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Yang S, Deng H, Zhu J, Shi Y, Luo J, Chen T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xi Q. Organic Trace Elements Improve the Eggshell Quality via Eggshell Formation Regulation during the Late Phase of the Laying Cycle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1637. [PMID: 38891684 PMCID: PMC11170995 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of eggshells is critical to the egg production industry. The addition of trace elements has been shown to be involved in eggshell formation. Organic trace elements have been found to have higher biological availability than inorganic trace elements. However, the effects of organic trace elements additive doses on eggshell quality during the laying period of commercial laying hens required further investigation. This experiment aims to explore the potential mechanisms of different doses of organic trace elements replacing inorganic elements to remodel the eggshell quality of egg-laying hens during the laying period. A total of 360 healthy hens (Lohmann Pink, 45-week-old) were randomly divided into four treatments, with six replications per treatment and 15 birds per replication. The dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with inorganic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet supplemented with organic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at 20% commercial levels (LOT), a basal diet supplemented with organic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at 30% commercial levels (MOT), and a basal diet supplemented with organic iron, copper, zinc and manganese at 40% commercial levels (HOT). The trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results of the experiment showed that the replacement of organic trace elements did not significantly affect the production performance of laying hens (p > 0.05). Compared with inorganic trace elements, the MOT and HOT groups improved the structure of the eggshells, enhanced the hardness and thickness of the eggshells, increased the Haugh unit of the eggs, reduced the proportion of the mammillary layer in the eggshell, and increased the proportion of the palisade layer (p < 0.05). In addition, the MOT and HOT groups also increased the enzyme activity related to carbonate transport in the blood, the expression of uterine shell gland-related genes (CA2, OC116, and OCX32), and the calcium and phosphorus content in the eggshells (p < 0.05). We also found that the MOT group effectively reduced element discharge in the feces and enhanced the transportation of iron (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30-40% organic micronutrients were able to improve eggshell quality in aged laying hens by modulating the activity of serum carbonate transport-related enzymes and the expression of eggshell deposition-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
- Guangdong Xingtengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Haibin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Yiru Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
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Lu J, Jiang DC, Ma M, Wang Q, Guo J, Wang XG, Dou TC, Li YF, Hu YP, Wang KH, Qu L. Effects of manganese glycine on eggshell quality, eggshell ultrastructure, and elemental deposition in aged laying hens. Animal 2024; 18:101126. [PMID: 38552601 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor eggshell quality of eggs laid by aged laying hens is the major problem affecting the length of the rearing period in the laying hen industry. Trace elements are required and play vital roles in the eggshell quality of laying hens. Appropriate dose of organic microelements is environmentally friendly and sufficient to satisfy the needs of hens because of their greater bioavailability and lower excretion than inorganic forms. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) glycine (MG) on eggshell quality, elemental deposition, and eggshell ultrastructure in aged laying hens. A total of 720 Hy-Line Brown hens 70 weeks old were assigned equally to four groups with six replicates of 30 birds each. The hens were fed basal diets (without Mn supplementation) supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Mn from manganese sulfate monohydrate (MSM), or 40, 80, or 120 mg/kg Mn from MG for 12 weeks. Dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg Mn from MG resulted in the greatest eggshell strength after 6 weeks of treatment (P = 0.047), and in greater eggshell strength than observed in the MSM control after 12 weeks of treatment (P = 0.025). After 12 weeks of treatment, the eggs of hens in the MG groups showed lower mammillary layer thickness in the blunt end, equator, and acute end than observed in the MSM control group (P < 0.001). With the exception of the blunt ends of eggs from hens in the 120 mg/kg MG group, the eggs of hens in the MG groups, compared with the MSM control group, exhibited a lower mammillary layer ratio, and greater palisade layer ratio and effective layer ratio in the blunt end, equator, and acute end (P < 0.001). Dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg Mn from MG, compared with the MSM control and 40 and 120 mg/kg MG, resulted in the greatest palisade layer thickness and effective layer thickness, and the lowest mammillary layer thickness in the equator (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, supplementation with 80 mg/kg Mn from MG exhibited the greatest ratio of the palisade layer and effective layer, and the lowest mammillary layer ratio in the blunt end and equator (all P < 0.001). The Mn content of eggshells in hens-fed diets supplemented with 80 and 120 mg/kg Mn from MG was greater than that in the MSM control and 40 mg/kg MG groups (P = 0.035). Dietary supplementation with 80 or 120 mg/kg Mn from MG resulted in greater tibia Mn content than observed in the 40 mg/kg MG group (P = 0.019), and greater yolk Mn content than observed in the 40 mg/kg MG and MSM control groups (P = 0.018). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg Mn from MG, compared with the MSM control (120 mg/kg Mn), may increase the deposition efficiency of Mn, alter eggshell elemental composition, improve eggshell ultrastructure, and enhance eggshell strength in aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - D C Jiang
- DeBon Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan 421500, China
| | - M Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Q Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - J Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X G Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - T C Dou
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Y F Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Y P Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - K H Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - L Qu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China.
