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Padilha SF, Ibelli AMG, Peixoto JO, Cantão ME, Moreira GCM, Fernandes LT, Tavernari FC, Morés MAZ, Bastos APA, Dias LT, Teixeira RA, Ledur MC. Novel Candidate Genes Involved in an Initial Stage of White Striping Development in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2379. [PMID: 39199913 PMCID: PMC11350825 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
White striping (WS) is a myopathy characterized by the appearance of white stripes parallel to the muscle fibers in the breast of broiler chickens, composed of adipose and connective tissues. This condition causes economic losses and, although common, its etiology remains poorly understood. Hence, the objective was to identify genes and biological mechanisms involved in the early stages of WS using a paternal broiler line that grows slightly slower than commercial ones, at 35 days of age, through the RNA sequencing of the pectoralis major muscle. Thirty genes were differentially expressed between normal and WS-affected chickens, with 23 upregulated and 7 downregulated in the affected broilers. Of these, 14 genes are novel candidates for WS and are implicated in biological processes related to muscle development (CEPBD, DUSP8, METTL21EP, NELL2, and UBE3D), lipid metabolism (PDK4, DDIT4, FKBP5, DGAT2, LIPG, TDH, and RGCC), and collagen (COL4A5 and COL4A6). Genes related to changes in muscle fiber type and the processes of apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and differentiation are possibly involved with the initial stage of WS development. In contrast, the genes linked to lipid metabolism and collagen may have their expression altered due to the progression of the myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Fernandes Padilha
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil; (S.F.P.); (L.T.D.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Jane Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
| | | | - Lana Teixeira Fernandes
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
| | - Fernando Castro Tavernari
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Zanella Morés
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Almeida Bastos
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Laila Talarico Dias
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil; (S.F.P.); (L.T.D.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Rodrigo Almeida Teixeira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil; (S.F.P.); (L.T.D.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (J.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (L.T.F.); (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
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Pizzol MSD, Ibelli AMG, Cantão ME, Campos FG, de Oliveira HC, de Oliveira Peixoto J, Fernandes LT, de Castro Tavernari F, Morés MAZ, Bastos APA, Ledur MC. Differential expression of miRNAs associated with pectoral myopathies in young broilers: insights from a comparative transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:104. [PMID: 38262955 PMCID: PMC10807067 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB) pectoral myopathies are relevant disorders for contemporary broiler production worldwide. Several studies aimed to elucidate the genetic components associated with the occurrence of these myopathies. However, epigenetic factors that trigger or differentiate these two conditions are still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) between normal and WS and WB-affected broilers, and to verify the possible role of these miRNAs in metabolic pathways related to the manifestation of these pectoral myopathies in 28-day-old broilers. RESULTS Five miRNAs were DE in the WS vs control (gga-miR-375, gga-miR-200b-3p, gga-miR-429-3p, gga-miR-1769-5p, gga-miR-200a-3p), 82 between WB vs control and 62 between WB vs WS. Several known miRNAs were associated with WB, such as gga-miR-155, gga-miR-146b, gga-miR-222, gga-miR-146-5p, gga-miR- 29, gga-miR-21-5p, gga-miR-133a-3p and gga-miR-133b. Most of them had not previously been associated with the development of this myopathy in broilers. We also have predicted 17 new miRNAs expressed in the broilers pectoral muscle. DE miRNA target gene ontology analysis enriched 6 common pathways for WS and WB compared to control: autophagy, insulin signaling, FoxO signaling, endocytosis, and metabolic pathways. The WS vs control contrast had two unique pathways, ERBB signaling and the mTOR signaling, while WB vs control had 14 unique pathways, with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing being the most significant. CONCLUSIONS We found miRNAs DE between normal broilers and those affected with breast myopathies at 28 days of age. Our results also provide novel evidence of the miRNAs role on the regulation of WS and in the differentiation of both WS and WB myopathies. Overall, our study provides insights into miRNA-mediated and pathways involved in the occurrence of WS and WB helping to better understand these chicken growth disorders in an early age. These findings can help developing new approaches to reduce these complex issues in poultry production possibly by adjustments in nutrition and management conditions. Moreover, the miRNAs and target genes associated with the initial stages of WS and WB development could be potential biomarkers to be used in selection to reduce the occurrence of these myopathies in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Spudeit Dal Pizzol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
- Present Address: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francelly Geralda Campos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Haniel Cedraz de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando de Castro Tavernari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Almeida Bastos
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Breast muscle myopathies in broiler: mechanism, status and their impact on meat quality. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Almost a decade ago, the sudden rise of breast muscle defects in fast-growing commercial broiler breeds challenged the broiler production industry and meat scientists to address the issue of these novel muscle abnormalities. After that, a widespread hypothesis showing a correlation between high muscle yield and incidence of these muscle myopathies got much acceptance from the research community. Increased muscle hypertrophy and unbalanced growth of connective tissues lead to an inadequate blood supply that ultimately causes hypoxia in muscle fibers. Reduced blood vascular density in muscle fibers induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to muscle fibrosis, lipidosis and myodegeneration. Along with physical changes, the myopathic muscles exhibit poor sensory properties, abnormal texture properties and a low nutritional profile. As these myopathies alter meat’s physical appearance, they have a negative impact on customer’s behavior and preference. A better production environment with proper dietary supplementation with balanced breeding strategies can minimize the incidence of muscle myopathies in broiler chicken. This review aims to address the underlying mechanism behind these myopathies and their impact on poultry meat quality, including nutritional value and consumer behavior. It describes the link between genetic and non-genetic elements influencing myopathies, along with the strategies to minimize the occurrence of breast muscle myopathies.
