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Zurak D, Svečnjak Z, Kiš G, Janječić Z, Bedeković D, Duvnjak M, Pirgozliev V, Grbeša D, Kljak K. Carotenoid deposition in yolks of laying hens fed with corn diets differing in grain hardness and supplemented with rapeseed oil and emulsifier. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103922. [PMID: 38908122 PMCID: PMC11246041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementing diets consisting of two dent corn hybrids (soft- and hard-type) with different amounts of rapeseed oil (2, 3, and 4%) and with (0.05%) or without emulsifier (Lysoforte Extended, Kemin) on the content and deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk. The feeding trial was conducted with 216 Lohmann Brown laying hens which were by 3 located in 72 cages. The cages were randomly assigned to 12 dietary treatments (2 hybrids × 3 rapeseed oil levels × 2 emulsifier levels), resulting in 6 cages (replicates) per each dietary treatment. After depletion, hens were fed treatment diets without added pigment for 7 wk. After stabilization of the carotenoid profile (lutein, zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene and total carotenoids), eggs were collected once a week until the end of the experiment and deposition efficiency was calculated based on carotenoid content in yolk and diets, yolk weight, egg production and diet intake. Corn hybrid and rapeseed oil affected (P < 0.05) the yolk content and deposition efficiency of most carotenoids. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.05) hybrid × rapeseed oil level interaction for all carotenoids indicated hybrid-specific responses to rapeseed oil supplementation. In the soft-type hybrid, the addition of 3% rapeseed oil enhanced the carotenoid content compared to 2% of rapeseed oil, whereas for the hard-type hybrid, 2 and 3% of rapeseed oil resulted in similar contents. Supplementation of 4% rapeseed oil reduced the content regardless of the hybrid. Emulsifier addition positively affected (P < 0.05) the deposition efficiency of all carotenoids except β-carotene. In conclusion, supplementing corn diets with rapeseed oil and emulsifier affected carotenoid utilization and these responses varied in hybrids differing in grain hardness, which should be considered when using corn as the sole source of carotenoids in hen diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zurak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Goran Kiš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Janječić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Marija Duvnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Vasil Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darko Grbeša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kljak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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Toomer OT, Maharjan P, Harding KL, Chuong Vu T, Malheiros R, Mian R, Joseph M, Read QD, Oviedo-Rondon EO, Anderson KE. Effects of full-fat high-oleic soybean meal in layer diets on performance, egg quality and chemical composition. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104074. [PMID: 39098299 PMCID: PMC11359739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of full-fat high-oleic soybean meal in layer diets could lead to value-added poultry products. To test this idea, 336 hens were randomly assigned to 4 isonitrogenous (18.5% CP) and isocaloric (2,927 kcal/kg) formulated diets and fed the following diets for eight weeks: conventional control solvent-extracted defatted soybean meal (CON); extruded-expelled defatted soybean meal (EENO); full fat normal-oleic soybean meal (FFNO); or full fat high-oleic soybean meal (FFHO). Body weights (BW) were collected at week 0 and week 8. Eggs were collected daily, and the totals counted each week. Feed consumption was measured weekly, and egg quality was measured bi-weekly. Eggs were collected at wk 0 and wk 8 for fatty acid analysis. There were no significant treatment differences in any of the production parameters measured, BW, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio or egg production (P > 0.05). Eggshell strength was significantly greater in eggs produced from the EENO group as compared to the control (P < 0.01), while egg yolk color was significantly darker in eggs of the control and EENO treatment groups relative to the FFNO and FFHO treatments (P < 0.0001). Eggs produced by hens fed the FFHO diet had a 52% increase in monounsaturated n-9 oleic acid content (P < 0.0001) and reduced palmitic (P < 0.01) and stearic (P < 0.0001) saturated fatty acid levels as compared to the conventional controls. These results validate the utilization of FFHO as a value-added poultry feed ingredient to enrich the eggs and/or poultry meat produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Kari L Harding
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thien Chuong Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ramon Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Michael Joseph
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Quentin D Read
- Southeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Kenneth E Anderson
