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Field D, Fernandez de Ullivarri M, Ross RP, Hill C. After a century of nisin research - where are we now? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad023. [PMID: 37300874 PMCID: PMC10257480 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly modified pentacyclic peptide has not only found success in the food industry as a preservative but has also served as the paradigm for our understanding of the genetic organization, expression, and regulation of genes involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis-one of the few cases of extensive post-translation modification in prokaryotes. Recent developments in understanding the complex biosynthesis of nisin have shed light on the cellular location of the modification and transport machinery and the co-ordinated series of spatio-temporal events required to produce active nisin and provide resistance and immunity. The continued unearthing of new natural variants from within human and animal gastrointestinal tracts has sparked interest in the potential application of nisin to influence the microbiome, given the growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches have taken advantage of biotechnological advancements to bioengineer nisin to produce novel variants and expand nisin functionality for applications in the biomedical field. This review will discuss the latest progress in these aspects of nisin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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2
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Abreu R, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Cunha E, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Poultry Production: Current Status and Innovative Strategies for Bacterial Control. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040953. [PMID: 37110376 PMCID: PMC10141167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population’s significant increase has promoted a higher consumption of poultry products, which must meet the specified demand while maintaining their quality and safety. It is well known that conventional antimicrobials (antibiotics) have been used in livestock production, including poultry, as a preventive measure against or for the treatment of infectious bacterial diseases. Unfortunately, the use and misuse of these compounds has led to the development and dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance, which is currently a serious public health concern. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are on the rise, being responsible for serious infections in humans and animals; hence, the goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of antimicrobial drug resistance in poultry production, focusing on the current status of this agroeconomic sector. Novel bacterial control strategies under investigation for application in this industry are also described. These innovative approaches include antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, probiotics and nanoparticles. Challenges related to the application of these methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Abreu
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Zamojska D, Nowak A, Nowak I, Macierzyńska-Piotrowska E. Probiotics and Postbiotics as Substitutes of Antibiotics in Farm Animals: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123431. [PMID: 34944208 PMCID: PMC8697875 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breeders are searching for methods to protect farming animals against diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The easiest way to fight bacteria is to use antibiotics. Unfortunately, their abuse results in the presence of bacteria resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics in the environment. The restrictions on the use of antibiotics have forced the search for natural and safe ways to protect animals. It has been shown that the use of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria may have a positive effect on the growth and use of feed by broilers, on the stabilization of the intestinal microbiota of chickens and pigs, and in the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows. The use of probiotics (live, nonpathogenic microorganisms) and postbiotics (inanimate bacteria, cell components or post-fermentation by-products) reduces the occurrence of pathogens in large-scale farms. Abstract Since 2006, the use of growth-promoting antibiotics has been banned throughout the European Union. To meet the expectations of livestock farmers, various studies have been carried out with the use of lactic acid bacteria. Scientists are trying to obtain the antimicrobial effect against the most common pathogens in large-scale farms. Supplementing the diet of broilers with probiotics (live, nonpathogenic microorganisms) stabilized the intestinal microbiota, which improved the results of body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI). The positive effect of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria has been shown to prevent the occurrence of diarrhea during piglet weaning. The antagonistic activity of postbiotics (inanimate bacteria, cell components, or post-fermentation by-products) from post-culture media after lactobacilli cultures has been proven on Staphylococcus aureus—the pathogen most often responsible for causing mastitis among dairy cows. The article aims to present the latest research examining the antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria on the most common pathogens in broilers, piglets, pigs, and cow farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zamojska
- Polwet-Centrowet Sp. z o.o., M. Konopnickiej 21, 98-100 Lask, Poland;
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (A.N.)
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland;
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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (BSFL) fat, derived using supercritical CO2 extraction and added to broiler chickens’ diets as a partial (50%) or total replacement for commonly used soybean oil, on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial population, its activity, and selected physiological and immune traits. A total of 576 one-dayold female Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 16 replicates each. The following treatments were applied: SO – 100% soybean oil, BSFL50 – a mixture of BSFL and soybean oils in a 50:50 ratio, and BSFL100 – 100% BSFL fat. Digesta samples from the crop, jejunum and ceca were collected for further analyses, i.e., pH measurements, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Additionally, the selected plasma biochemical parameters and immunological traits were assessed. In general, the implementation of BSFL fat in broilers’ diets resulted in increased proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the crop, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides – Prevotella cluster, and Clostridium perfringens. Furthermore, BSFL100 enhanced microbial activity via total SCFA production and lowered the pH in this segment. However, no detrimental effects were observed in terms of other GIT segments, i.e., the jejunal and cecal microecosystems. The strongest impact on reduction of select components of the microbial population in the cecum was observed with the BSFL50 treatment for potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides – Prevotella cluster, while commensal populations were also limited, i.e., Bacillus spp., C.
leptum subgroup, and C.
coccoides – Eubacterium
rectale cluster. Additionally, BSFL100 reduced the cholesterol concentration in the blood, while both experimental treatments decreased the ALT level. In conclusion, due to the insufficient release of lauric acid from the BSFL fat in the crop, an adverse shift in the microbiota can be noted. However, a positive suppressive effect on the select components of the cecal microbiota, as well as improvement of liver health suggests implying the BSFL fat in broiler nutrition.
