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Zhan H, Xie D, Yan Z, Yi Z, Xiang D, Niu Y, Liang X, Geng B, Wu M, Xia Y, Jiang J. Fluid shear stress-mediated Piezo1 alleviates osteocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150391. [PMID: 39002199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis serves as a primary cause for secondary osteoporosis and fragility fractures, representing the most prevalent adverse reaction associated with prolonged glucocorticoid use. In this study, to elucidate the impact and underlying mechanisms of fluid shear stress (FSS)-mediated Piezo1 on dexamethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis, we respectively applied Dex treatment for 6 h, FSS at 9 dyne/cm2 for 30 min, Yoda1 treatment for 2 h, and Piezo1 siRNA transfection to intervene in MLO-Y4 osteocytes. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway. Additionally, qRT-PCR was utilized to quantify the mRNA expression levels of these molecules. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate the apoptosis levels. The results indicate that FSS at 9 dyne/cm2 for 30 min significantly upregulates Piezo1 in osteocytes. Following Dex-induced apoptosis, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt are markedly suppressed. FSS-mediated Piezo1 exerts a protective effect against Dex-induced apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Additionally, downregulating the expression of Piezo1 in osteocytes using siRNA exacerbates Dex-induced apoptosis. To further demonstrate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, after intervention with the PI3K pathway inhibitor, the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by FSS-mediated Piezo1 in osteocytes was significantly inhibited, reversing the anti-apoptotic effect. This study indicates that under FSS, Piezo1 in MLO-Y4 osteocytes is significantly upregulated, providing protection against Dex-induced apoptosis through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhan
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Daijun Xie
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhenxing Yan
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhi Yi
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Dejian Xiang
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Yongkang Niu
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Liang
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Bin Geng
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Yayi Xia
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopaedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Zhou J, Tang R, Wang X, Ma H, Li X, Heianza Y, Qi L. Frailty Status, Sedentary Behaviors, and Risk of Incident Bone Fractures. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae186. [PMID: 39086331 PMCID: PMC11333823 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of physical pre-frailty and frailty with bone fractures and the modified effect of sedentary lifestyle remain uncertain. This study was performed to explore the association of physical pre-frailty and frailty with risk of incident bone fractures, and test the modification effects of sedentary lifestyle and other risk factors. METHODS This cohort study included 413 630 participants without bone fractures at baseline in the UK Biobank study between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to 2021. The mean age of the participants was 56.5 years. A total of 224 351 (54.2%) enrolled participants were female and 376 053 (90.9%) included participants were White. Three Cox regression models were constructed to analyze the association of pre-frailty and frailty with total fractures, hip fractures, vertebrae fractures, and other fractures. RESULTS As compared with the physical nonfrailty group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.21) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.53-1.74) for the physical pre-frailty group and frailty group, respectively (p-trend < .001). In addition, we found that sedentary behavior time significantly accentuated the associations of physical pre-frailty and frailty with total fractures (p-interaction <.001), hip fractures (p-interaction = .013), and other fractures (p-interaction <.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that physical pre-frailty and frailty are related to higher risks of bone fractures; such association was more pronounced among those with longer sedentary behavior time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Naik A, Kale AA, Rajwade JM. Sensing the future: A review on emerging technologies for assessing and monitoring bone health. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 165:214008. [PMID: 39213957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bone health is crucial at all stages of life. Several medical conditions and changes in lifestyle affect the growth, structure, and functions of bones. This may lead to the development of bone degenerative disorders, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc., which are major public health concerns worldwide. Accurate and reliable measurement and monitoring of bone health are important aspects for early diagnosis and interventions to prevent such disorders. Significant progress has recently been made in developing new sensing technologies that offer non-invasive, low-cost, and accurate measurements of bone health. In this review, we have described bone remodeling processes and common bone disorders. We have also compiled information on the bone turnover markers for their use as biomarkers in biosensing devices to monitor bone health. Second, this review details biosensing technology for bone health assessment, including the latest developments in various non-invasive techniques, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and biosensors. Further, we have also discussed the potential of emerging technologies, such as biosensors based on nano- and micro-electromechanical systems and application of artificial intelligence in non-invasive techniques for improving bone health assessment. Finally, we have summarized the advantages and limitations of each technology and described clinical applications for detecting bone disorders and monitoring treatment outcomes. Overall, this review highlights the potential of emerging technologies for improving bone health assessment with the potential to revolutionize clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. The review highlights key challenges and future directions for biosensor research that pave the way for continued innovations to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Naik