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Mahato PL, Weatherby T, Ewell K, Jha R, Mishra B. Scanning electron microscope-based evaluation of eggshell quality. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103428. [PMID: 38301498 PMCID: PMC10847681 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The eggshell is the outermost covering of an egg that provides physical and chemical protection. It is a major source of calcium and minerals for the growing embryo during incubation. The egg industry suffers from a considerable economic loss due to poor eggshell quality. Therefore, developing an accurate and precise method of determining eggshell quality is crucial in improving eggshells in subsequent generations of breeding stock. Hence, this study aimed to develop a method to accurately and precisely determine 1) eggshell thickness using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 2) eggshell mineral components using an SEM-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) system. Four types of table eggs (N = 48; 12 eggs/group): Cage-Free Organic from the US Mainland (CFO-M) and Hawaii (CFO-H), Caged Non-Organic from the US Mainland (CNO-M), and Hawaii (CNO-H) were sourced from the grocery store. Approximately 0.5 mm2 pieces of eggshells from the equator region of the egg were taken and processed for visualization under the SEM. Three distinct layers of eggshell were identified under SEM: the outermost cuticle, the middle palisade, and the innermost mammillary region. The results showed that CFO-H eggs have a greater eggshell thickness (380.43 ± 2.69 µm) and effective thickness (306.28 ± 4.15 µm). Similarly, the mammillary knob count was denser in CNO-H eggs (186 ± 23.02 knobs/0.5 mm2). Calcium (97.36 ± 0.17%) was the highest among minerals in lower palisades (LP). The magnesium concentration was lowest in the LP region, whereas the phosphorus concentration was highest in the upper palisades. Our study established a scientific method to assess the eggshell quality and biochemical characteristics of eggs through SEM and EDS. This method can be used as a marker for selecting superior parent stock to improve eggshell quality in subsequent generations of breeding stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Lal Mahato
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical, Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tina Weatherby
- Biological Electron Microscope Facility, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kristen Ewell
- Biological Electron Microscope Facility, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical, Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical, Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Elnesr SS, Mahmoud BY, da Silva Pires PG, Moraes P, Elwan HAM, El-Shall NA, El-Kholy MS, Alagawany M. Trace Minerals in Laying Hen Diets and Their Effects on Egg Quality. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8. [PMID: 38424327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement in the egg industry sector, egg quality has assumed great significance in certain countries. Enhancements in the nutritional value of eggs may have direct affirmative consequences for daily nutrient intake and therefore for human health. Thus, affirmative improvement in egg quality boosts consumer preferences for eggs. Also, the improvement in eggshell quality can avoid the disposal of broken eggs and consequently economic losses. Therefore, poultry nutrition and mineral supplements have a significant impact on egg quality. Minerals are crucial in poultry feed for a number of biological processes, including catalytic, physiologic, and structural processes. For instance, they contribute to the biological processes necessary for forming and developing eggshells. To produce high-quality eggs for sale, diets must therefore contain the right amount of minerals. This review aims to highlight the role of both organic and inorganic minerals in improving egg quality, in addition to reviewing the interactions of mineral supplements with intestinal microbiota and subsequent effects on the egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | - Bothaina Y Mahmoud
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Campus Do ValeAv. Bento Gonçalves, 7712 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Moraes
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 Itacorub, Florianopolis, SC, 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Nahed Ahmed El-Shall
- Department Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, El-Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El-Kholy
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Li G, Feng Y, Cui J, Hou Q, Li T, Jia M, Lv Z, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Lv Z, Li J, Guo Y, Zhang B. The ionome and proteome landscape of aging in laying hens and relation to egg white quality. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2020-2040. [PMID: 37526911 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is essential for maintaining body function and health status by participating in diverse key biological processes. Nevertheless, the distribution and utilization of ionome among different organs and how aging impacts the ionome leading to a decline in egg white quality remain unknown. Thus, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze 35 elements and their isotopic contents in eight organs of laying hens at 35, 72, and 100 weeks. Moreover, the magnum proteome, amino acids in egg white, and egg white quality were analyzed in laying hens at three different ages using 4D proteomics techniques, an amino acid analyzer, and an egg quality analyzer. Across the organs, we identified varying distribution patterns among macroelements (Mg24, Ca43/44, K39, and P31), transition metals (Zn64/66, Cu63/65, Fe56/57, and Mn55), and toxic elements (Pb208, Ba137, and Sr86). We observed an organ-specific aging pattern characterized by the accumulation of toxic elements (Pb208, Ba137, and Sr86) and calcification in the small intestine. Additionally, a decrease in the utilization of essential trace elements selenium (Se78/82) and manganese (Mn55) was noted in the oviduct. By analyzing ionome in tandem with egg quality, egg white amino acids, and proteome, we unveiled that the reduction of selenium and manganese concentrations in the magnum during the aging process affected amino acid metabolism, particularly tryptophan metabolism, thereby inhibiting the amino acid synthesis in the magnum. Furthermore, it accelerated the senescence of magnum cells through necroptosis activation, leading to a decline in the albumen secretion function of the magnum and subsequently reducing egg white quality. Overall, this study provides insights into the evolution of 35 elements and their isotopes across 8 organs of laying hens with age. It also reveals the elemental composition, interactions, and utilization patterns of these organs, as well as their correlation with egg white quality. The present study highlights the significance of ionome and offers a comprehensive perspective on the selection of ionome for regulating the aging of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qihang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meiting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengtian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Sichuan Tieqilishi Industrial Co., Ltd., Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Sichuan Tieqilishi Industrial Co., Ltd., Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Sichuan Sundaily Farm Ecological Food Co., Ltd., Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junyou Li
