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Idowu PA, Idowu AP, Zishiri OT, Mpofu TJ, Veldhuizen EJA, Nephawe KA, Mtileni B. Activity of Mannose-Binding Lectin on Bacterial-Infected Chickens-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030787. [PMID: 33808962 PMCID: PMC8000061 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the quest to combat bacterial-related diseases in chickens, different methods, of which some are less economical and less effective on the long-term, have been adapted. However, chickens possess mannose-binding lectin (MBL) which could be vital in managing pathogenic bacteria in chickens. MBL is one of the soluble proteins secreted by the chicken’s innate immune system which can be activated when chickens are exposed to chicken-related diseases. This review explains how mannose-binding lectin activation can help in fighting bacterial pathogens in chickens. This knowledge is believed to reduce incessant use of antibiotics and to assist in developing a profitable breeding program with less or no adverse effect on the chicken, human and the environment. Abstract In recent years, diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have profoundly impacted chicken production by causing economic loss in chicken products and by-product revenues. MBL (mannose-binding lectin) is part of the innate immune system (IIS), which is the host’s first line defense against pathogens. The IIS functions centrally by identifying pathogen-specific microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with the help of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Studies have classified mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as one of the PRR molecules which belong to the C-type lectin family. The protective role of MBL lies in its ability to activate the complement system via the lectin pathway and there seems to be a direct link between the chicken’s health status and the MBL concentration in the serum. Several methods have been used to detect the presence, the level and the structure of MBL in chickens such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) among others. The concentration of MBL in the chicken ranges from 0.4 to 35 µg/mL and can be at peak levels at three to nine days at entry of pathogens. The variations observed are known to depend on the bacterial strains, breed and age of the chicken and possibly the feed manipulation strategies. However, when chicken MBL (cMBL) becomes deficient, it can result in malfunctioning of the innate immune system, which can predispose chickens to diseases. This article aimed to discuss the importance and components of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in chickens, its mode of actions, and the different methods used to detect MBL. Therefore, more studies are recommended to explore the causes for low and high cMBL production in chicken breeds and the possible effect of feed manipulation strategies in enhancing cMBL production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Idowu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-71-042-3992
| | - Adeola P. Idowu
- Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Oliver T. Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Takalani J. Mpofu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Khathutshelo A. Nephawe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bohani Mtileni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
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Wattrang E, Eriksson H, Jinnerot T, Persson M, Bagge E, Söderlund R, Naghizadeh M, Dalgaard TS. Immune responses upon experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection of naïve and vaccinated chickens. Vet Res 2020; 51:114. [PMID: 32928307 PMCID: PMC7488726 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Erysipelas, a disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER), is an increasing problem in laying hens housed in cage-free systems. This study aimed to monitor immune responses during ER infection of naïve chickens and chickens vaccinated intra muscularly with a commercial inactivated ER vaccine. Chickens were infected intra muscularly with ER at 30 days of age and blood leukocyte counts, serum levels of mannose binding lectin (MBL) and ER-specific IgY were monitored until the experiment was terminated at day 15 after infection. ER was detected in blood from more chickens and at higher bacterial counts in the naïve group (day 1: 1 of 7 chickens; day 3: 6 of 6 chickens) than in the vaccinated group (day 1: 0 of 7 chickens; day 3: 1 of 6 chickens). During the acute phase of infection transient increases in circulating heterophil numbers and serum MBL levels were detected in all ER infected chickens but these responses were prolonged in chickens from the naïve group compared to vaccinated chickens. Before infection IgY titers to ER in vaccinated chickens did not differ significantly from those of naïve chickens but vaccinated chickens showed significantly increased IgY titers to ER earlier after infection compared to chickens in the naïve group. In conclusion, the ER infection elicited prompt acute innate responses in all chickens. Vaccinated chickens did not have high IgY titers to ER prior to infection but did however show lower levels of bacteraemia and their acute immune responses were of shorter duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wattrang
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helena Eriksson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jinnerot
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Persson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Bagge
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lindenwald DL, Lepenies B. C-Type Lectins in Veterinary Species: Recent Advancements and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145122. [PMID: 32698416 PMCID: PMC7403975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs), a superfamily of glycan-binding receptors, play a pivotal role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis of higher animals and humans. CTLs in innate immunity serve as pattern recognition receptors and often bind to glycan structures in damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. While CTLs are found throughout the whole animal kingdom, their ligand specificities and downstream signaling have mainly been studied in humans and in model organisms such as mice. In this review, recent advancements in CTL research in veterinary species as well as potential applications of CTL targeting in veterinary medicine are outlined.