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, School of Science and Environmental Studies, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Anup A Kale
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, School of Science and Environmental Studies, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyutika M Rajwade
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
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Pandit A, Indurkar A, Locs J, Haugen HJ, Loca D. Calcium Phosphates: A Key to Next-Generation In Vitro Bone Modeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401307. [PMID: 39175382 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The replication of bone physiology under laboratory conditions is a prime target behind the development of in vitro bone models. The model should be robust enough to elicit an unbiased response when stimulated experimentally, giving reproducible outcomes. In vitro bone tissue generation majorly requires the availability of cellular components, the presence of factors promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation, efficient nutrient supply, and a supporting matrix for the cells to anchor - gaining predefined topology. Calcium phosphates (CaP) are difficult to ignore while considering the above requirements of a bone model. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of CaP in developing an in vitro bone model addressing the prerequisites of bone tissue generation. Special emphasis is given to the physico-chemical properties of CaP that promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis and provide sufficient mechanical strength for load-bearing applications. Finally, the future course of action is discussed to ensure efficient utilization of CaP in the in vitro bone model development field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Pandit
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Abhishek Indurkar
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | | | - Dagnija Loca
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
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Hao Y, Yang N, Sun M, Yang S, Chen X. The role of calcium channels in osteoporosis and their therapeutic potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1450328. [PMID: 39170742 PMCID: PMC11335502 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1450328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disorder marked by diminished bone mass and compromised bone microarchitecture, is becoming increasingly prevalent due to an aging population. The underlying pathophysiology of osteoporosis is attributed to an imbalance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Osteoclasts play a crucial role in the development of osteoporosis through various molecular pathways, including the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling axis, cytokines, and integrins. Notably, the calcium signaling pathway is pivotal in regulating osteoclast activation and function, influencing bone resorption activity. Disruption in calcium signaling can lead to increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, contributing to the progression of osteoporosis. Emerging research indicates that calcium-permeable channels on the cellular membrane play a critical role in bone metabolism by modulating these intracellular calcium pathways. Here, we provide an overview of current literature on the regulation of plasma membrane calcium channels in relation to bone metabolism with particular emphasis on their dysregulation during the progression of osteoporosis. Targeting these calcium channels may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hao
- College of Sports, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- College of Sports, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengying Sun
- College of Sports, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangze Yang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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Sun X, Guo Z, Cao X, Xiong B, Pan Y, Sun W, Bai Z. Stability of osteotomy in minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery with "8" shaped bandage during gait: a finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1415617. [PMID: 39139292 PMCID: PMC11319139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1415617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hallux valgus, a common foot deformity, often necessitates surgical intervention. This study evaluates the biomechanical alterations in patients post-surgery, focusing on the efficacy of an "8" bandage fixation system to promote optimal recovery. Methods A three-dimensional (3D) model was constructed using CT data from a patient with hallux valgus. A quasi-static finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted in conjunction with gait analysis to evaluate the biomechanical changes at the osteotomy site under "8" shaped bandage fixation following hallux valgus surgery. The effects of the "8" shaped bandage on the stability of the osteotomy site and bone healing were investigated at three load points during the gait cycle. Results During the Loading Response (LR), Midstance (MSt), and Terminal stance TSt phases, the osteotomy end experienced maximum Von Mises stresses of 0.118, 1.349, and 1.485 MPa, respectively. Correspondingly, the maximum principal stresses, all of which were compressive along the Z-axis, were 0.11662 N, 1.39266 N, and 1.46762 N, respectively. Additionally, these phases showed a maximum relative total displacement of 0.848 mm and a maximum relative shear displacement of 0.872 mm. Conclusion During the stance phase, the osteotomy end of the first metatarsal is predominantly subjected to compressive stress, with the relative displacement within the safe range to promote healing. The application of an "8" bandage for external fixation after surgery can maintain the dynamic stability of osteotomy sites post-minimally invasive hallux valgus correction during the gait cycle, thereby promoting the healing of the osteotomy ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Guo
