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Anaya Y, Rosario Martinez R, Goodman RE, Johnson P, Vajpeyi S, Lu X, Peterson R, Weyers SM, Breen B, Newsham K, Scottoline B, Clark AJ, Malinczak CA. Evaluation of the potential food allergy risks of human lactoferrin expressed in Komagataella phaffii. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380028. [PMID: 39114650 PMCID: PMC11303282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior to the introduction of novel food ingredients into the food supply, safety risk assessments are required, and numerous prediction models have been developed and validated to evaluate safety. Methods The allergenic risk potential of Helaina recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF, Effera™), produced in Komagataella phaffii (K. phaffii) was assessed by literature search, bioinformatics sequence comparisons to known allergens, glycan allergenicity assessment, and a simulated pepsin digestion model. Results The literature search identified no allergenic risk for Helaina rhLF, K. phaffii, or its glycans. Bioinformatics search strategies showed no significant risk for cross-reactivity or allergenicity between rhLF or the 36 residual host proteins and known human allergens. Helaina rhLF was also rapidly digested in simulated gastric fluid and its digestibility profile was comparable to human milk lactoferrin (hmLF), further demonstrating a low allergenic risk and similarity to the hmLF protein. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate a low allergenic risk potential of Helaina rhLF and do not indicate the need for further clinical testing or serum IgE binding to evaluate Helaina rhLF for risk of food allergy prior to introduction into the food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanisa Anaya
- Nutritional Biology & Safety, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Philip Johnson
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Xiaoning Lu
- Nutritional Biology & Safety, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ross Peterson
- Regulatory Affairs, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Bella Breen
- Late Stage R&D, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kahler Newsham
- Late Stage R&D, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anthony J. Clark
- Late Stage R&D, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
- Regulatory Affairs, Helaina, Inc, New York, NY, United States
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Jacquet A, Soh WT. Spatiotemporal proteolytic susceptibility of allergens: positive or negative effects on the allergic sensitization? FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1426816. [PMID: 39044859 PMCID: PMC11263110 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1426816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
From their expression in their respective allergenic source to their processing by antigen presenting cells, allergens continuously encounter proteases. The ability of allergens to resist to proteolysis by digestive enzymes or host-cell/microbial proteases is considered as an important property that influences their allergenic potential. However, the relationship between proteolytic stability and allergenicity is much more complex and depends on various factors, such as the protein structure dynamics, the exposure level, the route of sensitization, and their respective protease susceptibility. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on several aspects of allergen proteolytic stability in different environments including the allergenic sources, routes of sensitization (skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract) and endolysosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells. Proteolytic stability alone cannot represent a definitive criterion to allergenicity. The proteolytic susceptibility of allergens in processed extracts can affect allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the fine tuning of allergen stability during antigen processing can be exploited for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wai Tuck Soh
- Research Group of Quantitative and Systems Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Arámburo-Gálvez JG, Tinoco-Narez-Gil R, Arvizu-Flores AA, Figueroa-Salcido OG, Mora-Melgem JA, Islas-Rubio AR, Flores-Mendoza LK, Lopez-Teros V, Astiazaran-Garcia H, Cárdenas-Torres FI, Ontiveros N. A Food Matrix Triggers a Similar Allergic Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Sensitized with Native, Denatured, and Digested Ovalbumin. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1733. [PMID: 37629590 PMCID: PMC10455175 DOI: 10.3390/life13081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for an animal model to evaluate the allergenic potential of processed food products is still ongoing. Both the sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in different structural states and the allergic response triggered after intragastric or food challenges were assessed. BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally to OVA (50 µg) in different structural states (native OVA, N-OVA; denatured OVA, D-OVA; formaldehyde- and lysine-treated OVA, FK-OVA; denatured OVA-FK, OVA-DFK; peptides from pepsin digestion, Pep-OVA). Anti-OVA-specific IgE responses were evaluated using ELISA. Anaphylactic signs and mMCP-1 serum levels were evaluated after intragastric (2.0 mg/OVA) and food (0.41 mg/OVA) challenges. IgE reactivities to N-OVA and D-OVA were similar among groups (p > 0.05). After the challenges, all OVA-sensitized mice developed mild to severe anaphylactic signs (p < 0.05 vs. control). Mice sensitized to N-OVA and D-OVA had the highest mMCP-1 serum levels after challenges (p < 0.05 vs. control). Allergic responses were similar despite the different OVA doses used for the challenges. The N-OVA-sensitized murine model of egg allergy proposed in the present study holds the potential for evaluating the impact of food matrix composition and processing on the threshold of egg-allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gilberto Arámburo-Gálvez
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (A.A.A.-F.); (V.L.-T.); (H.A.-G.)
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (R.T.-N.-G.); (O.G.F.-S.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Raúl Tinoco-Narez-Gil
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (R.T.-N.-G.); (O.G.F.-S.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Aldo Alejandro Arvizu-Flores
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (A.A.A.-F.); (V.L.-T.); (H.A.-G.)
| | - Oscar Gerardo Figueroa-Salcido
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (R.T.-N.-G.); (O.G.F.-S.); (J.A.M.-M.)
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Mora-Melgem
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico; (R.T.-N.-G.); (O.G.F.-S.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Alma Rosa Islas-Rubio
- Department of Plant-Origin Food Technology, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Lilian Karem Flores-Mendoza
- Clinical and Research Laboratory (LACIUS, C.N.), Department of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences (DC-QB), Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (A.A.A.-F.); (V.L.-T.); (H.A.-G.)
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (A.A.A.-F.); (V.L.-T.); (H.A.-G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Feliznando Isidro Cárdenas-Torres
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (J.G.A.-G.); (A.A.A.-F.); (V.L.-T.); (H.A.-G.)
| | - Noé Ontiveros
- Clinical and Research Laboratory (LACIUS, C.N.), Department of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences (DC-QB), Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Sonora, Mexico;
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Picariello G, Siano F, Di Stasio L, Mamone G, Addeo F, Ferranti P. Structural properties of food proteins underlying stability or susceptibility to human gastrointestinal digestion. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Herman RA, Zhang JXQ. Simulated gastric fluid assay for estimating the digestibility of newly expressed proteins in GE crops: Missteps in development and interpretation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113436. [PMID: 36165819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Digestive stability of a food protein in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) continues to be considered a risk factor for allergy, even though the current science does not support this belief. Methodological shortcomings of the adaption of the SGF assay for use with purified proteins has been cited as a reason to discount results that do not conform to this belief. Missteps in conducting and interpreting the results of SGF assays are reviewed here. However, these methodological shortcomings do not invalidate the conclusion that allergenic proteins are not systematically more stable to digestion than non-allergens. The growing evidence for the dual allergen exposure hypothesis, whereby sensitization to food allergens is primarily caused by dermal and inhalation exposure to food dust, and tolerization against food allergy is primarily induced by gut exposure in food, likely explains why the digestive stability of a protein is not a risk factor for allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Herman
- Corteva Agriscience, Regulatory and Stewardship, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA.
| | - John X Q Zhang
- Corteva Agriscience, Regulatory and Stewardship, Johnston, IA, USA
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