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Gast RK, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Salmonella in eggs and egg-laying chickens: pathways to effective control. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:39-63. [PMID: 36583653 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eggs contaminated with Salmonella have been internationally significant sources of human illness for several decades. Most egg-associated illness has been attributed to Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, but a few other serovars (notably S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium) are also sometimes implicated. The edible interior contents of eggs typically become contaminated with S. Enteritidis because the pathogen's unique virulence attributes enable it to colonize reproductive tissues in systemically infected laying hens. Other serovars are more commonly associated with surface contamination of eggshells. Both research and field experience have demonstrated that the most effective overall Salmonella control strategy in commercial laying flocks is the application of multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle. At the preharvest (egg production) level, intervention options of demonstrated efficacy include vaccination and gastrointestinal colonization control via treatments such as prebiotics, probiotics, and bacteriophages, Effective environmental management of housing systems used for commercial laying flocks is also essential for minimizing opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of Salmonella in laying flocks. At the postharvest (egg processing and handling) level, careful regulation of egg storage temperatures is critical for limiting Salmonella multiplication inside the interior contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Cargnel M, Filippitzi ME, Van Cauteren D, Mattheus W, Botteldoorn N, Cambier L, Welby S. Assessing evidence of a potential Salmonella transmission across the poultry food chain. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:22-45. [PMID: 36082435 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced Salmonella surveillance programmes in poultry were implemented in all European Member States, with minimum prevalence targets for a list of targeted serotypes to safeguard food and public health. Based on the Belgian Salmonella surveillance programme and focusing on poultry, the overarching aim of this study was to highlight possible Salmonella transmissions across the food chain (FC). For this purpose, firstly, the prevalence patterns of Salmonella (targeted and the most prevalent non-targeted) serotypes along the FC were described over time. Secondly, the effectiveness of the control measures against vertical transmission (breeders to 1-day-old broiler and layer chicks) was indirectly assessed by looking into the odds of targeted serotypes detection. Thirdly, it was appraised if Salmonella prevalence can significantly increase during broilers and layers production. In addition, it was tested if being tested negative at the end of production in broilers when tested positive at the entrance is serotype dependent (targeted vs. non-targeted serotypes). Results showed that, firstly, the prevalence patterns of the listed serotypes were inconstant over time and across the FC. Secondly, the odds of Salmonella targeted serotype detection in 1-day-old broiler and in 1-day-old layer flocks were lower than in breeder flocks while, thirdly, infection during broiler and layer production can lead to significant increase in positivity in subsequent samples. Finally, being infected by a targeted or by non-targeted serotype at the entrance of the flock poorly reflects the Salmonella status at the end of production. Note that this study did not make a distinction between the different sources of contamination and the effects of sampling methods and isolation methods should be subject to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Cargnel
- Department of epidemiology and public health, Service of veterinary epidemiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria-Eleni Filippitzi
- Department of epidemiology and public health, Service of veterinary epidemiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dieter Van Cauteren
- Department of epidemiology and public health, Service of epidemiology of infectious diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wesley Mattheus
- Department of human infectious diseases, Service of bacterial diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ludivine Cambier
- Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Welby
- Department of epidemiology and public health, Service of veterinary epidemiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.,UCB Brussels Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Li Z, Zhao L, Wu Q, Zhang X, Huang X, Shi J, Zou X. A Renewable Biosensor Based on LNA-Aptamer Hybridization for the Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in Penaeus vannamei. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010450. [PMID: 36615651 PMCID: PMC9824579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is an important factor causing foodborne disease, and electrochemical sensors have drawn much attention for SE prevention and detection due to their many advantages. A renewable electrochemical sensor using specially designed locked nucleic acids (LNA) as linkers for the detection of SE was proposed to improve the reusability and reproducibility of biosensors. One end of the LNA was designed as an anchor to attach to modified electrodes through the sulfhydryl group; the other end was used to match with a short segment of SE aptamers, which will allow for the convenient renewal of occupied aptamers by raising the temperature. Results revealed that the manufactured biosensor had good stability, reproducibility, and selectivity in addition to a linear range of 6 × 101-6 × 105 CFU/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 20.704 CFU/mL. The recovery rate of SE for the real sample varied from 98.84% to 134.82% without exceeding 16.27% in the relative standard deviation (RSD). The proposed biosensor appears to be a promising tool for foodborne pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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4
