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Pinarelli Fazion J, Marzoli F, Pezzuto A, Bertola M, Antonelli P, Dolzan B, Barco L, Belluco S. A systematic review of experimental studies on Salmonella persistence in insects. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:44. [PMID: 37640696 PMCID: PMC10462725 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of insects as food and feed has been recently suggested as a possible alternative to the rising global food need, thus it is crucial to monitor any potential food safety hazards in the insect supply chain. The aims of this systematic review were to collect, select, and evaluate studies investigating the persistence of Salmonella in insects. We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, WEB of Science Core Collection, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts. In total, 36 papers investigating the persistence of Salmonella in insects (both holometabolous and heterometabolous) were included after screening. Regarding complete metamorphosis insects, the longest Salmonella persistence was reported in Phormia regina, in which the pathogen persisted for 29 days at 5 °C. Similarly, Salmonella persisted in the feces of Alphitobius diaperinus for 28 days. The incomplete metamorphosis insect showing the longest Salmonella persistence (>10 months) was Blatella germanica. Periplaneta americana excreted Salmonella via feces for 44 days until all the insects were dead. The retrieved data on the persistence of Salmonella can be useful for further analysis by risk assessors and decision-makers involved in the safety of insect-based food, contributing to defining the sanitary requirements and risk mitigation measures along the supply chain. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42022329213).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Pinarelli Fazion
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Marzoli
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pezzuto
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella and, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Laboratory of hygiene and safety of the food chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Via Calvecchia 4, 30027, San Donà di Piave (VE), Italy
| | - Michela Bertola
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Diseases at the Animal/Human Interface and Laboratory of Parasitology, Micology and Sanitary Entomology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Pietro Antonelli
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella and, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Beatrice Dolzan
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- WOAH and Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella and, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of the Food Chain, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
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Wang J, Vaddu S, Bhumanapalli S, Mishra A, Applegate T, Singh M, Thippareddi H. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sources of Salmonella in poultry production (pre-harvest) and their relative contributions to the microbial risk of poultry meat. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102566. [PMID: 36996513 PMCID: PMC10074252 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen associated with poultry and poultry products and a leading cause for human salmonellosis. Salmonella is known to transmit in poultry flocks both vertically and horizontally. However, there is a lack of knowledge on relative contribution of the factors on Salmonella prevalence in poultry live production system including hatchery, feed, water, environment-interior, and -exterior. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the potential sources of Salmonella during preharvest and their relative contributions to the microbial risk of poultry meat. A total of 16,800 studies identified from Google Scholar and 37 relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis for relative contributions to Salmonella positivity on broilers after applying exclusion criteria. A generalized linear mixed model approach combined with logit transformation was used in the current study to stabilize the variance. The analysis revealed that the hatchery is the most significant contributor of Salmonella with a prevalence of 48.5%. Litter, feces, and poultry house internal environment were the other 3 major contributing factors with a prevalence of 25.4, 16.3, and 7.9%, respectively. Moreover, poultry house external environment (4.7%), feed (4.8%), chicks (4.7%), and drinker water also contributed to the Salmonella positivity. Results from this meta-analysis informed the urgent need for controls in live production to further reduce Salmonella in fresh, processed poultry. The control strategies can include eliminating the sources of Salmonella and incorporating interventions in live production to reduce Salmonella concentrations in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - S Vaddu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - S Bhumanapalli
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - A Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - T Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - M Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - H Thippareddi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Calla-Quispe E, Martel C, Ibáñez AJ. Chemical Signals Associated With Gender and Sexual Experience Affect Mating and the Attractiveness of the Poultry Pest, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1156-1163. [PMID: 35796144 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alphitobius diaperinus is one of the most significant pests in the poultry industry. Identifying the role of self-produced chemical signals can help control it. Here, we exposed adults to the olfactory signals of other adults of similar and different genders (either males or females) and sexual experiences (i.e., virgin and experienced) to assess their long-range attractiveness and, at short-range, their mating behavior responses (i.e., touching, mounting, and copulation). In olfactometric experiments, our results indicate that adults are attracted to the olfactory signals of other male adults, independently of gender, or sexual condition, indicating the presence of generalized long-range attractive signals, in contrast to female signals, can be both factor-dependent. However, in mating experiments, virgin males developed