores the complex nature of Cl- channel expression and function in DSM cells. Removal of both extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ did not affect the DSM whole cell Cl- current, whereas Gd3+ (1 mM) potentiated the current. Collectively, our recent and present findings strongly suggest that Cl- channels are critical regulators of DSM excitability and are regulated by extracellular pH, Gd3+, and PI(4,5)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Yarotskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Malysz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Georgi V Petkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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15
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Touyz RM, Alves-Lopes R, Rios FJ, Camargo LL, Anagnostopoulou A, Arner A, Montezano AC. Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:529-539. [PMID: 29394331 PMCID: PMC5852517 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca2+]i not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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16
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Huang H, Sun Z, Hill MA, Meininger GA. A Calcium Mediated Mechanism Coordinating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Adhesion During KCl Activation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1810. [PMID: 30618822 PMCID: PMC6305448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is intimately coupled to physical coupling of the cell to extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) by integrins. Integrin adhesion receptors are essential for normal vascular function and defective integrin signaling is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, less is known about the mechanism of integrin activation in VSMCs in relation to vasoregulation. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II increases VSMC stiffness in concert with enhanced adhesion to fibronectin (FN), indicating an important role for adhesion in contraction. However, the mechanism of this coordination remains to be clarified. In this study, intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was hypothesized to link integrin activation through inside-out signaling pathways leading to enhanced adhesion in response to AII. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with an anti-α5 antibody coated AFM probe, we confirmed that cell stiffness was increased by AII, while we observed no change in adhesion to an α5 integrin antibody. This indicated that increases in cell adhesion to FN induced by AII were occurring through an integrin activation process, as increased membrane integrin expression/receptor density would have been accompanied by increased adhesion to the anti-α5 antibody. Further studies were performed using either KCl or BAPTA-AM to modulate the level of [Ca2+]i. After KCl, VSMCs showed a rapid transient increase in cell stiffness as well as cell adhesion to FN, and these two events were synchronized with superimposed transient increases in the level of [Ca2+]i, which was measured using the Ca2+ indicator, fluo-4. These relationships were unaffected in VSMCs pretreated with the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, ML-7. In contrast, unstimulated VSMCs incubated with an intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, showed reduced cell adhesion to FN as well the expected decrease in [Ca2+]i. These data suggest that in VSMCs, integrin activation is linked to signaling events tied to levels of [Ca2+]i while being less dependent on events at the level of contractile protein activation. These findings provide additional evidence to support a role for adhesion in VSMC contraction and suggest that following cell contractile activation, that adhesion may be regulated in tandem with the contractile event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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17
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Han S, Bal NB, Sadi G, Usanmaz SE, Uludag MO, Demirel-Yilmaz E. The effects of LXR agonist GW3965 on vascular reactivity and inflammation in hypertensive rat aorta. Life Sci 2018; 213:287-293. [PMID: 30366037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Liver X receptors (LXRs) play an important role in the regulation of cholesterol, fatty acid and glucose metabolisms together with inflammatory processes. In the present study, the effects of LXR agonist GW3965 on vascular reactivity and expression of functional proteins in DOCA-Salt induced hypertension were examined. MAIN METHODS Hypertension was induced through unilateral nephrectomy and deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) injection (20 mg/kg, twice a week) for 6 weeks in male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old). An LXR agonist GW3965 (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered to animals for last seven days. KEY FINDINGS GW3965 treatment reduced systolic blood pressures in hypertensive rats. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent and sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxations were decreased in hypertensive rats but not affected by GW3965. GW3965 treatment enhanced plasma nitrite levels in normotensive rats. KCl and phenylephrine (Phe)-induced vasocontractions were reduced in hypertensive groups and increased with GW3965 treatment. Decreased sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) expression in the hypertensive aorta was not changed by GW3965 treatment. Expression of inositoltrisphosphate receptor1 (IP3R1) was increased by GW3965 in normotensive animals. The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expressions were increased in hypertensive rats and reduced by GW3965 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE The results of study indicate that the LXR agonist, GW3965, exhibited a beneficial effect on increased blood pressure and improved hypertension-induced impairment in contractile activity of vessel and inflammatory markers in vascular tissue. Therefore, these effects of LXR agonists on vessel should be taken into account in experimental or therapeutic approaches to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Han
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nur Banu Bal
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sadi
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, K.Ö. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Suzan Emel Usanmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Bradley E, Large RJ, Bihun VV, Mullins ND, Hollywood MA, Sergeant GP, Thornbury KD. Inhibitory effects of openers of large-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels on agonist-induced phasic contractions in rabbit and mouse bronchial smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C818-C829. [PMID: 30257105 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00068.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle expresses abundant BKCa channels, but their role in regulating contractions remains controversial. This study examines the effects of two potent BKCa channel openers on agonist-induced phasic contractions in rabbit and mouse bronchi. First, we demonstrated the ability of 10 μM GoSlo-SR5-130 to activate BKCa channels in inside-out patches from rabbit bronchial myocytes, where it shifted the activation V1/2 by -88 ± 11 mV (100 nM Ca2+, n = 7). In mouse airway smooth muscle cells, GoSlo-SR5-130 dose dependently shifted V1/2 by 12-83 mV over a concentration range of 1-30 μM. Compound X, a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, reported to be potent BKCa channel openers, shifted V1/2 by 20-79 mV over a concentration range of 0.3-3 μM. In rabbit bronchial rings, exposure to histamine (1 μM) induced phasic contractions after a delay of ~35 min. These were abolished by GoSlo-SR5-130 (30 μM). Nifedipine (100 nM) and CaCCinhA01 (10 μM), a TMEM16A blocker, also abolished histamine-induced phasic contractions. In mouse bronchi, similar phasic contractions were evoked by exposure to U46619 (100 nM) and carbachol (100 nM). In each case, these were inhibited by concentrations of GoSlo-SR5-130 and compound X that shifted the activation V1/2 of BKCa channels in the order of -80 mV. In conclusion, membrane potential-dependent regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels appears to be important for histamine-, U46619-, and carbachol-induced phasic contractions in airway smooth muscle. Contractions can be abolished by BKCa channel openers, suggesting that these channels are potential targets for treating some causes of airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Bradley