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Selim S, Abdel-Megeid NS, Alhotan RA, Ebrahim A, Hussein E. Grape Pomace: Agrifood By-Product with Potential to Enhance Performance, Yolk Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Eggshell Ultrastructure in Laying Hens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:461. [PMID: 37505865 PMCID: PMC10384283 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is an industrial by-product of grape juice making and is commonly discarded as a waste product, even with its large quantity of phytochemicals. Thus, the objectives of this trial were to examine the effects of graded dietary GP on laying rate, egg quality, yolk lipid profile, oxidative stability, shell quality and ultrastructure, and serum biochemistry. Two hundred 35-week-old laying hens were allocated to four dietary treatments with ten replicates each. Four diets were formulated by mixing a standard basal diet with GP at 0 g/kg (control), 30 g/kg (GP3%), 60 g/kg (GP6%), and 90 g/kg (GP9%). Egg production percent, egg weight, and egg mass were linearly improved (p < 0.01) due to adding GP to the diets of laying hens. Eggs obtained from laying hens fed with GP diets had (p < 0.01; linear, p < 0.01) greater Haugh units, yolk color, albumen index, and yolk index than those of the control. The GP9% group had the greatest values (p < 0.05) for shell weight, thickness, and breaking strength. Electron microscopy scanning of eggshells indicated that the incremental dietary level of GP linearly augmented the thickness of the palisade layer but reduced both the mammillary layer and mammillary knob width (p < 0.01). Improved tibia-breaking strength and ash content were shown (p < 0.05) in the GP-fed laying hens. The dietary addition of GP by up to 90 g/kg linearly (p < 0.01) mitigated lipid oxidation and improved the antioxidant capacity in both the serum and stored eggs. A reduction in the percentages of saturated fatty acids was observed, while the contents of monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-3 fatty acids were augmented because of increasing dietary GP levels (p < 0.001). Additionally, the eggs obtained from laying hens fed on the GP6% and GP9% had lower yolk cholesterol content (p < 0.001); this effect was confirmed by linear and quadratic responses (p < 0.001). Laying hens on GP diets had lower (p < 0.01) serum hepatic enzymes, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein but greater high-density lipoprotein compared to the control. To sum up, the addition of GP in the layers' diets by up to 90 g/kg increased laying performance, enriched the yolk with beneficial fatty acids, enhanced antioxidant potential in yolk lipids, and improved shell quality and ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Nazema S Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Ebrahim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Eman Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
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Effects of Selenium Yeast on Egg Quality, Plasma Antioxidants, Selenium Deposition and Eggshell Formation in Aged Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050902. [PMID: 36899759 PMCID: PMC10000209 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal egg and eggshell quality are often deteriorated in aging laying hens, which causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Selenium yeast (SY), as an organic food additive, is utilized to enhance laying performance and egg quality. To extend the egg production cycle, effects of selenium yeast supplementation on egg quality, plasma antioxidants and selenium deposition in aged laying hens were evaluated. In this study, five hundred and twenty-five 76-week-old Jing Hong laying hens were fed a selenium-deficient (SD) diet for 6 weeks. After Se depletion, the hens were randomly divided into seven treatments, which included an SD diet, and dietary supplementation of SY and sodium selenite (SS) at 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mg/kg to investigate the effect on egg quality, plasma antioxidant capacity, and selenium content in reproductive organs. After 12 weeks of feeding, dietary SY supplementation resulted in higher eggshell strength (SY0.45) (p < 0.05) and lower shell translucence. Moreover, organs Se levels and plasma antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px activity) were significantly higher with Se supplementation (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis identified some key candidate genes including cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1 (CEMIP), ovalbumin (OVAL), solute carrier family 6 member 17 (SLC6A17), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and proenkephalin (PENK), and potential molecular processes (eggshell mineralization, ion transport, and eggshell formation) involved in selenium yeast's effects on eggshell formation. In conclusion, SY has beneficial functions for eggshell and we recommend the supplementation of 0.45 mg/kg SY to alleviate the decrease in eggshell quality in aged laying hens.
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Lu Z, Zeng N, Jiang S, Wang X, Yan H, Gao C. Dietary replacement of soybean meal by fermented feedstuffs for aged laying hens: effects on laying performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, follicle development, and biological parameters in a long-term feeding period. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102478. [PMID: 36696763 PMCID: PMC9879788 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented soybean meal (FSM) or fermented miscellaneous meal (FMM, cottonseed meal: coconut meal = at a 1:1 ratio) on the intestinal health, laying performance, egg quality, and follicle development of laying hens. A total of 1,008 54-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 7 treatment groups and fed a corn-soybean base diet in addition to 2%, 4%, and 8% FSM or FMM. The results showed that fermentation increased the contents of crude protein, amino acids (Ser, Gly, Cys, Leu, Lys, His, and Arg), and organic acids (butyric acid, citric acid, succinic acid) and decreased the contents of neutral and acid detergent fiber in the soybean and miscellaneous meals (P < 0.05). Compared with the results found for the control group, feeding with 4% FSM increased the egg production, egg mass and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feeding with 4% FMM increased the ADFI of laying hens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding with 8% FMM reduced the productive performance and laying performance, supplementation with 4% FSM increased the eggshell strength and weight, and 2 to 4% FSM increased the egg albumen height and Haugh unit (P < 0.05). Moreover, 2 to 8% FSM or 2 to 4% FMM enhanced the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and NDF for laying hens (P < 0.05). The relative weight, villus height, crypt depth, and villus:crypt ratio of the jejunum were higher in the 4% FSM- and FMM-fed groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occluding, and Claudin1), the intestinal stem cell marker Lgr5, and the proliferation cell marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was upregulated in the jejunum of laying hens fed 4% FSM and FMM (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the ovaries, and the number of small yellow follicles and large white follicles were elevated after 4% FSM or FMM supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were increased in the 4% FSM and FMM groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of laying hen feed with FSM and FMM improved the laying performance, egg quality, intestinal barrier function, and follicle development of aged laying hens, and 4% FSM supplementation was optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunqi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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de Solla SR, King LE, Gilroy ÈAM. Environmental exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and potential contribution to eggshell thinning in birds. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107638. [PMID: 36542999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormally thin eggshells can reduce avian reproductive success, and have caused rapid population declines. The best known examples of this phenomenon are the widespread population crashes in birds, mostly raptors, fish eating birds, and scavengers, caused by the pesticide DDT and its isomers in the 1960s. A variety of other chemicals have been reported to cause eggshell thinning. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are extensively and increasingly used in human and veterinary medicine, may be one particularly concerning group of chemicals that demonstrate an ability to impair eggshell development, based both on laboratory studies and on their known mechanism of action. In this review, we outline environmental and wildlife exposure to NSAIDs, describe the process of eggshell formation, and discuss pathways affected by NSAIDs. We list pharmaceuticals, including NSAIDs, and other compounds demonstrated to reduce eggshell thickness, and highlight their main mechanisms of action. Dosing studies empirically demonstrated that NSAIDs reduce eggshell thickness through cyclooxygenase inhibition, which suppresses prostaglandin synthesis and reduces the calcium available for the mineralization of eggshell. Using the US EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard, we show that NSAIDs are predicted to strongly inhibit cyclooxygenases. NSAIDs have been observed both in the putative diet of scavenging birds, and we report examples of NSAIDs detected in eggs or tissues of wild and captive Old World vultures. We suggest that NSAIDs in the environment represent a hazard that could impair reproduction in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Laura E King
