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Secci G, Addeo NF, Rodriguez LFP, Bovera F, Moniello G, Parisi G. In vivo performances, ileal digestibility, and physicochemical characterization of raw and boiled eggs as affected by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal at low inclusion rate in laying quail (Coturnix japonica) diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101487. [PMID: 34731738 PMCID: PMC8571075 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 120, twelve wk old female Japanese quails were divided into 4 groups (6 replicates of 5 birds each). The control group (CON) fed a corn-soybean diet; in the other 3 groups, Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TML) replaced 5, 10, and 20% of the soybean protein (T5, T10, and T20). The laying performance and egg quality were studied for 54 d. The data were processed by a one-way ANOVA; the orthogonal contrast analysis was performed to test the linear, quadratic and cubic effects among the means. The laying rate and egg mass linearly decreased (P < 0.01) as the TML inclusion level in the diet increased. The egg weight and feed conversion ratio linearly increased from the control to T20 diet (P < 0.01) while the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein linearly decreased (P < 0.05). The albumen and yolk weight showed a linear increase (P < 0.01) due to dietary TML inclusion, while the eggshell weight showed the opposite (P < 0.05). The estimated activity of Δ9-desaturase (C16:0), Δ5+Δ6-desaturase on both polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 and n-3 linearly increased (P < 0.05) as affected by dietary TML. The boiled yolk lightness (L*) showed higher values in T5 and T10 groups (quadratic contrast, P < 0.01). The yolk redness index (a*) showed lower values in T5 and T20 than control and T10 groups (cubic contrast, P < 0.01). The albumen L*, a*, and b* indexes showed a significant effect of the quadratic contrast (P < 0.05). In addition, the albumen b* index showed a significant effect of the cubic contrast (P < 0.01). The total lipids showed the highest values (cubic contrast, P < 0.05) in the T10 and T20 groups. The total monounsaturated fatty acids linearly increased (P < 0.05) according to the increase of dietary TML. The best inclusion level of defatted TML meal for laying quails seems to be 1.4% of diet, corresponding to the T5 diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
| | - Nicola F Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80137, Italy
| | - Lina F Pulido Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80137, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Moniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
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Ma M, Geng S, Liu M, Zhao L, Zhang J, Huang S, Ma Q. Effects of Different Methionine Levels in Low Protein Diets on Production Performance, Reproductive System, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739676. [PMID: 34692750 PMCID: PMC8526799 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different levels of methionine (Met) in a low protein diet on the production performance, reproductive system, metabolism, and gut microbial composition of laying hens to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of Met in a low protein diet on the host metabolism and gut microbial composition and function of hens. A total of 360 healthy 38-week-old Peking Pink laying hens with similar body conditions and egg production (EP) were randomly divided into four groups with nine replicates per treatment and 10 hens per replicate. The hens in each treatment group were fed low protein diets containing different levels of Met (0.25, 0.31, 0.38, and 0.47%, respectively) for 12 weeks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the trial period. The results showed that, compared with the 0.25% Met group, the final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), EP, egg weight (EW), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the other groups were significantly increased and feed egg ratio (FER) was decreased. Meanwhile, the EW and yield of abdominal fat (AFY) in the 0.47% Met group were higher than those in other groups. The triglyceride (TG), estradiol (E2), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the 0.38 and 0.47% Met groups were higher than those in other groups. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that there was no difference in the Sobs index, ACE index, and Shannon index among all groups. However, it is worth noting that feeding low protein diets with Met changed the gut microbial composition (e.g., the supplementation of Met increased the level of Lactobacillus and decreased the proportion of Faecalibacterium). Also, our results showed that the changes in gut microbial composition induced by the diets with different levels of Met were closely related to the changes of key parameters: ADFI, EW, FBW, TG, EM, EP, ADG, FER, and uric acid (UA). Our results highlight the role of adding an appropriate amount of Met to the low protein diet in laying hens, which could improve the gut microbial composition, production performance, reproductive system, and nutrient metabolism of laying hens. In conclusion, this study suggested that when the Met level was 0.38%, the production performance of the laying hens was pretty good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Dao HT, Sharma NK, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Response of laying hens to l-arginine, l-citrulline and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in reduced protein diet. