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Kic P. Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2322. [PMID: 37508099 PMCID: PMC10376417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this composition. Measurements with a Dust-Track 8530 laser photometer took place in the summer at external temperatures of 29.5 to 36 °C. In barns with straw bedding, the average total dust concentration TDC was 66.98 ± 28.38 μg·m-3 (PM10 60.11 ± 19.93 μg·m-3, PM4 49.48 ± 13.76 μg·m-3, PM2.5 44.78 ± 10.18 μg·m-3, and PM1 38.43 ± 9.29 μg·m-3). In barns without straw bedding, the average TDC was 55.91 ± 36.6 μg·m-3, PM10 33.71 ± 13.86 μg·m-3, PM4 30.69 ± 15.29 μg·m-3, PM2.5 27.02 ± 13.38 μg·m-3, and PM1 22.93 ± 10.48 μg·m-3. The largest TDC of 108.09 ± 32.93 μg·m-3 (PM10 69.80 ± 18.70 μg·m-3, PM4 68.20 ± 18.41 μg·m-3, PM2.5 53.27 ± 14.73 μg·m-3, and PM1 38.46 ± 5.55 μg·m-3) was measured in an old cowshed with stanchion housing for 113 cows, straw bedding, and ventilation through windows. In a modern cowshed for loose housing of 440 lactating cows without straw bedding, with natural ventilation and 24 axial fans, TDC was 53.62 ± 49.52 μg·m-3, PM10 20.91 ± 5.24 μg·m-3, PM4 17.11 ± 3.23 μg·m-3, PM2.5 13.71 ± 0.92 μg·m-3, and PM1 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m-3. In all investigated barns, a large proportion of airborne dust particles (54.38 ± 20.82% of TDC) consists of the smallest PM1 dust particles (from 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m-3 to 48.48 ± 1.18 μg·m-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kic
- Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Brink M, Janssens GP, Delezie E. How do moisture content, friability, and crust development of litter influence ammonia concentrations in broiler production? Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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van der Eijk JA, Rommers JM, van Hattum T, Parmentier HK, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Aarnink AJ, Rebel JM. Respiratory health of broilers following chronic exposure to airborne endotoxin. Res Vet Sci 2022; 147:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Verwoolde MB, Arts J, Jansen CA, Parmentier HK, Lammers A. Transgenerational Effects of Maternal Immune Activation on Specific Antibody Responses in Layer Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:832130. [PMID: 35252424 PMCID: PMC8891521 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.832130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the maternal immune system may affect innate and adaptive immune responses in the next generation and may therefore have implications for vaccine efficacy and dietary immune modulation by feed additives. However, transgenerational effects on immune responses in chickens have been investigated to a limited extend. The present study investigated effects of intratracheal (i.t) specific and aspecific immune activation of laying hens on specific antibody production in the next generation. In two experiments laying hens received intratracheally an immune stimulus with human serum albumin (HuSA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In experiment 1, hatchlings of the immune activated hens were at 4 weeks i.t. immunized with HuSA or HuSA+LPS. Maternal immune activation with LPS increased HuSA specific IgY and IgM responses in offspring. These results suggest a transgenerational effect of the maternal immune system on the specific antibody response in the next generation. In experiment 2 hatchlings received either β-glucan-enriched feed or control feed and were i.t. immunized with HuSA. Maternal immune activation with LPS decreased IgY anti-HuSA responses after HuSA immunization within hatchlings that received β-glucan enriched feed. The results of Experiment 2 suggest a transgenerational link between the innate immune system of mother and specific antibody responses in offspring. Despite variabilities in the outcomes of the two experiments, the observations of both suggest a link between the maternal innate immune system and the immune system of the offspring. Furthermore, our results may imply that maternal activation of the innate immune system can influence immune modulating dietary interventions and vaccine strategies in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel B. Verwoolde
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joop Arts
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Aart Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Aart Lammers
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Yip JYC. Peritoneal Dialysis Failure and its Impact on Holistic Kidney Care: A Case Report. SAGE Open Nurs 2021; 7:23779608211037496. [PMID: 34869856 PMCID: PMC8642045 DOI: 10.1177/23779608211037496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peritonitis remains the primary cause of treatment failure among patients with
end-stage kidney disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, detailed
case analyses illustrating the application of current research in clinical practice
remain scant. This case report aimed to elucidate the roles of dialysis nurses in a
hospital setting in the management of a 62-year-old male patient with a history of
kidney failure secondary to amyloidosis. Case Presentation The patient was diagnosed with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated
peritonitis. Management and Outcomes Dialysis nurses applied evidence-based practices in the management of the patient’s
exit-site infection, imbalanced nutrition, and psychosocial concerns. The patient was