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ève A M Gilroy
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
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10
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Khoshbin MR, Vakili R, Tahmasbi A. Manganese-methionine chelate improves antioxidant activity, immune system and egg manganese enrichment in the aged laying hens. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:217-225. [PMID: 36409287 PMCID: PMC9857133 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that supplementation of manganese (Mn) could alleviate the negative effects of age on egg quality in laying hens. However, limited information is available on compensatory ways in order to reduce the adverse effects of hen age on health and Mn deposition in the body. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic sources of Mn on antioxidant activity, immune system, liver enzymes, shell quality and Mn deposition in the tissues of older laying hens. METHODS A total of 250, 80-week-old Leghorn laying hens (w36) were allocated into five treatment groups with five replications in a completely randomised design. Treatments were control (without Mn supplementation), 100% Mn sulphate, 75% Mn sulphate + 25% organic Mn chelate, 50% Mn sulphate + 50% organic Mn chelate and 25% Mn sulphate + 75% organic Mn chelate. RESULTS The groups fed 50 and 75% organic Mn chelate exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio, as well as the maximum laying percentage, and egg weight and mass. Except to those fed 75% Mn sulphate, the hens received Mn supplements either as organic or inorganic, had higher immunoglobulin G and M compared with the control (p < 0.05). A significant elevation in the values of superoxide dismutase was observed in the hens receiving 50 and 75% organic Mn chelate when compared with the other treatments. The ALP activity decreased with increasing organic Mn chelate. Mn supplementation, either as organic or inorganic, increased Mn deposition in bone, egg yolk and shell, serum and liver. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with 50-75% Mn-methionine has the potential to replace Mn-sulphate in laying hens' diet for improving eggshell quality, Mn deposition in the eggshell, antioxidant capacity and immune response, as well as improving laying performance, egg weight and feed conversion ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKashmarIran
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11
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Liang Y, Xie G, Zhu M, Wang Z, Qu Q, Long Y, Lv Y, Peng J, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Wang W. Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extractive on antioxidant capacity, production performance, and immune mechanism of breeding pigeons under stress. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102350. [PMID: 36577268 PMCID: PMC9803782 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the large-scale and intensive development of pigeon breeding industry and the improvement of production level, stress factors have an important impact on the immune, antioxidant capacity, and productivity of pigeons. In this study, the extenuating effect of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Ligustrum lucidum (AEF) on the antioxidant, production performance, and immune mechanism was investigated in breeding pigeons. Eighty pairs of 11-month-old healthy breeding pigeons with the same egg production batch were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group), treated with AEF (AEF group), in restraint stress (S group) and treated with AEF and in restraint stress (S+AEF group). Results showed that AEF reduces weight loss during lactation and increases spleen weight, increased IgA, IgG, T4, GSH-Px, and SOD in serum and decreased T3 and MDA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with AEF declined HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, GR levels in liver and cFOS, GR mRNA levels in the Hypothalamus, GR mRNA levels in the pituitary (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the intestine studies showed that AEF promoted relative abundances of Firmicutes and relieve intestinal injury in the colon of pigeons. These results indicated AEF enhanced stress resistance, immunity, production performance and antioxidant capacity of pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yayan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Qing Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yifei Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Jie Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yaohui Yuan
- Shenyang Weijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110027, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China,Corresponding author:
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12
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Li C, Li X, Li P, Wei B, Zhang C, Zhu X, Zhang J. Sodium humate alters the intestinal microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, eggshell ultrastructure, and egg performance of old laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:986562. [PMID: 36311664 PMCID: PMC9597201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sodium humate supplementation on changes in the intestinal microbiome, intestinal short-chain fatty acids production, and trace element absorption in older laying hens, with consequent effects on egg performance and shell quality. We used the same hens as their own control; a total of 720 laying hens aged 422 days were randomly divided into three replicates, with the CON group fed a commercial diet at 422–441 days of age and the HANa group fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0.05% sodium humate at 442–461 days of age. Compared with the CON group, in the HANa group, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased, whereas, Firmicutes was significantly decreased. Further, Veillonella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Turricibacter significantly decreased, and Peptoniphilus, Helcococcus, GW-34, Psychrobacter, Anaerococcus, Corynebacterium, Facklamia, Trichococcus, Gallicola, Clostridium, and Oscillospira were significantly increased. The results showed that sodium humate significantly altered the alpha and beta diversity and changed the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Acetic acid, isovaleric acid, and isobutyric acid, among short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased in the HANa group, whereas trace elements such as Mn, Zn, and Fe were significantly reduced. The eggshell strength and ultrastructure were significantly altered. In this study, sodium humate was found to alter the intestinal microbiome structure of aged hens, change the production of short-chain fatty acids, and promote the absorption of trace elements to keep aged hens from experiencing a decrease in egg production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China,Xiaoling Zhu
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jie Zhang
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13
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Noetzold T, Vieira S, Horn R, de Freitas CR, Fireman A. Improved offspring performance of broiler breeder hens fed amino acid complexed trace minerals. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Noetzold T, Vieira S, Xavier B, Olabarriaga Y, Fireman A. Supplemental effects of amino acid-complexed trace minerals on broiler breeder hen performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chen X, Ma XM, Yang CW, Jiang SZ, Huang LB, Li Y, Zhang F, Jiao N, Yang WR. Low Level of Dietary Organic Trace Elements Improve the Eggshell Strength, Trace Element Utilization, and Intestinal Function in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:903615. [PMID: 35711798 PMCID: PMC9197127 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.903615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) on performance, egg quality, trace elements utilization, and intestinal function in late-phase laying hens. A total of 1,080 laying hens (Hy-line brown, 65 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replications of 45 layers each. The basal diet was prepared without adding exogenous trace elements. The control group was fed with a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg of inorganic trace elements. The three treatment groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 300, 450, and 600 mg/kg organic trace elements (OTE300, 450, and 600), respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance among all treatments. However, OTE450 significantly improved the eggshell strength of laying hens (p < 0.05), but had no significant effects on haugh unit, egg yolk weight, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness, compared with other groups. Moreover, compared with the control group, OTE450 significantly increased the contents of copper, iron, and zinc in serum (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, all of the trace elements had a lower deposition in the feces in organic trace elements groups (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed that the addition of organic trace elements could significantly improve the villus height and villus concealment ratio (p < 0.05). In addition, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), zinc transporter 1 (ZnT-1), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) were the highest in the OTE450 group. In conclusion, OTE450 could improve egg quality, intestinal function, and trace element utilization efficiency. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of low levels of organic trace elements in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiang-ming Ma
