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Khalid MA, Hussain SM, Ali S, Ali Q, Rizwan M, Paray BA, Sarker PK, Naeem A. Impact of feeding biochar sources in rohu (Labeo rohita): Evaluating the growth, nutrient absorption, carcass composition, haematology and mineral status. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:1028-1037. [PMID: 38467582 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Biochar, an organic carbonaceous matter, is a unique feed additive that is now being used in aquaculture industry to formulate a cost-effective and eco-friendly diet. This experiment (in door) was conducted over course of 90 days to determine the most effective form of biochar, produced from various sources, for supplementation in Moringa oleifera seed meal-based diet. These sources were: farmyard manure biochar, parthenium biochar (PB), vegetable waste biochar, poultry waste biochar (PWB) and corncob waste biochar, added at 2 g/kg concentration to determine the effect of supplementation on the growth indices, nutrient absorption, carcass composition, haematology and mineral status of Labeo rohita (rohu) fingerlings. The research design consisted of six test diets with three replications (6 × 3) of each. Total of 270 fingerlings (6.30 ± 0.020 g) were fed at 5% body weight and 15 of them were kept in separate steel tanks. The results indicated that PWB was most effective in improving weight gain (285.58 ± 4.54%) and feed conversion ratio (1.060 ± 0.040) compared to control diet and other test diets. The same type of biochar (PWB) produced the best results for nutrient digestibility, that is, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy and carcass composition. In terms of haematology and mineral status, PWB showed the best results. In conclusion, it was found that PWB significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) L. rohita fingerling's growth, carcass composition, nutrient digestibility, haematological parameters (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and haemoglobin) and mineral composition (Ca, Na, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, K and Cu) whereas PB negatively affected all parameters. It is anticipated that the potential use of biochar will increase in aquaculture industry, as research on its incorporation in fish feeds is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Khalid
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pallab K Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Adan Naeem
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Amjad M, Hussain SM, Ali S, Rizwan M, Al-Ghanim KA, Yong JWH. Effectiveness of feeding different biochars on growth, digestibility, body composition, hematology and mineral status of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13526. [PMID: 38866883 PMCID: PMC11169356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (5.15 ± 0.02 g; n = 315) were fed with different types of biochar (BC)-supplemented sunflower meal-based (SFM) diet to investigate the effects of various BC inclusions on their nutritional digestibility, body composition, hematology and mineral status for 60 days. Seven different diets were formulated based on the SFM based diet: one was a control (TD-I, CON) and the other six diets were supplemented with 2% BC derived from different sources. These BCs were derived from the following: cotton stick (CSBC, TD-II), wheat straw (WSBC, TD-III), corn cob (CCBC, TD-IV), house waste (HWBC, TD-V), grass waste (GWBC, TD-VI), and green waste (GwBC, TD-VII) biochar. There were three replicates for each test diet. Each tank had fifteen tilapia fingerlings, and they were fed with 5% of their live wet weight and twice daily. The outcomes showed that the supplementation of CCBC significantly elevated the growth, nutrient absorption, and body composition of the O. niloticus fingerlings (p < 0.05); with concomitant lowering of the quantity of nutrients released into the water bodies whereas HWBC gave negative impacts. The maximal mineral absorption efficiency (Ca, Na, K, Cu, Fe, P, and Zn) was achieved by the supplementation of 2% CCBC. All hematological parameters showed positive improvements (p < 0.05) with CCBC. Interestingly, CCBC significantly improved the growth, digestibility, body composition, hematology, and mineral status of O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Kara T, Bharti VS, Amal CT, Shukla SP, Manupati AAR, Sahu NP. Sugarcane bagasse biochar enhances the growth parameters, haematological parameters, and enzyme activities of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) reared in inland saline water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30797-x. [PMID: 37971584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present scenario, waste management, especially agro-waste, is one of the major challenges. India is an agrarian country and the economy depends on agriculture and a huge amount of agro-wastes are generated. In this study, biochar was prepared from paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse and was used in the feed of genetically improved farm tilapia (GIFT) at 0.5% (w/w) basis to study its effect on growth and haematological parameters. An experiment was carried out in triplicate in 500-l capacity FRP tanks comprising two treatments and one control. Tanks were filled with inland saline soil to maintain 25-cm soil's bed and water with 12 ppt salinity. A total of 22 fish having an average length of 5.14 ± 0.07 cm and weight of 4.8 ± 0.05 g were stocked