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Kuter E, Ӧnol AG. Increased dietary methionine levels and supplemental L-carnitine do not prevent the development of white striping in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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de Souza C, Eyng C, Viott A, de Avila A, Pacheco W, Junior N, Kohler T, Tenorio K, Cirilo E, Nunes R. Effect of dietary guanidinoacetic acid or nucleotides supplementation on growth performances, carcass traits, meat quality and occurrence of myopathies in broilers. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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BORDIGNON S, STEFANI LM, BOIAGO MM. The use of white striped chicken breasts on the quality of nuggets and hamburgers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Castilho VARD, Komiyama CM, Burbarelli MFC, Fernandes ARM, Garcia RG, Barbosa DK, Przybulinski BB, Serpa FC, Valentim JK, Leonardo RL. Techniques for in vivo assessment of myopathies in broiler chicken breasts using a biopsy as a support tool. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:477-489. [PMID: 34463592 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1970107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to validate non-invasive evaluation techniques as in vivo evaluation tools for the myopathies wooden breast and white striping that affect broilers, using biopsy as a support tool. It evaluated 30 Cobb 500® broiler chickens in a completely randomized design consisting of two sexes (males and females) and 15 replications per treatment. At 14, 21, 35, 42 and 49 days, the surface temperature of the birds' breasts was recorded using infrared thermography, analysis of fillet depth, and echogenicity by ultrasound imaging. All broiler chickens were sent for biopsy at 21, 35 and 42 days to collect a fragment of the pectoral muscle for descriptive morphological analyses of histological lesions and muscle fibre morphometry. Males had higher echogenicity values at 14, 21 and 42 days. There was no influence of bird sex on the occurrence of the wooden breast and white striping myopathies at 49 days of age in broilers selected and submitted to the biopsy protocol. There was a general trend of decreasing surface temperature for both sexes according to their age. Muscles with less area occupied with fibres had a lower surface temperature. It was concluded that ultrasonography with a 3.5 MHz transducer detects muscle changes after 28 days of age, which is consistent with the myopathic lesions studied. Infrared thermography is a potential method for detecting changes in breast temperature indicating myopathic lesions. A biopsy can be used as an auxiliary tool in the study of myopathies in broiler chicken breasts.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Detection of changes in the breast muscle after 28 days of age with ultrasonography.Changes in the surface temperature range of pectoral muscle with infrared thermography.Use of biopsy as a tool for early diagnostic evaluation in broiler myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Marie Komiyama
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - Deivid Kelly Barbosa
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Cardoso Serpa
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
| | - Jean Kaique Valentim
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
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de Oliveira RF, de Mello JLM, Ferrari FB, de Souza RA, Pereira MR, Cavalcanti ENF, Villegas-Cayllahua EA, Fidelis HDA, Giampietro-Ganeco A, Fávero MS, de Souza PA, Borba H. Effect of Aging on the Quality of Breast Meat from Broilers Affected by Wooden Breast Myopathy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1960. [PMID: 34209022 PMCID: PMC8300311 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging on the quality of breast meat from broilers affected of wooden breast. Samples that were classified as normal (control), moderate (hardness verified only in one region of breast fillet), and severe (hardness verified in all the extension of breast fillet) were evaluated fresh and after three and seven days of aging. Normal samples and samples with a moderate degree of myopathy showed greater water-holding capacity, which may benefit the processing industry of poultry meat. During the aging process, increase was observed in total collagen concentration (from 0.41% in normal samples to 0.56% in samples with severe degree). Samples of chicken breast affected by moderate degree showed higher myofibril fragmentation index (MFI = 115) than normal chicken samples (95.65). Although chicken samples affected with severe degree of wooden breast myopathy are more tender than normal chicken breasts, they produce more exudate, which can be detrimental to the processing of poultry meat. The aging process may improve the reduction of cooking weight loss and protein loss in exudation of broilers' breasts affected by wooden breast myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fortunato de Oliveira
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Juliana Lolli Malagoli de Mello
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Fábio Borba Ferrari
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Alves de Souza
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo—USP, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.d.S.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Mateus Roberto Pereira
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Erika Nayara Freire Cavalcanti
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Erick Alonso Villegas-Cayllahua
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Heloisa de Almeida Fidelis
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Aline Giampietro-Ganeco
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo—USP, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.d.S.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Maísa Santos Fávero
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Pedro Alves de Souza
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | - Hirasilva Borba
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, N/n, Professor Donato Castellane Access Road, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.M.d.M.); (F.B.F.); (M.R.P.); (E.N.F.C.); (E.A.V.-C.); (H.d.A.F.); (M.S.F.); (P.A.d.S.)