- Dongying Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Dongying, China
| | - Chong-Wu Yang
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shu-zhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Li-bo Huang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiao
| | - Wei-ren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Wei-ren Yang
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Huang X, Li K, Ruan D, Xia W, Wang S, Chen W, Zheng C. Comparative effects of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, tibial characteristics, serum biochemical indices, and fecal Mn excretion of laying ducks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Jin Y, Zhuang Z, Huang X, Li K, Wang S, Xia W, Ruan D, Wang S, Zheng C, Chen W. Dietary zinc supplementation affects eggshell quality and ultrastructure in commercial laying ducks by influencing calcium metabolism. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101539. [PMID: 34823167 PMCID: PMC8628011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated dietary Zn supplementation on productive performance, eggshell quality and ultrastructure, and calcium metabolism during eggshell formation in laying ducks. A total of 360 Longyan laying ducks (45-wk) were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 12 birds each and fed for 20 wk. The 6 treatments fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 20, 40, 80, or 160 mg Zn/kg (ZnSO4·H2O). Dietary supplemental level at 80 mg/kg increased egg production (4.3%) and mass (5.7%), and decreased FCR (2.9%) compared to the basal diet, and these indices increased quadratically with increasing Zn supplemental levels (P < 0.05). The shell breaking strength (15.8%) and fracture toughness (10.6%) were higher with the supplementation of Zn at 80 mg/kg than the basal diet, and increased quadratically with Zn supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of Zn at 80 mg/kg improved shell ultrastructure by increasing total (9.0%) and effective thickness (14.2%) and decreasing mammillary thickness (12.0%), and their responses were quadratic with increasing Zn levels (P < 0.05). The supplementation of Zn affected the calcium contents in plasma, tibias and ulna, ulna phosphorus content, and linear and quadratic effects were observed, and higher values were observed with 160 mg/kg Zn supplementation than control (P < 0.05). The supplemental Zn level at 80 mg/kg increased shell effective thickness in growth stage (P < 0.05), and shell calcium and phosphorus content in initial and growth stages (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn supplementation did not affect the gene expression of Ca2+ transporters in the eggshell gland, but affected the expression of HCO3- exchanger in initial and growth stage (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary Zn supplementation could improve productive performance and shell quality in laying ducks at late phase of production, and calcium metabolism and deposition were modulated by Zn influencing HCO3- secretion and thus affecting shell ultrastructure and quality. A supplemental level of 80 mg/kg Zn in the diet with a basal content of 34.0 mg/kg was optimal, and higher level (160 mg/kg) decreased shell calcium deposition by depressing its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanzhong Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongyan Jin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhuang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kaichao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Zhang KK, Han MM, Dong YY, Miao ZQ, Zhang JZ, Song XY, Feng Y, Li HF, Zhang LH, Wei QY, Xu JP, Gu DC, Li JH. Low levels of organic compound trace elements improve the eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and mineral deposition of aged laying hens. Animal 2021; 15:100401. [PMID: 34794097 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the egg production industry, trace elements are required as additional dietary supplements to play vital roles in performance and egg quality. Compared to inorganic microelements (ITs), appropriate dose of organic trace microelements (OTs) are environmentally friendly and sufficient to satisfy the needs of hens. In order to evaluate the extent to which low-dose OTs replace whole ITs, the effects of organic copper, zinc, manganese, and iron compound on the performance, eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and mineral deposition of old laying hens were investigated. A total of 1 080 57-week-old Jing Hong laying hens were assigned to five groups with six replicates of 36 layers each for an 8-week experimental period. The birds were fed either a basal diet (control treatment (CT)) or the basal diet supplemented with commercial levels of inorganic trace elements (IT 100%) or the equivalent organic trace elements at 20%, 30%, and 50% of the inorganic elements (OT 20%, OT 30%, and OT 50%, respectively). Results showed that compared with those in the CT treatment, feeding hens with inorganic or organic microelement diet had significant effects on the eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and mineral deposition of old laying hens (P < 0.05). The eggshell strength and ratio between OT 30%, OT 50%, and IT 100% were similar at weeks 4 and 8, and the eggshell thickness of these groups was also similar at weeks 6 and 8. At week 8, the eggshell colour in OT 50% was darker than that in IT 100%. The mineral content in the eggshells of OT 50% and IT 100% significantly increased (P < 0.001), with no significant difference in effective thickness, mammillary thickness, and mammillary knob width between groups. There were no differences in the malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase activity in serum between OT 30%, OT 50%, and IT100%. While the catalase activities, the interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations in serum were not significantly different between OT 50% and IT 100%. The mineral contents in the faeces of the organic groups were considerably reduced compared with those in IT 100% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30-50% organic compound microelements has the potential to replace 100% inorganic microelements in the hen industry for improving eggshell quality, mineral deposition in the eggshell, antioxidant capacity, and immune function, and reducing emissions to the environment without negative effects on laying performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - M M Han
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Y Y Dong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Z Q Miao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - J Z Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - X Y Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Y Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - H F Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - L H Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Q Y Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - J P Xu
- DeBon Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan 421500, China
| | - D C Gu
- DeBon Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Hunan 421500, China