discharged after 7 days, with a comprehensive treatment regimen, including an
individualized peritoneal dialysis protocol adjusted to his daily schedules, education
on self-care techniques, and continual nutritional management to prevent recurrence and
improve his overall health. This case report shows that admissions for continuous
ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis require evidence-based nursing
interventions specific to, and geared toward, each patient’s prioritized health
problems. Discussion Peritonitis cases are preventable with appropriate nursing interventions that can lower
the chance of treatment failure and long-term impact caused by an abrupt switch to
hemodialysis. To successfully manage patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal
dialysis-associated peritonitis, dialysis nurses should appreciate the intricacies of
the analyses underpinning their professional practices in promoting the patient’s
self-care techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Yuk Chiu Yip
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Zheng A, Zhang A, Chen Z, Pirzado SA, Chang W, Cai H, Bryden WL, Liu G. Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:90. [PMID: 34253261 PMCID: PMC8276383 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunological stress decreases feed intake, suppresses growth and induces economic losses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Label-free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics techniques were employed to investigate effects of immune stress on the hepatic proteome changes of Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus Gallus domesticus) challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results Proteomic analysis indicated that 111 proteins were differentially expressed in the liver of broiler chickens from the immune stress group. Of these, 28 proteins were down-regulated, and 83 proteins were up-regulated in the immune stress group. Enrichment analysis showed that immune stress upregulated the expression of hepatic proteins involved in defense function, amino acid catabolism, ion transport, wound healing, and hormone secretion. Furthermore, immune stress increased valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. Conclusion The data suggests that growth depression of broiler chickens induced by immune stress is triggered by hepatic proteome alterations, and provides a new insight into the mechanism by which immune challenge impairs poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wayne L Bryden
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China.
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7
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Pepper CM, Dunlop MW. Review of litter turning during a grow-out as a litter management practice to achieve dry and friable litter in poultry production. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101071. [PMID: 33848927 PMCID: PMC8065223 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining dry litter that chickens can “work” is a key objective for successful meat chicken production as it reduces the likelihood of health and welfare issues by breaking down and working excreta and contributing to the water evaporation process. Litter turning is a practice that may help reduce moisture content within the litter by accelerating the drying process when it is combined with effective ventilation. However, information and research about the practice and the effects it could have on the health and well-being of meat chickens (broilers) are minimal. A recent survey of Australian meat chicken growers reiterated the concerns they have about its impact on chicken well-being, but it also demonstrated how growers thought it could enhance the effectiveness of their operation. The aim of this review paper is to identity information relevant to litter turning and the potential effects of this practice on litter quality, ammonia emissions, litter moisture, and animal welfare. This review demonstrates the need for additional research to validate perceptions and address potential concerns and impacts that this practice may have on broiler production. Closing this knowledge gap will improve litter turning practices leading to safer and more consistent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Marie Pepper
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mark W Dunlop
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Impact of luminal and systemic endotoxin exposure on gut function, immune response and performance of chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Fan X, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Lin H. Lipopolysaccharide impairs mucin secretion and stimulated mucosal immune stress response in respiratory tract of neonatal chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:71-78. [PMID: 29203321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chicken immune system is immature at the time of hatching. The development of the respiratory immune system after hatching is vital to young chicks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LPS on respiratory mucin and IgA production in chicks. In this study, we selected 7days old AA broilers of similar weigh randomly; LPS atomized at 1mg/kg body weigh dose in the confined space of 1 cubic meter. The chickens exposed for 2h. Then collect samples after 4h and 8h respectively. Compared to control, LPS inhibited mucus production in BALF, caused a rising trend of the concentration of IgA in serum and BALF, and increased the protein expression of IgA in lung tissue. And LPS treat induced a decreasing trend of the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TGF-β and significantly decreased the gene expression of TGF-α and EGFR after 4h. After 8h the LPS suppressed the TGF-β mRNA expression significantly. In addition, LPS treatment stimulated airway epithelial cilia sparse after 4h. Therefore, results proved: LPS can impair mucin expression and stimulated mucosal immune stress reaction of respiratory tract. This study suggested that LPS involved in respiratory tract mucosal immune response in chicks by regulating gene expression of cytokines and epithelial growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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10
