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Khurajog B, Disastra Y, Lawwyne LD, Sirichokchatchawan W, Niyomtham W, Yindee J, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Selection and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria from chicken feces in Thailand as potential probiotics. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16637. [PMID: 38107571 PMCID: PMC10725671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used as probiotics in poultry production due to their resilience to low pH and high bile salt concentrations, as well as their beneficial effects on growth performance and antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens. However, the efficacy of probiotics depends on strain selection and their ability to colonize the host's intestine. This study aimed to select, identify, and evaluate LAB strains isolated from chicken feces in Thailand for potential use as probiotics in the chicken industry. Methods LAB strains were isolated from 58 pooled fresh fecal samples collected from chicken farms in various regions of Thailand, including commercial and backyard farms. Gram-positive rods or cocci with catalase-negative characteristics from colonies showing a clear zone on MRS agar supplemented with 0.5% CaCO3 were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The LAB isolates were evaluated for acid (pH 2.5 and pH 4.5) and bile salt (0.3% and 0.7%) tolerance. Additionally, their cell surface properties, resistance to phenol, antimicrobial activity, hemolytic activity, and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes were determined. Results A total of 91 LAB isolates belonging to the Pediococcus, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and Lactobacillus genera were obtained from chicken feces samples. Backyard farm feces exhibited a greater LAB diversity compared to commercial chickens. Five strains, including Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF12 and Pediococcus acidilactici BF9, BF14, BYF20, and BYF26, were selected based on their high tolerance to acid, bile salts, and phenol. L. salivarius BF12 and P. acidilactici BF14 demonstrated strong adhesion ability. The five LAB isolates exhibited significant cell-cell interactions (auto-aggregation) and co-aggregation with Salmonella. All five LAB isolates showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against Salmonella strains, with P. acidilactici BYF20 displaying the highest activity. None of the LAB isolates exhibited beta-hemolytic activity. Whole genome analysis showed that L. salivarius BF12 contained ermC, tetL, and tetM, whereas P. acidilactici strains BF9 and BF14 carried ermB, lnuA, and tetM. Conclusion The selected LAB isolates exhibited basic probiotic characteristics, although some limitations were observed in terms of adhesion ability and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, requiring further investigation into their genetic location. Future studies will focus on developing a probiotic prototype encapsulation for application in the chicken industry, followed by in vivo evaluations of probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamas Khurajog
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuda Disastra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lum Dau Lawwyne
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens (DMAP), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waree Niyomtham
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens (DMAP), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jitrapa Yindee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens (DMAP), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David John Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens (DMAP), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shaji S, Selvaraj RK, Shanmugasundaram R. Salmonella Infection in Poultry: A Review on the Pathogen and Control Strategies. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2814. [PMID: 38004824 PMCID: PMC10672927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is the leading cause of food-borne zoonotic disease worldwide. Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes are the primary etiological agents associated with salmonellosis in poultry. Contaminated poultry eggs and meat products are the major sources of human Salmonella infection. Horizontal and vertical transmission are the primary routes of infection in chickens. The principal virulence genes linked to Salmonella pathogenesis in poultry are located in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are involved in the defense against Salmonella invasion in poultry. Vaccination of chickens and supplementation of feed additives like prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and bacteriophages are currently being used to mitigate the Salmonella load in poultry. Despite the existence of various control measures, there is still a need for a broad, safe, and well-defined strategy that can confer long-term protection from Salmonella in poultry flocks. This review examines the current knowledge on the etiology, transmission, cell wall structure, nomenclature, pathogenesis, immune response, and efficacy of preventative approaches to Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamily Shaji
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.S.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.S.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Dosoky WM, Farag SA, Almasmoum HA, Khisheerah NSM, Youssef IM, Ashour EA, Mohamed LA, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Jaremko M, El-Hack MEA. Influences of dietary supplementation of ginger powder and frankincense oil on productive performance, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative status and tissues histomorphology of laying Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102988. [PMID: 37634332 PMCID: PMC10474497 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to ascertain the effect of using ginger powder or frankincense oil at different levels on the production rate, biochemical properties of blood, and immune response of laying Japanese quail housed from 12 to 21 wk of age. Three hundred sexually mature quail (200 females and 100 males) were distributed among 5 groups at 12 wk of age in a completely randomized design. Group 1: received basal diet not including additives and acted as a control group. Groups 2 and 3: received a basal diet with 250 and 500 mg ginger/kg feed, respectively. Groups 4 and 5: received a basal diet with 200 and 400 mg frankincense oil/kg feed, respectively. Results revealed that egg production parameters of laying Japanese quail were not influenced by ginger or frankincense oil added in all groups tested during experimental periods except at the time (15-18 wks.). Moreover, egg weight was significantly increased only during the period (15-18 wks.) and total period (12-21 wk of age), and group 5 recorded the highest weight during the 2 periods studied. Feed additives did not impact feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for WBCs, Hb, and monocytes, treatments impacted blood hematological parameters. Also, blood serum parameters were influenced by feed additives, except total protein, albumin, globulin, and creatinine were not influenced. Moreover, histological examination of the spleen was influenced by feed additives. It is concluded that utilizing frankincense oil or ginger powder in diets of laying Japanese quails enhanced blood serum properties and improved reproductive and productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Dosoky
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Soha A Farag
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hibah A Almasmoum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat S M Khisheerah
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Sciences, Al-Ajeilat, Zawia University, 16418, Libya
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Elwy A Ashour
