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Wang L, Yang F, Ye J, Zhang L, Jiang X. Insight into the role of IRF7 in skin and connective tissue diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15083. [PMID: 38794808 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are signalling proteins primarily involved in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and promoting the maturation of immune cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) plays a pivotal role in the IFNs signalling pathway. The activation process of IRF7 is incited by exogenous or abnormal nucleic acids, which is followed by the identification via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the ensuing signalling cascades. Upon activation, IRF7 modulates the expression of both IFNs and inflammatory gene regulation. As a multifunctional transcription factor, IRF7 is mainly expressed in immune cells, yet its presence is also detected in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various dermal cell types. In these cells, IRF7 is critical for skin immunity, inflammation, and fibrosis. IRF7 dysregulation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, including systemic scleroderma (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis. This comprehensive review aims to extensively elucidate the role of IRF7 and its signalling pathways in immune cells and keratinocytes, highlighting its significance in skin-related and connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Guo F, Jing M, Zhang A, Yi J, Zhang Y. Effects of Dietary Betaine on the Laying Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Uterus and Ovary Function of Laying Hens at the Late Stage of Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3283. [PMID: 37894007 PMCID: PMC10603742 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine has been found to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, whether dietary betaine can protect late-laying hens against these adverse effects is unknown. Here, 270 65-week-old Jinghong-1 laying hens were randomly divided into the Control, 0.1% Betaine, and 0.5% Betaine groups and fed a basal diet, 0.1%, and 0.5% betaine supplemented diet, respectively. The trial lasted for seven weeks. Birds that consumed 0.5% betaine laid more eggs with thicker eggshells. Accordingly, uterine reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and ovarian superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents were increased. The uterine calcium ion content and the mRNA expression of ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and carbonic anhydrase two were increased. Moreover, ovarian IL-1β, Caspase-1, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 mRNA expressions were decreased; luteinising hormone receptor (LHR) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor mRNA expressions were increased. Furthermore, dietary betaine decreased the ovaries' mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT)1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. The methylation level at the promoter region of ovarian LHR decreased. These results indicated that dietary betaine consumption with a concentration of 0.5% could increase the laying rate and the eggshell thickness during the late-laying period. The underlying mechanism may include antioxidative, anti-apoptosis, and hormone-sensitivity-enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Mengna Jing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Aaoyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinfan Yi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Ma W, Huang G, Wang Z, Wang L, Gao Q. IRF7: role and regulation in immunity and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236923. [PMID: 37638030 PMCID: PMC10449649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7 was originally identified as master transcriptional factor that produced IFN-I and regulated innate immune response, subsequent studies have revealed that IRF7 performs a multifaceted and versatile functions in multiple biological processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge of the role of IRF7 in immunity and autoimmunity. We focus on the latest regulatory mechanisms of IRF7 in IFN-I, including signaling pathways, transcription, translation, and post-translational levels, the dimerization and nuclear translocation, and the role of IRF7 in IFN-III and COVID-19. In addition to antiviral immunity, we also discuss the role and mechanism of IRF7 in autoimmunity, and the further research will expand our understanding of IRF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiangguo Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Guo F, Jing M, Zhang A, Yu Y, Gao P, Wang Q, Wang L, Xu Z, Ma J, Zhang Y. Betaine Alleviates LPS-Induced Chicken Skeletal Muscle Inflammation with the Epigenetic Modulation of the TLR4 Gene. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151899. [PMID: 35892549 PMCID: PMC9330308 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poultry meat we eat is the skeletal muscle which comprises approximately three-quarters of the body weight of a chicken. In the modern poultry industry, the intensively raised broilers face the risk of exposure to environmental factors which can cause acute or chronic systemic inflammation. Inflammation, in return, contributes to the pathology of skeletal muscle diseases which are characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass. By adding betaine, a natural component, into the water of the newly hatched broilers for two weeks, we found that inflammation-related gene expression in the leg muscle was remarkably reduced. Specifically, we found that betaine inhibited the LPS-induced abnormal expression of IL-6 and TLR4. Further study indicated that the methylation modulation of the gene may be involved in betaine’s action. We suggest that betaine could be considered a safe and cheap preventive reagent candidate for chicken skeletal muscle inflammatory diseases. Abstract Betaine was found to alleviate inflammation in different studies. Here, newly hatched broilers were randomly divided into control and betaine consumptive groups, who had access to normal drinking water and water with betaine at a dose of 1000 mg/L, respectively. At the age of two weeks, the boilers were intraperitoneally treated with LPS. The protective effects of betaine against LPS-induced skeletal muscle inflammation were studied. Betaine attenuated the LPS-induced overexpression of IL-6 significantly in the leg muscle. Furthermore, LPS lowered the expression of TLR4 and TLR2 but increased the expression of MyD88. Betaine eliminated the effect of LPS on the expression of TLR4 but not TLR2 and MyD88. LPS also increased the expression of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), and this effect was also eliminated by betaine consumption. MeDIP-qPCR analysis showed that the methylation level in the promoter region of IL-6 was decreased by LPS treatment, whilst betaine cannot prevent this effect. On the contrary, LPS significantly increase the methylation level in the promoter region of TLR4, which was decreased by the consumption of betaine. Our findings suggest that betaine can alleviate LPS-induced muscle inflammation in chicken, and the regulation of aberrant DNA methylation might be a possible mechanism.
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Uribe-Diaz S, Nazeer N, Jaime J, Vargas-Bermúdez DS, Yitbarek A, Ahmed M, Rodríguez-Lecompte JC. Folic acid enhances proinflammatory and antiviral molecular pathways in chicken B-lymphocytes infected with a mild infectious bursal disease virus. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:1-13. [PMID: 34287101 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1958298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the effect of folic acid (FA) supplementation on the proinflammatory and antiviral molecular pathways of B-lymphocytes infected with a modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain during a timed post-infection analysis.2. A chicken B-lymphocytes (DT-40) cell line was cultured in triplicate at a concentration of 5 × 105 cells per well in 24-well plates; and was divided into three groups: 1: No virus, FA; 2: Virus, no FA; 3: Virus + FA at a concentration of 3.96 mM. The experiment was repeated three times.3. Cells in groups 2 and 3 were infected with a modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain at one multiplicity of infection (MOI: 1). After 1 hour of virus adsorption, samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours post-infection (hpi).4. The modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain triggered a B-lymphocyte specific immune response associated with the upregulation of genes involved in virus recognition (Igß), virus sensing (TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 and MDA5), signal transduction and regulation (TRIF, MyD88 and IRF7), and the antiviral effector molecules (IFN-α, OAS, PKR, and viperin).5. FA supplementation modulated IBDV replication and regulated the proinflammatory and antiviral downstream molecular pathways.6. In conclusion, the low virulent pathotype serotype I modified live IBDV (ST-12) mild vaccine strain was able to trigger and mount an immune response in chicken B-lymphocytes without affecting B-cell viability. FA supplementation modulated B lymphocytes response and improved their innate immune proinflammatory and antiviral response molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uribe-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - N Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - J Jaime
- Bogotá. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic. Animal Health Department; Infectiology and Immunology Research Centre (CI3V), National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D S Vargas-Bermúdez
- Bogotá. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic. Animal Health Department; Infectiology and Immunology Research Centre (CI3V), National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - M Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - J C Rodríguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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