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Fedoruk RS, Tesarivska UI, Kovalchuk II, Tsap MM, Kaplunenko VH, Koleschuk OI, Khrabko MI. Biological effects of iodine, selenium, sulfur citrates in broiler chickens. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at the assessment of the I, Se, S citrate effect on the organism of broiler chickens. Feeding of chickens of all groups was carried out by using standard balanced feeds – starter, grower, and finish with the use of group feeders placed at the appropriate height from the floor depending on the poultry height. For the chickens of experimental groups, I, Se, S citrate was added to drinking water daily during the 48th day. To the drinking water of chickens of experimental groups different amounts of the citrate solution were added I (200 mg/L), Se (50 mg/L), S (300 mg/L), prepared by the nanotechnology method. Chickens of the II group received the lowest dose of I, Se, S at the rate of 5 μg I/L, 1.25 μg Se/L, 7.5 μg S/L of drinking water, and for poultry of other experimental groups, it was increased by 2 (III), 4 (IV), 6 (V) and 8 (VI) times compared to II group. Coccidiostat "Kokcisan 12%" (KRKA, Slovenia) was added to the starter and grower feed at the stages of its manufacture in quantities of 0.5 kg/t of feed. Coccidiostat was not added to the final feed. During the 48-day technological period, the clinical condition of the poultry was monitored daily by forage and motor activity, safety, and every 7 days – for growth intensity with the individual determination of body weight on a laboratory scale. The investigation of the blood was carried out from the 35th or 48th day during the growing, period and also investigation of the internal organs – liver, heart, spleen, stomach, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius. The increase of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and albumin in the blood of II, III, and VI chicken groups was established on the 35th day of the experiment, and the reduction of creatinine in III and VI groups. By that time, the effect of highest dose of I, Se, S caused a decrease in the T3 concentration in the blood of chickens in the VI group compared to the I and II groups. In particular, in the blood of chickens of IV, V and VI groups compared to the I, II, III group under these conditions there was a significant increase in the content of urea, Ca, P, cholesterol, as well as albumin – only in IV group on the 48th day. Triacylglycerols’ content increased in the blood serum of chickens in III and IV groups compared to the II and V groups, but in V group – decreased compared to the III, IV groups. The increase in liver, thymus, and heart mass in the II and V chicken groups was noticed and their decrease in the VI group was revealed compared with the control group. Reliable lower coefficients of the body mass of chickens of III and VI groups may indicate a less notable stimulating biological effect of I, Se, S citrate in these doses on liver development than on the whole organism. The addition of I, Se, S citrate to broiler chickens during the period of growing revealed the difference in their biological action in the presence and absence of the Kokcisan 12% in a mixed fodder. A more notable stimulating effect of low dose of I, Se, S citrate on the growth and development on the chickens' organism was established during the withdrawal of coccidiostatics from their diet. The effect may be due to its inhibitory influence on the biological activity of these elements in the first 35 days of growing. In the final period of chicken growing and withdrawal of ionophore Kokcisan from the diet more noticeable changes were revealed in the studied parameters.