in each tank; the fish were fed at apparent satiation level, twice daily for 45 days. It was observed that growth parameters like SGR% (specific growth rate), weight gain (WG%), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) than the control. Biochar-enriched feed also significantly improved the haematological parameters like red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) haematocrit % (HCT), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCH), and MCV (mean cell volume) in treatment groups than the control. Feeding biochar as feed additives was also found to decrease catalase (CAT) and enhanced amylase and lipase activities in treatments as compared to control (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the application of biochar as a feed additive enhanced the growth and overall health of the fish, and it can enhance fish production. However, biochar from sugarcane bagasse was found to be more effective than the paddy straw biochar in the diet of tilapia (GIFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Kara
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidya Shree Bharti
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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McCafferty K, Purswell J. Applied Research Note: Effects of various concentrations of supplemental biochar on ileal digestible energy and live performance of broilers during an 8-week production period. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Animal production is a significant contributor of organic and inorganic contaminants in air, soil, and water systems. These pollutants are present beginning in animal houses and impacts continue through manure storage, treatment, and land application. As the industry is expected to expand, there is still a lack of affordable, sustainable solutions to many environmental concerns in animal production. Biochar is a low-cost, sustainable biomaterial with many environmental remediation applications. Its physicochemical properties have been proven to provide environmental benefits via the adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants, promote plant growth, improve soil quality, and provide a form of carbon sequestration. For these reasons, biochar has been researched regarding biochar production, and application methods to biological systems have a significant influence on the moisture content, pH, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen retention. There remain unanswered questions about how we can manipulate biochar via physical and chemical activation methods to enhance the performance for specific applications. This review article addresses the positive and negative impacts of biochar addition at various stages in animal production from feed intake to manure land application.
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Joch M, Výborná A, Tyrolová Y, Kudrna V, Trakal L, Vadroňová M, Tichá D, Pohořelý M. Feeding biochar to horses: effects on nutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and blood parameters. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Osman AI, Fawzy S, Farghali M, El-Azazy M, Elgarahy AM, Fahim RA, Maksoud MIAA, Ajlan AA, Yousry M, Saleem Y, Rooney DW. Biochar for agronomy, animal farming, anaerobic digestion, composting, water treatment, soil remediation, construction, energy storage, and carbon sequestration: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:2385-2485. [PMID: 35571983 PMCID: PMC9077033 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change and the circular economy, biochar has recently found many applications in various sectors as a versatile and recycled material. Here, we review application of biochar-based for carbon sink, covering agronomy, animal farming, anaerobic digestion, composting, environmental remediation, construction, and energy storage. The ultimate storage reservoirs for biochar are soils, civil infrastructure, and landfills. Biochar-based fertilisers, which combine traditional fertilisers with biochar as a nutrient carrier, are promising in agronomy. The use of biochar as a feed additive for animals shows benefits in terms of animal growth, gut microbiota, reduced enteric methane production, egg yield, and endo-toxicant mitigation. Biochar enhances anaerobic digestion operations, primarily for biogas generation and upgrading, performance and sustainability, and the mitigation of inhibitory impurities. In composts, biochar controls the release of greenhouse gases and enhances microbial activity. Co-composted biochar improves soil properties and enhances crop productivity. Pristine and engineered biochar can also be employed for water and soil remediation to remove pollutants. In construction, biochar can be added to cement or asphalt, thus conferring structural and functional advantages. Incorporating biochar in biocomposites improves insulation, electromagnetic radiation protection and moisture control. Finally, synthesising biochar-based materials for energy storage applications requires additional functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
| | - Samer Fawzy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
| | - Mohamed Farghali
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed M. Elgarahy
- Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company (EPPC), Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Ramy Amer Fahim
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. I. A. Abdel Maksoud
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abbas Abdullah Ajlan
