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Ozalp O, Uzcan F, Gumus ZP, Soylak M. Sample Preparation Methods for Metal Containing Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:1109-1120. [PMID: 35913805 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal-containing pesticides are used in many areas for purposes such as harvest efficiency and keeping pests away from the vegetable environment. Metal-containing pesticides are in the form of dithiocarbamate complexes and are named differently according to the type of metal they contain and are used for different purposes. Since the presence of these pesticides even at residue level threatens human and environmental health, their determination at trace level is important. In this review, studies on the determination of metal-containing dithiocarbamate pesticides in different matrices are discussed. This review on the analysis of dithiocarbamate pesticides with different techniques will shed light on the studies to be carried out for the determination of these pesticides one by one in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Ozalp
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Furkan Uzcan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Z Pinar Gumus
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL), Ege University, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
- Technology Research and Application Center (ERU-TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Ankara, Turkiye
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2
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Campanale C, Triozzi M, Ragonese A, Losacco D, Massarelli C. Dithiocarbamates: Properties, Methodological Approaches and Challenges to Their Control. TOXICS 2023; 11:851. [PMID: 37888701 PMCID: PMC10610574 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are a group of chemicals used primarily as fungicides, although they are exploited for various other applications. DTCs represent one of the oldest classes of broad-spectrum fungicides employed worldwide to control fungal diseases on many crops. Due to their ease of synthesis, low production costs (cheap and readily available starting materials) and a fungicidal activity with a multi-site mode of action, they are still among modern agriculture's most extensively used pesticides. Although the environmental degradation in air, water, and soil is relatively rapid due to photolysis and/or hydrolysis, they are among the most frequently detected pesticides in the European Union (EU), also with a high frequency of maximum residue level (MRL) exceedances. The current review aims to comprehensively survey all aspects of DTCs, including the environmental fate, toxicity and analytical methods for determining parental compounds and degradation products in environmental and food samples. Furthermore, the accumulation of carbamate and dithiocarbamate pesticides in vegetables, fruits, bioindicator organisms and human biological samples, as well as their health effects on humans, are also considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Campanale
- CNR-IRSA, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, V.le F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Triozzi
- CNR-IRSA, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, V.le F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ragonese
- CNR-IRSA, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, V.le F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Losacco
- CNR-IRSA, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, V.le F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Massarelli
- CNR-IRSA, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, V.le F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
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3
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Veiga-Del-Baño JM, Martínez-López S, Pérez-Lucas G, Cuenca-Martínez JJ, Andreo-Martínez P. Trends in dithiocarbamates food research: A bibliometric vision. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137342. [PMID: 36435325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamate Fungicides (DTFs) are widely analyzed and studied mainly due to the fact that they play an important role in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. This manuscript aims to display the results of a bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science© database, performed in the DTF and food research area. A total of 374 publications were examined. The most scientific production was concentrated between 2012 and 2021, showing a decrease of 32% over the last two years. The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, India, and Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology were the most productive journal, country, and institution, respectively. Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy index showed a decrease of 95% in the last last years studied. Finally, current and future trends should focus on keywords such as individual DTF (Mancozeb, Thiram and Maneb), metabolites (Ethylenethiourea, Propilenthiourea) and a change in the analysis methodology: HPLC versus traditional GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Veiga-Del-Baño
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvadora Martínez-López
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Pérez-Lucas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Cuenca-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Andreo-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Chung SWC, Wong WWK. Chromatographic analysis of dithiocarbamate residues and their metabolites in foods employed in dietary exposure studies-a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1731-1743. [PMID: 35877692 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) belong to a group of compounds used as fungicides in food production and can be divided into three major groups. Since DTCs easily oxidise and hydrolyse in alkaline and acidic medium respectively, precautions have to be implemented during preparation/homogenisation and extraction of samples. As such, test samples are commonly prepared individually by cutting into small pieces just before the digestion of DTCs with a hot acid to give carbon disulphide (CS2) and the results are expressed as CS2 without any differentiation of individual DTCs. However, individual DTCs have different toxicological potencies whilst their metabolites are more toxic than the parent compound. Apart from the hot digestion method, chromatographic separation of three major groups of DTCs has been developed by a number of different researchers. This review provides a comprehensive examination of sample preparation, extraction, clean-up and chromatographic methods for the determination of individual DTCs and their more toxic metabolites in foodstuffs. Moreover, this review also studies on how dietary exposure of DTCs can be efficiently and effectively estimated using different methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Risk Assessment Section, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waiky W K Wong
- Risk Assessment Section, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Patil VK, Dhande ND, Petha NH, Narkhede HP. A simple derivatization RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of zineb and hexaconazole in pesticide formulation using a PDA detector. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3930-3939. [PMID: 34528935 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple derivatization reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous analysis (separation and quantification) of zineb and hexaconazole has been optimized and validated. The method was carried out on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm), with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile + methanol (80 + 20 v/v): water (0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid) (60 : 40 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL minute-1, and the quantification was achieved at 272 nm and 205 nm. The retention times of zineb and hexaconazole were found to be 6.4 min and 7.6 min, respectively. The performance of the method was validated according to the SANCO, CIPAC and ICH guidelines for specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of zineb and hexaconazole in a pesticide dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilas K Patil
- Smt. P. K. Kotecha Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Bhusawal, Dist.-Jalgaon, Maharashtra-425 201, India.
