1
|
Hansen VL, Kahl S, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Jiménez SC, Vaessen SFC, Schreier LL, Jenkins MC, Russell B, Miska KB. The effects of tributyrin supplementation on weight gain and intestinal gene expression in broiler chickens during Eimeria maxima-induced coccidiosis. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100984. [PMID: 33652244 PMCID: PMC7921011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is a feed additive that has been shown to have antibacterial properties and improve gut health in broilers. Here, we examined the performance and gene expression changes in the ileum of tributyrin–supplemented broilers infected with coccidia. Ninety-six, Ross 708 broilers were fed either a control corn–soybean–based diet (−BE) or a diet supplemented with 0.25% (w/w) tributyrin (+BE). Birds were further divided into groups that were inoculated with Eimeria maxima oocysts (EM) or sham-inoculated (C) on day 21 posthatch. At 7 d postinfection (7 d PI), the peak of pathology in E. maxima infection, tributyrin-supplemented birds had significantly improved feed conversion ratios (FCR, P < 0.05) and body weight gain (BWG, P < 0.05) compared with -BE-infected birds, despite both groups having similar feed intake (FI, P > 0.05). However, at 10 d post-infection (10 d PI) no significant effects of feed type or infection were observed. Gene expression in the ileum was examined for insights into possible effects of infection and tributyrin supplementation on genes encoding proteins related to immunity, digestion, and gut barrier integrity. Among immune-related genes examined, IL-1B and LEAP2 were only significantly affected at 7 d PI. Transcription of genes related to digestion (APN, MCT1, FABP2, and MUC2) were primarily influenced by infection at 7 d PI and tributyrin supplementation (FABP2 and MUC2) at 10 d PI. With exception of ZO1, tight junction genes were affected by either infection or feed type at 7 d PI. At 10 d PI, only CLDN1 was not affected by either infection or feed type. Overall tributyrin shows promise as a supplement to improve performance during coccidiosis in broiler chickens; however, its effect on gene expression and mode of action requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hansen
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Stephanie C Jiménez
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | - Lori L Schreier
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mark C Jenkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Beverly Russell
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Katarzyna B Miska
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun X, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Lin H. Rule of UA on Cardiac Myocytes Uric Acid Differently Influence the Oxidative Damage Induced by Acute Exposure of High Level of Glucose in Chicken Cardiac Myocytes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:602419. [PMID: 33426022 PMCID: PMC7785973 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uric acid (UA) is a potent scavenger of oxidants in mammalian and avian species. In humans, hyperglycemia with simultaneous hyperuricemia may exert additional damage to the cardiovascular system. Chickens naturally have hyperglycemia (10.1–11.0 mmol/L) and hyperuricemia (100–900 μmol/L), which makes them an interesting model. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UA on the oxidative damage induced by acute exposure of high level of glucose in chicken cardiac myocytes. Results: Cell viability and the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were decreased by glucose treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After acute exposure to high level of glucose (300 mM), a moderate level of UA (300 μM) increased cell viability and reduced TBARS and glutathione (GSH) content. Compared to the control or to independent high glucose (300 mM) or UA (1,200 μM) treatment, the concurrent treatment of high glucose and high UA significantly increased the TBARS, protein carbonyl contents, and ROS concentration, whereas it decreased the cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and GSH content. In the presence of high glucose and UA, the nucleic protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was decreased and the mRNA levels of the genes cat, sod1, sod2, gss, and gclc were downregulated. Conclusion: In conclusion, acute exposure of high level of glucose induced oxidative damage in the cardiac myocytes of chicken. The present result suggests that an adequate level of uric acid is helpful in alleviating the acute oxidative damage that is induced by high glucose, whereas the inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway by a high level of uric acid may render the cardiac myocytes more vulnerable to suffering from oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Witham MD, Clarke CL, Hutcheon A, Gingles C, Gandy S, Priba L, Nicholas RS, Cavin I, Sumukadas D, Struthers AD, George J. Effect of allopurinol on phosphocreatine recovery and muscle function in older people with impaired physical function: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2020; 49:1003-1010. [PMID: 32318695 PMCID: PMC7583523 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allopurinol has vascular antioxidant effects and participates in purinergic signalling within muscle. We tested whether allopurinol could improve skeletal muscle energetics and physical function