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Eriksson D, Råhlén E, Bergenkvist E, Skarin M, Fernström LL, Rydén J, Hansson I. Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in frozen chicken meat and risks associated with handling contaminated chicken in the kitchen. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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2
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Chicken Skin Decontamination of Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Hygiene Indicator Escherichia coli Assessed by Viability Real-Time PCR. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060706. [PMID: 35745559 PMCID: PMC9230925 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are fecal contaminants of chicken meat with serious implications for human health. E. coli is considered as hygiene indicator since, in contrast to Campylobacter. spp., the bacterium is generally present in the avian gut. Stress exposure may transiently cease bacterial division. Therefore, colony forming units (CFU) may underestimate the infection risk of pathogens. We developed a viability real-time PCR (v-qPCR) for the quantification of viable E. coli targeting the uidA gene, encoding β-glucuronidase, which is usually detected for phenotypic species identification. The short- and long-term effects of decontaminating chicken skin on the survival of both C. jejuni and an ESBL-producing E. coli were evaluated by CFU and v-qPCR. The results showed that freezing and storage in cool conditions are potentially underestimated by CFU but not by v-qPCR. The effect of treatment with peroxyacetic acid on survival was consistently detected by CFU and v-qPCR. v-qPCR analysis detected bacterial survival upon the application of lactic acid, which awaits further analysis. Interestingly, both bacteria showed similar kinetics of inactivation upon the application of reduction strategies, suggesting that E. coli might be a complementary hygiene indicator. We conclude that v-qPCR can improve food safety under the consideration of some limitations.
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3
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Gichure JN, Kamau Njage PM, Wambui JM, Dykes GA, Buys EM, Coorey R. Systematic-review and meta-analysis on effect of decontamination interventions on prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter spp. during primary processing of broiler chickens. Food Microbiol 2021; 102:103923. [PMID: 34809949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scientific advances in pathogen decontamination offer great potential to reduce Campylobacter spp. during primary processing. The aim of this study was to collate data from eligible studies using systematic review, meta-analysis followed by meta-regression. Random effect meta-analysis revealed heterogenous (τ2 = 0.6, I2 = 98 %) pooled reduction in Campylobacter concentration of 0.6 log10 CFU/carcass and a decrease in relative risk of Campylobacter spp. prevalence in broiler carcasses by 57.2 %. Decontamination interventions during Inside-Outside-Carcass-Wash were most effective on concentration (0.8 log10 CFU/carcass) while those during evisceration were most effective on prevalence (78.0 % decrease in relative risk). Physical decontamination was more effective on Campylobacter prevalence (68.7 % decrease in relative risk) compared chemical treatment (30.3 %). Application through immersion was superior on Campylobacter concentration (0.9 log10 CFU/carcass odds reduction) to spraying (0.5 log10 CFU/carcass odds reduction). Publication bias and small study effect were observed in trials on Campylobacter prevalence but not for concentration. The meta-regression revealed four and seven potential modifier variables for concentration and prevalence respectively. This meta-analysis provides an overview of the expected magnitude in Campylobacter spp. concentration and prevalence with application of decontamination interventions on broiler carcasses along the slaughter process and forms a basis of quantitative microbial risk assessment and derivation of intervention measures. Even though modest microbial concentration reduction is reported there was a large decrease in contamination prevalence during processing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josphat N Gichure
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170-90200, Kitui, Kenya.
| | - Patrick Murigu Kamau Njage
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Denmark
| | - Joseph M Wambui
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Elna M Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Ranil Coorey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
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Dogan OB, Aditya A, Ortuzar J, Clarke J, Wang B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of processing stages and interventions for controlling Campylobacter contamination during broiler chicken processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:227-271. [PMID: 34730272 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the effects of processing stages and interventions on the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. To comprehensively capture relevant evidence, six databases were searched using the keywords "Campylobacter" and "broiler chicken." The literature search yielded 10,450 unique citations, and after applying predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 and 53 relevant citations were included in meta-analyses for processing stages and interventions, respectively. As the two primary outcomes, log reduction and prevalence changes were estimated for each stage or intervention using a random-effects meta-analysis approach whenever possible. The outcome-level quality assessment was conducted following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The analysis revealed that scalding and chilling majorly reduces the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter. Immersion chilling reduces the concentration regardless of chemical additives, but its effect on prevalence is not conclusive. The effects of carcass washing applications remain uncertain due to the inconsistency and imprecision of both outcomes. Defeathering and evisceration were identified as stages that can increase both prevalence and concentration. Both chemical and physical processing interventions provide limited efficacy in concentration and prevalence reduction. Major limitations of the review were inconsistency and imprecision at the outcome level and reporting issues and data gaps at the study level. The results are expected to inform quantitative microbial risk assessment model development and support evidence-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onay B Dogan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anand Aditya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Juan Ortuzar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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5
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Solís‐Soto L, Prabhakarankutty LK, García S, Ortíz‐Reyes Y, Heredia N. Controlling
Campylobacter jejuni
in vitro and in chicken using combinations of citrus‐based and trisodium phosphate formulations. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Solís‐Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | | | - Santos García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Yaraymi Ortíz‐Reyes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Norma Heredia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
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6
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The effects of a pilot-scale steam decontamination system on the hygiene and sensory quality of chicken carcasses. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Parallel sequencing of porA reveals a complex pattern of Campylobacter genotypes that differs between broiler and broiler breeder chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6204. [PMID: 30996225 PMCID: PMC6470227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat represents an important source of Campylobacter infections of humans world-wide. A better understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in commercial chicken flocks will facilitate the development of more effective intervention strategies. We developed a gene-specific parallel sequencing approach that efficiently indicated genetic diversity in farm-derived samples and revealed Campylobacter genotypes that would not be detected using microbiological culture. Parallel sequencing of the porA nucleotide fragment identified a different pattern of diversity in broiler flocks compared with broiler-breeder flocks at both individual bird and flock levels. Amongst the flocks tested, broiler flocks and individual birds were dominated by one or two porA fragment types whereas co-dominance with up to six porA fragment types was evident in breeder birds. A high proportion (83.6-93.3%) of porA variants were shared between broiler and breeder flocks. The porA-based diversity profiling could be a useful addition to the repertoire of tools employed to attribute potential sources of contamination for broiler flocks, including the environment, wild animals or other chickens. This approach can be extended to include other loci within Campylobacter and developed for molecular epidemiology studies of other bacterial species.