more robust mating responses (i.e., they mount and copulate longer with females) compared to sexually experienced males, even though they both have similar precopulatory behavioral responses (i.e., time of antennal and leg touching). These results address the importance of short-range chemical signals in eliciting copulation. Furthermore, when virgins of both genders were tested, their mating responses were significantly longer than any other pair combination, indicating that sexual experience also affects mating behavior. Chemical analyses of adult extracts showed that sexual experience, but not gender, is linked to differences in chemical profiles of adults, primarily involved in short-range signaling. These findings provide new insights into the attractiveness and mating responses of A. diaperinus and the role of sexual experience in shaping the behavior and chemical profile of insects that mate multiple times during their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calla-Quispe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Martel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
- Trait Diversity and Function, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo J Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
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Dzik S, Mituniewicz T, Beisenov A. Efficacy of a Biocidal Paint in Controlling Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Improving the Quality of Air and Litter in Poultry Houses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1264. [PMID: 35625110 PMCID: PMC9137729 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective disinfection and disinsection are the keys to successful operation of modern poultry farms and the safety of poultry products. The cleaning and disinfection of poultry houses are important aspects of farm hygiene management. The correct execution of all steps of cleaning, disinfection, and disinsection procedures and the use of appropriate products are crucial for the prevention and control of zoonotic and animal diseases. In this study it was assumed that a water-based slow-release biocidal paint could be useful in controlling insect pests such as Alphitobius diaperinus and reducing microbiological contamination of air and litter in poultry houses and have a beneficial effect on microclimate in poultry houses. Therefore, the locations of A. diaperinus in the poultry houses, the microbiological contamination of air and litter, as well as the microclimatic conditions in the houses and the physicochemical parameters of the litter were evaluated. The results suggest that the tested biocidal paint could be an effective alternative to other insecticides and disinfectants. Additionally, the research is of a practical nature and may be very useful for poultry producers in controlling A. diaperinus populations and maintaining proper hygiene in poultry houses. Further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dzik
- Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 5 Oczapowski Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Mituniewicz
- Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 5 Oczapowski Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ariphzan Beisenov
- Department of Technology and Biological Resources, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, 8 Abai Avenue, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan;
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Regional Salmonella Differences in United States Broiler Production from 2016 to 2020 and the Contribution of Multiserovar Populations to Salmonella Surveillance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0020422. [PMID: 35384708 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00204-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry remains a considerable source of foodborne salmonellosis despite significant reduction of Salmonella incidence during processing. There are multiple entry points for Salmonella during production that can lead to contamination during slaughter, and it is important to distinguish the serovars present between the different stages to enact appropriate controls. National Salmonella data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) monitoring of poultry processing was analyzed from 2016 to 2020. The overall Salmonella incidence at processing in broiler carcasses and intact parts (parts) decreased from 9.00 to 6.57% over this period. The incidence in parts was higher (11.15%) than in carcasses (4.78%). Regional differences include higher proportions of serovars Infantis and Typhimurium in the Atlantic and higher proportion of serovar Schwarzengrund in the Southeast. For Georgia, the largest broiler-producing state, USDA-FSIS data were compared to Salmonella monitoring data from breeder flocks over the same period, revealing serovar Kentucky as the major serovar in breeders (67.91%) during production but not at processing, suggesting that it is more effectively removed during antimicrobial interventions. CRISPR-SeroSeq was performed on breeder samples collected between 2020 and 2021 to explain the incongruence between pre- and postharvest and showed that 32% of samples contain multiple serovars, with up to 11 serovars found in a single flock. High-resolution sequencing identifies serovar patterns at the population level and can provide insight to develop targeted controls. The work presented may apply to other food production systems where Salmonella is a concern, since it overcomes limitations associated with conventional culture. IMPORTANCE Salmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States, with poultry as a significant Salmonella reservoir. We show the relative decrease in Salmonella over a 5-year period from 2016 to 2020 in processed chicken parts and highlight regional differences with respect to the prevalence of clinically important Salmonella serovars. Our results show that the discrepancy between Salmonella serovars found in pre- and postharvest poultry during surveillance are due in part by the limited detection depth offered by traditional culture techniques. Despite the reduction of Salmonella at processing, the number of human salmonellosis cases has remained stable, which may be attributed to differences in virulence among serovars and their associated risk. When monitoring for Salmonella, it is imperative to identify all serovars present to appropriately assess public health risk and to implement the most effective Salmonella controls.