| | - J H Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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Dos Santos EO, Freitas ER, Nepomuceno RC, Watanabe PH, Souza DH, Fernandes DR, de Abreu Freitas C, do Nascimento GAJ, Aguiar GC, de Melo MCA. Organic zinc and manganese and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol improves eggshell thickness in late-phase laying hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:529. [PMID: 34727238 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic micromineral zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in late-phase laying hens' diets on performance, egg quality, lipid stability of fresh and stored eggs, and bone quality. The treatments were a basal diet and diets supplemented with 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet; 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet and 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; 1500 IU 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg diet; 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet; 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; and 1500 IU 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg diet. On performance, the birds supplemented with organic manganese had the lowest feed intake. Regarding egg quality, the birds supplemented with Zn-Met and Mn-Met, with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone, and with Zn-Met, Mn-Met and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol presented a greater eggshell thickness than those receiving the basal diet. Lipid stability of the yolk varied only according to storage time. No effect of supplementation was observed on bone quality. Supplementation with Zn-Met and Mn-Met, or associated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone, improved eggshell thickness in aged white layers. However, the associated or isolated supplementation with these nutrients did not influence performance, lipid stability of fresh and stored egg yolk or bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Davyd Herik Souza
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Germana Costa Aguiar
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
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Jiang Q, Sun J, He Y, Ma Y, Zhang B, Han Y, Wu Y. Hydroxychloride trace elements improved eggshell quality partly by modulating uterus histological structure and inflammatory cytokines expression in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101453. [PMID: 34624774 PMCID: PMC8503664 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of dietary zinc, copper, and manganese hydroxychloride (HC) supplementation on performance, minerals deposition, serum parameters, eggshell ultrastructure, uterus histological structure, and inflammatory cytokines in aged hens. A total of 560 Hyline Brown layers at 62 wk of age were randomly allotted into 3 groups (CON, basal diet without extra minerals supplemented; Sulphate and HC, basal diet with sulphate or hydroxychloride zinc, copper, and manganese supplementation at levels of 80, 15, and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The trial lasted for 16 wk consisting of 4 wk depletion period and 12 wk testing period. The results indicated that dietary hydroxychloride trace elements increased egg weight (P < 0.05) when compared with CON group and improved average Haugh unit and albumen height (P < 0.05) when compared with Sulphate group from 70 to 73 wk. Trace element supplementation significantly increased eggshell strength, ceruloplasmin content in serum, and modified crystallographic structure of eggshell (P < 0.05) that included effective layer height, palisade height, mammillary layer width, and mammillary internal area ratio, but the results did not differ regarding the trace mineral sources used. Furthermore, hens fed with hydroxychloride trace element showed the highest mucosal fold height (P < 0.05) and epithelial height (P = 0.053) in eggshell gland, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and IL-22 (P = 0.094). It is concluded that supplementation of Zn, Cu, and Mn mixture modified eggshell quality partly through enhancing histological structure and immune responses of uterus. Hydroxychloride source of Zn, Cu, and Mn excelled sulphate in its beneficial effects for birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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21
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Jin Y, Wang S, Huang X, Li K, Xia W, Ruan D, Wang S, Chen W, Zheng C. Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101573. [PMID: 34847529 PMCID: PMC8637142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the changes in eggshell mechanical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation between laying ducks in the peak (young duck) and late phase (aged duck) of production. A total of 84 healthy young (31 wk of age) and 84 healthy aged (65 wk of age) Longyan laying ducks were each divided into 6 replicates of 14 birds, and caged individually. All the ducks were fed in one house with the same corn-soybean meal-based diet for 5 wk. The eggshell mechanical properties (shell proportion, thickness, breaking strength, and fracture toughness) and chemical components (matrix proteins, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05). Shell structural indices: total thickness, effective thickness and its proportion decreased, whereas mammillary knob width and its proportion increased (P < 0.05). The regulation values of early fusion, cuffing, caps, and total score of mammillary knobs were higher in aged laying ducks relative to the young ducks (P < 0.05). During the initial, growth and terminal stages of eggshell formation, shell thickness and breaking strength (terminal), shell weight, and its proportion (terminal) decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural changes during shell formation indicated that the mammillary-knob density and effective thickness decreased (P < 0.05). Decreases occurred in serum content of phosphorus (growth), and estradiol and calcium contents (terminal) (P < 0.05). Relative expression of Ca2+ transporter and HCO3− exchanger, and matrix proteins genes decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05) at all stages of eggshell formation. Collectively, the decreased incidence of early fusion and caps, increased thickness and width of mammillary knobs, and decreased effective thickness are the crucial differences leading to the compromised mechanical properties of eggshell in the late laying period. A disturbed regulation of calcium metabolism and uterine expression of ion transporters, especially for HCO3− exchange of aged laying ducks likely contribute to age-induced ultrastructural deterioration of the eggshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanzhong Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongyan Jin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kaichao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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22
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Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and essential oil complex on productive performance, egg quality, and uterus antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101410. [PMID: 34587537 PMCID: PMC8482040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (HDV) and essential oils (EO) on the uterus antioxidant capacity, egg quality, and eggshell ultrastructure in laying hens. A total of 400 48-wk-old Lohmann laying hens were randomly allocated into 2 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with a combination of 69 μg/kg HDV and EO (including 200 mg/kg thymol and 50 mg/kg carvacrol) for 12 wk. There are 10 replicates of 20 hens each. Compared with the control, dietary HDV+EO supplementation improved (P < 0.05) egg production rate, feed efficiency, eggshell thickness and strength, and decreased (P < 0.05) the translucent egg score. Ultrastructural changes indicated that dietary HDV+EO supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) mammillary knob width, mammillary thickness and the proportion of mammillary thickness, and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of effective thickness and total thickness of the eggshells compared with the control. Supplementation with HDV+EO complex led to higher serum HDV concentration and increased antioxidant capacity in the uterus, indicated by higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase [CAT], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], and glutathione S-transferases [GST]) and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Therefore, dietary HDV and EO complex (including thymol and carvacrol) supplementation can improve the productive performance and the eggshell quality in laying hens, and the improving effect on eggshell quality may through enhancing eggshell ultrastructure and antioxidant capacity of uterus.