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Ghorashi MS, Pant SD, Ghorashi SA. Comparison of colourimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), PCR and high-resolution melt curve analysis and culture based diagnostic assays in the detection of three salmonella serotypes in poultry. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:476-487. [PMID: 35833568 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of two molecular tests, PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay were compared with bacterial culture in detection of salmonella in poultry clinical samples. The icIR family transcriptional regulator gene was targeted and out of 56 clinical specimens, 20 poultry field isolates were found positive for salmonella. Along with human isolates, reference strains of three different serovars, Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis, were also tested. Eight different but genetically closely related bacterial genera (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia and Pasteurella) were also used to evaluate the specificity of assay. The LAMP assay showed 80.8% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.66-0.95) and 100% specificity (95% CI, 0.71-1.00) when compared with microbiological culture and PCR, both with 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.87-1.00) and 100% specificity (95% CI, 0.71-1.00). High-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis following PCR was able to differentiate between salmonella isolates based on their melting points, and all specimens were genotyped in three distinct HRM curve profiles. Each normalised melt curve profile represented one salmonella serotype and differences between the three melt profiles were correlated with nucleotide variations in the target gene sequences which demonstrated high discriminatory power of this technique. The colourimetric LAMP assay provided an alternative detection method capable of being used in the field and showed analytical sensitivity for detection of 1 pg of salmonella DNA per reaction. The advantages and disadvantages of each test in detection of salmonella are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Sadat Ghorashi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia,
| | - Sameer Dinkar Pant
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia: .,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, Australia:
| | - Seyed Ali Ghorashi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia: .,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, Australia:
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Coelho LR, Melo RT, Monteiro GP, Reischak D, Mendonça AO, Tavares AAS, Rossi DA. Validation of Alternative Methods of Detection of Salmonella Spp. in Experimentally Contaminated Poultry Environmental Samples. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LR Coelho
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - RT Melo
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - D Reischak
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, Brazil
| | - AO Mendonça
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, Brazil
| | | | - DA Rossi
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
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Wang L, Xue L, Guo R, Zheng L, Wang S, Yao L, Huo X, Liu N, Liao M, Li Y, Lin J. Combining impedance biosensor with immunomagnetic separation for rapid screening of Salmonella in poultry supply chains. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1606-1614. [PMID: 32111327 PMCID: PMC7587860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella screening is a key to ensure food safety in poultry supply chains. Currently available Salmonella detection methods including culture, polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay could not achieve rapid, sensitive, and in-field detection. In this study, different strategies for separation and detection of Salmonella were proposed, compared, and improved based on our previous studies on immunomagnetic separation and impedance biosensor. First, the coaxial capillary for immunomagnetic separation of target bacteria was improved with less contamination, and 3 strategies based on the improved capillary and immunomagnetic nanoparticles were compared to separate the target bacteria from sample and form the magnetic bacteria. The experimental results showed that the strategy of capture in tube and separation in capillary was the most suitable with separation efficiency of approximately 88%. Then, the immune gold nanoparticles coated with urease were used to label the magnetic bacteria, resulting in the formation of enzymatic bacteria, which were injected into the capillary. After the urea was catalyzed by the urease on the enzymatic bacteria in the capillary, different electrodes were compared to measure the impedance of the catalysate and the screen-printed electrode with higher sensitivity and better stability was the most suitable. This impedance biosensor-based bacterial detection strategy was able to detect Salmonella as low as 102 CFU/mL in 2 h without complex operations. Compared to the gold standard culture method for practical screening of Salmonella in poultry supply chains, this proposed strategy had an accuracy of approximately 90% for 75 real poultry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoting Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella Typhimurium using nickel nanowire bridge for electrochemical impedance amplification. Talanta 2020; 211:120715. [PMID: 32070611 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens is crucial to prevent the outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. In this study, a sensitive electrochemical aptasensor was developed using aptamer coated gold interdigitated microelectrode for target capture and impedance measurement, and antibody modified nickel nanowires (NiNWs) for target separation and impedance amplification. First, the interdigitated microelectrode was modified with the biotinylated aptamers against Salmonella typhimurium through electrostatic absorption of streptavidin onto the microelectrode and streptavidin-biotin binding. Then, the target Salmonella cells were magnetically separated and concentrated using the NiNWs modified with the anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibodies to form the bacteria-NiNW complexes, and incubated on the microelectrode to form the aptamer-bacteria-NiNW complexes. After an external arc magnetic field was developed and applied to control the NiNWs to form conductive NiNW bridges across the microelectrode, the enhanced impedance change of the microelectrode was measured and used to determine the amount of target bacteria. This electrochemical aptasensor was able to quantitatively detect Salmonella ranging from 102 to 106 CFU/mL in 2 h with the detection limit of 80 CFU/mL. The mean recovery for the spiked chicken samples was 103.2%.
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