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Yukuyama MN, Zuo J, Park C, Yousef M, Henostroza MAB, de Araujo GLB, Bou-Chacra NA, Löbenberg R. Biphasic dissolution combined with modified cylinder method-A new promising method for dissolution test in drug-loaded nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122554. [PMID: 36586637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution testing is important in assessing the in vitro drug release performance for oral administration dosage forms. However, currently, a simple and efficient in vitro test to investigate critical factors that may impact the drug release and bioavailability at the development stage of a drug-loaded nanoemulsion (NE) is lacking. Thus, in this study, we developed a new combined biphasic and modified cylinder (BP + MC) method to evaluate the dissolution profile of NEs. Flubendazole (FLZ), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, offers a new prospective for drug repositioning for treating lung cancer and cryptococcal meningitis. We compared the drug release profiles of three different FLZ formulations (micronized as a suspension, loaded in NE, and solubilized in oil) by using three different methods (dialysis bag, modified cylinder method, and a new BP + MC method). The results showed potential higher drug release of FLZ from the suspension compared to FLZ-loaded NE at pH 1.2, and higher drug release from FLZ-loaded NE compared to other forms in octanol phase. These results correlate well with the in vivo test performed in mice carried out in our previous works. Furthermore, the partition mechanism of the drug released from the NE is discussed in-depth in this article, as well as the advantage of drug-loaded NEs over other preparations in creating supersaturable conditions. Based on the results, we provide new insights into how dissolution methods for a poorly water-solubility drug can be designed. Therefore, we present this new combined BP + MC method as a potential new discriminative dissolution test for future studies when developing drug-loaded NE and comparing with other dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishitani Yukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St NW, T6G 2H7 Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av, 580, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jieyu Zuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St NW, T6G 2H7 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Malaz Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St NW, T6G 2H7 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mirla Anali Bazán Henostroza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av, 580, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima Barros de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av, 580, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Araci Bou-Chacra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av, 580, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St NW, T6G 2H7 Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ferdous J, Sachi S, Noman ZA, Hussani SMAK, Sarker YA, Sikder MH. Assessing farmers' perspective on antibiotic usage and management practices in small-scale layer farms of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Vet World 2019; 12:1441-1447. [PMID: 31749579 PMCID: PMC6813615 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1441-1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Indiscriminate and injudicious use of antibiotics in layer farms is a common practice of Bangladesh for the compensation of Poor management practices and ignorance. Despite this scenario, there is no published documentation on antibiotic usage pattern and farm management practices in layer farms. This study was undertaken to understand the farmers' perspective in small-scale layer farms regarding antibiotics usage and farm management. Materials and Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 120 small-scale layer farms of Mymensingh district during January-February 2017. We only considered farms in production. Data were analyzed on antibiotic usage, purpose, egg management, understanding of antibiotic residue, withdrawal period, and other issues. Results Among 120 farmers, about 94.16% of farmers are using antibiotics without respecting the withdrawal period. Only 39.1% of farmers possess knowledge of residues. In our surveyed farms, 91.83% of farmers are not practicing egg washing before supplying to the market and 52.67% of farmers are unaware of cleaning and disinfection of egg tray. Ten different types of antibiotics of seven classes have found in the survey. Most antibiotics are in the Watch (49%) and Reserve (8%) groups according to the WHO AWaRe categorization and 73% antibiotics are critically important for human medicine and are considered as last resort. Conclusion This study found that due to the lack of knowledge and poor management, farmers consider using antibiotics as the most effective practices to control disease and enhancement of egg production. These indiscriminate uses of antibiotics are responsible for antibiotic residual and resistance problem. Here, we also provide some suggestion and guidelines to improve management practices to minimize the emerging problems of antimicrobial resistance through small-scale layer farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zakaria Al Noman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Azizul Karim Hussani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Yousuf Ali Sarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
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Ji X, Yang H, Wang J, Zhou W, Wang X, Qian M. Evaluation of Tilmicosin Contamination in Eggs Following Its Administration to Laying Hens and Subsequent Assessment of Dietary Risks to Chinese Consumers. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3054-3062. [PMID: 31524951 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the tilmicosin residues in eggs as well as the dietary risks posed by the residual drug to Chinese consumers. Tilmicosin was administrated to laying hens via drinking water in doses of 100 mg/L and 300 mg/L (dose 1 and dose 2) for 5 days. Its residues distribution within egg matrices were detected using a QuEChERS method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that the tilmicosin residue was the highest in the whole eggs and yolks on day 2 after medication and in the whites on day 5 of drug administration for dose 1 and dose 2 with the residues (µg/kg) being the following: 73.4 and 444.3 in the whole eggs; 152.0 and 1141.1 in the yolks; and 48.8 and 277.6 in the whites, respectively. During withdrawal phase, the tilmicosin levels declined to less than the limit of detection (LOD) after 29 days and 49 days for the whole eggs, after 24 days and 44 days for the yolks, and after 19 days and 49 days for the whites for doses 1 and 2, respectively. An assessment of the dietary risk for Chinese consumers revealed that the hazard quotients (HQ) values for tilmicosin consumption were less than 1 for dose 1 and greater than 1 for dose 2, with children (2 to 7 years) and adult males (over 65 years) being the high-risk groups. These results suggest that the possible risk associated with tilmicosin contamination in eggs should not be ignored since the accidental or occasional misuse of tilmicosin in the case of egg-laying hens may occur from time to time, particularly on small farms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The modified QuEChERS method was used to analyze the tilmicosin residues in egg matrices and a subsequent dietary exposure assessment for Chinese consumers was performed, which can serve as a reference for the food safety risk posed by antibiotic misuse in egg layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ji