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Skipitytė R, Mašalaitė A, Garbaras A, Mickienė R, Ragažinskienė O, Baliukonienė V, Bakutis B, Šiugždaitė J, Petkevičius S, Maruška AS, Remeikis V. Stable isotope ratio method for the characterisation of the poultry house environment. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:243-260. [PMID: 27633837 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1230609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis was applied to describe the poultry house environment. The poultry house indoor environment was selected for this study due to the relevant health problems in animals and their caretakers. Air quality parameters including temperature, relative humidity, airflow rate, NH3, CO2 and total suspended particles, as well as mean levels of total airborne bacteria and fungi count, were measured. Carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) were obtained in size-segregated aerosol particles. The carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotope ratios were measured in feed, litter, scrapings from the ventilation system, feathers and eggs. Additionally, the distribution of δ13C and δ15N values in different tissues of the chicken was examined. The airborne bacteria and fungi extracted from the air filters collected from poultry farms were grown in the laboratory in media with known isotope values and measured for stable isotope ratios. Analysis of isotope fractionation between microorganisms and their media indicated the applicability of stable isotope analysis in bulk samples for the identification of source material. The analysed examples imply that stable isotope analysis can be used to examine the indoor environment along with its biology and ecology, and serve as an informative bioanalytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Skipitytė
- a Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Agnė Mašalaitė
- a Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- a Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Rūta Mickienė
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Centre of Environmental Research, Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Ona Ragažinskienė
- c Sector of Medicinal Plants , Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Violeta Baliukonienė
- d Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Bronius Bakutis
- d Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Šiugždaitė
- e Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Saulius Petkevičius
- e Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Academy , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Audrius Sigitas Maruška
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Centre of Environmental Research, Vytautas Magnus University , Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Remeikis
- a Institute of Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Vilnius , Lithuania
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11
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Effects of dust, formaldehyde and delayed feeding on early postnatal development of broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:201-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Al Masri S, Kattanek M, Richardson KC, Hafez HM, Plendl J, Hünigen H. Comparative Quantitative Studies on the Microvasculature of the Heart of a Highly Selected Meat-Type and a Wild-Type Turkey Line. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170858. [PMID: 28118415 PMCID: PMC5261739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the heart of a fast growing, meat-type turkey line (British United turkeys BUT Big 6) and a wild-type turkey line (Canadian Wild turkey) were compared. At 8 and 16 weeks of age, 10 birds of each genotype and sex were sampled. The body mass and heart mass of the meat-type turkey both increased at a faster rate than those of the wild-type turkey. However in both turkey lines, the relative heart mass decreased slightly with age, the decrease was statistically significant only in the male turkeys. Furthermore meat-type turkeys had a significantly (p < 0.01) lower relative heart mass and relative thickness of the left ventricle compared to the wild-type turkeys of the same age. The wild-type turkeys showed no significant change in the size of cardiomyocytes (cross sectional area and diameter) from 8 weeks to 16 weeks. In contrast, the size of cardiomyocytes increased significantly (p < 0.001) with age in the meat-type turkeys. The number of capillaries in the left ventricular wall increased significantly (p < 0.001) in wild-type turkeys from 2351 per mm2 at the age of 8 weeks to 2843 per mm2 at 16 weeks. However, in the meat-type turkeys there were no significant changes, capillary numbers being 2989 per mm2 at age 8 weeks and 2915 per mm2 at age 16 weeks. Correspondingly the area occupied by capillaries in the myocardium increased in wild-type turkeys from 8.59% at the age of 8 weeks to 9.15% at 16 weeks, whereas in meat-type turkeys this area decreased from 10.4% at 8 weeks to 9.95% at 16 weeks. Our results indicate a mismatch in development between body mass and heart mass and a compromised cardiac capillary density and architecture in the meat-type turkeys in comparison to the wild-type turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Al Masri