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Khan IA, Parker NB, Löhr CV, Cherian G. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3)-rich microalgae along with methionine supplementation in broiler chickens: effects on production performance, breast muscle quality attributes, lipid profile, and incidence of white striping and myopathy. Poult Sci 2021; 100:865-874. [PMID: 33518140 PMCID: PMC7858082 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3)-rich microalgae and methionine (Met) supplementation on production performance, incidence of breast muscle white striping (WS), and pathology, lipid profile, and meat quality aspects in broiler chickens was investigated. The hypothesis tested was that feeding Met and n-3 fatty acid (FA)-rich diet enhances muscle n-3 FA content and meat quality while attenuating breast muscle WS and myopathy in broiler chickens. One hundred and forty four (n = 144) 10-day-old Cornish cross chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0% microalgae (control), 2% microalgae (diet 1), and diet 1 + 100% more National Research Council requirement of Met (diet 2) up to day 42 of growth. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The chicks were kept in 6 pens with 8 chicks per replicate pen. Feed consumption and feed efficiency were calculated on day 21 and 42. On day 43, 3 chicks per pen (n = 18/treatment) were euthanized. The breast muscle (pectoralis major) was visually scored for muscle WS (1 = no striping, 2 = mild, 3 = severe) and was subjected to histopathology. Breast muscle lipid profile (total lipids, FA composition, cholesterol, lipid oxidation products), quality (moisture, color, drip loss, shear force, cook loss, pH), and chemical characterization (protein, minerals) were recorded. A one-way analysis of variance was carried out with diet as the main factor and significance was set at P < 0.05. The incidence of muscle WS was lower (P < 0.02) for control vs. diet 2 and a trend for reduction in WS was observed in birds fed diet 1 vs. control (P = 0.09). Histopathological changes consisted of floccular or vacuolar degeneration, fibrosis, lipidosis, interstitial inflammation, and lysis of fibers, and were minimal in diet 2 when compared to control (P < 0.05). The total lipid content was lowest in birds fed diet 1 (P < 0.05). Total n-3 and total long chain (≥20C) n-3 FA were highest in the breast muscle of diet 2 birds (P < 0.05). Muscle drip loss and shear force were highest in diet 2 (P < 0.05). Meat color (a∗, redness) was reduced (P < 0.05) and a trend for reduction in b∗ (yellowness) was observed in diet 2 (P = 0.07). No effect of diet on body weight gain, feed efficiency, breast muscle yield, pH, moisture, lipid oxidation products, cook loss, minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na), cholesterol, or protein content was observed (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated a significant effect of DHA-rich microalgae along with Met supplementation in reducing the incidence of breast muscle striping and myopathy, while enriching meat with n-3 FA. However, inclusion of Met in microalgae-based diets could influence meat tenderness and color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Khan
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Nathan B Parker
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gita Cherian
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Pekel AY, Tatlı O, Sevim Ö, Kuter E, Ahsan U, Khamseh EK, Atmaca G, Köksal BH, Özsoy B, Cengiz Ö. Effects of reducing dietary amino acid density and stocking density on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and occurrence of white striping in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7178-7191. [PMID: 33248635 PMCID: PMC7704966 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 49-day trial was conducted to determine the impact of dietary amino acid (AA) density and stocking density (SD) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and white striping (WS) occurrence in broiler chickens. Two hundred eighty-eight Ross 308 male broilers consisting of 6 replicate cages with 8 broilers per replicate were used. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial and consisted of 3 AA densities (normal, 10, or 20% lower than normal) and 2 different SD (high 35 kg/m2 or low 26 kg/m2). Breasts were classified as normal, moderate, and severe for WS. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure. Decreasing AA density decreased overall growth performance, carcass, breast yields, and fillet dimensions linearly, while leg and rib cage yields increased linearly (P < 0.01). High SD decreased hot carcass, breast, wings, and rib cage weights in birds fed normal AA diets (P < 0.05). High SD increased the length of breast fillet (P < 0.05). Cooking loss, breast lightness (L∗), and redness (a∗) at 48 h postmortem increased linearly with decreasing AA density, while ultimate breast pH (pHu) and nitrogen content decreased linearly (P < 0.05). The occurrence of normal, moderate, and severe WS fillets was 45.3, 49.1, and 5.6%, respectively. As the dietary AA density decreased, the occurrence of no WS breast fillets increased linearly, whereas the occurrence of moderate WS fillets and mean WS score decreased linearly (P < 0.05). SD did not affect the occurrence of WS. Severe WS fillets were heavier and had higher cranial thickness, pHu, and fat content and lower yellowness (P < 0.05), but water-holding capacity, nitrogen content, L∗, and a∗ value did not differ among different WS scores. Taken together, WS occurrence and severity increased with higher growth rate. Growth depression created by lowering dietary AA density regardless of SD resulted in a decrease in mean WS score, but it also compromised the growth and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Pekel
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.