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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3
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Ali M, Joseph M, Alfaro-Wisaquillo MC, Quintana-Ospina GA, Patiño D, Vu T, Dean LL, Fallen B, Mian R, Taliercio E, Toomer O, Oviedo-Rondón EO. Effects of high oleic full-fat soybean meal on broiler live performance, carcass and parts yield, and fatty acid composition of breast fillets. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103399. [PMID: 38281331 PMCID: PMC10840106 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of high oleic oil full-fat (HO-FF) soybean meal (SBM) on broiler meat quality could lead to value-added food products. This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary normal oleic extruded expelled (NO-EE), normal oleic full-fat (NO-FF), or HO-FF SBM on live performance, carcass and parts yield, and breast fatty acid composition. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. A total of 540 Ross-708 male broilers were raised on floor pens with 18 broilers/pen and 10 replicates/treatment. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. Chickens were fed with a starter (0-14 d), grower (15-35 d), or a finisher diet (36-47 d) up to 47 d. Chickens were weighed at 7, 14, 35, and 47 d. At 48 d, 4 broilers per pen were processed. Breast samples were collected and evaluated for quality and fatty acid content. Broilers fed diets with NO-EE were heavier (P < 0.05) than chickens fed diets with full-fat SBM (NO-FF and HO-FF) at d 7, 14, 35 while feed conversion ratio (FCR) of NO-EE was best (P < 0.05) at 7 and 47 d. Carcass yield was also higher for broilers fed NO-EE than the other treatments. Diet did not affect parts yield, breast meat color, cooking, drip loss, white stripping, or SM quality parameters. More breast fillets without wooden breast (score 1) were observed (P < 0.05) for NO-FF than the other 2 treatments. The breast meat fatty acid profile (g fatty acid/100 g of all fatty acids) was significantly affected (P < 0.001) by diet. Broilers fed the HO-FF SBM diet had 54 to 86% more oleic acid, 72.5% to 2.2 times less linoleic acid, and reduced stearic and palmitic acid levels in the breast meat than NO-FF and NO-EE. In conclusion, feeding HO-FF to broilers enriched the oleic acid content of their breast meat while reducing the saturated fatty acid content relative to the NO-FF and NO-EE treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael Joseph
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | | | - Danny Patiño
- Trouw Nutrition-Latin America, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Thien Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lisa L Dean
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ben Fallen
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Earl Taliercio
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ondulla Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Maharjan P, Rahimi A, Harding KL, Vu TC, Malheiros R, Oviedo-Rondon EO, Mian R, Joseph M, Dean L, Anderson KE, Toomer O. Effects of full-fat high-oleic soybean meal in layer diets on nutrient digestibility and egg quality parameters of a white laying hen strain. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102486. [PMID: 36736139 PMCID: PMC9898437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the impact of including full fat high-oleic soybean meal in layer hen diets on nutrient digestibility and added nutritional value in eggs. Forty-eight layers (∼36 wk old) were randomly assigned to one of 4 isonitrogenous (18.5% crude protein) treatment diets with 12 replicate birds per treatment in a 3-wk study. Treatments were 1) solvent extracted defatted soybean meal + corn diet, 2) dry extruded defatted soybean meal + corn, 3) full-fat soybean meal + corn, 4) high-oleic full-fat soybean meal + corn diet. Apparent ileal digestibility of crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) were determined using celite (∼2%) as an indigestible marker. Tibia strength and egg quality parameters (egg weight, shell strength, Haugh unit, shell color, and yolk color) were recorded during the study. Fatty acid profiles, including the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (C18:1, cis), in eggs and adipogenic tissue (liver, muscle, and fat pad) were measured using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Digestibility values of CF ranged from 71 to 84% and CP varied from 67 to 72% for treatment diets, with treatment mean values being no different (P > 0.05) between treatment diets. No differences between treatment diets in tibia strength or egg quality parameters (egg weight, shell strength, and Haugh unit) were observed (P > 0.05) except for yolk color. Similarly, there were no differences in the total lipids in egg yolk (P > 0.05) between treatment diets. However, oleic acid percentage of total lipid in egg and tissue was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in hens given the high-oleic full-fat soybean meal diet than in other treatment groups. No difference was observed in oleic acid percentage of total lipid in egg between the other 3 treatment diets (P > 0.05). Overall, the results exhibited that the eggs and tissue of layer hens fed the full-fat high-oleic acid soybean meal diet were higher in oleic acid while the CF and CP digestibility remained similar to the digestibility of the other diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA,Corresponding author:
