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Szczerba A, Kuwana T, Paradowska M, Bednarczyk M. In Vitro Culture of Chicken Circulating and Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells on a Somatic Feeder Layer of Avian Origin. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1769. [PMID: 33007811 PMCID: PMC7600596 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study had two aims: (1) To develop a culture system that imitates a normal physiological environment of primordial germ cells (PGCs). There are two types of PGCs in chicken: Circulating blood (cPGCs) and gonadal (gPGCs). The culture condition must support the proliferation of both cPGCs and gPGCs, without affecting their migratory properties and must be deprived of xenobiotic factors, and (2) to propose an easy-to-train, nonlabeling optical technique for the routine identification of live PGCs. To address the first aim, early chicken embryo's feeder cells were examined instead of using feeder cells from mammalian species. The KAv-1 medium at pH 8.0 with the addition of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) was used instead of a conventional culture medium (pH approximately 7.2). Both cPGCs and gPGCs proliferated in vitro and retained their migratory ability after 2 weeks of culture. The cultivated cPGCs and gPGCs colonized the right and/or left gonads of the recipient male and female embryos. To address the second aim, we demonstrated a simple and rapid method to identify live PGCs as bright cells under darkfield illumination. The PGCs rich in lipid droplets in their cytoplasm highly contrasted with the co-cultured feeder layer and other cell populations in the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szczerba
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.K.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
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Xiong C, Wang M, Ling W, Xie D, Chu X, Li Y, Huang Y, Li T, Otieno E, Qiu X, Xiao X. Advances in Isolation and Culture of Chicken Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:43-54. [PMID: 32150690 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) isolated from the egg at the stage X hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. They are considered to be pluripotent cells with the capacity to self-renewal and differentiate into specialized cells. However, long-term maintenance of cESCs cannot be realized now, which impedes the establishment of cESC line and limits their applications. Therefore, the separation locations, isolation methods, and culture conditions especially the supplements and action mechanisms of cytokines, including leukemia inhibitory factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, bone morphogenic protein, and activin for cESCs in vitro, have been reviewed here. These defined strategies will contribute to identify the key mechanism on the self-renewal of cESCs, facilitate to optimize system that supports the derivation and longtime maintenance of cESCs, establish the cESC line, and develop the biobank of genetic resources in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhui Ling
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengfeng Xie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Edward Otieno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Chen YC, Lin SP, Chang YY, Chang WP, Wei LY, Liu HC, Huang JF, Pain B, Wu SC. In vitro culture and characterization of duck primordial germ cells. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1820-1832. [PMID: 30462334 PMCID: PMC6414036 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate, culture, and characterize duck primordial germ cells (PGCs) and to compare these cells with chicken PGCs. We first cultured Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) circulating PGCs and gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) in the modified serum-containing medium used to amplify chicken PGCs. gPGCs were found to proliferate better in serum-free chemically defined medium than in serum-containing medium. Thereafter, gPGCs were similarly isolated from 2 other duck breeds, the Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and the hybrid mule duck (C. moschata × A. platyrhynchos), and amplified for a limited period of time in the chemically defined culture condition, but sufficiently to be characterized and transplanted. Cultured gPGCs of all 3 duck breeds were characterized by Periodic acid-Schiff staining, immunocytochemical staining, and expression analysis of germline-specific and pluripotency genes. Cultured duck gPGCs colonized the gonads after being genetically labeled and injected into recipient embryos. Taken together, these results demonstrate that duck PGCs retain their germline characteristics after being isolated, expanded in vitro, and genetically modified. Further studies are required to establish the optimal conditions for long-term culture of duck PGCs, which may involve supplementing the culture medium with other growth factors or compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, INSERM, INRA, Bron 69500, France
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chang
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan 26846, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Peng Chang
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan 26846, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yuan Wei
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan 26846, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chou Liu
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan 26846, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fang Huang
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Ilan 26846, Taiwan.,Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - Bertrand Pain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, INSERM, INRA, Bron 69500, France
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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Farzaneh M, Zare M, Hassani SN, Baharvand H. Effects of various culture conditions on pluripotent stem cell derivation from chick embryos. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6325-6336. [PMID: 29393549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines derived from embryonated avian eggs are a convenient platform for production of various recombinant proteins and vaccines. In chicks, both embryonic stem cells (ESC) and embryonic germ cells (EGC) are considered to be pluripotent cells obtained from early blastodermal cells (stage X) and gonadal tissues (stage HH28), respectively. However, the establishment and long-term maintenance of avian PSC lines faces several challenges and differs in efficiency between chick strains. This study aims to determine the effects of PSC culture media, including serum-based and serum-free media as well as various feeder layers, growth factors, and small molecules on derivation and maintenance of avian embryonic derived-PSCs. Our results have shown that among the different culture conditions, N2B27 serum-free medium supplemented with PD0325901 and SB431542, MEK and TGFβ chemical inhibitors, named as R2i and cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) improved PSC derivation from stages X- and HH28 embryos. The application of N2B27/R2i + LIF medium validates the effect of defined pluripotency supporting medium on efficient derivation of chick PSCs and facilitates the use of these cells in biotechnology and biobanking of valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Zare