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:460-471. [PMID: 34258434 PMCID: PMC8245824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted with Hy-Line Brown laying hens to examine the effects of reduced protein diet, deficiency of arginine (Arg), and addition of crystalline Arg, citrulline (Cit) and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) as substitutes for Arg. Hen performance, egg quality, serum uric acid, liver and reproductive organ weights, and energy and protein digestibility were measured using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments. Treatments were a standard diet (17% protein diet; SP), a reduced diet (13% protein diet deficient in Arg; RP) and RP with added Arg (0.35%, RP-Arg), GAA (0.46% equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-GAA) or Cit (0.35%, RP-Cit) to the level of SP. It was hypothesized that performance would decrease with Arg deficient RP diet and the addition of GAA or Cit in RP would allow birds to perform similar or greater than Arg-added RP treatment. The experiment was conducted from 20 to 39 wk of age but the treatment effect was seen only after 29 wk of age. The birds offered RP had reduced egg and albumin weights (P < 0.01), lower yolk color score (P < 0.01), lower protein intake and excretion (P < 0.01) than those offered SP. When Arg or Cit were added to RP to make them equivalent to SP, feed intake (FI) and egg production were not different than those of RP (P > 0.05). The birds offered RP-GAA decreased FI and egg production (P < 0.01) compared to those offered RP. The addition of Arg, Cit or GAA to the RP had no effect on egg quality parameters, protein and energy digestibilities (P > 0.05). However, birds offered the RP-Cit diet tended to have higher Haugh unit (P = 0.095) and lower shell breaking strength (P = 0.088) compared to all other treatments while those offered RP-GAA had higher energy digestibility (P < 0.05) than all other groups but RP. The limited performance response of hens fed RP with added Arg, GAA, or Cit may be due to deficiency of some other nutrients in RP such as phenylalanine, potassium or non-essential amino acids and other components of soybean meal in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, 2351, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nishchal K. Sharma
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, 2351, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma J. Bradbury
- Ridley AgriProducts, Level 4, 565 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, 2351, New South Wales, Australia
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Tamiru B, Alkhtib A, Tamiru M, Demeke S, Burton E, Tolemariam T, Debela L, Janssens GPJ. Evaluation of dried papaya pomace meal in laying hen diets. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1914-1920. [PMID: 33955695 PMCID: PMC8464233 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for alternative feed resources for laying hens, papaya pomace is available as industrial by-product but information on its nutritive value is lacking. Dried papaya pomace was included in a common laying hen diet at 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% to evaluate its effect on egg production performance, egg quality and general health parameters in Bovan brown layers. For every inclusion level, three cages with ten 20-week-old layers were used, making a total of 120 hens. The effect of dried papaya pomace inclusion on egg production, egg quality and general health parameters was evaluated. Dried papaya pomace inclusion improved egg production and laying by 6.15% and 17% respectively, while it significantly decreased feed conversion ratio by 7.5%. Eggshell weight, thickness and strength of PP5 were higher than the control by 0.3 g, 0.8 mm and 0.43 kg/cm2 , respectively. There was a significant improvement in albumin weight (by 1.5 g/L), albumin height (2.1 mm), yolk weight (0.4 g/L), yolk height (0.4 mm), yolk colour (4.4 points) and Haugh unit (8 points) due to PP5 treatment. Inclusion of papaya pomace at a level of 7.5% of layers diet had negative effect on Egg production, feed conversion ratio and interior and exterior egg quality traits. Inclusion of papaya pomace affected significantly serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein, serum high density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and white blood cell count. However, all blood traits of the experimental animals were within the normal ranges reported for layers. Inclusion of papaya pomace in 5% of layers commercial diets improves egg production and quality without negative impact on health while decreasing feeding cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogale Tamiru
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ashraf Alkhtib
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Metekia Tamiru
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Demeke
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Emily Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Taye Tolemariam
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Debela
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Geert P J Janssens
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Batool T, Farooq S, Roohi N, Mahmud A, Ghayas A, Ahmad S, Usman M. Subsequent Effect of Lysine Regimens on Egg Characteristics of Native Aseel Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N Roohi
- University of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Ghayas
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Uğurlu M, Akdağ F, Teke B, Salman M. Effects of Protein in Diet and Sex Ratio on Egg Production, Egg and Hatching Chick Weight, Fertility, Hatchability and Embryonal Mortality in Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus). BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Uğurlu
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
| | - F Akdağ
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