| | - Nilesh D Dhande
- Indofil Industries Limited, Thane, Maharashtra-400 607, India
| | | | - Hemant P Narkhede
- Smt. P. K. Kotecha Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Bhusawal, Dist.-Jalgaon, Maharashtra-425 201, India.
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6
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Qin G, Chen Y, He F, Yang B, Zou K, Shen N, Zuo B, Liu R, Zhang W, Li Y. Risk assessment of fungicide pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in the mid-western region of China. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Advances in the Detection of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides: Opportunities for Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 11:bios11010012. [PMID: 33396914 PMCID: PMC7824625 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTFs) are widely used to control various fungal diseases in crops and ornamental plants. Maximum residual limits in the order of ppb-ppm are currently imposed by legislation to prevent toxicity problems associated with excessive use of DTFs. The specific analytical determination of DTFs is complicated by their low solubility in water and organic solvents. This review summarizes the current analytical procedures used for the analysis of DTF, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and sensor-based methods and discusses the challenges related to selectivity, sensitivity, and sample preparation. Biosensors based on enzymatic inhibition demonstrated potential as analytical tools for DTFs and warrant further research, considering novel enzymes from extremophilic sources. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy and various sensors appear very promising, provided the selectivity issues are solved.
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A new derivatization method for the determination of propineb in black tea and infant formula samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 213:120846. [PMID: 32200932 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel derivatization method for the determination of propineb by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed in this study. This was achieved by isothiocyanate derivatization of the analyte by potassium persulfate and potassium carbonate in water medium. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was employed to isolate and preconcentrate the derivatized analyte into an organic phase. All method parameters including concentration/volume of potassium persulfate and potassium carbonate salts, type/period of mixing for derivatization reaction and microextraction process were systematically optimized to lower the detection limit. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were calculated as 0.15 mg/kg and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. The developed method was checked for its accuracy and applicability by spiking black tea and infant formula samples, and the respective percent recovery results were found to be in the range of 99-102% and 98-103%, respectively.
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Yan J, Si W, Hu H, Zhao X, Chen M, Wang X. Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activities of novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole group. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7581. [PMID: 31534848 PMCID: PMC6733239 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole group was designed and synthesized. The structures of all the compounds were well characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometer, and further confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis of 8d. The antimicrobial activities of all the target compounds against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium graminearum were evaluated. The in vitro antimicrobial bioassays indicated that some title compounds exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial effects against the above strains. Notably, the compound N-(5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl)acetamide (8a) displayed obvious antibacterial effects against X. oryzae pv. oryzicola and X. oryzae pv. oryzae at 100 μg/mL with the inhibition rates of 30% and 56%, respectively, which was better than the commercial bactericide thiodiazole-copper. In addition, the anti-R. solani EC50 value of 8a was 33.70 μg/mL, which was more effective than that of the commercial fungicide hymexazol (67.10 μg/mL). It was found that the substitutes in the 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione and the 1,3,4-thiadiazole rings played a vital role in the antimicrobial activities of the title compounds. More active title compounds against phytopathogenic microorganisms might be obtained via further structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijie Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang X, Fu X, Chen M, Wang A, Yan J, Mei Y, Wang M, Yang C. Novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives containing a hydrazide moiety: Design, synthesis and bioactive evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Design and synthesis of novel 2-(6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl)-N'-phenylacethydrazide derivatives as potential fungicides. Mol Divers 2018; 23:573-583. [PMID: 30465251 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl)-N'-phenylacethydrazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against Fusarium graminearum (Fg), Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), Botrytis cinerea (Bc) and Colletotrichum capsici (Cc). The bioassay results in vitro showed that most of the title compounds exhibited impressive antifungal activities against the above plant fungi. Particularly, the compounds 5c, 5f, 5g, 5i, 5m and 5p displayed desirable anti-Rs activities, with the corresponding EC50 values of 0.37, 0.32, 0.49, 0.50, 0.46 and 0.45 µg/mL, respectively, which are superior to the positive control carbendazim (0.55 µg/mL). Further in vivo bioassay results showed that the anti-Rs activity of title compound 5f at 200 µg/mL reached 95.84% on detached rice leaves and 93.96% on rice plants. Featuring convenient synthesis, novel structures and desirable antifungal activity, these 2-(6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl)-N'-phenylacethydrazide derivatives could be further studied as the potential candidates of novel agricultural fungicides.