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Tamburro M, Sammarco ML, Trematerra P, Colacci M, Ripabelli G. Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Insecta, Coleoptera) in a single house of a broiler production facility as a potential source of pathogenic bacteria for broilers and humans. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:883-892. [PMID: 35211998 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pest infestation in any stage can lead to a quality reduction in the finished products. This study aimed to detect Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus in Alphitobius diaperinus adults, and in samples from broiler swabs, administered water and feed collected in a single house from a broiler production facility in central Italy. Three samplings were carried out, each collecting ninety adult beetles for microbial detection in the external, fecal and internal content; ten cloacal swab samples; and one sample of both administered feed and water. Microbiological cultures and biochemical identification were performed on suspected cultures and confirmed by species-specific PCRs. A. diaperinus was abundantly found near the windows, under the manger and in the corners of the facility. Salmonella enterica serovar Cholerasuis was found at the external surface of the beetles, while Staphylococcus xylosus and E. coli in the fecal content. The latter microrganism together with Staphylococcus lentus, S. xylosus and other staphylococcal species were detected in the internal microbiota. E. coli and Campylobacter spp. were observed in cloacal swabs, and S. xylosus in one feed sample. The study findings support evidence for Salmonella spp. and E. coli, and remark that adherence with sanitation rules and biosecurity procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tamburro
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Lucia Sammarco
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pasquale Trematerra
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Colacci
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Ishizuka MM, Leandro NSM, Silva JMSD, Santos RRD, Oliveira HFD, Café MB. Atividade da Metilxantina em pó aplicada na cama de frango sobre adultos de Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-71794p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Uma das pragas que mais afetam e comprometem a produção avícola no mundo é o inseto Alphitobius diaperinus, conhecido como cascudinho. Este inseto é vetor de doenças que comprometem não só a produção de frangos como também a saúde humana. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a eficácia e determinar a dose adequada de Metilxantina (MTX), inseticida natural extraído da cafeína, para o controle da população adulta de cascudinhos em cama de frango. Foram utilizados 2.500 cascudinhos adultos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, cinco tratamentos, 10 repetições com 50 insetos por repetição. Os tratamentos consistiram de grupo controle e quatro concentrações 14 g/m2, 16 g/m2, 18 g/m2, 20 g/m2 de MTX espalhadas em recipientes plásticos contendo cama de frango reutilizada e ração, alocados em um galpão de frangos de corte a fm de simular a condição de granja. Período experimental foi de 18 dias e realizadas cinco leituras nos dias dois, quatro, seis, 10 e 18. A MTX afetou (P<0,05) a taxa de mortalidade acumulada de cascudinhos, grupos de insetos alojados em caixas tratadas com 16 g/m2 de MTX apresentaram maior mortalidade acumulada (86,6%) ao final do período experimental. Conclui-se que MTX tem ação inseticida sobre adultos de cascudinho, podendo ser utilizada sobre a cama de frango para o controle da população deste inseto em galpões de criação de frangos, a concentração 16 g/MTX/m2 demonstrou maior efetividade.
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Ishizuka MM, Leandro NSM, Silva JMSD, Santos RRD, Oliveira HFD, Café MB. Activity of powdered methylxanthine applied to poultry litter on adults of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-71794e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract One of the pests that most affect and compromise poultry production worldwide is the insect Alphitobius diaperinus, known as the lesser mealworm. This insect is a vector of diseases that compromise not only chicken production but also human health. This study proposes to examine the efficacy and determine the appropriate rate of methylxanthine (MTX), a natural insecticide extracted from cafeine, for the control of an adult population of lesser mealworms in poultry litter. A total of 2,500 adult mealworms were distributed into five treatments in a completely randomized design using 10 replications with 50 insects per replication. The treatments consisted of a control group and four concentrations of MTX (14, 16, 18, and 20 g/m2) spread in plastic boxes containing reused poultry litter and feed, allocated in a broiler shed, to simulate the farm condition. The experimental period was 18 days, and five readings were performed on days 2, 4, 6, 10, and 18. Methylxanthine affected (P<0.05) the mealworms’ cumulative mortality rate, with the groups of insects housed in boxes treated with 16 g /m2 MTX showing the highest cumulative mortality (86.6%) at the end of the experimental period. In conclusion, MTX has insecticidal action on adults of lesser mealworm and can be used on chicken litter to control the population of this insect in poultry sheds. The MTX concentration of 16 g/m2 showed the greatest effectiveness.
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Smith R, Hauck R, Macklin K, Price S, Dormitorio T, Wang C. A review of the lesser mealworm beetle ( Alphitobius diaperinus) as a reservoir for poultry bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ruediger Hauck
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Kenneth Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stuart Price
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Teresa Dormitorio
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Ethèves MA, Choisis N, Alvarez S, Dalleau F, Hascoat J, Gallard V, Cardinale E. Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp . enterica persistence in broiler-chicken flocks on Reunion Island. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06278. [PMID: 33748450 PMCID: PMC7969330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the main risk factors for Salmonella spp. persistence in broiler flocks in Reunion Island. Seventy broiler farms were surveyed from March 2016 to June 2018. Samples of fresh droppings were collected using gauze socks, and a questionnaire was completed with the farmers. Persistence was defined as an infection with the same serovar before and after cleaning and disinfection (C/D) of poultry houses. Salmonella spp. was found to persist on 27% of the farms. Cleaning concrete surrounding areas (OR = 0.23) and disinfecting silos (OR = 0.17) reduced the risk of pathogen persistence. An analysis of infections of pests found in the vicinity of the farms confirmed their role in the persistence of Salmonella spp. Fifteen percent of the pests were infected and the presence of mealworms in poultry litter (OR = 6.69) was found to increase the risk of Salmonella spp. persistence. We conclude that improved cleaning-disinfection, sanitary preventive measures and pest control in the poultry sector are needed to avoid the persistence of Salmonella spp. on broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ethèves