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Lv H, Tang Y, Zhang H, Li S, Fan Z. Astragalus polysaccharide supplementation improves production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical index and gut microbiota in Chongren hens. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13550. [PMID: 33899985 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to determine whether the astragalus polysaccharide (AP) can improve the production performance and gut microbiota in Chongren hens.120 Chongren hens (240-d old) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 30 hens and fed with a control basal diet (CON) or CON supplemented with the different levels of AP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 56 d. The egg production and feed conversion ratio were decreased (p < .05) with the levels of AP. The yolk weight, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell redness index and egg shell yellowness were increased (p < .05). AP supplementation increased CAT and T-AOC and SOD, and decreased MDA (p < .05). Supplementation of AP decreased IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (p < .05), but increased the IL-4 level in the liver (p < .05). The villus heights of duodenum, jejunum ileum, the crypt depth and V/C in the jejunum were increased (p < .05). Dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg AP increased (P relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacteriaceae in the cecum of Chongren hens. In conclusion, addition of AP improved the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant function, and intestinal morphology in hens, which might be associated with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
| | - Siming Li
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
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24
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Fu Y, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Zhou JM, Qi GH, Wang J. Dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate or sodium sulfate affects eggshell quality by altering ultrastructure and components in laying hens. Animal 2021; 15:100163. [PMID: 33485831 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary sodium (Na) levels were related to the content of the eggshell matrix. We therefore speculated that dietary Na supplementation as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) may improve eggshell quality. Additionally, dietary NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 supplementation may further affect eggshell quality in different ways due to differences in anions. This study investigated and compared the effects of dietary Na supplementation in either NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 form on laying performance, eggshell quality, ultrastructure and components in laying hens. A total of 576 29-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments that were fed a Na-deficient basal diet (0.07% Na, 0.15% Cl) supplemented with Na2SO4 or NaHCO3 at 0.08, 0.18, 0.23 or 0.33% Na for 12 weeks. No differences were observed in laying production performance with dietary Na supplementation. Dietary Na supplementation resulted in quadratic increases of eggshell breaking strength in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups (P < 0.05), and Na2SO4-fed groups had a quadratic increase in the eggshell ratio at week 12 (P < 0.05). Compared with supplementing 0.08% Na, dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na increased the effective thickness (P < 0.05) in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups, but decreased the thickness and knob width of the mammillary layer (P < 0.05). A linear increase on the calcium content of the shell was only observed with Na supplementation from NaHCO3 (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in Na contents of the shell with dietary Na supplemented by both sources. Dietary Na addition had a quadratic increase on uronic acid contents of shell membrane in NaHCO3-fed groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of shell membranes increased linearly with dietary Na supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na from Na2SO4 increased the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with NaHCO3-fed groups, Na2SO4-fed groups had higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight ratio, effective thickness and the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell at week 12. Overall, dietary supplementation of NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 could increase eggshell breaking strength, which may be related to increased sulfated GAG contents in eggshell membranes and improved ultrastructure. Higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness and eggshell ratio could be obtained when the diet was supplemented with 0.23% Na from Na2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J M Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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25
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Tan GH, Li JZ, Zhang YY, You MF, Liao CM, Zhang YG. Association of PRKCA expression and polymorphisms with layer duck eggshell quality. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:8-16. [PMID: 32893664 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1817329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Eggshell quality is important for the poultry industry. Calcium is deposited during eggshell formation, and protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA) is involved in transmembrane transport of calcium ions in cells. However, the biological function of PRKCA in poultry is still not understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association of mRNA expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PRKCA gene with eggshell quality in laying ducks. 2. The mRNA expression and SNPs of the PRKCA gene were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and sequencing of PCR products in 45-week-old female Sansui ducks, which is a high production layer duck breed in China. The association of mRNA expression and SNPs in the PRKCA gene with layer duck eggshell traits was analysed using SPSS (v18.0) software. 3. The results demonstrated that PRKCA mRNA was widely expressed in all examined tissues, and expression was highest in kidney and lowest in the gizzard. Furthermore, the PRKCA mRNA level in uterus was significantly positively correlated with eggshell strength and eggshell weight (P < 0.05). Three novel SNPs, the synonymous mutations of g.9571770 T > C in exon 5, g.9583222 C > T and g.9583227 G > A in exon 7, were found in the PRKCA gene, giving four haplotypes and 10 diplotypes, which affected the mRNA secondary structure and free energy. The g.9583222 C > T and g.9583227 G > A mutations were significantly associated with eggshell strength (P < 0.05). Diplotype H1H1 was advantageous for increasing the strength and thickness of an eggshell. 4. In conclusion, the study showed that the mRNA transcription and genetic variation in the PRKCA gene could significantly affect the strength of duck eggshell and that the PRKCA gene is an important candidate gene for improving eggshell quality in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - M F You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - C M Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Zhang