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Laila A Mohamed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Dietary organic zinc and probiotic alleviate induced Eimeria tenella infection in Japanese quails model of coccidiosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:37. [PMID: 36630021 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of organic zinc (OZn) and probiotic on growth performance, oocysts number, and histological features of cecum of quails following Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 480 Japanese quails were distributed into six treatments as follows: untreated uninfected; untreated infected; E. tenella challenge + amprolium; E. tenella challenge + OZn; E. tenella challenge + probiotic; and E. tenella challenge + OZn + probiotic. Except untreated uninfected, all groups were orally gavaged at day 8 with 5 × 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Supplementation of OZn + probiotic improved (P = 0.001) growth performance compared to the untreated infected group. Lesion score of intestine and mortality was lower (P < 0.01) in quails supplemented with OZn + probiotic. Moreover, oocysts per gram (OPG) and histological dimensions of cecum in challenged birds were alleviated in OZn + probiotic. The histological findings of quails supplemented with OZn + probiotic showed normal intestinal villi with gentle sloughed epithelium. We concluded that OZn + probiotic may be safely included in the diet of Japanese quails to control coccidiosis.
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Boyner M, Ivarsson E, Wattrang E, Sun L, Wistedt A, Wall H. Effects of access to feed, water, and a competitive exclusion product in the hatcher on some immune traits and gut development in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2023. [PMID: 36628611 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2163152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of access to feed, water, and the competitive exclusion (CE) product Broilact®, administered in the hatcher, on broiler performance, caecal microbiota development, organ development, intestinal morphology, serum levels of IgY and vaccine-induced antibody responses.In total, 250 chicks were hatched in a HatchCareTM hatcher and divided into four groups, given access to feed, water and the CE product sprayed on the chicks (CEs); access to feed, water, and the CE product in water (CEw); access to feed and water (Cpos); or no access to feed and water (Cneg) in the hatcher. At the research facility, 10 chicks per hatching treatment were euthanized for organ measurements. The remaining 200 chicks were randomly distributed to 20 pens. On d 11, all birds were vaccinated against avian pneumovirus (APV). Three focal birds per pen were blood-sampled weekly for quantification of IgY and serum antibodies to APV. On d 11 and 32, two birds per replicate pen were euthanised for organ measurements and sample collection. Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly.Delayed access to feed and water reduced weight gain and feed intake early in life. At the end of the study, no differences in body weight remained.There were some early effects on organs, with depressed intestinal development and higher relative gizzard weight for the Cneg group at placement. No treatment effects on the immune traits measured were detected. The relative abundance of seven bacterial genera differed between treatment groups at d 11 of age. The results suggested that chickens are capable of compensating for 40 h feed and water deprival post-hatch. Provision of Broilact® did not have any persistent performance-enhancing properties, although different outcomes under rearing conditions closer to commercial production cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boyner
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Wattrang
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala
| | - L Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Wistedt
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Wall
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Al-Ghamdi ES. Use of ginger and cinnamon oils mixture as a natural alternative to antibiotics in quail feed. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, El-Shall NA, Shehata AM, Abdel-Moneim AME, Naiel MAE. Probiotics in Poultry Nutrition as a Natural Alternative for Antibiotics. ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED 2022:137-159. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815049015122010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1950s, antibiotics have been used in poultry for improving
feed efficiency and growth performance. Nevertheless, various side effects have
appeared, such as antibiotic resistance, antibiotic residues in eggs and meat, and
imbalance of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Consequently, it is essential to find other
alternatives that include probiotics that improve poultry production. Probiotics are live
microorganisms administered in adequate doses and improve host health. Probiotics are
available to be used as feed additives, increasing the availability of the nutrients for
enhanced growth by digesting the feed properly. Immunity and meat and egg quality
can be improved by supplementation of probiotics in poultry feed. Furthermore, the
major reason for using probiotics as feed additives is that they can compete with
various infectious diseases causing pathogens in poultry's gastrointestinal tract. Hence,
this chapter focuses on the types and mechanisms of action of probiotics and their
benefits, by feed supplementation, for poultry health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Alexandria University,Department of poultry and fish diseases,Elbehira,Egypt
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Fathima S, Shanmugasundaram R, Adams D, Selvaraj RK. Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Their Manipulation for Improved Growth and Performance in Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:1401. [PMID: 35626971 PMCID: PMC9140538 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut of warm-blooded animals is colonized by microbes possibly constituting at least 100 times more genetic material of microbial cells than that of the somatic cells of the host. These microbes have a profound effect on several physiological functions ranging from energy metabolism to the immune response of the host, particularly those associated with the gut immune system. The gut of a newly hatched chick is typically sterile but is rapidly colonized by microbes in the environment, undergoing cycles of development. Several factors such as diet, region of the gastrointestinal tract, housing, environment, and genetics can influence the microbial composition of an individual bird and can confer a distinctive microbiome signature to the individual bird. The microbial composition can be modified by the supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics. Supplementing these additives can prevent dysbiosis caused by stress factors such as infection, heat stress, and toxins that cause dysbiosis. The mechanism of action and beneficial effects of probiotics vary depending on the strains used. However, it is difficult to establish a relationship between the gut microbiome and host health and productivity due to high variability between flocks due to environmental, nutritional, and host factors. This review compiles information on the gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and additives such as probiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, which are capable of modifying gut microbiota and elaborates on the interaction of these additives with chicken gut commensals, immune system, and their consequent effects on health and productivity. Factors to be considered and the unexplored potential of genetic engineering of poultry probiotics in addressing public health concerns and zoonosis associated with the poultry industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.F.); (D.A.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Daniel Adams
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.F.); (D.A.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.F.); (D.A.); (R.K.S.)