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Écosystèmes, CIRAD - BIOS, Cyroi Platform 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - N Choisis
- Groupement de défense sanitaire de La Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, PK23, Bâtiment E/F/G, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
| | - S Alvarez
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Écosystèmes, CIRAD - BIOS, Cyroi Platform 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - F Dalleau
- Groupement de défense sanitaire de La Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, PK23, Bâtiment E/F/G, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
| | - J Hascoat
- Groupement de défense sanitaire de La Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, PK23, Bâtiment E/F/G, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
| | - V Gallard
- Coopérative des Aviculteurs de La Réunion, AVIPOLE, 14 rue de l'Etang, 97450 Saint-Louis, La Réunion, France
| | - E Cardinale
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Écosystèmes, CIRAD - BIOS, Cyroi Platform 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
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Dzik S, Mituniewicz T. Effectiveness of Biocidal Paint Containing Permethrin, Ultramarine and Violet 23 Against Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Laboratories and Poultry Houses. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1461. [PMID: 32825334 PMCID: PMC7552689 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing Alphitobius diaperinus in poultry production is a difficult task. However, attempts should be made to control the insect pest, as it poses a serious threat to the life and health of the chickens, as well as the workers on a farm. Our research was conducted in two stages to assess the effectiveness of the biocidal paint against A. diaperinus, containing active substances such as permethrin and a mixture of ultramarine and violet 23. In the first stage, under laboratory conditions, after 22 days, 100% mortality of A. diaperinus larvae and adults was achieved. This allowed us to assume that the biocidal paint may also be effective in poultry houses. In the poultry house where biocidal paint was applied, the number of insects decreased continuously alongside the sampling dates. In both research stages, the biocidal paint proved more effective against A. diaperinus than traditional limewash, and also the time to effective interaction of the paint was noted. Additionally, it was observed that the larvae were more susceptible to the active substances than adults. The research was practical, however, further analyses are necessary to fully control A. diaperinus, especially in poultry houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dzik
- Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 5 Oczapowski Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Jensen AN, Hansen SH, Baggesen DL. Salmonella Typhimurium Level in Mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor) After Exposure to Contaminated Substrate. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1613. [PMID: 32793145 PMCID: PMC7390942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings of viable Salmonella spp., which are important foodborne pathogens, are seemingly not reported in mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) for feed and food. Still, the bacterial load of mealworms is naturally high and includes members of the Enterobacteriaceae family to which Salmonella belong. This indicates that Salmonella may be able to thrive in mealworms if introduced into the production. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quantitative level of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) in mealworms over a 14-day course after exposure to substrate contaminated with ST levels from 1.7 to 7.4 log CFU/g at start (i.e., day 0). The level of ST found in larvae was below the quantitative detection level (1 or 2 log CFU/g) on day 1 in larvae exposed to contamination levels of 1.7, 3.4, and 3.6 log CFU/g opposed to contamination levels of 5.4, 5.6, and 7.4 log CFU/g, respectively. The maximum level of ST detected in individual 1-g larvae samples was 5.8 log CFU/g, but the level varied among the triplicate samples from each sampling, and the highest average value was 5.3 ± 0.3. Beyond day 7, only larvae exposed to the contamination level of 7.4 log CFU/g were >1.0 log CFU/g in the triplicate samples. However, qualitative testing (10 g) showed the presence of ST in larvae until the end of the experiment on day 14 except for the lowest contamination level of 1.7 log CFU/g. Parallel testing of surface disinfected larvae indicated that some larvae may be ST-positive due to Salmonella residing on the surface only. Still, any detection of Salmonella is of concern from a food safety perspective. In substrate with contamination levels below 3.6 log CFU/g, the level of ST was below the quantitative detection limit within a few days. Still, ST was detected until the end of experiment on day 14 except for the lowest contamination level of 1.7 log CFU/g. This study indicates the importance of avoiding introduction of Salmonella into the production, e.g., via contaminated substrate in order to avoid Salmonella-positive larvae as they remained positive for at least 14 days (except at the lowest contamination level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Nygaard Jensen
- Division of Microbiology and Production, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Use of Starch Granules Enriched with Carvacrol for the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Control in Chicken House: Effects on Insects and Poultry. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:168-174. [PMID: 32461732 PMCID: PMC7248010 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of starch granules enriched with carvacrol and mixed with straw pellets (as poultry litter) on the mortality of larvae and adults of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, a cosmopolitan pest inhabiting chicken houses in vast numbers worldwide. Additionally, the effect of starch granules on the growth parameters and survival of broiler chickens exposed to treated litter was examined. In this study, granules containing 3, 5, and 10% carvacrol was used. In a simulated chicken house bioassay, this material was mixed with pellets in three different proportions: 30/70%, 40/60%, and 50/50% (granules/pellets, respectively). On this medium, young larvae (approximately 10 days old), older larvae (last stage before pupa), and unsexed 7–10 days old adults of the lesser mealworm, with access to food, were colonized. Experiments were performed at 29°C in the dark. The study shows that poultry litter with the addition of starch granules enriched with 10% of carvacrol in the proportion of 40:60% (granules:pellets) appears to be the optimal medium applicable to broiler houses for A. diaperinus control. In this environment, all larvae and adults died within 3–4 days and the overall development of the experimental chickens was similar to that of the control. However, the feed conversion rate was slightly higher in the treated group (1.72) than in the control group (1.56). The average final body weight in the treated group was 100 g lower than that in the control group (the differences were not statistically significant).
