1
|
Fathima S, Al Hakeem WG, Shanmugasundaram R, Periyannan V, Varadhan R, Selvaraj RK. Effect of 125% and 135% arginine on the growth performance, intestinal health, and immune responses of broilers during necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103826. [PMID: 38761462 PMCID: PMC11133980 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 25% and 35% arginine supplementation in partially alleviating the effects of necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge on the production performance, intestinal integrity, and relative gene expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines in broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to the 4 treatments- Uninfected + Basal, NE + Basal, NE + Arg 125%, and NE + Arg 135%. NE was induced by inoculating 1 × 104Eimeria maxima sporulated oocysts on d 14 and 1 × 108 CFU/bird C. perfringens on d 19, 20, and 21 of age by oral gavage. The NE challenge significantly decreased body weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.05) and increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). On d 21, the NE challenge also increased the jejunal lesion score (p < 0.05) and relative gene expression of IL-10 and decreased the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin (p < 0.05) and claudin-4 (p < 0.05). The 125% arginine diet significantly increased intestinal permeability (p < 0.05) and the relative gene expression of iNOS (p < 0.05) and IFN-γ (p < 0.05) on d 21 and the bile anti-C. perfringens IgA concentration by 39.74% (p < 0.05) on d 28. The 135% arginine diet significantly increased the feed intake during d 0 - 28 (p < 0.05) and 0 to 35 (p < 0.05) and increased the FCR on d 0 to 35 (p < 0.05). The 135% and 125% arginine diet increased the spleen CD8+: CD4+ T-cell ratio on d 28 (p < 0.05) and 35 (p < 0.05), respectively. The 135% arginine diet increased the CT CD8+:CD4+ T-cell ratio on d 35 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the 125% and 135% arginine diets did not reverse the effect of the NE challenge on the growth performance. However, the 125% arginine diet significantly increased the cellular and humoral immune response to the challenge. Hence, the 125% arginine diet could be used with other feed additives to improve the immune response of the broilers during the NE challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Walid G Al Hakeem
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Vasanthakumar Periyannan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ranganathan Varadhan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Tan J, Hu Y, Jia X, Kogut MH, Yuan J, Zhang H. Dietary l-arginine supplementation influences growth performance and B-cell secretion of immunoglobulin in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1125-1134. [PMID: 31155767 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that high levels of l-arginine (ARG) have reduced serum and mucosal antibody concentrations. In order to provide a better understanding in the application of ARG supplementation in the poultry industry, the study was conducted to investigate the effect of high levels of ARG on performance and B-cell secretion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG development in broiler chickens. A total of 192 1-day-old male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups (8 replicates per group, 6 birds per replicate) fed diets containing one of four ARG concentrations (analysed): 9.8, 14.7, 19.1 and 23.4 g/kg respectively. Growth performance was measured based on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing ARG quadratically increased (p < 0.05) BWG and FI with reaching plateau at 14.7 g/kg, while linearly decreased (p < 0.05) FCR, indicating that maximal performance required ARG no more than 14.7 g/kg in diets. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing ARG. Chickens fed 19.1 g/kg or 23.4 g/kg ARG had lower (p < 0.05) serum IgG or IgM than chickens fed 9.8 g/kg ARG. As for the mRNA expression of bursal IgG and IgM, they were significantly downregulated with increasing ARG (p < 0.05). Chickens on ARG (>19.1 g/kg) had a lower (p < 0.05) IgG and IgM mRNA expression than chickens fed 9.8 g/kg. Activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA expression was linearly reduced with increasing ARG (p < 0.05), the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) mRNA expression was quadratically (p < 0.05) responded, and these cytokines had the lowest expression at 19.1 g/kg. ARG supplementation (>14.7 g/kg) did not significantly improve the growth performance, while it may have a potential negative regulatory effect on B-cell-mediated humoral immunity in chickens associated with suppression of the STAT3 expression associated with the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JianZhuang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tech-bank Food Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rebolledo OFP, Barrera JEM, Márquez JG, Vázquez AR, Casillas ACG. Hematology and Histopathology of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Tuna Black Flour. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Huo W, Li M, Wang J, Wang Z, Huang Y, Chen W. On growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood T lymphocyte subsets, and cardiac antioxidant status of broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:68-73. [PMID: 30899812 PMCID: PMC6407071 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Different lipid sources differ in the fatty acid profiles and differently affect growth performance as well as immune function of broilers. The influences of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood T lymphocyte population, and cardiac antioxidant status were investigated of broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old male broilers (BW = 44 ± 3 g) were randomized into 3 treatment groups, consisting of 6 replicates with 20 birds in each group. Broilers received standard diets supplemented with 5% (wt/wt) of lard (LD, as a control diet), sesame oil (SO), or flaxseed oil (FO). Broilers in both SO and FO treatment groups had lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratios from 22 to 42 d and during the overall phase compared to those in LD treatment group. Meanwhile, the apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of crude fat in SO and FO treatment groups was higher than that in LD treatment group. Both FO and SO treatments decreased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat percentage compared to LD treatment. Total triglycerides and total cholesterol in chicken blood were decreased (P < 0.05) by SO and FO treatments compared to LD treatment. Feeding broilers with FO and SO led to a decrease (P < 0.05) in blood CD4+ T lymphocyte count and in CD4+:CD8+ ratio compared to LD treatment. Sesame oil and FO treatments increased cardiac glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) compared to LD treatment. It is concluded that addition of 5% SO and FO to the standard corn-soybean meal diet improved feed efficiency, increased the activities of cardiac glutathione peroxidase, and affected the T lymphocytes ratio of fast growing broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Huo
- Feed Nutrition Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Min Li
- Feed Nutrition Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Feed Nutrition Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- Feed Nutrition Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Feed Nutrition Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Konieczka P, Barszcz M, Chmielewska N, Cieślak M, Szlis M, Smulikowska S. Interactive effects of dietary lipids and vitamin E level on performance, blood eicosanoids, and response to mitogen stimulation in broiler chickens of different ages. Poult Sci 2017; 96:359-369. [PMID: 27433010 PMCID: PMC5266083 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6:n-3 ratio and vitamin E (vE) on the levels of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, the incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) into immune tissues, and changes in leukocyte population after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge were investigated in broiler chickens of different ages. One-day-old female broilers (48 per treatment) were fed 4 different wheat-soybean-corn-based diets containing corn oil with a high PUFA n-6:n-3 ratio (HR) or a mixture of linseed and fish oils with a low PUFA n-6:n-3 ratio (LR). Diets contained either 50 mg vE kg-1 of diet (basal vE) or 300 mg vE kg-1 of diet (increased vE). At d 14 and d 34, 8 chickens per treatment were challenged with PHA, and wing web swelling (WWS) was measured. The blood concentration of leukotriene (LTB4), prostaglandin (PGE2), and thromboxane (TBX2) in 17-day-old and 43-day-old chickens was determined. The pattern of AA and DHA incorporation into bursa, spleen, and brain lipids reflected the level of their precursors in the diet. WWS was the highest in chickens fed a LR diet and in 14-day-old chickens (P < 0.01). Leukocyte proportions varied with dietary PUFA n-6:n-3 ratio and with age. The heterophil:lymphocyte ratio was the highest at 6 h post PHA challenge, and was higher in 34-day-old chickens (P < 0.001). TBX2 and PGE2 concentrations were higher in chickens fed HR diet, whereas TBX2 and LTB4 concentrations were lower at high vE level. Lower PGE2 and LTB4, but higher TBX2 concentrations were measured in younger birds (P < 0.001). The results indicated that LR increased the phagocytic cell proportion in the blood; HR promoted the incorporation of AA into the immune tissues, which increased the levels of more pro-inflammatory eicosanoids in the blood; and vE counteracts these effects to some extent. Owing to the immaturity of the immune system, dietary interventions might be promising at the early stage of chicken growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Konieczka
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - N Chmielewska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Cieślak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Szlis
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - S Smulikowska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shafey TM, Al-Batshan HA, Farhan AM. The Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Meal on Liver and Egg Yolk Fatty Acid Profiles, Immune Response and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed M.S. Farhan
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang MZ, Ding LY, Gao J, Wang JF, Zhou G, Zhang J. Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the mass, and histological and ultrastructures of liver, spleen and thymus of 70-day-old Yangzhou goslings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:391-400. [PMID: 26356013 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on the organ indexes, and histological and ultrastructures of organs including liver, spleen and thymus in 70-day-old Yangzhou goslings. One-hundred and sixty 21-day-old Yangzhou goslings were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed 4 diets varying in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio from 3:1 up to 12:1. After 1-week acclimation, the feeding experiment lasted for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, goslings were slaughtered and the liver, spleen and thymus were weighed, and their histological and ultrastructures were examined. The results showed that the organ indices in the 3:1 group