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Khomayezi R, Adewole D. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: an overview of their delivery routes and effects on growth and health of broiler chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.1988804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rojman Khomayezi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Bible Hill, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Bible Hill, Canada
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Hoque MR, Jung HI, Kim IH. Effect of Yeast Culture ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Excreta Microbes, Noxious Gas, Nutrient Utilization, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. J Poult Sci 2021; 58:216-221. [PMID: 34899016 PMCID: PMC8630410 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to test the effects of using yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as feed additive on the growth performance, noxious gas emission, utilization of nutrients, excreta microbial count, and meat quality of broilers. In total, 360 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers with average body weight (BW) of 42.90±1.43 g were randomly selected and allotted to two groups; they were fed either a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1% yeast culture (YC). Each treatment group had 10 replication pens and each replication contained 18 birds. The experiment was divided into 3 phases (1 to 7, 8 to 21, and 22 to 35 days) for growth performance observation. In the 1st phase (1 to 7 days), only the body weight gain (BWG) significantly increased (P<0.05) in birds with the YC diet compared to the control diet. Significant effects on BWG (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05) were seen in birds receiving the YC-supplemented diet in the 3rd phase (22 to 35 days) as compared to the control diet. In addition, during the overall period (1-35 d), BWG was significantly higher (P<0.05) and FCR was reduced (P<0.05). Throughout this experiment, the meat quality, nutrient utilization, noxious gas emission, and bacterial count in the excreta did not vary significantly between the groups. This study proved that a higher dose of YC (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation could maintain the consistent positive effect on broiler growth but eliminated the speculated outcomes on digestibility, bacterial count, or excreta gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md-Raihanul Hoque
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Hong-Ik Jung
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
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Lee A, Aldeieg M, Woodward MJ, Juniper DT, Rymer C. The effect of Candida famata and Lactobacillus plantarum on the number of coliforms and the antibiotic resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli in the gut of broilers. Animal 2021; 15:100310. [PMID: 34311191 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of a yeast (Candida famata) and a bacterium (Lactobacillus plantarum), administered alone or in combination in the drinking water, on the population of yeast, Lactobacillus sp. and coliforms, and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from digesta samples taken throughout the life of broiler chickens. Male (Ross 308) day-old chicks (220) were used. C. famata (isolated from a chicken) and L. plantarum (isolated from a pig) were administered via the drinking water. Water was provided either untreated or with C. famata (CF; 108/ml), L. plantarum (LP; 105-108/ml), or a combination of CF and LP (106-108/ml) in water hoppers on 2 days each week for 35 days. Administering probiotics did not affect the growth performance in broiler chickens. No significant interactions were observed between main effects, and neither CF nor LP had any effect on the population size of Lactobacillus sp. or coliforms. The administration of C. famata increased the population density of yeasts in the small intestine at these ages. The population density of coliforms, Lactobacillus sp. and yeast decreased with age (P < 0.001). There was no significant effect of probiotics on the prevalence of phenotypic AMR and virulence genes in these studies. The prevalence of E. coli that was resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, as well as carrying ≥3 virulence-associated genes, was greatest at the end of the starter phase (around 8 days old), before declining through the grower and finisher phases. There was only limited evidence that administering either CF or LP affected either the AMR or the virulence of E. coli in the bird. However, tetracycline resistance in E. coli was associated (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05) with the carriage of the iron uptake systems of E. coli D, iron-repressible protein, increased serum survival and temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin genes respectively, suggesting that the accumulation of iron and the genetic element conferring tetracycline resistance may be intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
| | - M Aldeieg
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - M J Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom; Folium Science, St Philips Central, Albert Road, Bristol BS2 0XJ, United Kingdom
| | - D T Juniper
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - C Rymer
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
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Shini S, Bryden WL. Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in poultry production has increased rapidly, and this movement has been promoted by global events, such as the prohibition or decline in the use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry feeds. There has been a persistent search for alternative feed additives, and probiotics have shown that they can restore the composition of the gut microbiota, and produce health benefits to the host, including improvements in performance. Probiotics have shown potential to increase productivity in poultry, especially in flocks challenged by stressors. However, the outcomes of probiotic use have not always been consistent. There is an increasing demand for well defined products that can be applied strategically, and currently, probiotic research is focusing on delineating their mechanisms of action in the gut that contribute to an improved efficacy. In particular, mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of intestinal barrier integrity and the role of the gut microbiota are being extensively investigated. It has been shown that probiotics modulate intestinal immune pathways both directly and through interactions with the gut microbiota. These interactions are key to maintaining gut homeostasis and function, and improving feed efficiency. Research has demonstrated that probiotics execute their effects through multiple mechanisms. The present review describes recent advances in probiotic use in poultry. It focuses on the current understanding of gut homeostasis and gut health in chickens, and how it can be assessed and improved through supplementation of poultry diets with probiotics in poultry diets. In particular, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of gut barrier structure and function are described. It also highlights important factors that influence probiotic efficacy and bird performance.