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Farzaneh M, Attari F, Mozdziak PE, Khoshnam SE. The evolution of chicken stem cell culture methods. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:681-686. [PMID: 28840744 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1365354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The avian embryo is an excellent model for studying embryology and the production of pharmaceutical proteins in transgenic chickens. Furthermore, chicken stem cells have the potential for proliferation and differentiation and emerged as an attractive tool for various cell-based technologies. 2. The objective of these studies is the derivation and culture of these stem cells is the production of transgenic birds for recombinant biomaterials and vaccine manufacture, drug and cytotoxicity testing, as well as to gain insight into basic science, including cell tracking. 3. Despite similarities among the established chicken stem cell lines, fundamental differences have been reported between their culture conditions and applications. Recent conventional protocols used for expansion and culture of chicken stem cells mostly depend on feeder cells, serum-containing media and static culture. 4. Utilising chicken stem cells for generation of cell-based transgenic birds and a variety of vaccines requires large-scale cell production. However, scaling up the conventional adherent chicken stem cells is challenging and labour intensive. Development of a suspension cell culture process for chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs), chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and chicken induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) will be an important advance for increasing the growth kinetics of these cells. 6. This review describes various approaches and suggestions to achieve optimal cell growth for defined chicken stem cells cultures and use in future manufacturing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farzaneh
- a Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - F Attari
- b Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - P E Mozdziak
- c Physiology Graduate Program , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - S E Khoshnam
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran.,e Student Research Committee , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Farzaneh M, Hassani SN, Mozdziak P, Baharvand H. Avian embryos and related cell lines: A convenient platform for recombinant proteins and vaccine production. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program; Campus Box 7608/321 Scott Hall; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology; University of Science and Culture; Tehran Iran
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Viable pluripotent chick blastodermal cells can be maintained long term in an alkaline defined medium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:385-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gao Y, Pu Y, Wang D, Hou L, Guan W, Ma Y. Isolation and biological characterization of chicken amnion epithelial cells. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e33. [PMID: 23027349 PMCID: PMC3493979 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) express Oct4, Nanog and Sox-2, which are necessary for maintaining the undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells. AECs additionally express CK19, which is a specific marker of epithelial cells, both in vivo and in vitro. In this research, we investigated the biological characteristics and potential for cell therapy of AECs from 6-day-old chicken embryos. We induced the AECs to differentiate into pancreatic islet-like cells (endoderm), adipocytes and osteoblasts (mesoderm) and neural-like cells (ectoderm), and used immunofluorescence and RT-PCR to detect the expression of AECs specific markers. To assess the differentiation capacity of AECs, passage 3 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, pancreatic islet-like cells and neural-like cells. The AEC markers, Oct-4, Nanog, Sox-2 and CK19, were all positively expressed. Cloning efficiency decreased with increasing passage number. Passage 3 AECs were successfully induced to differentiate into pancreatic islet-like cells, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neural-like cells. These results suggested that AECs isolated from chicken embryos exhibited the characteristics of the multipotent stem cells. AECs may therefore be ideal candidates for cellular transplantation therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li LF, Bai CY, Gong XL, Guan WJ, Ma YH. Directed neural differentiation of duck embryonic germ cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1514-23. [PMID: 21321997 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been used to produce transgenic birds, their characteristics largely remain unknown. The isolation, culture, biological characterization, and directed neural differentiation of duck EG cells were assayed in this study. The Results showed that the EG cells were got by isolating embryonic gonad and surrounding tissue from 7-day-old duck embryo. The PGCs co-cultured with their gonadal somatic cells were well grown. After passaging, the EG cells were incubated in medium with cytokines and Mitomycin C on inactivated duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs) feeder layers. After several passages, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) resulted positive, cellular markers detection positive for SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81. Karyotype analysis showed the EG cells kept diploid condition and the hereditary feature was stable in accordance with varietal characteristics of duck. These cells grew continuously for 11 passages on DEFs. Under induction of medium with BME, RA, and IBMX, the EG cells lost undifferentiated state, large amount of neural cells appeared with the formation of neural cells networks. Special Nissl body was found by toluidine blue stain after induced for 7 days. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated that differentiated EG cells expressed Nestin, NSE, and GFAP positive. The expression of Nestin, NSE, and GFAP mRNA were positive by RT-PCR. The results revealed that RA can obviously promote the directed differentiation of duck EG cells into neural lineage. The duck EG cells will be useful for the production of transgenic birds, for cell replacement therapy and for studies of germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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