- Department of Chemistry -Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, P.O.Box 6803, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Mahmoud Yousry
- Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651 Egypt
- Cemart for Building Materials and Insulation, postcode 11765, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Saleem
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil and Water Science, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - David W. Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
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Witte F, Pajic A, Menger F, Tomasevic I, Schubert DC, Visscher C, Terjung N. Preliminary Test of the Reduction Capacity for the Intestinal Adsorption of Skatole and Indole in Weaning Piglets by Pure and Coated Charcoal. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2720. [PMID: 34573685 PMCID: PMC8469709 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the risk of boar taint, intact male piglets are immuno- or surgically castrated. One alternative is reducing skatole by adding skatole reducing or adsorbing substances to the boars' diet. Charcoal with a high capacity for adsorbing skatole and indole in vitro (tested before, data not shown) was fed to the boars to test the hypothesis that a fat coating prevents the unspecific adsorption of charcoal before entry into the large intestine while increasing skatole adsorption. Twelve male and six female weaning piglets with initial body weights of 7.74 ± 0.75 kg were fed for 18 (or 19) days with either 2% pure (untreated) charcoal or 4% coated (50% charcoal + 50% fat-coating) charcoal or no charcoal. After euthanasia, skatole and indole were quantified in caecum and colon chyme. Skatole and indole contents in caecum chyme were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the group fed with coated charcoal (33 ± 4.2, 7 ± 2.8 µg/gDM, respectively) than in the group fed with pure charcoal (51 ± 7.3, 14 ± 3.0 µg/gDM) or with no charcoal (73 ± 12.6, 15 ± 1.7 µg/gDM). Similar effects were obvious for colon chyme. The results indicate that a fat coating of charcoal might prevent unspecific adsorption in the small intestine and might consequently lead to a higher adsorption capacity for skatole and indole in the large intestine, as skatole and indole concentrations in the chyme of caecum and colon were approximately 50% lower in the piglets who received coated charcoal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Witte
- German Institute of Food Technologies—DIL e.V., 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany; (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksandar Pajic
- German Institute of Food Technologies—DIL e.V., 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany; (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Florian Menger
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dana Carina Schubert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, 30173 Hanover, Germany; (D.C.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, 30173 Hanover, Germany; (D.C.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Nino Terjung
- German Institute of Food Technologies—DIL e.V., 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany; (F.W.); (A.P.)
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Schubert DC, Chuppava B, Witte F, Terjung N, Visscher C. Evaluation of Coated Biochar as an Intestinal Binding Agent for Skatole and Indole in Male Intact Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:760. [PMID: 33801873 PMCID: PMC7998114 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ban on piglet castration without anaesthesia poses a challenge for the meat industry since alternatives ensuring the production of flawless pork have to be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar on skatole and indole concentration in faeces and plasma on a small scale in finishing boars to prove whether biochar was suitable for use in commercial pork production. Moreover, it was investigated whether biochar affects faecal properties or the performance. For a four-week trial period, 54 boars (bodyweight 97.2 ± 6.88 kg) were divided into three groups. The control (BC0) received no dietary biochar, one group received a diet containing 4% coated biochar (corresponding to 2% pure biochar) for the final two experimental weeks (BC2), and another group for the entire four weeks (BC4), respectively, prior to slaughter. Skatole and indole concentrations were measured in faeces and plasma at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the trial. Mean skatole concentrations did not differ between groups, but in BC2 faecal skatole was significantly decreased at day 26, whereas in BC4 initial and final faecal skatole levels did not differ. At day 15 and 26, the faecal dry matter content was significantly higher in pigs fed the biochar diet (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Carina Schubert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Franziska Witte
- German Institute for Food Technologies (DIL e.V), Quakenbrück, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, D-49610 Quakenbrück, Germany; (F.W.); (N.T.)
| | - Nino Terjung
- German Institute for Food Technologies (DIL e.V), Quakenbrück, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, D-49610 Quakenbrück, Germany; (F.W.); (N.T.)
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hanover, Germany; (B.C.); (C.V.)
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