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Selaledi L, Mbajiorgu CA, Mabelebele M. The use of yellow mealworm (T. molitor) as alternative source of protein in poultry diets: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:7-16. [PMID: 31392553 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein sources are known to be the second largest component in the poultry sector. Traditionally, fish and soya-bean meals are known to supply very good protein; however, these are restricted in supply and more expensive than energy sources. The prices of soya-bean meal are currently high and tend to fluctuate with changes in climatic conditions and social situations in the countries where it is produced. Developing countries like South Africa have made enormous investments in soya-bean production, despite that the country still imports considerable volumes of this crop and is not self-sufficient. This then means that there is an urgent need to seek for alternative and cost-effective protein sources that can provide the same nutrients as soya-bean and fish meal for poultry production. Tenebrio molitor L. which is commonly known as yellow mealworm has a huge potential to substitute commonly used protein sources in poultry diets. Mealworms are easy to breed and do not require large area for production. Moreover, they have high nutritional value comparable to that of soya-bean and fishmeal. However, the only limiting nutrient for mealworms is calcium which can be easily supplemented in the diets. Therefore, this review sets out to explore the importance of replacing soya bean with mealworms in poultry diets. Furthermore, the life cycle of meal worms will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Selaledi
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C A Mbajiorgu
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Mabelebele
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Wynants E, Frooninckx L, Van Miert S, Geeraerd A, Claes J, Van Campenhout L. Risks related to the presence of Salmonella sp. during rearing of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) for food or feed: Survival in the substrate and transmission to the larvae. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Cruz WO, Sinhori GGC, de Lima CAR, Pontes EG. Biochemical Properties of α-Amylase from Midgut of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:698-708. [PMID: 29484545 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is the main insect pest in the poultry industry, thus causing serious damage to production. In this work, the properties of midgut α-amylase from larvae of A. diaperinus were characterized, and its in vitro activity to proteinaceous preparations from different cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was determined, as well as the amylolitic activity of insects reared on different types of poultry diet. In order to establish some assay conditions, time course and enzyme concentration upon the reaction rate were determined. Product proceeded linearly with time, and the activity was directly proportional to the enzyme concentration. Banding patterns in mildly denaturing electrophoresis showed a single band with apparent molecular weight of 42 kDa. α-Amylase reached optimal temperature at 45°C and pH 5.0 as the optimal one. It maintained 34.6% of the activity after being kept at 60°C for 5 min, and 23%, after 60 min. However, at 80°C, only 14 and 6% remained after 5 and 60 min, respectively. The presence of Ca2+ and Na+ ions decreased the enzyme activity at concentrations higher than 2 and 100 mM, respectively. The activity was significantly inhibited by some proteinaceous extracts from common bean cultivars, and it declined with increasing proteinaceous concentration. No significant difference was observed when the amylolytic activity was determined in A. diaperinus reared on different poultry diets, offered to broilers in the starter, grower, finisher, and layer phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Cruz
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil.
| | - G G C Sinhori
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil
| | - C A R de Lima
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - E G Pontes
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil
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Wilson KM, Bourassa DV, McLendon BL, Wilson JL, Buhr RJ. Impact of Skip-a-Day and Every-Day Feeding Programs for Broiler Breeder Pullets on the Recovery of Salmonella and Campylobacter following challenge. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2775-2784. [PMID: 29889277 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of restrictive feeding programs on Salmonella and Campylobacter colonization and persistence after challenge was investigated for broiler breeder pullets housed in an experimental rearing facility. Pullet-chicks were placed on litter in 3 feeding program rooms and each room contained 2 replicate pens. The feeding programs were: (1) Skip-a-day in trough feeders (SAD); (2) Every-day in trough feeders (EDT); (3) Every-day on the pen litter (EDL). On d 1, an additional group of hatchmate chicks were housed in a separate room and gavaged with Salmonella Typhimurium, to later serve as seeder chicks. After seeders were confirmed Salmonella-positive at wk 4, at wk 5 seeders were placed into each feeding program pen to commingle with 135 penmates. At 7, 9, 11, 17, 18, and 20 wk the litter surface in each pen was sampled using intermittently stepped-on drag-swabs. At 8, 12, 16, and 20 wk of age the ceca were sampled from 10 penmates/pen and 2 pooled spleen samples/pen were collected. SAD litter remained Salmonella-positive through 20 wk of age while EDL and EDT pens had no detectible litter Salmonella recovery by 18 and 20 wk. EDL fed pens had no direct (<102 cfu/mL) litter Salmonella recovery during the entirety of the experiment. Salmonella prevalence for ceca from SAD pullets was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 8 wk (70%) compared to EDT (40%) and EDL (30%). At wk 12, SAD pullets for both on and off-feed sampling days had significantly higher Salmonella recovery (40%), compared to EDT and EDL (both at 5% recovery). By 16 and 20 wk, only the SAD pullets on the on-feed day (48 h without feed) had recovery of Salmonella at 20%. Salmonella recovery in pooled spleen samples did not appear associated with feeding treatments (22% positive). The remaining pullets challenged with Campylobacter at 21 wk produced similar trends as was seen for Salmonella. SAD program pullets had significantly higher Campylobacter from ceca (80 to 100%) compared to pullets on EDL (30 to 60%) or EDT (40 to 95%). These results suggest that using a Skip-a-Day feeding program for broiler breeder pullets contributes to persistently higher Salmonella and Campylobacter ceca colonization and litter prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Wilson