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhan Cao
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binglang Xiong
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Pan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixing Bai
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fois MG, van Griensven M, Giselbrecht S, Habibović P, Truckenmüller RK, Tahmasebi Birgani ZN. Mini-bones: miniaturized bone in vitro models. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:910-928. [PMID: 38493050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering (TE) and regeneration, miniaturized, (sub)millimeter-sized bone models have become a popular trend since they bring about physiological biomimicry, precise orchestration of concurrent stimuli, and compatibility with high-throughput setups and high-content imaging. They also allow efficient use of cells, reagents, materials, and energy. In this review, we describe the state of the art of miniaturized in vitro bone models, or 'mini-bones', describing these models based on their characteristics of (multi)cellularity and engineered extracellular matrix (ECM), and elaborating on miniaturization approaches and fabrication techniques. We analyze the performance of 'mini-bone' models according to their applications for studying basic bone biology or as regeneration models, disease models, and screening platforms, and provide an outlook on future trends, challenges, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Fois
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman K Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zeinab Niloofar Tahmasebi Birgani
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Xiong Z, Rouquier L, Huang X, Potier E, Bensidhoum M, Hoc T. Porosity and surface curvature effects on the permeability and wall shear stress of trabecular bone: Guidelines for biomimetic scaffolds for bone repair. Comput Biol Med 2024; 177:108630. [PMID: 38781643 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Scaffolds are an essential component of bone tissue engineering to provide support and create a physiological environment for cells. Biomimetic scaffolds are a promising approach to fulfill the requirements. Bone allografts are widely used scaffolds due to their mechanical and structural characteristics. The scaffold geometry is well known to be an important determinant of induced mechanical stimulation felt by the cells. However, the impact of allograft geometry on permeability and wall shear stress distribution is not well understood. This information is essential for designing biomimetic scaffolds that provide a suitable environment for cells to proliferate and differentiate. The present study investigates the effect of geometry on the permeability and wall shear stress of bone allografts at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Our results concluded that the wall shear stress was strongly correlated with the porosity of the allograft. The level of wall shear stress at a local scale was also determined by the surface curvature characteristics. The results of this study can serve as a guideline for future biomimetic scaffold designs that provide a mechanical environment favorable for osteogenesis and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiong
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Léa Rouquier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Xingrong Huang
- Ecole Centrale de Pékin/School of General Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hoc
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France; Mechanical Department, MSGMGC, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134, Ecully, France.
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Owen R, Wittkowske C, Lacroix D, Perrault CM, Reilly GC. β-glycerophosphate, not low magnitude fluid shear stress, increases osteocytogenesis in the osteoblast-to-osteocyte cell line IDG-SW3. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:313-329. [PMID: 38982804 PMCID: PMC11371265 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2375065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM As osteoblasts deposit a mineralized collagen network, a subpopulation of these cells differentiates into osteocytes. Biochemical and mechanical stimuli, particularly fluid shear stress (FSS), are thought to regulate this, but their relative influence remains unclear. Here, we assess both biochemical and mechanical stimuli on long-term bone formation and osteocytogenesis using the osteoblast-osteocyte cell line IDG-SW3. METHODS Due to the relative novelty and uncommon culture conditions of IDG-SW3 versus other osteoblast-lineage cell lines, effects of temperature and media formulation on matrix deposition and osteocytogenesis were initially characterized. Subsequently, the relative influence of biochemical (β-glycerophosphate (βGP) and ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P)) and mechanical stimulation on osteocytogenesis was compared, with intermittent application of low magnitude FSS generated by see-saw rocker. RESULTS βGP and AA2P supplementation were required for mineralization and osteocytogenesis, with 33°C cultures retaining a more osteoblastic phenotype and 37°C cultures undergoing significantly higher osteocytogenesis. βGP concentration positively correlated with calcium deposition, whilst AA2P stimulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen deposition. We demonstrate that increasing βGP concentration also significantly enhances osteocytogenesis as quantified by the expression of green fluorescent protein linked to Dmp1. Intermittent FSS (~0.06 Pa) rocker had no effect on osteocytogenesis and matrix deposition. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the suitability and ease with which IDG-SW3 can be utilized in osteocytogenesis studies. IDG-SW3 mineralization was only mediated through biochemical stimuli with no detectable effect of low magnitude FSS. Osteocytogenesis of IDG-SW3 primarily occurred in mineralized areas, further demonstrating the role mineralization of the bone extracellular matrix has in osteocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Owen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudia Wittkowske