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Lindenwald DL, Monteiro JT, Rautenschlein S, Meens J, Jung K, Becker SC, Lepenies B. Ovine C-type lectin receptor hFc-fusion protein library - A novel platform to screen for host-pathogen interactions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 224:110047. [PMID: 32325253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) are pattern recognition receptors which are important constituents of the innate immunity. However, their role has mostly been studied in humans and in mouse models. To bridge the knowledge gap concerning CTLRs of veterinary relevant species, a novel ovine CTLR hFc-fusion protein library which allows in vitro ligand identification and pathogen binding studies has been established. Its utility was tested with known ligands of corresponding murine CTLRs in ELISA- and flow cytometry based binding studies. The ovine CTLR-hFc library was subsequently used in a proof-of-principle pathogen binding study with the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. Some ovine CTLRs, such as Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR, Clec4a), Macrophage C-Type Lectin (MCL, Clec4d) and Myeloid Inhibitory C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor (MICL, Clec12a) were identified as possible candidate receptors whose role in Mycoplasma recognition can now be unraveled in further studies. This study thus shows the utility of this novel ovine CTLR-hFc fusion protein library to screen for CTLR/pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri L Lindenwald
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - João T Monteiro
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Becker
- Institute for Parasitology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany.
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The Control of Intestinal Inflammation: A Major Objective in the Research of Probiotic Strains as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020148. [PMID: 31973199 PMCID: PMC7074883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community. In a few decades, infections by resistant bacteria are forecasted to be the main cause of death in the world. The withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters and their preventive use in animal production is essential to avoid these resistances, but this may impair productivity and health due to the increase in gut inflammation. This reduction in productivity aggravates the problem of increasing meat demand in developing countries and limits the availability of raw materials. Probiotics are promising products to address this challenge due to their beneficial effects on microbiota composition, mucosal barrier integrity, and immune system to control inflammation. Although many modes of action have been demonstrated, the scientific community is not able to describe the specific effects that a probiotic should induce on the host to maximize both productivity and animal health. First, it may be necessary to define what are the innate immune pathways acting in the gut that optimize productivity and health and to then investigate which probiotic strain is able to induce the specific effect needed. This review describes several gaps in the knowledge of host-microbiota-pathogen interaction and the related mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response not demonstrated yet in poultry.