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7
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CESA-LUNA CATHERINE, ALATORRE-CRUZ JULIAMARÍA, CARREÑO-LÓPEZ RICARDO, QUINTERO-HERNÁNDEZ VERÓNICA, BAEZ ANTONINO. Emerging Applications of Bacteriocins as Antimicrobials, Anticancer Drugs, and Modulators of The Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:143-159. [PMID: 34349808 PMCID: PMC8326989 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteriocins holds great promise in different areas such as health, food, nutrition, veterinary, nanotechnology, among others. Many research groups worldwide continue to advance the knowledge to unravel a novel range of therapeutic agents and food preservatives. This review addresses the advances of bacteriocins and their producer organisms as biocontrol agents for applications in the medical industry and agriculture. Furthermore, the bacteriocin mechanism of action and structural characteristics will be reviewed. Finally, the potential role of bacteriocins to modulate the signaling in host-associated microbial communities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- CATHERINE CESA-LUNA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas (CICM), Instituto de Ciencias (IC), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, México
| | | | - RICARDO CARREÑO-LÓPEZ
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas (CICM), Instituto de Ciencias (IC), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, México
| | | | - ANTONINO BAEZ
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas (CICM), Instituto de Ciencias (IC), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, México
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8
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Lone A, Mottawea W, Mehdi Y, Hammami R. Bacteriocinogenic probiotics as an integrated alternative to antibiotics in chicken production - why and how? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8744-8760. [PMID: 34060404 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1932722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics in the livestock industry has played an important role in the spread of resistant superbugs with severe health implications for humans. With the recent ban on the use of antibiotics in poultry and poultry feed in Canada and the USA, poultry farmers will have to rely on the use of alternatives to antibiotics (such as feed acidifiers, antibodies, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, prebiotics, and probiotics) to maintain the same productivity and health of their livestock. Of particular interest are bacteriocinogenic probiotics, that is, bacterial strains capable of producing bacteriocins that confer health benefits on the host. These bacterial strains have multiple promising features, such as the ability to attach to the host mucosa, colonize, proliferate, and produce advantageous products such as bacteriocins and short-chain fatty acids. These not only affect pathogenic colonization but improve poultry phenotype as well. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides with multiple promising features such as being non-harmful for human and animal consumption, non-disruptive to the host microbiota eubiosis, non-cytotoxic, and non-carcinogenic. Therefore, bacteriocinogenic probiotics are at the forefront to be excellent candidates for effective replacements to antibiotics. While evidence of their safety and effectiveness is accumulating in vitro and in vivo in inhibiting pathogens while promoting animal health, their safety and history of use in livestock remains unclear and requires additional investigations. In the present paper, we review the safety assessment regulations and commercialization policies on existing and novel bacteriocinogenic and bacteriocin products intended to be used in poultry feed as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Lone
- GUT Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walid Mottawea
- GUT Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youcef Mehdi
- Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- GUT Research Platform, School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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9
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Ko SKK, Paraso MGV, Pajas AMGA, Dela Cruz JF. Immunomodulatory responses in plectasin-supplemented broilers under tropical environmental conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:253. [PMID: 33834298 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effects of dietary supplementation of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) plectasin on broiler chickens. The experiment involved 300-day-old Ross chicks reared in a conventional housing system and subjected to ambient temperature and relative humidity. The birds were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: the non-supplemented negative control group (T1), enramycin-supplemented group (T2), and groups supplemented with varying doses of plectasin at 150 ppm, 300 ppm, and 450 ppm (T3, T4, and T5, respectively) from day 1 to 35. The results indicated that plectasin supplementation increased jejunal and ileal goblet cell (GC) counts, serum interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels at neonatal age, and serum immunoglobulin Y (IgY) titer on days 7, 21, 28, and 35. These findings confirmed that plectasin induces positive immunomodulatory responses by specifically enhancing gut mucosal barriers, early innate immunity, and humoral immune response. Specifically, supplementation at 150 ppm may be considered as the optimal dose for inclusion in broiler chicken feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szarina Krisha K Ko
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Michelle Grace V Paraso
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - Arville Mar Gregorio A Pajas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Joseph F Dela Cruz
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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10
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Schofs L, Sparo MD, Sánchez Bruni SF. Gram-positive bacteriocins: usage as antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:89-100. [PMID: 32656740 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly due to difficulties in production, purification, delivery systems and regulatory approvals. To overcome some of these limitations, biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches are evaluated. Bacteriocins proved to be a good complement for conventional antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial peptides are nowadays included in the veterinary products such as udder disinfectant for dairy cattle and dermatological medicated wipe for topical use on dogs, cats, and horses. But there are other potential uses to explore in the veterinary field for both companion and production animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano Schofs
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN- CONICET, B7000, Tandil, Argentina. .,Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Tandil, B7000, Argentina.