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Castañeda CD, Gamble JN, Wamsley KGS, McDaniel CD, Kiess AS. In ovo administration of Bacillus subtilis serotypes effect hatchability, 21-day performance, and intestinal microflora. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101125. [PMID: 33940280 PMCID: PMC8105668 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has tried to maximize broiler chick health and performance by utilizing commercial in-feed probiotics to inoculate fertile hatching eggs, and thus expose birds earlier to beneficial bacteria. However, the in ovo inoculation of a specific serotype of Bacillus subtilis was detrimental for broiler hatchability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if other B. subtilis serotypes negatively affect hatchability or if it is associated with a specific serotype. It was also of interest to determine if the B. subtilis serotype influence chick performance and intestinal microflora. On d18 of incubation, 1886 fertile broiler eggs were in ovo inoculated with the following treatments (T): T1 = Marek's vaccine (MV), T2 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 6051), T3 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 8473), and T4 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 9466). It should be noted that in a previous study, T2 was detrimental to hatchability. Inoculated eggs were transferred to 3 hatchers/T. At hatch, chicks were weighed, feather sexed, and hatch residue analysis was conducted. Male chicks were randomly assigned to 40 raised wire cage so that there were 10 birds/cage. On d 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the grow-out, chicks and feed were weighed to calculate performance data. On these days, the ileum and ceca were aseptically collected to enumerate total aerobes and coliforms. No differences were observed for percentage of mid dead embryos, cracked eggs, and cull chicks (P > 0.05). However, hatch of transfer was significantly reduced by T2 compared to T1, T3, and T4 (P < 0.001). T2 had significantly higher percentages of late dead embryos and pips when compared to the other treatments (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Chicks hatched from T2 were not vigorous and, thus, not used for the grow-out trial. No differences were observed for growth performance characteristics for any of the treatments (P > 0.05). For bacterial enumeration, the ileum had equal or fewer bacterial counts for T3 and T4 when compared to T1 on most sampling days, except on d21 where T4 had higher aerobic and coliform counts (P ≤ 0.0001). For the ceca, T3 and T4 had equal or fewer bacterial counts than T1 on every sampling day (P ≤ 0.0001). These data demonstrate that not all B. subtilis evaluated are detrimental to hatchability, but rather, serotype dependent. In addition, different B. subtilis serotypes can modify the intestinal microflora with potential to reduce pathogenic bacteria present in young broiler, without impacting overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Josie N Gamble
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Christopher D McDaniel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
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Mohsin M, Abbas RZ, Yin G, Sindhu ZUD, Abbas A, Huang Z, Aleem MT, Saeed Z, Afzal MZ, Ejaz A, Shoaib M. Probiotics as therapeutic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents against poultry coccidiosis. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1883412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Life Science and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zia-Ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Adil Ejaz
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Castañeda CD, Dittoe DK, Wamsley KGS, McDaniel CD, Blanch A, Sandvang D, Kiess AS. In ovo inoculation of an Enterococcus faecium-based product to enhance broiler hatchability, live performance, and intestinal morphology. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6163-6172. [PMID: 33142534 PMCID: PMC7647828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the use of probiotics, as alternative to antibiotics, to enhance broiler performance. The administration of probiotics in feed has been widely explored; however, few studies have evaluated the in ovo inoculation of probiotics. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the impact of in ovo inoculation of different concentrations of GalliPro Hatch (GH), an Enterococcus faecium-based probiotic, on hatchability, live performance, and gastrointestinal parameters. Ross x Ross 708 fertile eggs were incubated, and on day 18, injected with the following treatments: 1) 50 μL of Marek's vaccine (MV), 2) MV and 1.4 × 105 cfu GH/50 μL, 3) MV and 1.4 × 106 cfu GH/50 μL, 4) MV and 1.4 × 107 cfu GH/50 μL. On the day of hatch, chicks were weighed, feather sexed, and hatch residue was analyzed. Male birds (640) were randomly assigned to 40 floor pens. On day 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the grow-out phase, performance data were collected. One bird from each pen was used to obtain yolk weight and intestinal segment weight and length. Hatchability was not impacted by any GH treatment (P = 0.58). On day 0, yolk weight was lower for all treatments than for MV alone. On day 0 to 7, feed intake was lower for 105 and 107 GH; the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower for all treatments than for MV alone (P = 0.05; P = 0.01, respectively). From day 14 to 21, the 107 GH treatment had higher BW gain (P = 0.05). For day 0 to 21, 107 GH had a lower FCR than MV alone (P = 0.03). On day 0, all GH treatments resulted in heavier tissues and longer jejunum, ileum, and ceca lengths than MV alone (P < 0.05). Spleen weight was higher for 105 and 107 GH than for MV alone. In conclusion, GH does not impact hatchability, and some concentrations improved live performance through the first 21 d of the grow-out phase. These improvements could result from the increased yolk absorption and improved intestinal and spleen morphology seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayettevill, AR 72704