| | - O Tatlı
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - Ö Sevim
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - E Kuter
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - U Ahsan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - E Karimiyan Khamseh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - G Atmaca
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34320 Turkey
| | - B H Köksal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - B Özsoy
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - Ö Cengiz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Turkey
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11
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Bailey RA, Souza E, Avendano S. Characterising the Influence of Genetics on Breast Muscle Myopathies in Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1041. [PMID: 32973559 PMCID: PMC7468472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This report provides the first estimates of the genetic basis of all key breast muscle myopathies (BMM) in broiler chickens [Deep pectoral myopathy, wooden breast, white striping and spaghetti breast] and their relationship with body weight and breast yield. Data from a pure bred high yielding commercial broiler line were analysed to estimate the genetic parameters using a multivariate animal model with the appropriate fixed effects and permanent environmental effect of the dam. Heritabilities of the BMM ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 and the genetic correlation of the BMM with body weight and breast yield ranged from -0.06 to 0.41. Here we highlight that the genetic variance of BMM accounts for a low proportion of the phenotypic variance and the BMM have a low genetic relationship with performance traits. The large contribution of residual variance to the phenotypic variance for the BBM was >71.5% which indicates the importance of the non-genetic effects on BMM. The data presented also show that the moderate to low genetic influence for the development of BMM can be used, through balanced selection, to reduce the myopathy incidence in the long term. The impact of genetic selection against BMM was tested empirically by comparing the incidence of WB and % breast yield of a commercial broiler with a high generation (HG) broiler. The HG broiler used represents 2 years of genetic improvement compared to the commercial broiler; the HG broiler had an 18.4% relative decrease in WB and a 1.02% relative increase in breast yield compared to the commercial broiler. This paper describes the relationship between the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing BMM highlighting the importance of understanding the non-genetic effects on myopathy incidence. It also shows that the genetic component of BMM can be reduced whilst at the same time improving breast yield as part of balanced breeding goals.
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12
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Praud C, Jimenez J, Pampouille E, Couroussé N, Godet E, Le Bihan-Duval E, Berri C. Molecular Phenotyping of White Striping and Wooden Breast Myopathies in Chicken. Front Physiol 2020; 11:633. [PMID: 32670085 PMCID: PMC7328665 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB) defects are two myopathic syndromes whose occurrence has recently increased in modern fast-growing broilers. The impact of these defects on the quality of breast meat is very important, as they greatly affect its visual aspect, nutritional value, and processing yields. The research conducted to date has improved our knowledge of the biological processes involved in their occurrence, but no solution has been identified so far to significantly reduce their incidence without affecting growing performance of broilers. This study aims to follow the evolution of molecular phenotypes in relation to both fast-growing rate and the occurrence of defects in order to identify potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes, but also to improve our understanding of physiological dysregulation involved in the occurrence of WS and WB. This has been achieved through enzymatic, histological, and transcriptional approaches by considering breast muscles from a slow- and a fast-growing line, affected or not by WS and WB. Fast-growing muscles produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than slow-growing ones, independently of WS and WB occurrence. Within fast-growing muscles, despite higher mitochondria density, muscles affected by WS or WB defects did not show higher cytochrome oxidase activity (COX) activity, suggesting altered mitochondrial function. Among the markers related to muscle remodeling and regeneration, immunohistochemical staining of FN1, NCAM, and MYH15 was higher in fast- compared to slow-growing muscles, and their amount also increased linearly with the presence and severity of WS and WB defects, making them potential biomarkers to assess accurately their presence and severity. Thanks to an innovative histological technique based on fluorescence intensity measurement, they can be rapidly quantified to estimate the injuries induced in case of WS and WB. The muscular expression of several other genes correlates also positively to the presence and severity of the defects like TGFB1 and CTGF, both involved in the development of connective tissue, or Twist1, known as an inhibitor of myogenesis. Finally, our results suggested that a balance between TGFB1 and PPARG would be essential for fibrosis or adiposis induction and therefore for determining WS and WB phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Estelle Godet
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Cecile Berri
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, Nouzilly, France
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13
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Tasoniero G, Zhuang H, Gamble GR, Bowker BC. Effect of spaghetti meat abnormality on broiler chicken breast meat composition and technological quality. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1724-1733. [PMID: 32111334 PMCID: PMC7587806 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of spaghetti meat (SM) myopathy and sampling location on chicken breast meat physical traits, composition, and protein functionality were investigated using 30 normal (N) and 30 SM boneless fillets. Weight, drip loss, pH, and color traits were determined on intact fillets. Proximate composition, water holding capacity, mineral profile, SDS-PAGE, myofibrillar, and sarcoplasmic protein solubility, and emulsifying properties were assessed on both the superficial (S) and deep (D) layers of the breasts. SM fillets were heavier (P < 0.0001) and exhibited greater drip loss (P = 0.0131) and higher b* index on the skin side of the muscle (P < 0.0001). Muscle condition by layer interaction effect revealed that the superficial portion of SM fillets (SM-S) exhibited the highest moisture (P = 0.0003) and fat contents (P = 0.0011) coupled with the lowest protein (P < 0.0001) and ash contents (P = 0.0458). Total and soluble collagen amounts were higher in N-S and SM-S groups compared with N-D and SM-D (P < 0.0001). SM-S group exhibited the highest calcium (P = 0.0035) and sodium (P < 0.0001) levels. Overall, the myopathy had only minor impacts on protein profiles, while the muscle layer exerted a more remarkable effect. SM fillets exhibited higher pH but a lower myofibrillar protein solubility (P < 0.0001). Salt-induced water uptake, cooking loss, and final yield values suggested a potential impairment of water-holding capacity in SM-affected meat. Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar emulsion activity indexes were similar between the 2 muscle conditions, but the stability of the emulsions was lower in SM meat. Overall, significant layer and muscle condition by layer effects were not observed in the functional properties of the breast meat. SM exerted a profound and negative impact on breast meat composition that led to detrimental consequences on functionality traits. Given the fundamental role of protein quality for meat processing, these data suggest that a further step toward the understanding of this myopathy should be the investigation of intrinsic protein characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tasoniero
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Hong Zhuang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Gary R Gamble
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Brian C Bowker
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
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14
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Pampouille E, Hennequet-Antier C, Praud C, Juanchich A, Brionne A, Godet E, Bordeau T, Fagnoul F, Le Bihan-Duval E, Berri C. Differential expression and co-expression gene network analyses reveal molecular mechanisms and candidate biomarkers involved in breast muscle myopathies in chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14905. [PMID: 31624339 PMCID: PMC6797748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The broiler industry is facing an increasing prevalence of breast myopathies, such as white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB), and the precise aetiology of these occurrences remains poorly understood. To progress our understanding of the structural changes and molecular pathways involved in these myopathies, a transcriptomic analysis was performed using an 8 × 60 K Agilent chicken microarray and histological study. The study used pectoralis major muscles from three groups: slow-growing animals (n = 8), fast-growing animals visually free from defects (n = 8), or severely affected by both WS and WB (n = 8). In addition, a weighted correlation network analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between modules of co-expressed genes and histological traits. Functional analysis suggested that selection for fast growing and breast meat yield has progressively led to conditions favouring metabolic shifts towards alternative catabolic pathways to produce energy, leading to an adaptive response to oxidative stress and the first signs of inflammatory, regeneration and fibrosis processes. All these processes are intensified in muscles affected by severe myopathies, in which new mechanisms related to cellular defences and remodelling seem also activated. Furthermore, our study opens new perspectives for myopathy diagnosis by highlighting fine histological phenotypes and genes whose expression was strongly correlated with defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pampouille
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,Hubbard SAS, Mauguérand, 22800, Le Foeil - Quintin, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Estelle Godet
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Cécile Berri
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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15
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16
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Lucca J, Zampar A, Borba H, Mello JD, Barreta M, Boiago M. Miopatia White Striping em diferentes linhagens de frangos de corte e suas consequências sobre a composição e a qualidade da carne. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Avaliou-se a incidência da miopatia White Striping (WS) em três linhagens de frangos de corte machos e suas consequências sobre a composição química e a qualidade física da carne. Para determinação das porcentagens de incidência dos diferentes graus da miopatia WS (normal, moderada e severa) nas linhagens, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com três tratamentos (linhagens A, B e C) e cinco repetições de 300 peitos cada. Para as variáveis químicas e físicas, utilizou-se um DIC em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três linhagens x três níveis de WS), com 15 repetições cada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, em casos de diferenças significativas, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey (P≤0,05). As aves da linhagem A apresentaram 84,81% de peitos classificados como normais e 9,91% de peitos classificados como moderados, valores respectivamente maiores e menores que nas duas demais linhagens. Os peitos classificados com miopatia WS severa foram mais pesados e apresentaram maiores porcentagens de lipídios e umidade, e menor concentração de proteína bruta. As concentrações de colágeno total, termo solúvel e insolúvel variaram com o nível de acometimento por WS nos filés, com comportamento específico para cada linhagem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Lucca
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A. Zampar
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - H. Borba
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - M. Barreta
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - M.M. Boiago
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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17
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Golzar Adabi S, Demirok Soncu E. White striping prevalence and its effect on meat quality of broiler breast fillets under commercial conditions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1060-1069. [PMID: 30972864 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