| | - Amin Rahimi
- Mountaire Farms of NC, Candor, NC 27229, USA
| | - Kari L Harding
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thien Chuong Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ramon Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael Joseph
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lisa Dean
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Anderson
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ondulla Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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5
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Effects of dietary substitution of peanut meal for soybean meal on egg production, egg quality, oxidative status, and yolk fatty acid profile in laying ducks. Animal 2022; 16:100652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lim CI, Ryu KS. Effect of dietary octacosanol concentration extracted from triticale sprout on laying performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:863-870. [PMID: 36287742 PMCID: PMC9574614 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of
octacosanol (OCT) extracted from triticale sprout on laying performance, egg
quality, and blood parameters of laying hens. A total of 192, Hyline brown
laying hens aged 43 weeks were divided into 4 dietary groups of 48 birds each
and they were randomly subjected to one of the experimental diets containing OCT
at the levels of none, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg of diet. All birds were fed with
isoenergetic and isonitrogenous mash diets for 6 weeks. The result showed that
hens supplemented with 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT in diet significantly increased (p
< 0.05) egg production than those fed with the basal diet. OCT
concentration in the egg yolk of hens fed with 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT was
significantly higher than in those fed the control diet. Hens fed 20 and 30
mg/kg OCT exhibited greater high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and
interleukin (IL) concentrations and reduced serum concentrations of cholesterol
and triglyceride compared to those fed with 0 and 10 mg/kg OCT. This study
indicates that supplementing the diet of laying hens with 20 and 30 mg/kg of OCT
can improve the performance, egg quality, and health status of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ik Lim
- Department of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University,
Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kyeong Seon Ryu
- Department of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University,
Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Kyeong Seon Ryu,
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2638, E-mail:
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7
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Guo S, Niu J, Xv J, Fang B, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Wang L, Ding B. Interactive effects of vitamins A and K 3 on laying performance, egg quality, tibia attributes and antioxidative status of aged Roman Pink laying hens. Animal 2021; 15:100242. [PMID: 34091224 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending laying cycle is a tendency in hen breeding, but egg quality declines as laying hens age. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of vitamins A and K3 on laying performance, egg and tibia quality, and antioxidative status of aged Roman Pink laying hens. In a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, 1 080 87-week-old laying hens were allocated to nine groups with eight replicates in each group. Deficient, adequate and excess vitamins A (0, 7 000 and 14 000 IU/kg) and K3 (0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) were supplemented into a basal diet with 1 320 IU/kg of vitamin A and 0.5 mg/kg of vitamin K3. After 2 weeks of adaption to basal diet, hens were fed corresponding diets for 8 weeks. Vitamins A and K3 did not significantly affect the laying performance. However, they showed interactive effects on yolk ratio at week 93 as well as tibia weight and diameter (P < 0.05), and hens fed deficient vitamins A and K3 had the highest yolk ratio and tibia weight, but the lowest tibia diameter. Compared with deficient addition, adequate or excess vitamins A and K3 increased yolk color at weeks 93 and 97 (P < 0.05). Compared with hens fed deficient or excess vitamins, hens fed adequate vitamins A and K3 had higher eggshell strength at week 93 or 97 (P < 0.05). Increasing vitamin A elevated plasma total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Excess vitamin K3 increased hepatic T-SOD activity (P < 0.05). Vitamins A and K3 exhibited interaction on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in eggshell gland (P < 0.05), and adequate or excess vitamins A and K3 increased the activities of GSH-Px, T-SOD and catalase (CAT). Adequate and excess vitamin A up-regulated the mRNA expression of GSH-Px1, GSH-Px3 and SOD1 in eggshell gland (P < 