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Damien Lacroix
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cecile M. Perrault
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Lei L, Wen Z, Cao M, Zhang H, Ling SKK, Fu BSC, Qin L, Xu J, Yung PSH. The emerging role of Piezo1 in the musculoskeletal system and disease. Theranostics 2024; 14:3963-3983. [PMID: 38994033 PMCID: PMC11234281 DOI: 10.7150/thno.96959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, has emerged as a key player in translating mechanical stimuli into biological signaling. Its involvement extends beyond physiological and pathological processes such as lymphatic vessel development, axon growth, vascular development, immunoregulation, and blood pressure regulation. The musculoskeletal system, responsible for structural support, movement, and homeostasis, has recently attracted attention regarding the significance of Piezo1. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current research on Piezo1 in the musculoskeletal system, highlighting its impact on bone formation, myogenesis, chondrogenesis, intervertebral disc homeostasis, tendon matrix cross-linking, and physical activity. Additionally, we explore the potential of targeting Piezo1 as a therapeutic approach for musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, intervertebral disc degeneration, and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenkang Wen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingde Cao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haozhi Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Ka-Kin Ling
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bruma Sai-Chuen Fu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Sir Yue-Kong Pao Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Sir Yue-Kong Pao Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zauchner D, Müller MZ, Horrer M, Bissig L, Zhao F, Fisch P, Lee SS, Zenobi-Wong M, Müller R, Qin XH. Synthetic biodegradable microporous hydrogels for in vitro 3D culture of functional human bone cell networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5027. [PMID: 38871693 PMCID: PMC11176307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Generating 3D bone cell networks in vitro that mimic the dynamic process during early bone formation remains challenging. Here, we report a synthetic biodegradable microporous hydrogel for efficient formation of 3D networks from human primary cells, analysis of cell-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) and microfluidic integration. Using polymerization-induced phase separation, we demonstrate dynamic in situ formation of microporosity (5-20 µm) within matrix metalloproteinase-degradable polyethylene glycol hydrogels in the presence of living cells. Pore formation is triggered by thiol-Michael-addition crosslinking of a viscous precursor solution supplemented with hyaluronic acid and dextran. The resulting microporous architecture can be fine-tuned by adjusting the concentration and molecular weight of dextran. After encapsulation in microporous hydrogels, human mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoblasts spread rapidly and form 3D networks within 24 hours. We demonstrate that matrix degradability controls cell-matrix remodeling, osteogenic differentiation, and deposition of ECM proteins such as collagen. Finally, we report microfluidic integration and proof-of-concept osteogenic differentiation of 3D cell networks under perfusion on chip. Altogether, this work introduces a synthetic microporous hydrogel to efficiently differentiate 3D human bone cell networks, facilitating future in vitro studies on early bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Zauchner
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marion Horrer
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leana Bissig
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hua Qin
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Babu S, Shanmugavadivu A, Selvamurugan N. Tunable mechanical properties of chitosan-based biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132820. [PMID: 38825286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to develop implantable bone replacements for severe skeletal abnormalities that do not heal. In the field of BTE, chitosan (CS) has become a leading polysaccharide in the development of bone scaffolds. Although CS has several excellent properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties, it has limitations for use in BTE because of its poor mechanical properties, increased degradation, and minimal bioactivity. To address these issues, researchers have explored other biomaterials, such as synthetic polymers, ceramics, and CS coatings on metals, to produce CS-based biocomposite scaffolds for BTE applications. These CS-based biocomposite scaffolds demonstrate superior properties, including mechanical characteristics, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, and tensile strength. In addition, they are compatible with neighboring tissues, exhibit a controlled rate of degradation, and promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. This review provides a brief outline of the recent progress in making different CS-based biocomposite scaffolds and how to characterize them so that their mechanical properties can be tuned using crosslinkers for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Quek J, Vizetto-Duarte C, Teoh SH, Choo Y. Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:145. [PMID: 38921519 PMCID: PMC11205181 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering-stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation-addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Quek
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Centre for Advanced Medical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yen Choo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