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Kattanek
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth C. Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Hafez Mohamed Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hana Hünigen
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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O'Brien KM, Chimenti MS, Farnell M, Tabler T, Bair T, Bray JL, Nonnenmann MW. High throughput genomic sequencing of bioaerosols in broiler chicken production facilities. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:782-791. [PMID: 27470660 PMCID: PMC5072194 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inhalation exposure to agricultural dust promotes the development of chronic respiratory diseases among poultry workers. Poultry dust is composed of dander, chicken feed, litter bedding and microbes. However, the microbial composition and abundance has not been fully elucidated. Genomic DNA was extracted from settled dust and personal inhalable dust collected while performing litter sampling or mortality collection tasks. DNA libraries were sequenced using a paired‐end sequencing‐by‐synthesis approach on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Sequencing data showed that poultry dust is predominantly composed of bacteria (64–67%) with a small quantity of avian, human and feed DNA (< 2% of total reads). Staphylococcus sp. AL1, Salinicoccus carnicancri and Lactobacillus crispatus were the most abundant bacterial species in personal exposure samples of inhalable dust. Settled dust had a moderate relative abundance of these species as well as Staphylococcus lentus and Lactobacillus salivarius. There was a statistical difference between the microbial composition of aerosolized and settled dust. Unlike settled dust composition, aerosolized dust composition had little variance between samples. These data provide an extensive analysis of the microbial composition and relative abundance in personal inhalable poultry dust and settled poultry dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M O'Brien
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Bioinformatics Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Morgan Farnell
- Mississippi State University Extension Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Tom Tabler
- Mississippi State University Extension Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Bair
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Bioinformatics Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joey L Bray
- Department of Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Matthew W Nonnenmann
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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14
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Huang WH, Yen TH, Chan MJ, Su YJ. Impact of environmental particulate matter and peritoneal dialysis-related infection in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e149. [PMID: 25437027 PMCID: PMC4616373 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), PD-related infection is a major cause of PD failure and hospital admission. Good air quality is required when dialysate exchange or exit site wound care is performed. To our knowledge, investigation of air pollution as a factor for PD-related infection in patients undergoing dialysis is limited. This study aimed to assess the effect of environmental particulate matter (PM) and other important risk factors on 1-year PD-related infection in patients undergoing PD.A total of 175 patients undergoing PD were recruited in this 1-year retrospective observational study. Differences in environmental PMs (PM10 and PM2.5) were analyzed with respect to the patients' living areas. The patients undergoing PD were categorized into 2 groups according to PM2.5 exposure: high (n = 61) and low (n = 114). Demographic, hematological, nutritional, inflammatory, biochemical, and dialysis-related data were analyzed. Multivariate binary logistic and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze 1-year PD-related infection.A total of 175 patients undergoing PD (50 men and 125 women) were enrolled. Thirty-five patients had PD-related infection within 1 year. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high environmental PM2.5 exposure (hazard ratio (HR): 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03-3.91]; P = .04) and female sex (HR: 2.77, 95% CI [1.07-7.19]; P = .03) were risk factors for 1-year PD-related infection.Patients undergoing PD with high environmental PM2.5 exposure had a higher 1-year PD-related infection rate than that in those with low exposure. Therefore, air pollution may be associated with PD-related infection in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Huang