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Vaclavik L, Shippar JJ, Koesukwiwat U, Mastovska K. Method development and validation for low-level propineb and propylenethiourea analysis in baby food, infant formula and related matrices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2387-2399. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1539529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urairat Koesukwiwat
- Eurofins Food Integrity and Innovation, The Synergy, International Business Park, Singapore
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Song S, Wei J, Chen Z, Lei Y, Zhang Y, Deng C, Tan H, Li X. Determination of propineb and its metabolites propylenethiourea and propylenediamine in banana and soil using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection and LC-MS/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:153-160. [PMID: 29227190 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1399765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific method for the determination of propineb and its metabolites, propylenethiourea (PTU) and propylenediamine (PDA), using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) and LC-MS/MS was developed and validated. Propineb and its metabolite residue dynamics in supervised field trials under Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) conditions in banana and soil were studied. Recovery of propineb (as CS2), PDA and PTU ranged from 75.3 to 115.4% with RSD (n = 5) of 1.3-11.1%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of CS2, PDA and PTU ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 mg kg-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0033 mg kg-1. Dissipation experiments showed that the half-life of propineb in banana and soil ranged from 4.4 to 13.3 days. PTU was found in banana with a half-life of 31.5-69.3 days, while levels of PDA were less than 0.01 mg kg-1 in banana and soil. It has been suggested that PTU is the major metabolite of propineb in banana. The method was demonstrated to be reliable and sensitive for the routine monitoring of propineb and its metabolites in banana and soil. It also serves as a reference for the detection and monitoring of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) residues and the evaluation of their metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Song
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Jie Wei
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Zhaojie Chen
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Cheng Deng
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Huihua Tan
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
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Kakitani A, Yoshioka T, Nagatomi Y, Harayama K. A rapid and sensitive analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicides using modified QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2017; 42:145-150. [PMID: 30363097 PMCID: PMC6140649 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d17-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We herein present a method for the analysis of 10 dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTCs) in beer, fruit juice, and malt samples, where the DTCs were converted into water-soluble sodium salts in the presence of NaHCO3 prior to methylation using dimethyl sulfate. Extraction of the methylated compounds from matrices was performed using a "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (QuEChERS) method. Following a dispersive solid-phase extraction as a clean-up step, the methylated compounds were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Performance evaluation was carried out on beer, fruit juice, and malt samples using representative compounds. Accuracies of the spiked compounds from the various matrices ranged from 92.2 to 112.6%, and the limits of quantification of propineb, mancozeb, and thiuram were <0.52, <0.55, and <6.97 µg/kg, respectively. The developed method was then applied in the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide contents in commercial beer and fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kakitani
- Department of Analytical Technology Development, Food Safety Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Department of Analytical Technology Development, Food Safety Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd
| | - Yasushi Nagatomi
- Department of Analytical Technology Development, Food Safety Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd
| | - Koichi Harayama
- Department of Analytical Technology Development, Food Safety Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd
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15
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López-Fernández O, Rial-Otero R, González-Barreiro C, Simal-Gándara J. Surveillance of fungicidal dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Cserháti T, Szogyi M. Chromatographic determination of fungicides in biological and environmental matrices. New achievements. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:276-82. [PMID: 21557266 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The newest results in the chromatographic analysis of synthetic and natural fungicides present in biological and environmental matrices are collected and critically evaluated. Examples of the employment of gas chromatography, liquid chromatographic technologies, such as thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods as well as electrically driven systems are presented. The advantages and disasdvantages of the various chromatographic technologies are briefly discussed and the efficacies of the methodologies are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Cserháti
- Research Institute of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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