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | | | | | | | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762.
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Cecal microbiome composition and metabolic function in probiotic treated broilers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225921. [PMID: 32492021 PMCID: PMC7269258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have become increasingly popular in the poultry industry as a promising nutritional intervention to promote the modulation of intestinal microbial communities and their metabolic activities as a means of improving health and performance. This study aimed to determine the influence of different probiotic formulations on the taxonomic and metabolic profiling of cecal microbial communities, as well as to define associations between cecal microbiota and growth parameters in 21 and 42-day-old broilers. Probiotics investigated included a synbiotic (SYNBIO), a yeast-based probiotic (YEAST), and three single-strain formulations of spore-forming Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SINGLE1), B. subtilis (SINGLE2) and B. licheniformis (SINGLE3). Dietary inclusion of SYNBIO, YEAST, SINGLE2, and SINGLE3 into the diets supported a significant stimulation of BW and BWG by 7 days of age. Besides, SYNBIO reduced the overall mortality rate by 42d (p<0.05). No significant variation was observed among different probiotic-based formulations for cecal microbiota composition. However, there was a treatment-specific effect on the metabolic profiles, with a particular beneficial metabolic adaptation by the microbiota when supplemented by SYNBIO and SINGLE2. Furthermore, the population of Lactobacillales was identified to be strongly associated with lower Enterobacteriales colonization, higher BW means, and lower mortality rate of growing broilers. Overall, the results emphasize that probiotic supplementation may enhance the microbial energy metabolism in the ceca of young broilers.
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Rodrigues DR, Briggs W, Duff A, Chasser K, Murugesan R, Pender C, Ramirez S, Valenzuela L, Bielke LR. Comparative effectiveness of probiotic-based formulations on cecal microbiota modulation in broilers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225871. [PMID: 32369478 PMCID: PMC7199926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of probiotics to manipulate the intestinal microbial ecosystem toward commensal bacteria growth offers great opportunity for enhancing health and performance in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of five probiotic-based formulations in modulating cecal microbiota in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. Probiotics investigated included a synbiotic (SYNBIO), a yeast (YEAST), and three single-strain formulations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SINGLE1), B. subtilis (SINGLE2) and B. licheniformis (SINGLE3). Alpha-diversity analyses showed that cecal microbiota of SINGLE1, SINGLE2, and YEAST had low diversity compared to the control diet with no feed additive (CON) at 21d. At the same age, weighted Unifrac distance measure showed significant differences between samples from SYNBIO and CON (P = 0.02). However, by analyzing principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) with unweighted Unifrac, there was no evidence of clustering between CON and probiotic treatments. By 42d, there were no differences in alpha or beta-diversity in the microbiota of probiotic treatments compared to CON. Similarly, taxonomic microbial profiling did not show major changes in cecal microbial taxa. In conclusion, not all probiotic-based formulations tested had a core benefit on the modulation of microbiota. However, based on the quantitative beta diversity results, SYNBIO greatly influenced the cecal microbial community structure attributable to transient variations in relative taxon abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R. Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Whitney Briggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Audrey Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kaylin Chasser
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raj Murugesan
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Chasity Pender
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shelby Ramirez
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Lisa R. Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Saksrithai K, Willits NH, King AJ. Production performance of laying hens at peak lay, sulfur compounds in manure, and selected serum profiles: efficacy of Lactobacillus species as probiotics. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ContextProbiotics have potential to improve health of laying hens, thus improving the overall quality of eggs. AimsA study was conducted to evaluate the use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus species to improve egg quality and serum biochemistry, and to lower the concentration of sulfur-containing gas compounds from poultry manure. MethodsNinety-six White Leghorn W-36 laying hens (32 weeks old) were randomly assigned to two feeding treatments: Control and Control + Probiotics. A combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus totalling 1 × 1012 CFU/kg feed) was provided for 8 weeks. At Weeks 0, 4 and 8, eggs were analysed for weight, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh unit. Faecal matter was analysed for total sulfur, sulfate-sulfur and 20 reduced sulfur compounds. Blood serum was analysed for amylase, calcium, phosphate, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Key resultsNo significant differences were observed between the two treatments for any of the parameters. Five sulfide gases were detected in manure: hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S, methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2). Ratios of various detectable gases were computed. Trends for ratios H2S:(CH3)2S, H2S:CS2, and H2S:COS from manure for both treatments were >1, whereas the ratios H2S:CH3SH and (CH3)2S:CH3SH were <1. ConclusionOverall, probiotics did not enhance production, egg quality or the serum profile. ImplicationsPossibly, the concentration of probiotics was too high, limiting bacterial colonisation and beneficial effects.