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605-2702.,Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - D V Bourassa
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605-2702
| | - B L McLendon
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - J L Wilson
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - R J Buhr
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, 30605-2702
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Szczepanik M, Walczak M, Zawitowska B, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Szumny A, Wawrzeńczyk C, Brzezinska MS. Chemical composition, antimicromicrobial activity and insecticidal activity against the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) and Artemisia dracunculus L. essential oils. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:767-774. [PMID: 28675464 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils (EOs) from Artemisia dracunculus L. and Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum were obtained and the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the extracts was investigated. The insecticidal activity of EOs against the larval stages of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) was studied. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of these oils against pathogens transmitted by this pest was also investigated. RESULTS The obtained results indicate the possibility of using Greek oregano EO with a high content of carvacrol as a feed additive in poultry nutrition. The use of the Greek oregano oil at 1% (w/w) dose showed stronger reduction of body weight gain of stage IV larvae. Their body mass was only 10.92% of the control. Moreover, EOs from O. vulgare strongly inhibited the growth of tested bacterial strains as well as Candida albicans. CONCLUSION Greek oregano EO may be a good alternative to antibiotic growth promoters and coccidiostats whose use in feeding farm animals has been prohibited since January 2006 under European Union directives. The introduction of O. vulgare L. ssp. hirtum EO into the premises of farm and poultry houses may help to improve sanitary conditions and control of the lesser mealworm inhabiting these buildings. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryla Szczepanik
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Beata Zawitowska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Marta Michalska-Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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Crippen TL, Sheffield CL, Beier RC, Nisbet DJ. The horizontal transfer of Salmonella between the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and poultry manure. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e23-e33. [PMID: 28925562 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is need to determine the nature of enduring reservoirs of Salmonella contributing to perpetual contamination within poultry flocks. The dispersal of Salmonella between birds, litter and the lesser mealworm has been established, but the extent that these act as critical components in the epidemiology of Salmonella infection during broiler grow-out and flock rotation has not been delineated; in particular, the level of participation by the lesser mealworm beetles (LMB) as agents of retention and dispersal. This study defines this route of transmission and provides empirical data on bacterial loads that facilitate Salmonella transfer. Results showed differential Salmonella transfer dependent on bacterial concentration. At 103 cfu/ml, only a small, but not significant, amount of Salmonella was transferred, from the LMB to the manure and back to uninfected LMB; while from 105 to 107 cfu/ml, a significant acquisition and transfer occurred both internally and externally to the LMB over 4 and 24 hr exposures. These data will be used in correlation with facility management practices to develop intervention strategies to mitigate the establishment and spreading of reservoir Salmonella populations contributing to pre-harvest contamination of poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Crippen
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, USA
| | - C L Sheffield
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R C Beier
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, USA
| | - D J Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, USA
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20
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Lyons BN, Crippen TL, Zheng L, Teel PD, Swiger SL, Tomberlin JK. Susceptibility of Alphitobius diaperinus in Texas to permethrin- and β-cyfluthrin-treated surfaces. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:562-567. [PMID: 27239985 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective control of the lesser mealworm beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus, relies heavily on insecticides. The susceptibility level of beetles to these insecticides can be dependent on active ingredient, population treated, formulation, surface treated and timing of observation. The susceptibility of adult beetles from six populations to β-cyfluthrin was determined up to 48 h after exposure. The susceptibility of adult beetles to the label rate of β-cyfluthrin and permethrin formulations on concrete, wood-chip-type particle board and pressure-treated wood was determined up to 48 h post-exposure. RESULTS Variation in LC50 values at 2 and 24 h was found within and between beetle populations from two regions of Texas. The permethrin formulation had lower mean mortality than the β-cyfluthrin formulation on all surfaces tested. The permethrin formulation had high levels of recovery on all surfaces tested after 2 h. Surface affected the efficacy of the insecticides tested on killing adult beetles. CONCLUSION Permethrin-based insecticide had lower knockdown and persistence on various surfaces over time than β-cyfluthrin-based insecticide. Beetle recovery in less susceptible populations may necessitate longer observation periods for efficacy evaluations. Our study also shows that surfaces chosen can affect the efficacy of the compound on killing adult beetles. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N Lyons