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14
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Rezaei Z, Navarro Torres A, Ge D, Wang T, Méndez Terán EC, García Vera SE, Bassous NJ, Soria OYP, Ávila Ramírez AE, Flores Campos LM, Azuela Rosas DA, Hassan S, Khorsandi D, Jucaud V, Hussain MA, Khateeb A, Zhang YS, Lee H, Kim DH, Khademhosseini A, Dokmeci MR, Shin SR. Noninvasive and Continuous Monitoring of On-Chip Stem Cell Osteogenesis Using a Reusable Electrochemical Immunobiosensor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2334-2345. [PMID: 38639453 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring of biofabricated tissues during the biomanufacturing process is needed to obtain reproducible, healthy, and functional tissues. Measuring the levels of biomarkers secreted from tissues is a promising strategy to understand the status of tissues during biofabrication. Continuous and real-time information from cultivated tissues enables users to achieve scalable manufacturing. Label-free biosensors are promising candidates for detecting cell secretomes since they can be noninvasive and do not require labor-intensive processes such as cell lysing. Moreover, most conventional monitoring techniques are single-use, conducted at the end of the fabrication process, and, challengingly, are not permissive to in-line and continual detection. To address these challenges, we developed a noninvasive and continual monitoring platform to evaluate the status of cells during the biofabrication process, with a particular focus on monitoring the transient processes that stem cells go through during in vitro differentiation over extended periods. We designed and evaluated a reusable electrochemical immunosensor with the capacity for detecting trace amounts of secreted osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin (OPN). The sensor has a low limit of detection (LOD), high sensitivity, and outstanding selectivity in complex biological media. We used this OPN immunosensor to continuously monitor on-chip osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured 2D and 3D hydrogel constructs inside a microfluidic bioreactor for more than a month and were able to observe changing levels of OPN secretion during culture. The proposed platform can potentially be adopted for monitoring a variety of biological applications and further developed into a fully automated system for applications in advanced cellular biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Andrea Navarro Torres
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - David Ge
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eloísa Carolina Méndez Terán
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Stefany Elizabeth García Vera
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Nicole Joy Bassous
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Oscar Yael Perez Soria
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Alan Eduardo Ávila Ramírez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luis Mario Flores Campos
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Diego Arnoldo Azuela Rosas
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Khalifa University, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Functional Biomaterials Group, Khalifa University, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Mohammad Asif Hussain
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhameed Khateeb
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - HeaYeon Lee
- Mara Nanotech Inc., Hanmir Hall, Yongdang Campus, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu 48548, Republic of Korea
- MARA Nanotech New York INC., NY Designs, 29-10 Thomson Ave, Rm. C760, L.I.C., New York 11101, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 11570 W Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Wähnert D, Miersbach M, Colcuc C, Brianza S, Vordemvenne T, Plecko M, Schwarz A. Promoting bone callus formation by taking advantage of the time-dependent fracture gap strain modulation. Front Surg 2024; 11:1376441. [PMID: 38756355 PMCID: PMC11096559 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1376441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Delayed union and non-union of fractures continue to be a major problem in trauma and orthopedic surgery. These cases are challenging for the surgeon. In addition, these patients suffer from multiple surgeries, pain and disability. Furthermore, these cases are a major burden on healthcare systems. The scientific community widely agrees that the stability of fixation plays a crucial role in determining the outcome of osteosynthesis. The extent of stabilization affects factors like fracture gap strain and fluid flow, which, in turn, influence the regenerative processes positively or negatively. Nonetheless, a growing body of literature suggests that during the fracture healing process, there exists a critical time frame where intervention can stimulate the bone's return to its original form and function. This article provides a summary of existing evidence in the literature regarding the impact of different levels of fixation stability on the strain experienced by newly forming tissues. We will also discuss the timing and nature of this "window of opportunity" and explore how current knowledge is driving the development of new technologies with design enhancements rooted in mechanobiological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Wähnert
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marco Miersbach
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Colcuc
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Vordemvenne
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Plecko
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Hospital Graz (UKH), Graz, Austria
| | - Angelika Schwarz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Hospital Graz (UKH), Graz, Austria
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16