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Castañeda CD, McDaniel CD, Abdelhamed H, Karsi A, Kiess AS. Evaluating bacterial colonization of a developing broiler embryo after in ovo injection with a bioluminescent bacteria. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2997-3006. [PMID: 30789222 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovo injection of probiotics has been of interest for achieving early health benefits. However, there is limited research demonstrating where bacteria could migrate within the embryo after injection. The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial colonization or migration after in ovo injection of broiler embryo with bioluminescent Escherichia coli. Injection using 106 CFU/mL nonpathogenic E. coli was applied to amniotic and air cell regions on day 18 of incubation. On days 18, 19, 20, and 21 the amnion, skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), bursa, and spleen were collected. On day 21, the GIT was separated into crop, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca sections. All tissues were visualized using anin vivo imaging system to confirm the presence of bioluminescent E. coli. Samples were homogenized, 10-fold serially diluted, and spread onto appropriate agar to determine bacterial loads in all tissues. Results indicated that eggs injected into the amnion had significantly high numbers of E. coli cells in all tissues compared to air cell injected and control treatments 2 h post-injection (P < 0.0001). E. coli was also found on the lungs, spleen, and bursa of eggs injected either in the amnion or air cell (P < 0.05). Results indicated that in ovo injection into the amnion was more efficient than air cell injection, yielding a higher bacterial concentration in the evaluated tissues, specifically the ileum and ceca. Future research using bioluminescent probiotic bacteria may establish sites of preference for different probiotics leading to site-specific application that can maximize their overall impact when in ovo injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Christopher D McDaniel
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
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22
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Abd El-Hack ME, Samak DH, Noreldin AE, El-Naggar K, Abdo M. Probiotics and plant-derived compounds as eco-friendly agents to inhibit microbial toxins in poultry feed: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31971-31986. [PMID: 30229484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some of pathogenic bacteria and fungi have the ability to produce fetal toxins which may be the direct causes of cytotoxicity or cellular dysfunction in the colonization site. Biological and non-biological environmental factors, challenge and microbes influence the effect of toxins on these pathogens. Modern research mentions that many natural materials can reduce the production of toxins in pathogenic microbes. However, researches that explain the mechanical theories of their effects are meager. This review aimed to discuss the ameliorative potential role of plant-derived compounds and probiotics to reduce the toxin production of food-borne microbes either in poultry bodies or poultry feedstuff. Moreover, studies that highlight their own toxicological mechanisms have been discussed. Adding natural additives to feed has a clear positive effect on the enzymatic and microbiological appearance of the small intestine without any adverse effect on the liver. Studies in this respect were proposed to clarify the effects of these natural additives for feed. In conclusion, it could be suggested that the incorporation of probiotics, herbal extracts, and herbs in the poultry diets has some beneficial effects on productive performance, without a positive impact on economic efficiency. In addition, the use of these natural additives in feed has a useful impact on the microbiological appearance of the small intestine and do not have any adverse impacts on intestinal absorption or liver activity as evidenced by histological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Dalia H Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
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Cramer TA, Kim HW, Chao Y, Wang W, Cheng HW, Kim YHB. Effects of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation on meat quality characteristics of breast muscle from broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3358-3368. [PMID: 30137545 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of probiotic feeding and chronic heat stress on meat quality, total lipid and phospholipid contents, lipid oxidation, antioxidant capacity, and heat shock protein abundance of broiler breast muscle. A total of 240 male broilers (5 birds per pen) were subjected to 4 treatments consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial design. Broilers were kept at 21-32-21°C for 10 h daily (heat stress, HS) or 21°C (thermoneutral condition) and fed a regular diet or the diet mixed with probiotic (250 ppm of Sporulin containing 3 strains of Bacillus subtilis). A total of 48 broilers (12 birds/treatment) were harvested at 46 d. Neither HS nor probiotic had substantial impacts on water-holding capacity, shear force, and color characteristics. HS induced lipid oxidation as increased 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), in which probiotic feeding decreased TBARS value (P = 0.002) and phospholipid contents (P = 0.0033) in breast muscle of HS broilers. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was increased with HS (P < 0.0001), but no significant impact of probiotic supplementation was found. Neither probiotic nor HS affected catalase activity, but superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were lower in HS broilers compared to thermoneutral controls (P < 0.0001) and in probiotics-fed broilers (P < 0.0001) compared to their counterparts. In addition, a significant interaction between probiotic and HS was found at glutathione peroxidase activities, in which breast muscle of broilers fed probiotic at thermoneutral condition showed the highest activity (P < 0.05). Regarding heat shock protein (HSP) determination, HS slightly increased the levels of both HSP70 (P = 0.08) and HSP27 (P = 0.05), but no significant impacts of probiotic supplementation were found. Our results indicate that probiotic feeding could improve breast muscle weight without adverse impacts on meat quality attributes, as well as alleviate oxidative deterioration of breast muscle of broilers undergoing heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Cramer