White striping (WS), characterized by white striations on the Pectoralis major muscle, is an emerging problem for the broiler industry. Thus, the impact of WS on meat quality has become a current research topic. In this context, a 2-year follow-up study, to reveal the prevalence of WS in broiler integrations, was undertaken. Additionally, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the oxidative quality during storage and the differences in proximate composition, colour and fatty acid and amino acid profiles of broiler breast fillets scored visually as normal, moderate and severe. In integrations, the WS incidence increased with increasing broiler age and more than 50% of breast fillets obtained from 32- to 35-day-old broilers and 36- to 39-day-old broilers had stripes with different scores. Lower protein and higher fat contents were measured in the moderate and severe scored fillets than the normal fillets (p < 0.001). Severe score stripes induced the formation of less redness on the ventral surface (p < 0.05) and a darker colour on the dorsal surface (p < 0.01). The lowest histidine, arginine and tryptophan amounts were determined in severe fillets (p < 0.05). Moderate and severe scored fillets were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids implying that they were sensitive to lipid oxidation. That suggestion was further proven by the higher TBARS values. Freeze-thawing induced the formation of carbonyl compounds, but it did not cause differences in sulphydryl groups. Briefly, we suggest that different WS scores may affect the physicochemical and oxidative quality of breast fillets; however, more studies are needed to assert an accurate and explicit judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eda Demirok Soncu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Petracci M, Soglia F, Madruga M, Carvalho L, Ida E, Estévez M. Wooden-Breast, White Striping, and Spaghetti Meat: Causes, Consequences and Consumer Perception of Emerging Broiler Meat Abnormalities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:565-583. [PMID: 33336940 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, the occurrence of macroscopic defects in breasts muscles from fast-growing broilers challenged producers and animal scientists to label and characterize myopathies wholly unknown. The distinctive white striations in breasts affected by white striping disorder, the presence of out-bulging and pale areas of hardened consistency in the so-called wooden breast, and the separation of the fiber bundles in breasts labelled as spaghetti meat, made these myopathies easily identified in chicken carcasses. Yet, the high incidence of these myopathies and the increasing concern by producers and retailers led to an unprecedented flood of questions on the causes and consequences of these abnormal chicken breasts. This review comprehensively collects the most relevant information from studies aimed to understand the pathological mechanisms of these myopathies, their physicochemical and histological characterization and their impact on meat quality and consumer's preferences. Today, it is known that the occurrence is linked to fast-growth rates of the birds and their large breast muscles. The muscle hypertrophy along with an unbalanced growth of supportive connective tissue leads to a compromised blood supply and hypoxia. The occurrence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction leads to lipidosis, fibrosis, and overall myodegeneration. Along with the altered appearance, breast muscles affected by the myopathies display poor technological properties, impaired texture properties, and reduced nutritional value. As consumer's awareness on the occurrence of these abnormalities and the concerns on animal welfare arise, efforts are made to inhibit the onset of the myopathies or alleviate the severity of the symptoms. The lack of fully effective dietary strategies leads scientists to propose whether "slow" production systems may alternatively provide with poultry meat free of these myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petracci
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ. of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - F Soglia
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Univ. of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - M Madruga
- Postgraduate program in Food Science and Technology. Dept. of Food Engineering, Federal Univ. of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - L Carvalho
- Postgraduate program in Food Science and Technology. Dept. of Food Engineering, Federal Univ. of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Elza Ida
- Dept. of Food Technology, Londrina State Univ., Londrina, Brazil
| | - M Estévez
- Meat and Meat Products Research Inst., TECAL Research Group, Univ. of Extremadura, Avda. Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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19
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Marchesi J, Ibelli A, Peixoto J, Cantão M, Pandolfi J, Marciano C, Zanella R, Settles M, Coutinho L, Ledur M. Whole transcriptome analysis of the pectoralis major muscle reveals molecular mechanisms involved with white striping in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:590-601. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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20
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Boerboom G, van Kempen T, Navarro-Villa A, Pérez-Bonilla A. Unraveling the cause of white striping in broilers using metabolomics. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3977-3986. [PMID: 29931266 PMCID: PMC6162359 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
White striping (WS) is a major problem affecting the broiler industry. Fillets affected by this myopathy present pathologies that compromise the quality of the meat, and most importantly, make the fillets more prone to rejection by the consumer. The exact etiology is still unknown, which is why a metabolomics analysis was performed on breast samples of broilers. The overall objective was to identify biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of WS. The analysis was performed on a total of 51 muscle samples and distinction was made between normal (n = 19), moderately affected (n = 24) and severely affected (n = 8) breast fillets. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatographic mass spectral analysis and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Data were subsequently standardized, normalized and analyzed using various multivariate statistical procedures. Metabolomics allowed for the identification of several pathways that were altered in white striped breast fillets. The tricarboxylic acid cycle exhibited opposing directionalities. This is described in literature as the backflux and enables the TCA cycle to produce high-energy phosphates through matrix-level phosphorylation and, therefore, produce energy under conditions of hypoxia. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was limited due to disturbances in especially cis-5–14:1 carnitine (log2 FC of 2, P < 0.01). Because of this, accumulation of harmful fatty acids took place, especially long-chain ones, which damages cell structures. Conversion of arginine to citrulline increased presumably to produce nitric oxide, which enhances blood flow under conditions of hypoxia. Nitric oxide however also increases oxidative damage. Increases in taurine (log2 FC of 1.2, P < 0.05) suggests stabilization of the sarcolemma under hypoxic conditions. Lastly, organic osmolytes (sorbitol, taurine, and alanine) increased (P < 0.05) in severely affected birds; likely this disrupts cell volume maintenance. Based on the results of this study, hypoxia was the most likely cause/initiator of WS in broilers. We speculate that birds suffering from WS have a vascular support system in muscle that is borderline adequate to support growth, but triggers like activity results in local hypoxia that damages tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Boerboom
- Trouw Nutrition R&D Amersfoort, 3811 MH, The Netherlands
| | - Theo van Kempen
- Trouw Nutrition R&D Amersfoort, 3811 MH, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA
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21