- From the Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology (W-HH, T-HY); Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center (M-JC, Y-JS); and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan (W-HH, T-HY), Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Berghof T, Lai H, Lammers A, de Vries Reilingh G, Nieuwland M, Aarnink A, Parmentier H. Localization and (semi-)quantification of fluorescent beads of 2 sizes in chickens over time after simultaneous intratracheal and cloacal administration. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1186-94. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Vela J, Hildebrandt K, Metcalfe A, Rempel H, Bittman S, Topp E, Diarra M. Characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from broiler chicken barn bioaerosol. Poult Sci 2013; 91:3003-12. [PMID: 23155006 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we isolated and characterized Staphylococcus xylosus, a coagulase-negative staphylococcal species considered as commensal and one of the prevalent staphylococcal species found in poultry bioaerosol. Isolates were obtained using air samplers and selective phenylethyl alcohol agar for gram-positive bacteria during 35-d periods at different times of the day. A total of 200 colonies were recovered and after basic biochemical tests were performed, presumptive staphylococci were subsequently identified by API Staph strips. A total of 153 (76.5%) staphylococci were found, among which 84 were S. xylosus (46 and 38 isolated inside and outside, respectively). Biofilm formation was observed in 86.9% of S. xylosus isolates, whereas 79.8% of them showed hemolytic activity. There was a strong correlation (92.5%) between biofilm formation and hemolytic activity. All 84 S. xylosus isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, kanamycin, linezolid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. Resistance to nalidixic acid (86.9%), novobiocin (85.7%), penicillin (70.2%), lincomycin (46.4%), oxacillin (42.9%), ampicillin (27.4%), tetracycline (21.4%), erythromycin (11.9%), bacitracin (10.7%), and streptomycin (2.4%) was observed among the isolates. Resistance to tetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin, and β-lactam antibiotics was occasionally linked to the tetK, linA, ermB, and blaZ genes, respectively. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA results showed similarity of 15 to 99% between isolates collected outside and inside the barn, indicating genetic diversity of these isolates. Our study indicates that characterization of poultry bioaerosol coagulase-negative staphylococcal species such as S. xylosus is necessary for assessing their safety status for both poultry and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vela
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada V0M 1A0; and
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Zheng W, Li B, Cao W, Zhang G, Yang Z. Application of neutral electrolyzed water spray for reducing dust levels in a layer breeding house. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2012; 62:1329-1334. [PMID: 23210224 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.710553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reducing airborne dust is an essential process for improving hen housing environment. Dust reduction effects of neutral electrolyzed water (pH 8.2) spray were investigated in a commercial tunnel-ventilated layer breeding house during production in northern China. A multipoint sampler was used to measure airborne dust concentration to study the dust reduction effects and distribution in the house. Compared with the control treatment (without spray), airborne dust level was reduced 34% in the 3 hr after spraying 216 mL m(-2) neutral electrolyzed water in the breeding house. The dust concentration was significantly higher during the periods of feed distribution (1.13 +/- 0.13 mg m(-3)) and artificial insemination (0.72 +/- 0.13 mg m(-3)) compared with after spray (0.47 +/- 0.09 mg m(-3)) and during lights-off period (0.29 +/- 0.08 mg m(-3)) in the three consecutive testing days (P <0.05). The experimental cage area was divided into four zones along the length of the house, with zone 1 nearest to the evaporative cooling pad and zone 4 nearest to the fans. The air temperature, relative humidity, airflow rate, and dust concentration were measured at the sampling points of the four zones in 3 consecutive days and mortality of the birds for the duration of a month were investigated. The results showed that the air temperature, airflow rate, dust concentration, and number of dead birds increase from zone 1 to zone 4 in the tunnel-ventilated layer breeding house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zheng
- College of Water Recourses and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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St Paul M, Paolucci S, Sharif S. Treatment with ligands for toll-like receptors 2 and 5 induces a mixed T-helper 1- and 2-like response in chicken splenocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:592-8. [PMID: 23030671 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction of host responses to pathogens. Interactions between TLRs and their ligands result in the production of cytokines that modulate the adaptive immune response through polarizing CD4+ T cells into either T-helper (T(H))1 or T(H)2 phenotypes. In this regard, TLR2 and TLR5 ligands have been shown to induce responses in mammals that are biased toward T(H)1 or T(H)2 phenotypes. However, whether a similar phenomenon occurs in chickens remains to be elucidated. To this end, chicken splenocytes were stimulated with the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 and the TLR5 ligand flagellin, and the relative expression of several cytokines and transcription factors was quantified at 1, 3, 8, and 18 h poststimulation. The results suggest that both TLR ligands induce a mixed T(H)1- and T(H)2-like response, as characterized by the upregulation of both the T(H)1-associated cytokine interferon-γ and the T(H)1-inducing cytokine interleukin (IL)-12, in addition to the T(H)2-associated cytokine IL-4, and in the case of flagellin, IL-13 as well. Future studies may be aimed at assessing the adjuvant potential of these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael St Paul