- Tiantang Town Agricultural Technology Management Station , Tongren City, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhang YN, Wang S, Huang XB, Li KC, Chen W, Ruan D, Xia WG, Wang SL, Abouelezz KFM, Zheng CT. Estimation of dietary manganese requirement for laying duck breeders: effects on productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, tibial characteristics, and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5752-5762. [PMID: 33142493 PMCID: PMC7647759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at estimating the dietary manganese (Mn) requirement for laying duck breeders. A total of 504 Longyan duck breeders (body weight: 1.20 ± 0.02 kg) aged 17 wk were randomly allocated to 6 treatments. The birds were fed with a basal diet (Mn, 17.5 mg/kg) or diets supplemented with 20, 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg of Mn (as MnSO4·H2O) for 18 wk. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 14 ducks each. As a result of this study, dietary Mn supplementation did not affect the productive performance of laying duck breeders in the early laying period (17–18 wk), but affected egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 19 to 34 wk (P < 0.05), and there was a linear and quadratic effect of supplement level (P < 0.05). The proportion of preovulatory ovarian follicles increased (P < 0.01) linearly and quadratically, and atretic follicles (weight and percentage) decreased (P < 0.05) quadratically with dietary Mn supplementation. The density and breaking strength of tibias increased (quadratic; P < 0.05), the calcium content of tibias decreased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.01), and Mn content increased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001) with increase in Mn. The addition of Mn had a quadratic effect on serum contents of estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.001). Dietary Mn supplementation decreased serum contents of total protein (linear, P < 0.05), glucose (quadratic, P < 0.05), total bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calcium (linear, quadratic; P < 0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity and total and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase activities increased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001), and malondialdehyde content decreased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001) in response to Mn supplemental levels. The dietary Mn requirements, in milligram per kilogram for a basal diet containing 17.5 mg/kg of Mn, for Longyan duck breeders from 19 to 34 wk of age were estimated to be 84.2 for optimizing egg production, 85.8 for egg mass, and 95.0 for FCR. Overall, dietary Mn supplementation, up to 160 mg/kg of feed, affected productive performance, tibial characteristics, and serum biochemical and antioxidant status of layer duck breeders. Supplementing this basal diet (17.5 mg/kg of Mn) with 85 to 95 mg/kg of additional Mn was adequate for laying duck breeders during the laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - X B Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - K C Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - S L Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - K F M Abouelezz
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride. Poult Sci 2019; 99:966-973. [PMID: 32036988 PMCID: PMC7587689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary chloride (Cl) levels on performance, eggshell mechanical quality, and ultrastructure in layers based on the substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) by sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Three hundred sixty Jing Brown laying hens aged 43 wk were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with corn–soybean meal diets containing 0.06, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25% total Cl inclusion. Every group had 8 replicates of 9 birds each. The feeding trial lasted for 12 wk. The results showed dietary 0.06% Cl due to complete substitution of NaCl by Na2SO4, depressed performance (P < 0.05) from 45 to 54 wk of age, increased serum creatinine level (P < 0.05), and caused visible renal tubular atrophy. Dietary Cl levels quadratically affected breaking strength, thickness, and weight of eggshell (P < 0.05). Better eggshell quality could be obtained when NaCl was partly replaced by Na2SO4 in laying hen diets maintaining Cl level at 0.10 or 0.15%. Moreover, the eggshell ash content was affected by Cl levels in a quadratic (P < 0.001) manner, with higher values observed in the 0.10 and 0.15% Cl groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the eggshell ultrastructural data showed that the total thickness and effective thickness significantly increased (P < 0.05) and mammillary thickness decreased (P < 0.05) in the group of dietary 0.15% Cl compared with the groups of 0.06 and 0.25% Cl. In conclusion, the complete substitution of dietary NaCl by Na2SO4 may induce Cl deficiency and depress laying performance and eggshell quality. Na2SO4 could partly replace NaCl in diets for laying hens (43–54 wk of age) without adverse effects on performance at the dietary Cl level from 0.10 to 0.25%. Better eggshell quality could be obtained when NaCl was partly replaced by Na2SO4 in laying hen diets maintaining Cl level at ∼0.15%.
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Huang L, Li X, Wang W, Yang L, Zhu Y. The Role of Zinc in Poultry Breeder and Hen Nutrition: an Update. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:308-318. [PMID: 30767181 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral in breeder hen diets and functions in diverse physiological processes, including reproduction, immunity, antioxidant ability, and epigenetic processes. In this paper, five main aspects of Zn nutrition in poultry breeder birds and hens, including semen quality, molting, egg production and egg quality, hatchability and embryonic development, and offspring performance, are reviewed. Zn deficiency in poultry breeder birds led to lower semen quality (reducing around 10% sperm motility) and egg production (lowering 3-10 g/day/bird egg mass) as well as poor offspring development and growth performance (increasing 9-10% weak chick ratio and 10% mortality of progeny). Adequate maternal or higher Zn supplementation was adopted not only to induce molting with a greater postmolt performance (rising 4-7% laying rate) but also to enhance progeny immune response and antioxidant ability via epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to reevaluate the optimal Zn requirement for egg production as well as the embryonic development and offspring chick performance of breeder hens. In the last 10 years, greater attention has been focused on the effectiveness of organic Zn for improving the reproductive performance of breeders and progeny viability and immune status. In fact, organic Zn sources are not always beneficial to the above aspects. So far, it has been very important to know the exact mechanisms of greater bioavailability and the epigenetic role of organic Zn sources in the augmentation of immune status and antioxidant abilities in poultry breeder birds and offspring. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of these key points will not only aid in maintaining the beneficial effects of Zn nutrition for breeders and their progeny under stable conditions but will also support birds under stressful conditions such as disease as well as provide a better understanding of the integrated nutrition of breeder-offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Qiu J, Lu X, Ma L, Hou C, He J, Liu B, Yu D, Lin G, Xu J. Low-dose of organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without compromising performance of laying hens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:588-596. [PMID: 31480181 PMCID: PMC7054597 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. METHODS A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. RESULTS Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. CONCLUSION These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xintao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianxiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuanchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junna He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cui YM, Zhang HJ, Zhou JM, Wu SG, Zhang C, Qi GH, Wang J. Effects of long-term supplementation with amino acid-complexed manganese on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and organ histopathology in laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang J, Qi G. Dietary manganese supplementation affects mammillary knobs of eggshell ultrastructure in laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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