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dos Santos Silva PM, de Oliveira WF, Albuquerque PBS, dos Santos Correia MT, Coelho LCBB. Insights into anti-pathogenic activities of mannose lectins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:234-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alber A, Costa T, Chintoan-Uta C, Bryson KJ, Kaiser P, Stevens MP, Vervelde L. Dose-dependent differential resistance of inbred chicken lines to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli challenge. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:157-167. [PMID: 30570345 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1562154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) cause severe respiratory and systemic disease. To address the genetic and immunological basis of resistance, inbred chicken lines were used to establish a model of differential resistance to APEC, using strain O1 of serotype O1:K1:H7. Inbred lines 72, 15I and C.B12 and the outbred line Novogen Brown were inoculated via the airsac with a high dose (107 colony-forming units, CFU) or low dose (105 CFU) of APEC O1. Clinical signs, colibacillosis lesion score and bacterial colonization of tissues after high dose challenge were significantly higher in line 15I and C.B12 birds. The majority of the 15I and C.B12 birds succumbed to the infection by 14 h post-infection, whilst none of the line 72 and the Novogen Brown birds developed clinical signs. No difference was observed after low dose challenge. In a repeat study, inbred lines 72 and 15I were inoculated with low, intermediate or high doses of APEC O1 ranging from 105 to 107 CFU. The colonization of lung was highest in line 15I after high dose challenge and birds developed clinical signs; however, colonization of blood and spleen, clinical signs and lesion score were not different between lines. No difference was observed after intermediate or low dose challenge. Ex vivo, the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of lung leukocytes from line 72 and 15I birds did not differ. Our data suggest that although differential resistance of inbred lines 72, 15I and C.B12 to APEC O1 challenge is apparent, it is dependent on the infectious dose. Research Highlights Lines 15I and C.B12 are more susceptible than line 72 to a high dose of APEC O1. Differential resistance is dose-dependent in lines 15I and 72. Phagocytic and bactericidal activity is similar and dose independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Alber
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Taiana Costa
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Bryson
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Kaiser
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Stevens
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- a Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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8
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Ainslie-Garcia MH, Farzan A, Jafarikia M, Lillie BN. Single nucleotide variants in innate immune genes associated with Salmonella shedding and colonization in swine on commercial farms. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:171-177. [PMID: 29778193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne human salmonellosis is an important food safety concern worldwide. Food-producing animals are one of the major sources of human salmonellosis, and thus control of Salmonella at the farm level could reduce Salmonella spread in the food supply system. Genetic selection of pigs with resistance to Salmonella infection may be one way to control Salmonella on swine farms. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between genetic variants in the porcine innate immune system with on-farm Salmonella shedding and Salmonella colonization tested at slaughter. Fourteen groups of pigs (total 809) were followed from birth to slaughter. Fecal samples collected five times at different stages of production and tissue samples obtained from tonsil and lymph nodes at slaughter were cultured for Salmonella. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed for 40 single nucleotide variants and two indels within porcine innate immune genes that were previously associated with Salmonella infection or other infectious diseases. A survey was used to collect information on farm management practices. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression modelling method was used to identify SNVs that are associated with Salmonella shedding and/or Salmonella colonization. One single nucleotide variant in the C-type lectin MBL1 and one single nucleotide variant in the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor NOD1 was associated with increased risk of on-farm shedding (p = 0.010) and internal colonization tested at slaughter (p = 0.018), respectively. These findings indicate the potential of these variants for genetic selection programs aimed at controlling Salmonella shedding and colonization in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Mohsen Jafarikia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Center for Swine Improvement, Inc. 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Zhang W, Bouwman KM, van Beurden SJ, Ordonez SR, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP, Verheije MH, Veldhuizen EJA. Chicken mannose binding lectin has antiviral activity towards infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 2017; 509:252-259. [PMID: 28686880 PMCID: PMC7111670 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a collagenous C-type lectin, which plays an important role in innate immunity. It can bind to carbohydrates on the surface of a wide range of pathogens, including viruses. Here we studied the antiviral effect of recombinant chicken (rc)MBL against Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), a highly contagious coronavirus of chicken. rcMBL inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the infection of BHK-21 cells by IBV-Beaudette, as detected by immunofluorescence staining of viral proteins and qPCR. ELISA and negative staining electron microscopy showed that rcMBL bound directly to IBV, resulting in the aggregation of viral particles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MBL bound specifically to the spike S1 protein of IBV which mediates viral attachment. This subsequently blocked the attachment of S1 to IBV-susceptible cells in chicken tracheal tissues as shown in protein histochemistry. Taken together, rcMBL exhibits antiviral activity against IBV, based on a direct interaction with IBV virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Bouwman
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J van Beurden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - M Hélène Verheije
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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