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tawni L Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Le Zheng
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pete D Teel
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Hassemer MJ, Sant'Ana J, Borges M, Withall D, Pickett JA, de Oliveira MWM, Laumann RA, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Revisiting the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): Identification of a Six-Component Pheromone from a Brazilian Population. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6809-18. [PMID: 27494353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a cosmopolitan insect pest affecting poultry production. Due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide control is usually not efficient. Thus, sustainable and effective methods would have an enormous and positive impact in poultry production. The aim of this study was to confirm the identity of the male-produced aggregation pheromone for a Brazilian population of A. diaperinus and to evaluate its biological activity in behavioral assays. Six male-specific compounds were identified: (R)-limonene (1), (E)-ocimene (2), 2-nonanone (3), (S)-linalool (4), (R)-daucene (5), all described before in an American population, and a sixth component, (E,E)-α-farnesene (6), which is apparently exclusive to a Brazilian population. Y-Tube bioassays confirmed the presence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone and showed that all components need to be present in a similar ratio and concentration as emitted by male A. diaperinus to produce a positive chemotactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla J Hassemer
- UnB - Universidade de Brası́lia , Departamento de Zoologia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brası́lia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , PPG-Fitotecnia, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 7712 Porto Alegre, RS 90040-060, Brazil
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia , Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, 70770-917 Brası́lia, Brazil
| | - Josué Sant'Ana
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , PPG-Fitotecnia, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 7712 Porto Alegre, RS 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Miguel Borges
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia , Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, 70770-917 Brası́lia, Brazil
| | - David Withall
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Pickett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Márcio W M de Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia , Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, 70770-917 Brası́lia, Brazil
| | - Raul A Laumann
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia , Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, 70770-917 Brası́lia, Brazil
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C Blassioli-Moraes
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia , Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, 70770-917 Brası́lia, Brazil
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Preharvest food safety in broiler production is a systematic approach to control the introduction, propagation, and dissemination of
Salmonella
and
Campylobacter
from breeder flocks to the end of their progeny (broilers) life cycle. New and revised more stringent performance standards for these pathogens at the processing plant level require continuous evaluation of the preharvest management practices and intervention strategies used by the poultry industry. The implementation of stricter biosecurity plans, vaccination of breeder flocks for
Salmonella
, and usage of feed that is free of animal by-products are some of the measures recommended to control the pathogens. Interventions shown to be effective in experimental settings need to be assessed for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency when applied at the farm level.
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Renkema JM, Haverkamp S, DeBruyn J, Dam A, Hager HA. Effects of Miscanthus × giganteus and Wheat Straw on Behavior, Survival, and Growth of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1478-1481. [PMID: 27106226 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), damages poultry barns, vectors poultry diseases, inhibits poultry weight gain, and consumes poultry feed. Management of the pest is a challenge because of its resistance to several insecticides, difficulty in treating infestations that can be concealed in locations within barns, and the high populations that occur around spilled poultry feed. However, few A. diaperinus were observed in Miscanthus × giganteus straw in a case where it was used as an alternative bedding material in open-floor poultry production in Ontario. To investigate this, we tested the effects of Miscanthus × giganteus and wheat straw on A. diaperinus behavior, survival, and growth in laboratory experiments. In these experiments, adult beetles preferred to inhabit wheat straw, whereas late-instar larvae preferred Miscanthus × giganteus . As a result, more adult beetles emerged from pupae in Miscanthus × giganteus than in wheat, but there was no difference in emerged beetle weight. Early-instar larvae survived and increased in weight at similar rates in both straw types. Thus, while adult A. diaperinus strongly preferred wheat straw given a choice, late-instar preference and pupae emergence suggest that Miscanthus × giganteus may not be useful for suppressing A. diaperinus populations.