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dundalk , Ireland
| | - Roddy J Large
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dundalk , Ireland
| | | | - Nicolas D Mullins
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dundalk , Ireland
| | - Mark A Hollywood
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dundalk , Ireland
| | - Gerard P Sergeant
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dundalk , Ireland
| | - Keith D Thornbury
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dundalk , Ireland
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Liu X, Tan H, Liu X, Wu Q. Correlation between the expression of Drp1 in vascular endothelial cells and inflammatory factors in hypertension rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3892-3898. [PMID: 29563985 PMCID: PMC5858055 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in vascular endothelium of hypertension rats and its correlation with expression of inflammatory factors. Twenty spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into SHR group (n=10) and inhibition group (MD group, n=10), and the Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled as the control group (C group, n=10). For rats in the MD group, Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial division inhibitor, was given in dosage of 25 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of administration, blood pressure was measured via tail-artery blood pressure measurement. The blood samples collected from the abdominal aorta of rats were used to assay the C-reaction protein (CRP) concentration in serum through radioimmunoassay. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed for sections of thoracic aorta for morphological observation and measurement of medial thickness. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting was carried out for detecting the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Drp1 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). After 4 weeks of drug administration, the blood pressure in the MD group was significantly higher (P<0.01). The medial thickness of the thoracic aorta in the MD group was significantly decreased in comparison with the SHR group (P<0.01). The results of ELISA showed that compared with the SHR group, the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the MD group were remarkably decreased (P<0.01). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of Drp1 and MCP-1 in the MD group were significantly lower than those in the SHR group (P<0.05). In the SHR rats, after administration of Mdivi-1, the expression of Drp1 is decreased, which contributes to the alleviation in inflammatory reactions and protects the vessels in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is among the major components of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance. It represents a significant health problem with foremost risks for chronic cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is not surprising that this disorder constitutes a serious public health concern. Although multiple studies have stressed the multifactorial nature of HT, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. However, if we want to reduce the global prevalence of HT, restrain the number of deaths (currently 9.4 million/year in the world), and alleviate the socio-economic burden, a deeper insight into the mechanisms is urgently needed in order to define new meaningful therapeutic targets. Recently, the role of epigenetics in the development of various complex diseases has attracted much attention. In the present review, we provide a critical update on the available literature and ongoing research regarding the epigenetic modifications of genes involved in several pathways of elevated blood pressure, especially those linked to the vascular epithelium. This review also focuses on the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of gene expression associated with HT and of fetal programming mediating susceptibility to HT in adulthood.
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Smolyaninova LV, Koltsova SV, Sidorenko SV, Orlov SN. Augmented gene expression triggered by Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibition: Role of Ca 2+ i -mediated and −independent excitation-transcription coupling. Cell Calcium 2017; 68:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Vokurková M, Rauchová H, Dobešová Z, Loukotová J, Nováková O, Kuneš J, Zicha J. The influence of erythrocyte maturity on ion transport and membrane lipid composition in the rat. Physiol Res 2016; 65:91-9. [PMID: 26988297 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant relationships between ion transport and membrane lipid composition (cholesterol, total phospholipids and sphingomyelins) were found in erythrocytes of salt hypertensive Dahl rats. In these animals mean cellular hemoglobin content correlated negatively with Na(+)-K(+) pump activity and Na(+) leak but positively with Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity. Immature erythrocytes exhibit lower mean cellular hemoglobin content (MCHC) than mature ones. The aim of the present study was to find a relationship between erythrocyte maturity, membrane lipid composition and ion transport activity in Wistar rats aged three months which were subjected to repeated hemorrhage (blood loss 2 ml/day for 6 days) to enrich circulating erythrocytes with immature forms. Immature and mature erythrocyte fractions in control and hemorrhaged rats were separated by repeated centrifugation. Hemorrhaged rats had increased number of reticulocytes but reduced hematocrit and MCHC compared to control rats. Immature erythrocytes of hemorrhaged rats differed from mature ones of control animals by elevated Na(+)-K(+) pump activity, reduced Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity and increased Rb(+) leak. These ion transport changes in immature erythrocytes were accompanied by higher concentration of total phospholipids in their cell membranes. Membrane phospholipid content correlated positively with Na(+)-K(+) pump activity and cation leaks but negatively with Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity. Moreover, they were also negatively related with MCHC which correlated negatively with Na(+)-K(+) pump activity and Rb(+) leak but positively with Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity. Thus certain abnormalities of erythrocyte ion transport and membrane lipid composition detected in hypertensive animals might be caused by higher incidence of immature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vokurková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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