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Huang X, Ahn DU. The Incidence of Muscle Abnormalities in Broiler Breast Meat - A Review. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:835-850. [PMID: 30479493 PMCID: PMC6238037 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic improvements in the growth rate and breast muscle size and yield in
broilers through the intensive genetic selection, and the improvement in
nutrition and management over the past 50 years have introduced serious
abnormalities that influenced the quality of breast meat. The abnormalities
include pale-soft-exudative (PSE) conditions, deep pectoral muscle (DPM)
myopathy, spaghetti meat (SM), white striping (WS), and woody breast (WB) that
have serious negative implications to the broiler meat industry. The incidences
of PSE and DPM have been known for several decades, and their prevalence,
etiology and economic impact have been well discussed. However, other
abnormalities such as SM, WS and WB conditions have been reported just for few
years although these conditions have been known for some time. The newly
emerging quality issues in broilers are mainly associated with the
Pectoralis major muscles, and the incidences have been
increased dramatically in some regions of the world in recent years. As high as
90% of the broilers are affected by the abnormalities, which are expected to
cause from $200 million to $1 billion economic losses to the U.S. poultry
industry per year. So, this review mainly discusses the histopathological
characteristics and biochemical changes in the breast muscles with the emphasis
on the newly emerging abnormalities (SM, WS, and WB) although other
abnormalities are also discussed. The impacts of the anomalies on the
nutritional, functional, mechanical and sensory quality of the meat and their
implications to the poultry industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Egg Processing Technology Local Joint National Engineering Research Center, National R&D Center for Egg Processing, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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22
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Bodle BC, Alvarado C, Shirley RB, Mercier Y, Lee JT. Evaluation of different dietary alterations in their ability to mitigate the incidence and severity of woody breast and white striping in commercial male broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3298-3310. [PMID: 29762760 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study was conducted to define how multiple nutritional strategies affect broiler performance, meat yield, and the presence and severity of white striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) in high-yielding broilers. Relative to a commercial set of reference broiler diets (Commercial reference diet; Trt 1) that were fed in a 4-phase program, the following nutritional strategies were investigated: increasing the ratio of digestible arginine: digestible lysine (dArg: dLys ranged from 113 to 126; Trt 2), supplementing Trt 1 with 94.4 mg vitamin C/kg feed (Trt 3), doubling the vitamin pack inclusion rate (Trt 4), reducing the digestible amino acid density (dAA) of only the grower phase by 15% and feeding the same Trt 1 starter, finisher, and withdraw diets (Trt 5), and combining the 4 strategies just mentioned (Trt 6). There was no difference in performance at the end of the starter phase (P = 0.066); however, at the end of the grower and finisher phases, feeding lower dAA grower diets suppressed BW (Trts 5 and 6; P < 0.001) and increased FCR. Differences in performance amongst all treatments disappeared at day 49 (P = 0.220). No differences were observed in average breast weight (P = 0.188); however, breast yield (as a % of live weight) was greatest for Trt 1 and least for Trt 6 (P = 0.041). The WB score dropped from 1.83 in Trt 1 to 1.49, 1.27, 1.74, 1.53, and 1.43 in treatments 2 to 6, respectively (P = 0.018). These changes were the result of a shift in WB score, where the WB class that contained scores of 2 and 3 shifted from 61.3% in Trt 1 to 49.3, 35.9, 60.0, 50.8, and 38.7 in treatments 2 to 6, respectively. Given the FCR, breast weight data and the fact that high WB scores result in a devaluation of breast meat, feeding a higher ratio of dArg: dLys, higher vitamin C, or lower dAA in the grower phase results in better breast meat quality and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bodle
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - C Alvarado
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - R B Shirley
- Adisseo USA, Inc., Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA
| | - Y Mercier
- Adisseo France, SAS, Antony, 92160, France
| | - J T Lee
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Griffin JR, Moraes L, Wick M, Lilburn MS. Onset of white striping and progression into wooden breast as defined by myopathic changes underlying Pectoralis major growth. Estimation of growth parameters as predictors for stage of myopathy progression. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:2-13. [PMID: 28714747 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1356908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The broiler industry has incurred significant economic losses due to two muscle myopathies, white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB), affecting the Pectoralis major (P. major) of commercial broilers. The present study documented macroscopic changes occurring with age/growth in the P. major and P. minor muscles of commercial broilers from day 2 through day 46 (n = 27/day). Distinct myopathic aberrations observed in both breast muscles corresponded to the onset of WB. These distinct morphological changes were used as determinants in developing a ranking system, defining the ontogeny of WB as the following four stages: (1) WS, (2) petechial epimysium haemorrhages, (3) intramuscular haemorrhages and (4) ischaemia. A cumulative logit proportional odds model was used to relate the rank probabilities with the following growth parameters: body weight, P. major and P. minor weight/yield/length/width/depth. The best-fit model included P. major length/width/depth, P. minor width, P. major and P. minor yield as predictors for rank. Increasing P. major depth, P. minor width and P. major yield increased the odds of falling into higher ranks (more severe myopathy). Conversely, increasing P. major length, P. major width and P. minor yield increased the odds of falling into smaller ranks (less severe myopathy). This study describes the macroscopic changes associated with WB ontogeny in the development of a ranking system and the contribution of growth parameters in the determination of rank (WB severity). Results suggest that physical measurements inherent to selection for high-yielding broiler genotypes are contributing to the occurrence and severity of WS and WB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Moraes
- a Department of Animal Sciences , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Macdonald Wick
- a Department of Animal Sciences , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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Xing T, Zhao X, Cai L, Guanghong Z, Xu X. Effect of salt content on gelation of normal and wooden breast myopathy chicken pectoralis major