| | - Mónica D Sparo
- Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Tandil, B7000, Argentina.,Clinical Department, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, B7400, Argentina
| | - Sergio F Sánchez Bruni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CIVETAN- CONICET, B7000, Tandil, Argentina.,Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de investigaciones científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Tandil, B7000, Argentina
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Combination of Bacillus licheniformis and Salinomycin: Effect on the Growth Performance and GIT Microbial Populations of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050889. [PMID: 32443689 PMCID: PMC7278455 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The beneficial effects of Bacillus spp. probiotic preparations used for poultry are well-documented and characterized by growth performance improvement and positive modulation of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota. Moreover, the favorable influence of salinomycin has been frequently studied as an ionophore coccidiostat, as well as an antimicrobial agent. However, limited data are available in terms of the parallel usage of both Bacillus licheniformis DSM 28710 and salinomycin in poultry diets. From a practical point of view, evaluating the potential interactions between this species and agent is crucial to assess their parallel usage, and the current study confirmed the positive effect of their mixture on the modulation of pH value in the crop and ceca, as well as the GIT microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ceca. Additionally, the results obtained in this study show positive effects of B. licheniformis on the growth performance, as well as the influence of both experimental factors used separately in the case of GIT microbiota modulations. Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus licheniformis and salinomycin supplementation in broiler diets as individual factors or in combination on the growth performance, GIT morphometry, and microbiota populations. Four hundred one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments (10 replicates, 10 birds each). The following treatments were applied: NC—no additives; NC + SAL—salinomycin addition (60 mg/kg diet), NC + PRO—B. licheniformis DSM 28710 preparation (1.6 × 109 CFU/kg; 500 mg/kg diet), and NC + SAL + PRO—combination of salinomycin and B. licheniformis. Probiotic administration resulted in improvement (p < 0.05) of the performance parameters, including body weight gain (1–10 d, and 11–22 d) and feed conversion ratio (11–22 d, 1–36 d). An interaction (p < 0.05) between experimental factors was observed in terms of lower pH values in the crop (tendency, p = 0.053) and ceca. Both factors lowered the alpha diversity and Enterobacteriaceae and promoted Bacillaceae communities in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Interactions were also observed in terms of reducing Clostridiaceae in the ceca. In conclusion, the combined use of B. licheniformis and salinomycin in broilers’ diets had beneficial effects.
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Sypniewski J, Kierończyk B, Benzertiha A, Mikołajczak Z, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski P, Sassek M, Rawski M, Czekała W, Józefiak D. Replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat in turkey nutrition: effect on performance, digestibility, microbial community, immune and physiological status and final product quality. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:294-302. [PMID: 31955595 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1716302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of partial (50%) or total replacement of soybean oil (SO) by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) fat on the growth performance, coefficients of apparent nutrient digestibility, selected internal organ weights and length, pancreatic enzyme activity and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microecology modulation, as well as microbiota activity, physiological and immunological responses in young turkey poults. 2. A total of 216, seven day old female turkeys (B.U.T 6) were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments using six replicate pens per group with 12 birds per pen. The following design of the trial was applied: SO 100% soybean oil; BSFL50 a 50/50 combination of SO and BSFL fat; or 100% BSFL fat (total replacement of SO). 3. The use of BSFL fat did not affect the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, GIT morphology, or quality of the breast and thigh muscles. However, reduced trypsin activity was noticed in the BSFL100 group, but this had no effect on digestibility. Total replacement of SO reduced proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Enterobacteriaceae spp., as well as decreasing levels of IL-6, while partial substitution lowered the TNF-α concentration. 4. The replacement of commonly used SO by BSFL fat can be successfully applied in young turkey poult nutrition. BSFL fat may be considered an antimicrobial agent and support immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sypniewski
- PIAST GROUP Research and Development Center , Poland
| | - B Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - A Benzertiha
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - Z Mikołajczak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - E Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - P Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - M Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - M Rawski
- Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - W Czekała
- Institute of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
| | - D Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland
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Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Mikołajczak Z, Świątkiewicz S, Józefiak D. Nisin as a Novel Feed Additive: The Effects on Gut Microbial Modulation and Activity, Histological Parameters, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E101. [PMID: 31936255 PMCID: PMC7023484 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two independent experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of nisin alone or with monensin on gut microbiota, gut microbial activities, and histomorphology (exp 1) and the effect of nisin application in a dose‒response manner on the growth performance of broiler chickens (exp 2). A total of 900 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks (400, exp 1; 500, exp 2) were randomly distributed to four groups (exp 1; 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 birds each), i.e., NA, no additives; MON, monensin (100 ppm); NIS, nisin (2700 IU/kg diet); and MON + NIS, a mixture of monensin (100 ppm) and nisin (2700 IU/kg diet); or 5 treatments (exp 2), NA, no additives; NIS100, nisin (100 IU/kg diet); NIS200, nisin (200 IU/kg diet); NIS400, nisin (400 IU/kg diet); and NIS800, nisin (800 IU/kg diet). Nisin supplementation positively affected the microbiota of the gut by reducing potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the jejunum and ceca. The bacterial fermentation in the jejunum was significantly lowered by nisin addition. The addition of nisin from 100 IU to 800 IU decreased the FCR value over the entire experimental period. According to the results, nisin can be considered a natural dietary supplement for broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (D.J.)
| | - Mateusz Rawski
- Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Mikołajczak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (D.J.)
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition Physiology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (D.J.)
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