were remarkably higher than in the other three groups, whereas the mitochondrial square did not differ among four groups. The histological and ultrastructures of the liver, spleen and thymus were not affected by the diets with the lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (3:1 and 6:1). However, feeding diets with the higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (9:1 and 12:1), the nuclear chromatin was concentrated and marginalized; the cell membrane was contracted inwardly and disrupted; the mitochondrial membrane was damaged to some degree. In conclusion, the diet containing higher content of n-3 PUFA might improve immune capacity of goslings the animal by accelerating the growth and maintaining cellular structures of organs like liver, spleen and thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Z Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - L Y Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - J Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - J F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - G Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - J Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Yang Da Kang Yuan Dairy Company Limited, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Li Y, Shen J, Wang S, Yao J, Yang X. Effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and its sulfated derivative on growth performance and immune condition of lipopolysaccharide-treated broilers. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:188-94. [PMID: 25748840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the immunomodulating activities of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and sulfated APS (SAPS) in LPS-infected broiler chicks. SAPS was derived using the classic chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. On day 16, the birds were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 mL of either saline, APS (4 or 8 mg/kg of body weight (BW), shorten as APS-4 or APS-8) or SAPS (4 or 8 mg/kg of BW, shorten as SAPS-4 or SAPS-8) once a day for three successive days. On days 19 and 20, the birds were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL of LPS (1mg/kg of BW). Saline was used as blank control. Compared with the blank control, LPS-treated birds showed lower daily body weight gain (BWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), villus height and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) number in jejunum, and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed:gain), spleen index, plasma NO concentration, blood heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, and the production of NO in the blood T lymphocytes. Compared with the LPS group, birds in APS-4, SAPS-4 and SAPS-8 groups showed decreased FCR (P<0.05). Moreover, SAPS increased BWG and jejunal villus height (P<0.05) at 8 mg/kg BW. Plasma NO concentration was lower in APS-8 group than that in LPS group (P<0.05). Both APS-8 and SAPS-8 treatments elevated the number of jejunal IEL (P<0.05), and decreased blood H:L ratio (P<0.05), respectively. Administration of APS or SAPS did not affect the ADFI, immune organ index, crypt depth and mucosal thickness of the jejunum, and the number of goblet cell. Our findings suggested that APS and SAPS possessed dose-dependent growth-promoting and immunomodulating effect, and was a potential development direction for immunomodulator under early LPS stimulation condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dietary L-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1394-404. [PMID: 24330949 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary L-arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and innate immunity of broiler chickens. Expt 1 was designed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (n 8 cages/treatment; n 6 birds/cage) with three dietary Arg concentrations (1.05, 1.42 and 1.90%) and two immune treatments (injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline) given at an interval of 48 h between 14 and 21 d of age. In Expt 2, correlation between dietary Arg concentration (0.99, 1.39, 1.76, 2.13 or 2.53%) and percentage of circulating B cells (percentage of circulating lymphocytes) was determined. In Expt 1, LPS injection decreased body-weight gain and feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio of the challenged broilers (14-21 d; P< 0.05). LPS injection suppressed (P< 0.05) the percentages of splenic CD11+ and B cells (percentages of splenic lymphocytes) and phagocytic activity of splenic heterophils and macrophages; Arg supplementation linearly decreased the percentages of CD11+, CD14+ and B cells in the spleen (P< 0.10). LPS injection increased (P< 0.05) the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the spleen and caecal tonsils. Arginine supplementation decreased (P< 0.05) the expression of IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and PPAR-γ mRNA in the spleen and IL-1β, IL-10, TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA in the caecal tonsils. In Expt 2, increasing dietary Arg concentrations linearly and quadratically reduced the percentage of circulating B cells (P< 0.01). Collectively, Arg supplementation attenuated the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines probably through the suppression of the TLR4 pathway and CD14+ cell percentage. Furthermore, excessive Arg supplementation (1.76%) suppressed the percentages of circulating and splenic B cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen W, Wang J, Huang Y. Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on cardiac antioxidative status, T-cell and cytokine mRNA expression in the thymus, and blood T lymphocyte subsets of broilers. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|