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Author Zhou is with Animal Products Quality Testing Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311199, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Authors Ji, Yang, J. Wang, X. Wang, and Qian are with State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Inst. of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Sha L, Tang X, Liu D, Xu Y, Ding YU, Ding F. Detection and Quantitation of Lomefloxacin and Pefloxacin Residues in the Organ Tissues and Eggs of Laying Hens. J Food Prot 2018; 81:810-814. [PMID: 29637810 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lomefloxacin (LOM) and pefloxacin (PEF) are synthetic antibiotics that have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases in both human and animals. In the People's Republic of China, the use of LOM and PEF in livestock has been prohibited because of the concern that the residues of these drugs may pose a risk to public health. Despite this prohibition, these drugs are still being used in the poultry industry illegally, and so far there has been no systematic study of the persistence of LOM and PEF residues in chickens. In this study, laying hens were treated with a daily dose (10 mg/kg of body weight) of LOM or PEF for five consecutive days, and the drug residues in various tissues and eggs were determined over a 15-day period after the last drug administration. The highest LOM and PEF residual concentrations were found in the tissues 4 h after the last drug administration, and concentrations gradually decreased over time. Plasma had the lowest and liver had the highest residual concentrations throughout the 15-day study period. At the end of the 15 days, 3.64 ± 0.74 μg/kg LOM and 1.78 ± 0.28 μg/kg PEF were detected in the liver, with slightly lower residual concentrations in the kidney. No LOM or PEF residue was detected in the ovarian follicle, plasma, and muscle at the end of the 15 days. In eggs, the depletion rate of LOM was slower than that of PEF. LOM and PEF residues were detected in whole eggs for up to 10 and 8 days, respectively, after drug administration ceased. These findings suggest that the liver and, to a lesser extent, the kidney may be the sites where LOM or PEF residues would persist. This information can be a reliable reference for governmental agencies with respect to the screening of LOM and PEF residues in food products derived from laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sha
- 1 Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Argo-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.,2 College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Argo-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengyong Liu
- 2 College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Xu
- 3 Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, People's Republic of China.,4 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Y U Ding
- 5 Laboratory Animal Center, Jilin University, Changchun 13002, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ding
- 6 School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Marmulak T, Tell LA, Gehring R, Baynes RE, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE. Egg residue considerations during the treatment of backyard poultry. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 247:1388-95. [PMID: 26642132 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.12.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this digest was to provide US veterinarians guidance on the responsible treatment of backyard poultry flocks. The treatment of backyard poultry can be a daunting task for veterinarians because only limited resources are available; however, it is likely to become an increasingly common task owing to the increasing popularity of backyard poultry throughout the United States, especially in urban and suburban areas. Although backyard poultry flock owners may consider their birds pets, the FDA considers them food-producing animals, and veterinarians should follow all regulations that pertain to food-producing animals when administering or prescribing drugs to those birds. The lack of FDA-approved drugs for use in laying hens frequently necessitates the use of drugs in an extralabel manner in backyard poultry. Unfortunately, information regarding the depletion of drug residues in eggs from hens treated with various drugs in an extralabel manner is sparse or lacking, and veterinarians need to be cognizant of this issue, especially when the eggs from treated hens are intended for human consumption.
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Muñoz R, Cornejo J, Maddaleno A, Araya-Jordán C, Iragüen D, Pizarro N, San Martín B. Withdrawal times of oxytetracycline and tylosin in eggs of laying hens after oral administration. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1017-21. [PMID: 24853528 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials administered to laying hens may be distributed into egg white or yolk, indicating the importance of evaluating withdrawal times (WDTs) of the pharmaceutical formulations. In the present study, oxytetracycline and tylosin's WDTs were estimated. The concentration and depletion of these molecules in eggs were linked to their pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Twenty-seven Leghorn hens were used: 12 treated with oxytetracycline, 12 treated with tylosin, and 3 remained as an untreated control group. After completion of therapies, eggs were collected daily and drug concentrations in egg white and yolk were assessed. The yolk was used as the target tissue to evaluate the WDT; the results were 9 and 3 days for oxytetracycline and tylosin, respectively. In particular, oxytetracycline has a good oral bioavailability, a moderate apparent volume of distribution, a molecular weight of 460 g/mol, and is lightly liposoluble. Tylosin, a hydrosoluble compound, with a molecular weight of 916 g/mol, has a low oral bioavailability and a low apparent volume of distribution, too. Present results suggest that the WDTs of the studied antimicrobials are strongly influenced by their oral bioavailability, the distribution, and the molecular weight and solubility, and that these properties also influence the distribution between the egg yolk and white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Muñoz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Araya-Jordán
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Iragüen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Pizarro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
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Vandenberge V, Delezie E, Huyghebaert G, Delahaut P, Pierret G, De Backer P, Croubels S, Daeseleire E. Transfer of the coccidiostats monensin and lasalocid from feed at cross-contamination levels to whole egg, egg white and egg yolk. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1881-92. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.719641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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