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Wilson K, Bourassa D, Davis A, Freeman M, Buhr R. The addition of charcoals to broiler diets did not alter the recovery of Salmonella Typhimurium during grow-out. Poult Sci 2016; 95:694-704. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Alves LFA, Oliveira DGP, Lambkin T, Bonini AK, Alves V, Pinto FGS, Scur MC. Beauveria Bassiana Applied to Broiler Chicken Houses as Biocontrol of Alphitobius Diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), an Avian Pathogens Vector. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1704459-466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LFA Alves
- State University of Western Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - T Lambkin
- Entomologist at Ensource Consulting Pty Ltd, Australia
| | - AK Bonini
- State University of Western Paraná, Brazil
| | - V Alves
- State University of Western Paraná, Brazil
| | - FGS Pinto
- State University of Western Paraná, Brazil
| | - MC Scur
- State University of Western Paraná, Brazil
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Hassemer MJ, Sant'Ana J, de Oliveira MWM, Borges M, Laumann RA, Caumo M, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Chemical Composition of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Abdominal Glands and the Influence of 1,4-benzoquinones on its Behavior. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2107-2116. [PMID: 26470358 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and quantify the compounds present in the abdominal glands of Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and to evaluate the influence of these compounds on its behavior. The extraction of volatiles present in the abdominal glands was made by dissection (10 individuals per sex) and by air entrainment (200 insects per sex), and they were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and gas chromatograph-electroantennography detector (GC-EAD). The influence of these volatiles on the behavior of conspecifics was evaluated in a four-arm olfactometer. Twenty-three compounds were identified from male and female abdominal gland extracts, of which six were quinones: the 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and the 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone were the major components, and 1,4 benzoquinone and three hydroquinones were registered for the first time for this species. The GC-EAD analysis using the crude extracts from abdominal glands showed that male and female antennae responded to the three major benzoquinones. For the olfactometer bioassays, both genders were repelled either by the abdominal gland extracts or by synthetic solutions containing the three benzoquinones. The results suggest that the 1,4-benzoquinones play a role as a repellent to A. diaperinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hassemer
- UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica - W5 Norte, Brasília, Brazil
| | - J Sant'Ana
- UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M W M de Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica - W5 Norte, Brasília, Brazil
| | - M Borges
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica - W5 Norte, Brasília, Brazil
| | - R A Laumann
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica - W5 Norte, Brasília, Brazil
| | - M Caumo
- UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M C Blassioli-Moraes
- EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica - W5 Norte, Brasília, Brazil
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Grudniewska A, Kłobucki M, Dancewicz K, Szczepanik M, Gabryś B, Wawrzeńczyk C. Synthesis and Antifeedant Activity of Racemic and Optically Active Hydroxy Lactones with the p-Menthane System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131028. [PMID: 26132506 PMCID: PMC4488555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two racemic and two enantiomeric pairs of new δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones based on the p-menthane system were prepared from racemic and optically active cis- and trans-piperitols. The Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of the piperitols, epoxidation of the γδ-unsaturated esters, and acidic lactonization of the epoxy esters were described. The structures of the compounds were confirmed spectroscopically. The antifeedant activities of the hydroxy lactones and racemic piperitone were evaluated against three insect pests: lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer); Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); and peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.). The chemical transformation of piperitone by the introduction of a lactone moiety and a hydroxy group changed its antifeedant properties. Behavioral bioassays showed that the feeding deterrent activity depended on the insect species and the structure of the compounds. All hydroxy lactones deterred the settling of M. persicae. Among chewing insects, the highest sensitivity showed A. diaperinus adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grudniewska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Kłobucki
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maryla Szczepanik
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Yeasmin AM, Waliullah TM, Rahman ASMS. Synergistic effects of chlorpyrifos with piperonyl butoxide (pbo) against the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(14)60044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Moraes DMC, Andrade MA, Minafra-Rezende CS, Barnabé ACDS, Jayme VDS, Nunes IA, Batista DDA. Fontes de infecção e perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos de Salmonella sp. isoladas no fluxo de produção de frangos de corte. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657001092012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de pesquisar Salmonella em amostras de fígado, coração, saco da gema e mecônio de pintos de corte de um dia; inglúvios e cecos obtidos em abatedouros e em suabes de arrasto; larvas ou adultos de Alphitobius diaperinus. Complementarmente, determinou-se o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos: amoxicilina (10 mcg), ampicilina (10 mcg), ciprofloxacina (5 mcg), enrofloxacina (5 mcg), florfenicol (30 mcg), neomicina (30 mcg), sulfonamida (300 mcg), tetraciclina (30 mcg) e trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (25 mcg) dos serovares tipificados isolados. As amostras foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas pelos métodos bacteriológicos convencionais. Salmonella sp. foi isolada em 6,2% (4/64) do fígado, 4,7% (3/64) do coração, 3,1% (2/64) dos sacos da gema e 4,7% (3/64) do mecônio, num total de 4,7% (12/256) (pinto de um dia); em 10,2% (13/128) das amostras ambientais, sendo 9,4% (9/96) de suabes de arrasto 12,5%, (4/32) de larvas e adultos Alphitobius diaperinus e em 4,4% (28/640) das amostras em abatedouros, sendo 6,5% (21/320) dos inglúvios e 2,2% (7/320) dos conteúdos cecais de abatedouro. Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis foi identificada em suabes de arrasto e em amostras de Alphitobius diaperinus, enquanto Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium foi encontrada nos inglúvios e cecos. Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis apresentaram 75% (6/8) de resistência às sulfonamidas e Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium 100% (3/3). A amoxicilina foi outro antimicrobiano com elevada frequência de resistência. Adicionalmente, 20,7% (11/53) dos serovares apresentaram resistência simultânea a pelo menos dois princípios ativos. Conclui-se que Salmonella encontra-se amplamente distribuída no fluxo de produção de frangos de corte, e a via vertical continua sendo uma fonte de introdução de Salmonella sp. à cadeia de produção; cama e insetos podem perpetuar e veicular Salmonella de interesse zoonótico no ambiente avícola; a existência de cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos, bem como a resistência múltipla, constituem ameaça à saúde pública.
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