0.05). Vitamins A and K3 showed interactive effects on CAT mRNA expression in eggshell gland (P < 0.05) and hens fed adequate vitamins A and K3 had the highest CAT mRNA levels. In conclusion, dietary addition of vitamins A and K3 improved the eggshell quality and yolk color as well as antioxidative status in eggshell gland of aged laying hens. Adequate vitamins A and K3 showed beneficial effects and excess levels did not exhibit superior effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - J Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - J Xv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - B Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - D Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - L Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - B Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Redhead AK, Sanders E, Vu TC, Malheiros RD, Anderson KE, Toomer OT. The effects of high-oleic peanuts as an alternate feed ingredient on performance, ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy, and histology of the small intestine in laying hens. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab015. [PMID: 33748683 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of feeding a high-oleic peanut (HOPN) diet to egg-producing laying hens on egg quality, digestibility, and feed conversion. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietary treatments were formulated with 1) Control diet (CON)-a corn-soybean meal conventional diet with 7.8 % added poultry fat, 2) HOPN diet-dietary inclusion of ~20% coarse-ground whole HOPN, and 3) oleic acid (CON-OA) diet-a control diet supplemented with 2.6% oleic fatty acid oil. Ninety-nine 57-wk-old brown Leghorn laying hens were randomly assigned to 33 animals per treatment. Animals were housed individually for 8 wk. Body and feed weights were recorded weekly and feed conversation ratio was calculated. Bi-weekly, shell eggs were analyzed for quality (yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit [HU]). Jejunum samples were collected at week 8 for histomorphometric analysis. Analysis of variance was performed on all variables using a general linear mixed model. Laying hens fed the CON-OA diet produced greater number of eggs relative to those fed the HOPN and control diets (P < 0.05). The roche yolk color value was higher (P < 0.001) in eggs from hens fed the HOPN diet. There were no differences in laying hen performance, eggshell color, eggshell strength, eggshell elasticity and egg albumen height, or egg HU, ileal fat digestibility, or villi surface among treatment groups. However, the apparent metabolizable energy (P < 0.01) and ileal protein digestibility (P = 0.02) were greater in laying hens fed the HOPN diet relative to the CON diet. This study suggests that whole unblanched high-oleic peanuts may be an acceptable alternative feed ingredient for laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Redhead
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Elliot Sanders
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thien C Vu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ramon D Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth E Anderson
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ondulla T Toomer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Li M, Gao X, Tan L, Miao Y, Fan W, Gao Z, Liu S, Ding C, Shi X, Song S. Effects of bisphenol A at the safe reference dose on abdominal fat deposition in aged hens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111398. [PMID: 33010594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Its influence on lipid homeostasis remains to be proven. In this study, the obese model of laying hens were induced using high-fat diet (HFD) to determine the lipid metabolism interference of BPA, especially its influence on estrogen receptors (ERs) and oxidative damage, at the dose of tolerable daily intake (TDI, 50 μg/kg body weight [BW]/day) and no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL, 5000 μg/kg BW/day). The results demonstrated that the TDI dose of BPA interacted with ERα more effectively than the NOAEL dose of BPA. The TDI dose of BPA increased the expression of ERα (esr1), which further changed the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, such as cpt-1, lpl, creb1, and apov1. Furthermore, the abdominal fat rate, hematoxylin-eosin staining of adipocytes, and the average area of the hens were reduced. Therefore, the TDI dose of BPA played an estrogen-compensating role and weakened the effect of HFD on obesity in aged hens. By contrast, BPA at NOAEL dose exhibited great oxidative stress, which remarkably inhibited the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes (total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and promoted the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde). Moreover, the increase in oxidative stress corresponded well with the increase in the expression of fat-forming genes (srebp-1, fas, acc, and ppar γ). That is, BPA at NOAEL may accelerate the process of fat formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcong Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yufan Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Toomer OT, Sanders E, Vu TC, Malheiros RD, Redhead AK, Livingston ML, Livingston KA, Carvalho LV, Ferket PR. The effects of high-oleic peanuts as an alternative feed ingredient on broiler performance, ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy, and histology of the intestine. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa137. [PMID: 32832857 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally grown feed ingredients of high energy and protein content, such as peanuts, maybe economically feasible alternatives to corn and soybean meal in broiler diets. Even though normal-oleic peanuts have been demonstrated to be a viable feed ingredient for poultry, few studies to date have examined the use of high-oleic peanuts (HO PN) as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of feeding HO PN on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology. Three isocaloric, isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with 1) dietary inclusion of ~10% coarse-ground whole HO PN; 2) a corn-soybean meal control diet with 5.5% added poultry fat; and 3) a control diet supplemented with 5.5% oleic fatty acid oil. Three-hundred Ross 708 broilers were randomly placed in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per pen and raised until 42 d. Body weights (BW) and feed intake were determined weekly, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Jejunum samples were collected at 42 d for histomorphometric analysis. Analysis of variance was performed on all variables using a general linear mixed model in JMP Pro14. Broilers in the HO PN group had lower (P < 0.05) BW and higher FCR than other treatment groups at weeks 2 and 6. There were no significant differences in the jejunum villi surface area between the treatment groups. However, broilers fed the HO PN diet had greater (P = 0.019) apparent metabolizable energy relative to the other treatment groups, suggesting improved nutrient uptake of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates in the HO PN treatment group. However, additional studies are warranted to further define the nutritional value of HO PN as an alternative poultry feed ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Toomer
- Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC
| | - Elliot Sanders
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Thien C Vu
- Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ramon D Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Adam K Redhead
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matthew L Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Kim A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Luiz Victor Carvalho
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Peter R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Toomer OT, Livingston M, Wall B, Sanders E, Vu T, Malheiros RD, Livingston KA, Carvalho LV, Ferket PR, Dean LL. Feeding high-oleic peanuts to meat-type broiler chickens enhances the fatty acid profile of the meat produced. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2236-2245. [PMID: 32241509 PMCID: PMC7587852 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early feeding trials using peanut meal prepared from normal-oleic peanuts helped to identify peanuts as a suitable alternative feed ingredient for poultry. Yet no studies to date have examined the use of high-oleic peanuts (HO-PN) as a feed ingredient for meat type chickens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of feeding whole unblanched HO-PN on the fatty acid profile of the meat produced from broilers. At hatch male chicks were randomly placed in raised wire cages, in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per pen, and fed with one of the 3 isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets ad libitum for 42 days: (1) conventional control of soybean meal + corn, (2) 10 to 12% HO-PN and corn diet, or (3) control diet spiked with ≈6.0% oleic acid oil. All body weights (BW) were collected, and broiler selection for processing was determined by individual BW within one-half a standard deviation of the experiment 42-D mean BW, with one bird selected per pen (10 replicate pens per treatment, 3 treatments, 10 birds selected per treatment, yielding a total sample size of 30 birds). Performance was determined weekly and breast samples were analyzed for fatty acid and amino acid profile. All data was analyzed using analysis of variance, with t-test mean comparisons at P < 0.05. BW were similar between broilers fed the HO-PN and control diet, while feed conversion ratio of broilers fed the HO-PN diet was significantly higher at weeks 2, 4, and 6 in comparison to the other treatments (P ≤ 0.03). Broilers fed with HO-PN diet had reduced carcass and pectoralis major weights in comparison to the other treatments. Chicken breast from broilers fed the HO-PN diet had significantly reduced saturated and trans fatty acid content in comparison to the controls (P ≤ 0.0002). Although additional studies must be conducted, this study suggests that feeding whole unblanched HO-PN to broiler chickens may serve as a means to enrich the meat produced with unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Toomer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695.