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - H W Kim
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, South Korea
| | - Y Chao
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - W Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - H W Cheng
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Y H B Kim
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Jamshidparvar A, Javandel F, Seidavi A, Peña Blanco F, Martínez Marín AL, Avilés Ramírez C, Agüera Buendía E, Núñez-Sánchez N. Effects of golpar (Heracleum persicum Desf.) and probiotics in drinking water on performance, carcass characteristics, organ weights, blood plasma constituents, and immunity of broilers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23571-23577. [PMID: 28852951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing levels of Heracleum persicum (golpar) in drinking water were studied in broilers. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male chickens were allocated to one of six treatments: control, without added phytogenics nor probiotics in drinking water, and probiotics at recommended manufacturer's level (P) or 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ml/l of golpar extract solution (G1, G1.5, G2, and G2.5 treatments, respectively) in drinking water. As a result of this study, no linear or quadratic trends in the feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) due to golpar supplementation were found. Body weight gain, final body weight, and relative carcass weight showed a positive linear response with increasing levels of golpar supplementation. Neither golpar nor probiotics had effects on the percentages of edible parts of the carcass. Golpar supplementation levels caused a linear negative response of the albumin content in blood plasma, whereas both abdominal fat as percentage of carcass weight and uric acid levels in blood plasma linearly increased. The effects on Ig responses were only observed at 42 days of age and were similar in probiotics and the highest level of golpar supplementation. Based on our results, both probiotics and golpar supplementation could improve broiler performance and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jamshidparvar
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faramin Javandel
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Francisco Peña Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Andrés L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Avilés Ramírez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Estrella Agüera Buendía
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Núñez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Ritzi MM, Abdelrahman W, van-Heerden K, Mohnl M, Barrett NW, Dalloul RA. Combination of probiotics and coccidiosis vaccine enhances protection against an Eimeria challenge. Vet Res 2016; 47:111. [PMID: 27825377 PMCID: PMC5101694 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is endemic in the commercial broiler industry capable of inflicting devastating economic losses to poultry operations. Vaccines are relatively effective in controlling the disease; their efficacy could potentially be improved with concurrent use of probiotics as evaluated in this study using an Eimeria challenge. Day of hatch 400 Cobb-500 male broilers were assigned to one of four treatment groups including control (CON), vaccine-only gel application (VNC), probiotic-only gel application (NPC), and vaccine-plus-probiotic gel application (VPC). Birds were placed in floor pens (6 replicate pens/treatment, 16-17 birds/pen). NPC and VPC birds received the probiotics in the water on days 2-4, 8, 14-20, 22, 29, and 34-36. On day 15, birds were mildly challenged with 0.5 mL of a mixed oral inoculum of Eimeria sp. prepared with the coccidiosis vaccine at 10× the vaccination dose. Performance measurements were recorded on first day and weekly afterwards, and lesion scores were evaluated 6 days post-challenge. Overall, the probiotics and coccidiosis vaccine resulted in an enhanced protective effect against the challenge, with VPC birds exhibiting lower lesion scores in the duodenum than VNC or NPC birds. Birds in the VPC treatment also demonstrated higher weight gains during days 1-15, days 7-15, and days 21-28 when compared to the VNC birds. These results suggest that the combination of probiotics and coccidiosis vaccines could enhance performance and provide an additional protective effect against a mixed Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Ritzi
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Wael Abdelrahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Nathaniel W Barrett
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rami A Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Probióticos en pollos parrilleros: una estrategia para los modelos productivos intensivos. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:360-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ritzi MM, Abdelrahman W, Mohnl M, Dalloul RA. Effects of probiotics and application methods on performance and response of broiler chickens to an Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2772-8. [PMID: 25214558 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an inherent risk in the commercial broiler industry and inflicts devastating economic losses to poultry operations. Probiotics may provide a potential alternative to the prophylactic use of anticoccidials in commercial production. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic applications (feed and water) on bird performance and resistance to a mixed Eimeria infection in commercial broilers. On day of hatch, 1,008 commercial male broilers (Cobb 500) were assigned to 1 of 6 treatments (8 replicate floor pens; 21 birds/pen), including noninfected negative control (NEG), Eimeria-infected positive control (POS), anticoccidial control (0.01% salinomycin, SAL), intermittent high-dose water-applied probiotic (WPI), continuous low-dose water-applied probiotic (WPC), and feed-supplemented probiotic (FSP). On d 15, all birds except those in NEG were challenged with a mixed inoculum of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. Measurements were taken on d 7, 15, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Fecal samples were collected from d 20 to 24 for oocyst counts, and lesion scores were evaluated on d 21. Data were analyzed using the Fit Model platform in JMP Pro 10.0 (SAS Institute Inc.). Differences in experimental treatments were tested using Tukey's honestly significant difference following ANOVA with significance reported at P ≤ 0.05. Overall, NEG birds outperformed all other groups. For performance, the probiotic groups were comparable with the SAL-treated birds, except during the 6 d immediately following the Eimeria species challenge, where the SAL birds exhibited better performance. The WPC birds had lower duodenal and jejunal lesion scores, indicating a healthier intestine and enhanced resistance to Eimeria species compared with POS. Birds in the WPI treatment shed fewer oocysts in the feces, although this was not a trend for all of the probiotic treatment groups. The results of this study suggest probiotic supplementation without anticoccidials can enhance performance and help alleviate the negative effects of a mixed Eimeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Ritzi
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - Wael Abdelrahman
- BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 3130 Herzogenburg 3130, Austria Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 41522
| | | | - Rami A Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
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Blajman JE, Frizzo LS, Zbrun MV, Astesana DM, Fusari ML, Soto LP, Rosmini MR, Signorini ML. Probiotics and broiler growth performance: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:483-94. [PMID: 24919851 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.931930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the growth performance of broilers. PubMed, Scopus and Scholar Google databases were searched in all languages from 1980 to 2012. The studies in the meta-analysis were only selected if they were randomised and controlled experiments using broilers without apparent disease and the results were published in peer-reviewed journals. 2. A total of 48 and 46 studies were included to assess probiotic effects on body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency (FE), respectively. Probiotics increased BWG compared to controls (SMD = 0.661, 95% CI 0.499 to 0.822) and improved FE (SMD = - 0.281, 95% CI -0.404 to -0.157) in the pooled standardised mean difference random effect model, considering the source of heterogeneity and publication biases. However, there are evidences of publication bias and heterogeneity, so the results of this meta-analysis should be considered with caution. Applying the Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill methods, the adjusted value for BWG was 0.0594 (95% CI -0.122 to 0.242), and the adjusted value for FE did not show any modifications. 3. The meta-analysis showed that application of probiotics via water resulted in greater BGW and FE than administration through the feed. The effect was not related to the use of mono-strain or multi-strain probiotics, although it may depend on the strain used. The number of broilers and the duration of the experiments had an impact on the outcomes. 4. Additional studies should be conducted with the aim to identify the covariates which can explain the differences in the estimated effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Blajman
- a Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral , National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (ICIVET-CONICET/UNL) , Esperanza , Santa Fe , Argentina
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Dornas R, Silva G, Martins C, Moreira J, Jensen C, Souza M, Nicoli J, Nunes A, Neumann E. Probiotic technological and functional characteristics of Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken gut. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352014000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus spp. isolated from different portions of chickens' gastrointestinal tract were evaluated concerning their ability to survive in a water-in-oil (W/0) emulsion containing sesame and sunflower oil. After sixty days of emulsion storage under refrigeration, three of five strains tested survived in number equal to or higher than 10(6)cfu/g. Lactobacillus reuteri 2M14C, which presented the highest survival in W/O emulsion (10(7)cfu/g), was tested for its capacity to resist throughout the passage through gnotobiotic mice gastrointestinal tract and for the ability to stimulate murine peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis. This strain remained at a number above 10(9)cfu/g feces during ten days of monoassociation, and monoassociated mice showed phagocytic activity significantly greater than the germ-free controls (P<0.05). The results suggest that the formulation can be used to incorporate viable Lactobacillus spp. cells in animal feed. Moreover, the results suggest that L. reuteri 2M14C is a strong candidate to be incorporated in probiotic formulations for use in chicken.
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Herrera P, O'Bryan C, Crandall P, Ricke S. Growth response of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in co-culture with ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis is influenced by time of inoculation and carbohydrate substrate. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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