in older people with impaired physical performance. Methods We conducted a randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial, comparing 20 weeks of allopurinol 600 mg once daily versus placebo. We recruited community-dwelling participants aged 65 and over with baseline 6-min walk distance of <400 m and no contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 20 weeks. The primary outcome was post-exercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery rate measured using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf. Secondary outcomes included 6-min walk distance, short physical performance battery (SPPB), lean body mass measured by bioimpedance, endothelial function and quality of life. Results In total, 124 participants were randomised, mean age 80 (SD 6) years. A total of 59 (48%) were female, baseline 6-min walk distance was 293 m (SD 80 m) and baseline SPPB was 8.5 (SD 2.0). Allopurinol did not significantly improve PCr recovery rate (treatment effect 0.10 units [95% CI, −0.07 to 0.27], P = 0.25). No significant changes were seen in endothelial function, quality of life, lean body mass or SPPB. Allopurinol improved 6-min walk distance (treatment effect 25 m [95% 4–46, P = 0.02]). This was more pronounced in those with high baseline oxidative stress and urate. Conclusion Allopurinol improved 6-min walk distance but not PCr recovery rate in older people with impaired physical function. Antioxidant strategies to improve muscle function for older people may need to be targeted at subgroups with high baseline oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle, UK
| | - Clare L Clarke
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Anita Hutcheon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Christopher Gingles
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephen Gandy
- Department of Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Lukasz Priba
- Department of Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Richard S Nicholas
- Department of Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Ian Cavin
- Department of Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Deepa Sumukadas
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Allan D Struthers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jacob George
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hassanpour H, Aghajani Z, Bahadoran S, Farhadi N, Nazari H, Kaewduangta W. Identification of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in ovary and uterus of laying hens under heat stress. Stress 2019; 22:387-394. [PMID: 30806126 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1574294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main stage in real-time quantitative PCR is a quantification of gene transcriptomes, in which suitable use of reliable reference genes is critical to normalize accurately. To determine the most stable reference genes in laying hens under heat stress, from a panel of nine typical candidate reference genes, the mRNA transcript of ACTB, HMBS, HPRT1, RPL13, RPL32, 18SrRNA, TBP, TFRC, and YWHAZ was evaluated in the ovary and uterus of both control and heat-stress groups of laying hens. Forty 23-week-old White Leghorn laying hens were housed in two rooms. The control (n = 20) and heat-stress (n = 20) groups were maintained at 21-23 °C and 36-38 °C for 8 weeks respectively. Analysis of this set of genes was done with BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder software programs to find the most stable ones. Candidate reference genes ranked in the uterus of heat-stress and control groups of hens included YWHAZ, HPRT1, HMBS, RPL13, TFRC, ACTB, TBP, RPL32, and 18SrRNA; those in the ovary were YWHAZ, HPRT1, TFRC, HMBS, RPL13, TBP, RPL32, ACTB, and 18SrRNA. The overall results indicated that the most stable genes are YWHAZ, HPRT1, HMBS, RPL13, TFRC, TBP, ACTB, RPL32, and 18SrRNA respectively. In addition, the combination of YWHAZ, HPRT1, and HMBS is suggested as the most stable reference group of genes for more accurate quantitative data normalization in the ovarian and uterine tissues of laying hens under control and heat stress conditions. Lay summary Heat stress influences the expression of many genes in the reproductive tissues of birds. Accurate evaluation of these changes via real-time quantitative PCR depends on the determination of reliable reference genes. In this study, nine candidate housekeeping genes were evaluated, and the most stable were YWHAZ, HPRT1, HMBS, RPL13, TFRC, TBP, ACTB, RPL32, and 18SrRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hassanpour
- a Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
- b Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Zahra Aghajani
- a Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Shahab Bahadoran
- c Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Navid Farhadi
- a Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Hasan Nazari
- b Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Waranyoo Kaewduangta
- d Department of Agricultural Technology Faculty of Technology , Mahasarakham University , Mahasarakham , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hassanpour H, Bahadoran S, Farhadfar F, Chamali ZF, Nazari H, Kaewduangta W. Identification of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in lung and heart of pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4048-4056. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|