meat batters. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Ministry of Education; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Ministry of Education; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Linlin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Ministry of Education; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Zhou Guanghong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Ministry of Education; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control; Ministry of Education; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
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25
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Kuttappan V, Hargis B, Owens C. White striping and woody breast myopathies in the modern poultry industry: a review. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2724-2733. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Cruz RFA, Vieira SL, Kindlein L, Kipper M, Cemin HS, Rauber SM. Occurrence of white striping and wooden breast in broilers fed grower and finisher diets with increasing lysine levels. Poult Sci 2016; 96:501-510. [PMID: 27655901 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the prevalence and severity of white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) in breast fillets from broilers fed diets with increasing digestible Lysine (dLys) from 12 to 28 d (Exp. 1) and from 28 to 42 d (Exp. 2). Trials were sequentially conducted using one-d-old male, slow-feathering Cobb 500 × Cobb broilers, both with 6 treatments and 8 replicates. Increasing dLys levels were equally spaced from 0.77 to 1.17% in Exp. 1 and from 0.68 to 1.07% in Exp. 2. The lowest dLys diet was not supplemented with L-Lysine (L-Lys) in either one of the studies and all other essential amino acid (AA) met or exceeded current commercial recommendations such that their dietary concentrations did not limit broiler growth. Four birds per pen were randomly selected from each replication and processed at 35 and 42 d in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. Deboned breast fillets (Pectoralis major) were submitted to a 3 subject panel evaluation to detect the presence of WS and WB, as well as to provide scores of WS (0-normal, 1-moderate, 2-severe) and WB (0-normal, 1-moderate light, 2-moderate, 3-severe). Increasing the level of dLys had a positive effect on BW, carcass, and breast weight, as well as breast yield. White striping and WB prevalences were 32.3 and 85.9% in Exp. 1 and 87.1 and 89.2% in Exp. 2. Birds fed diets not supplemented with L-Lys had the lowest average WS and WB scores (0.22 and 0.78 in Exp. 1 and 0.61 and 0.68 in Exp. 2). White striping and WB presented linear responses to performance variables in Exp. 1, whereas quadratic responses were observed for all variables in Exp. 2. In conclusion, increasing the level of dLys improved growth performance and carcass traits as well as induced the occurrence and severity of WS and WB lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F A Cruz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - S L Vieira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - L Kindlein
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 8834, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - M Kipper
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - H S Cemin
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - S M Rauber
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
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Radaelli G, Piccirillo A, Birolo M, Bertotto D, Gratta F, Ballarin C, Vascellari M, Xiccato G, Trocino A. Effect of age on the occurrence of muscle fiber degeneration associated with myopathies in broiler chickens submitted to feed restriction. Poult Sci 2016; 96:309-319. [PMID: 27566729 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate muscle fiber degeneration (MFD) associated with white striping and wooden breast, pectoralis major of 192 broilers differing for genotype (standard vs. high breast yield), gender, and feeding regime (ad libitum vs. restricted rate 80% from 13 to 21 d of age) were sampled at 14, 21, 28, 35, and 46 d of age for histological analyses by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to evaluate tissue morphology, Masson's trichrome to identify collagen presence, and Oil red and Nile blue for lipid presence. Microvessels (diameter ≤15 μm), nuclei positive to anti-cleaved lamin A and monoclonal proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antisera were counted to assess apoptotic and regenerative processes, respectively. Significant differences were found according to feeding system, age, and their interactions. The frequency of chickens with MFD was higher with ad libitum than restricted feeding (75.0% vs. 62.5%; P = 0.01) and increased with age (18.8%, 28.1%, 75.1%, 96.9%, and 96.9% at 14, 21, 28, 35, and 46 d). However, at 14 d a similar frequency (18.8%) was found in all broilers; at 21 d, MFD occurred more in broilers fed ad libitum than in those under restriction (50.0% vs. 6.3%; P < 0.01); at 28 d differences were reduced (87.5% vs. 62.5%; P = 0.10) to disappear by 35 (100% and 93.8%) and 46 d (96.9% and 96.9%). The number of microvessels decreased with age (20.7 to 9.46; P < 0.001) and the number of nuclei positive to the anti-cleaved lamin A antibody increased. At histology, MFD at 46 d corresponded to loss of typical cross striations, massive necrotic process, degenerating fibers surrounded by inflammatory cells, scattered fibers in an abundant collagen-rich connective tissue, numerous adipose cells; necrotic fibers showed a high percentage of apoptotic nuclei, and regenerating fibers appeared positive to anti-PCNA antibody. In conclusion, MFD soon occurred after 2 wk of growth and increased dramatically within 28 d. Early feed restriction reduced MFD as long as animals were restricted, but no residual effect was recorded after re-alimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Radaelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Birolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - D Bertotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Gratta
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - C Ballarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - M Vascellari
- Italian Health Authority and Research Organization for Animal Health and Food Safety, Viale dell'Università 14, I-35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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28
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Bowker B, Zhuang H. Impact of white striping on functionality attributes of broiler breast meat. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1957-65. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Soglia F, Mudalal S, Babini E, Di Nunzio M, Mazzoni M, Sirri F, Cavani C, Petracci M. Histology, composition, and quality traits of chicken Pectoralis major muscle affected by wooden breast abnormality. Poult Sci 2016; 95:651-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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