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Lai H, Nieuwland M, Aarnink A, Kemp B, Parmentier H. Effects of 2 size classes of intratracheally administered airborne dust particles on primary and secondary specific antibody responses and body weight gain of broilers: A pilot study on the effects of naturally occurring dust. Poult Sci 2012; 91:604-15. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Yang X, Li W, Feng Y, Yao J. Effects of immune stress on growth performance, immunity, and cecal microflora in chickens. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2740-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Guardia S, Konsak B, Combes S, Levenez F, Cauquil L, Guillot JF, Moreau-Vauzelle C, Lessire M, Juin H, Gabriel I. Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1878-89. [PMID: 21844251 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased stocking densities are frequently reported to depress chicken growth performance, but the mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth performance and digestive microbiota, known to be sensitive to environmental factors. Chickens were reared at 2 stocking densities, 12 or 17 birds/m(2). Growth performance was recorded between d 1 and 39, and litter was scored for quality on d 25, 31, and 37. Digestive microbiota was analyzed along the digestive tract (crop, ileum, ceca) of 3- and 6-wk-old chickens by using 2 molecular approaches: a qualitative method (fingerprinting by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis) and a quantitative method (real-time PCR). An increase in stocking density was found to negatively affect the feed conversion ratio (+3.1%) and depress the daily BW gain of broilers (-5.5%) during the period from d 32 to 39 (P ≤ 0.05). Litter quality was reduced with the high stocking density as early as d 25. At 3 wk of age, stocking density strongly affected the fingerprint profiles of the bacterial community, with the highest modifications observed in the crop and ceca (R analysis of similarity = 0.77 and 0.69, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). At 6 wk of age, significant differences in the fingerprint profiles between the stocking densities appeared in the crop and ceca (R analysis of similarity = 0.52 and 0.27, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). The abundance of bacterial groups targeted by real-time PCR was affected by stocking density, but only to a limited extent. Because digestive microbiota may have consequences on the physiology of the digestive tract, its modification by an increase in stocking density may be involved in the reduced growth performance of the bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guardia
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Lai HTL, Nieuwland MGB, Kemp B, Aarnink AJA, Parmentier HK. Effects of repeated intratracheally administered lipopolysaccharide on primary and secondary specific antibody responses and on body weight gain of broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:337-51. [PMID: 21248330 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier, we reported that pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), when administered intratracheally (i.t.), affected primary and secondary specific antibody responses to antigens administered concurrently, either i.t. or systemically, and also affected BW gain (BWG) of layers and broilers. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of repeated i.t. challenge with LPS concurrently with or before i.t. immunizations with the specific antigens human serum albumin (HuSA) and rabbit gamma globulin (RGG) on primary (HuSA, RGG) and secondary (HuSA) systemic antibody responses and (isotype) IgM and IgG responses at 2 different ages. Broilers were challenged via the trachea at 3 and 7 wk of age with various combinations of LPS, HuSA, and RGG. All treatments affected immune responses at several time points and also affected BWG, albeit temporarily for the latter. Lipopolysaccharide enhanced primary antibody responses to HuSA and to RGG, when challenged concurrently, but birds challenged solely with LPS at 3 wk of age also showed enhanced primary antibody responses to HuSA and RGG given at 7 wk of age. This was true for IgM as well as IgG isotype responses. Lipopolysaccharide challenge negatively affected BWG at 3 wk of age, whereas the negative effects of LPS after a secondary LPS challenge at 7 wk of age were most pronounced in the birds challenged with LPS at 3 wk of age. The present results indicated that LPS, when administered i.t. at a young age, may affect specific humoral immune responsiveness to antigens administered simultaneously and to BWG of broilers, but also when challenged 4 wk later with specific antigens, suggesting an enhanced status of immune reactivity or sensitivity. The hygienic status of broiler houses at a young age may thus influence BWG, immune responsiveness, and, consequently, the vaccine efficacy and disease resistance in broilers at later ages. The consequences of our findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T L Lai
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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