| | - Matthew Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Brittany Wall
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Elliott Sanders
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Thien Vu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Ramon D Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Kim A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Luiz Victor Carvalho
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Peter R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Lisa L Dean
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Toomer OT, Sanders E, Vu TC, Livingston ML, Wall B, Malheiros RD, Carvalho LV, Livingston KA, Ferket PR, Anderson KE. Potential Transfer of Peanut and/or Soy Proteins from Poultry Feed to the Meat and/or Eggs Produced. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1080-1085. [PMID: 31984264 PMCID: PMC6977026 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that allergenic feed proteins from peanuts in the diets of layer hens are not detected in the eggs produced. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine if soy and/or peanut proteins in poultry feed rations of broiler chickens or layer hens would be transferred or detectable in the meat or eggs produced. To meet this objective, 99 layer hens and 300 broiler chickens were equally divided into treatment groups and fed one of three experimental diets: control soybean meal and corn diet, whole unblanched high-oleic peanut and corn diet (HO PN), or a control diet spiked supplemented with oleic acid (OA) oil. At termination, broiler chickens were processed, and chicken breast samples of the left pectoralis muscle were collected, and eggs were collected from layers. Total protein extracts from pooled egg samples and chicken breast samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and immunoblotting analysis with rabbit antipeanut agglutinin antibodies and rabbit antisoy antibodies for the detection of peanut and soy proteins. Peanut and soy proteins were undetected in all pooled egg samples and individual chicken breast meat samples using immunoblotting techniques with rabbit antipeanut agglutinin and rabbit antisoy antibodies. Moreover, quantitative ELISA allergen detection methods determined all pooled egg samples and individual meat samples as "not containing" peanut or soy allergens. Therefore, this study helps to evaluate the risk associated with the potential transfer of allergenic proteins from animal feed to the products produced for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T. Toomer
- U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elliot Sanders
- Department
of Poultry Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thien C. Vu
- U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Matthew L. Livingston
- DSM
Animal Nutritional Products LLC, 45 Waterview Blvd, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054, United States
| | - Brittany Wall
- Department
of Poultry Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ramon D. Malheiros
- Department
of Poultry Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luiz Victor Carvalho
- Department
of Poultry Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kim A. Livingston
- Elanco
Animal Health, 2500 Innovation
Way, Greenfield, Indiana 46140, United States
| | - Peter R. Ferket
- Department
of Poultry Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Anderson
- Department
of Poultry Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Toomer OT, Livingston ML, Wall B, Sanders E, Vu TC, Malheiros RD, Livingston KA, Carvalho LV, Ferket PR. Meat quality and sensory attributes of meat produced from broiler chickens fed a high oleic peanut diet. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5188-5197. [PMID: 31111917 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified peanut meal prepared from normal-oleic peanuts as a suitable and economical ingredient for broiler feed. However, to date, no studies have examined the use of new, high-oleic peanut (HO-PN) cultivars as a feed ingredient for poultry. This project aimed to determine the effect of HO-PNs as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens on the quality and sensory attributes of the meat produced. To test 3 experimental diets, male broiler chicks were randomly placed, at hatch, in raised-wire cages, in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per cage. For 6 wk, chicks were fed, ad libitum, one of the three isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets: (1) a conventional soybean meal plus corn control diet, (2) 10 to 12% HO-PN + corn diet, or (3) a control corn diet spiked with ≈6.0% oleic fatty acid oil (OA). At 42 D, 3 broilers per pen (30 per treatment) were processed to determine meat quality and for consumer evaluation. Carcass weights and breast yields were reduced in broilers fed HO-PN, while leg carcass yields were greater in broilers fed HO-PN in comparison to the other groups. Chicken breast from broilers fed HO-PN had reduced meat-pH, reduced L* color values, and increased cooked loss compared to other treatments. Nevertheless, a group of 100-consumer panelists scored all 3-treatment groups similar in terms of sensory attributes for cooked chicken. While additional studies must be performed, this study suggest that HO-PN may be a suitable broiler feed ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Toomer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Matthew L Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Brittany Wall
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Elliot Sanders
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Thien C Vu
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Ramon D Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Kim A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Luiz Victor Carvalho
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Peter R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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