| | - B Teke
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
| | - M Salman
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
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Lowman Z, Ashwell C. Parental diet effects on egg component weights and shell quality. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Alagawany M, El-Hack MEA, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Sachan S, Karthik K, Dhama K. Positive and Negative Impacts of Dietary Protein Levels in Laying
Hens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2016.165.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sharifi MR, Khajali F, Hassanpour H. Antioxidant supplementation of low-protein diets reduced susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens raised at high altitude. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:69-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Sharifi
- Department of Animal Science; Shahrekord University; Shahrekord Iran
| | - F. Khajali
- Department of Animal Science; Shahrekord University; Shahrekord Iran
| | - H. Hassanpour
- Department of Basic Science; Shahrekord University; Shahrekord Iran
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Dietary L-Carnitine Supplement Counteracts Pulmonary Hypertensive Response in Broiler Chickens Fed Reduced-Protein Diets and Subjected to Cool Condition and Hypobaric Hypoxia. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ji F, Fu S, Ren B, Wu S, Zhang H, Yue H, Gao J, Helmbrecht A, Qi G. Evaluation of amino-acid supplemented diets varying in protein levels for laying hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2013-00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Santos-Ricalde R, Sarmiento-Franco L, Segura-Correa J. Effect of three protein levels and an enzyme blend on egg quality of laying hens. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:1056-60. [PMID: 24502171 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1056.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One approach to enhance the Crude Protein (CP) value of laying hens diets it is the use of enzymes. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate different CP levels and an enzyme blend (Avizyme; AZ) in laying hens diets on egg quality. Two hundred and eighty eight ISA Babcock B-300 hens were used. The diets were: (A) 18.8% CP, (B) 18.8% CP+AZ, (C) 16.6% CP, (D) 16.6% CP+AZ, (E) 16.0% CP and(F) 15.4% CP. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance for factorial designs (Diets A, B, C and D) and a complete randomized design (Diets C, E and F). CP or AZ had no effect on egg quality (p>0.05). Reduction of CP in laying hen diets tended (p<0.08) to increase feed intake (90.8, 93.6 and 96.5 g day(-1)) and feed conversion (p<0.05) (2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) for 16.6, 16.0 y 15.4% of CP, respectively. Reduction of CP in laying diets increased (p<0.05) albumen height (11.4, 11.9 y 11.9 mm). Significant (p<0.05) reductions of feed intake (96.2 vs 89.9 g day(-1)) and feed conversion (2.1 versus 2.0) in diets supplemented AZ were observed. Significant (p<0.05) interactions of PC and AZ on feed intake and feed conversion were found. The reduction of CP in the diets did not affect egg quality, but has an effect on feed intake and feed conversion. Avizyme supplementation reduced feed intake and improve feed efficiency in high CP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santos-Ricalde
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Itzimna, Mexico
| | - L Sarmiento-Franco
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Itzimna, Mexico
| | - J Segura-Correa
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Itzimna, Mexico
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Lei QB, Shi LX, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Liu YG. Effect of reduced energy, protein and entire substitution of inorganic phosphorus by phytase on performance and bone mineralisation of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:202-13. [PMID: 21491243 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.562875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total removal of dietary inorganic phosphorus and reduced energy and protein, without and with phytase supplementation, on the performance, egg quality and bone composition of laying hens. 2. Lohmann pink-shell hens were randomly assigned at 56 weeks of age to 5 treatments for 20 weeks as follows: (1) a positive control (PC) with 155 g CP/kg, 11·09 MJ ME/kg, calcium (Ca) 3·40% and non-phytic phosphorus (NPP) 0·26%, (2) a negative control (NC1) diet based on PC diet with Ca decreased to 3·30% and NPP to 0·14%, (3) NC2 diet was formulated on the basis of NC1 diet with 152·7 g CP/kg, 10·90 MJ/kg, (4) NC1 and (5) NC2 supplemented with phytase (300 FTU/kg) each. 3. Feed intake, hen-day or hen-housed egg production, egg number per hen-housed, and final body weight were depressed with NC1 and NC2 diets, but restored by phytase inclusion. There were no significant differences between the dietary treatments for feed conversion efficiency, rates of cracked and broken eggs, egg-shell thickness or egg-shell strength. Mortality was significantly increased by NC2 diet without phytase. Tibia ash was significantly decreased by both NC1 and NC2 diets. Bone strength, and Ca and P contents in tibia ash were significantly increased by phytase inclusion in the NC1 diet. 4. In conclusion, the NC1 and NC2 diets significantly depressed performance and tibia quality, but the addition of phytase (300 FTU/kg) significantly improved performance and tibia integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B Lei
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P.R. China
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