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Hansson I, Sandberg M, Habib I, Lowman R, Engvall EO. Knowledge gaps in control of Campylobacter for prevention of campylobacteriosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65 Suppl 1:30-48. [PMID: 29663680 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is an important, worldwide public health problem with numerous socio-economic impacts. Since 2015, approximately 230,000 cases have been reported annually in Europe. In the United States, Australia and New Zealand, campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported disease. Poultry and poultry products are considered important sources of human infections. Poultry meat can become contaminated with Campylobacter during slaughter if live chickens are intestinal carriers. Campylobacter spp. can be transferred from animals to humans through consumption and handling of contaminated food products, with fresh chicken meat being the most commonly implicated food type. Regarding food-borne disease, the most important Campylobacter species are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. In humans, clinical signs of campylobacteriosis include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. Most cases of campylobacteriosis are sporadic and self-limiting, but there are post-infection complications, for example, Guillain-Barrés syndrome. This review summarizes an analysis undertaken by the DISCONTOOLS group of experts on campylobacteriosis. Gaps were identified in: (i) knowledge of true number of infected humans; (ii) mechanisms of pathogenicity to induce infection in humans; (iii) training to prevent transfer of Campylobacter from raw to ready-to-eat food; (iv) development of effective vaccines; (v) understanding transmission routes to broiler flocks; (vi) knowledge of bacteriocins, bacteriophages and antimicrobial peptides as preventive therapies; (vii) ration formulation as an effective preventive measure at a farm level; (viii) development of kits for rapid detection and quantification of Campylobacter in animals and food products; and (ix) development of more effective antimicrobials for treatment of humans infected with Campylobacter. Some of these gaps are relevant worldwide, whereas others are more related to problems encountered with Campylobacter in industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Sandberg
- Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Habib
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R Lowman
- Independent Veterinary Public Health Research Specialist, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E O Engvall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hutchison ML, Harrison D, Heath JF, Monaghan JM. Fate of Escherichia coli O145 present naturally in bovine slurry applied to vegetables before harvest, after washing and simulated wholesale and retail distribution. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1597-1606. [PMID: 28948664 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the fate of Escherichia coli on vegetables that were processed through commercial wash treatments and stored under simulated retail conditions at 4°C or wholesale at fluctuating ambient temperatures (0-25°C, dependent on season). METHODS AND RESULTS Bovine slurry that was naturally contaminated with E. coli O145 was applied without dilution or diluted 1:10 using borehole water to growing potatoes, leeks or carrots. Manure was applied 1 week prior to harvest to simulate a near-harvest contamination event by manure deposition or an application of contaminated water to simulate a flooding event or irrigation from a contaminated water source. At harvest, crops were contaminated at up to 2 log cfu g-1 . Washing transferred E. coli into the water of a flotation tank used for potato washing and did not completely remove all traces of contamination from the crop. Manure-contaminated potatoes were observed to contain 0·72 cfu E. coli O145 g-1 after processing and retail storage. Manure-contaminated leeks harboured 0·73-1·55 cfu E. coli O145 g-1 after washing and storage. There was no cross-contamination when leeks were spray washed. Washing in an abrasive drum resulted in less than perfect decontamination for manure-contaminated carrots. There were five post-distribution isolations from carrots irrigated with contaminated water 24 h prior to harvest. CONCLUSIONS Standard commercial washing and distribution conditions may be insufficient to reliably control human pathogenic E. coli on fresh produce. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT Previous speculation that the cause of a UK foodborne disease outbreak was soil from imperfectly cleaned vegetables is plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hutchison
- Hutchison Scientific Ltd, Dundee, UK.,School of Veterinary Sciences, Food Microbiology, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - D Harrison
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Food Microbiology, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - J F Heath
- Department of Crop and Environment Science, Fresh Produce Research Centre, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK
| | - J M Monaghan
- Department of Crop and Environment Science, Fresh Produce Research Centre, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK
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10
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Tresse O, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Connerton IF. Editorial: About the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1908. [PMID: 29067004 PMCID: PMC5641295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Tresse
- SECALIM, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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11
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González-Fandos E, Maya N. Efficacy of Malic Acid Against Campylobacter jejuni
Attached to Chicken Skin During Refrigerated Storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Fandos
- Food Technology Department; CIVA Research Center; University of La Rioja; Madre de Dios 51 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Naiara Maya
- Food Technology Department; CIVA Research Center; University of La Rioja; Madre de Dios 51 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
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