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Zhou Y, Guo P, Jin Z, Chai M, Zhang S, Wang X, Tan WS, Zhou Y. Fluid shear force and hydrostatic pressure jointly promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating YAP1 and NFAT2. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300714. [PMID: 38622793 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Natural bone tissue features a complex mechanical environment, with cells responding to diverse mechanical stimuli, including fluid shear stress (FSS) and hydrostatic pressure (HP). However, current in vitro experiments commonly employ a singular mechanical stimulus to simulate the mechanical environment in vivo. The understanding of the combined effects and mechanisms of multiple mechanical stimuli remains limited. Hence, this study constructed a mechanical stimulation device capable of simultaneously applying FSS and HP to cells. This study investigated the impact of FSS and HP on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and examined the distinctions and interactions between the two mechanisms. The results demonstrated that both FSS and HP individually enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, with a more pronounced effect observed through their combined application. BMSCs responded to external FSS and HP stimulation through the integrin-cytoskeleton and Piezo1 ion channel respectively. This led to the activation of downstream biochemical signals, resulting in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the intracellular transcription factors Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2). Activated YAP1 could bind to NFAT2 to enhance transcriptional activity, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs more effectively. This study highlights the significance of composite mechanical stimulation in BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation, offering guidance for establishing a complex mechanical environment for in vitro functional bone tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Takaoka Y, Fujibayashi S, Onoe H, Goto K, Otsuki B, Kawai T, Okuzu Y, Shimizu T, Ikeda N, Orita K, Honda S, Ikezaki T, Yabutsuka T, Matsuda S. Bone ingrowth into a porous structure is achieved by preceding fibrogenesis and vascularization. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:243-252. [PMID: 38367656 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Porous structures are frequently used in surgical implants to strengthen the interlocking power produced by bone ingrowth. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying bone ingrowth into a porous structure accompanied by vascularization. A nonbioactive polyetheretherketone implant with a 3D-printed porous structure was prepared and implanted in a bone hole created in the tibias of rabbits. We observed bone ingrowth in the same individual specimens immediately and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation using in-vivo computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, a detailed evaluation with blood vessels of each specimen at 2, 4, and 12 weeks was performed with ex-vivo CT and histological specimen. Additional histological evaluation was performed using thin sections of an implant made with thermoplastic polyurethane having the same structure. As a result, the bone invasion began after four weeks, when the construction of fibrous tissue and the spread of new blood vessels within the voids matured. As the bone matured in the load-bearing area, new blood vessels outside the bone matrix regressed. This longitudinal evaluation study suggests that preceding fibrogenesis and vascularization may be key in developing bone ingrowth. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A porous structure is an essential structure for dental and orthopedic implants because it provides strong fixation through bone invasion. Although it was known that vascularization was involved in this, the details were not known. This in vivo study revealed that in order for bone ingrowth to begin, a preparatory period of approximately 4 weeks was required to establish blood flow inside and outside the implant. Furthermore, it was confirmed that by spreading the fibrous structure in advance, it has an advantageous effect on the migration of cells involved in the formation of bones and blood vessels. We pointed out that it is necessary to consider fibrogenesis and vascularization when creating future implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takaoka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Fujibayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bungo Otsuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kawai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Okuzu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ikeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuki Orita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shintaro Honda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Ikezaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabutsuka
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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18
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de Leeuw AM, Graf R, Lim PJ, Zhang J, Schädli GN, Peterhans S, Rohrbach M, Giunta C, Rüger M, Rubert M, Müller R. Physiological cell bioprinting density in human bone-derived cell-laden scaffolds enhances matrix mineralization rate and stiffness under dynamic loading. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1310289. [PMID: 38419730 PMCID: PMC10900528 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1310289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human organotypic bone models are an emerging technology that replicate bone physiology and mechanobiology for comprehensive in vitro experimentation over prolonged periods of time. Recently, we introduced a mineralized bone model based on 3D bioprinted cell-laden alginate-gelatin-graphene oxide hydrogels cultured under dynamic loading using commercially available human mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, we created cell-laden scaffolds from primary human osteoblasts isolated from surgical waste material and investigated the effects of a previously reported optimal cell printing density (5 × 106 cells/mL bioink) vs. a higher physiological cell density (10 × 106 cells/mL bioink). We studied mineral formation, scaffold stiffness, and cell morphology over a 10-week period to determine culture conditions for primary human bone cells in this microenvironment. For analysis, the human bone-derived cell-laden scaffolds underwent multiscale assessment at specific timepoints. High cell viability was observed in both groups after bioprinting (>90%) and after 2 weeks of daily mechanical loading (>85%). Bioprinting at a higher cell density resulted in faster mineral formation rates, higher mineral densities and remarkably a 10-fold increase in stiffness compared to a modest 2-fold increase in the lower printing density group. In addition, physiological cell bioprinting densities positively impacted cell spreading and formation of dendritic interconnections. We conclude that our methodology of processing patient-specific human bone cells, subsequent biofabrication and dynamic culturing reliably affords mineralized cell-laden scaffolds. In the future, in vitro systems based on patient-derived cells could be applied to study the individual phenotype of bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta and aid clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reto Graf
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pei Jin Lim
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rüger
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Rubert
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Bernero M, Zauchner D, Müller R, Qin XH. Interpenetrating network hydrogels for studying the role of matrix viscoelasticity in 3D osteocyte morphogenesis. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:919-932. [PMID: 38231154 PMCID: PMC10863643 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
During bone formation, osteoblasts are embedded in a collagen-rich osteoid tissue and differentiate into an extensive 3D osteocyte network throughout the mineralizing matrix. However, how these cells dynamically remodel the matrix and undergo 3D morphogenesis remains poorly understood. Although previous reports investigated the impact of matrix stiffness in osteocyte morphogenesis, the role of matrix viscoelasticity is often overlooked. Here, we report a viscoelastic alginate-collagen interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel for 3D culture of murine osteocyte-like IDG-SW3 cells. The IPN hydrogels consist of an ionically crosslinked alginate network to tune stress relaxation as well as a permissive collagen network to promote cell adhesion and matrix remodeling. Two IPN hydrogels were developed with comparable stiffnesses (4.4-4.7 kPa) but varying stress relaxation times (t1/2, 1.5 s and 14.4 s). IDG-SW3 cells were pre-differentiated in 2D under osteogenic conditions for 14 days to drive osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition. Cellular mechanosensitivity to fluid shear stress (2 Pa) was confirmed by live-cell calcium imaging. After embedding in the IPN hydrogels, cells remained highly viable following 7 days of 3D culture. After 24 h, osteocytes in the fast-relaxing hydrogels showed the largest cell area and long dendritic processes. However, a significantly larger increase of some osteogenic markers (ALP, Dmp1, hydroxyapatite) as well as intercellular connections via gap junctions were observed in slow-relaxing hydrogels on day 14. Our results imply that fast-relaxing IPN hydrogels promote early cell spreading, whereas slow relaxation favors osteogenic differentiation. These findings may advance the development of 3D in vivo-like osteocyte models to better understand bone mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Xiao-Hua Qin
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
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20
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Gabetti S, Masante B, Schiavi A, Scatena E, Zenobi E, Israel S, Sanginario A, Del Gaudio C, Audenino A, Morbiducci U, Massai D. Adaptable test bench for ASTM-compliant permeability measurement of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1722. [PMID: 38242930 PMCID: PMC10799031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic permeability describes the ability of a porous medium to be penetrated by a fluid. Considering porous scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications, this macroscopic variable can strongly influence the transport of oxygen and nutrients, the cell seeding process, and the transmission of fluid forces to the cells, playing a crucial role in determining scaffold efficacy. Thus, accurately measuring the permeability of porous scaffolds could represent an essential step in their optimization process. In literature, several methods have been proposed to characterize scaffold permeability. Most of the currently adopted approaches to assess permeability limit their applicability to specific scaffold structures, hampering protocols standardization, and ultimately leading to incomparable results among different laboratories. The content of novelty of this study is in the proposal of an adaptable test bench and in defining a specific testing protocol, compliant with the ASTM International F2952-22 guidelines, for reliable and repeatable measurements of the intrinsic permeability of TE porous scaffolds. The developed permeability test bench (PTB) exploits the pump-based method, and it is composed of a modular permeability chamber integrated within a closed-loop hydraulic circuit, which includes a peristaltic pump and pressure sensors, recirculating demineralized water. A specific testing protocol was defined for characterizing the pressure drop associated with the scaffold under test, while minimizing the effects of uncertainty sources. To assess the operational capabilities and performance of the proposed test bench, permeability measurements were conducted on PLA scaffolds with regular (PS) and random (RS) micro-architecture and on commercial bovine bone matrix-derived scaffolds (CS) for bone TE. To validate the proposed approach, the scaffolds were as well characterized using an alternative test bench (ATB) based on acoustic measurements, implementing a blind randomized testing procedure. The consistency of the permeability values measured using both the test benches demonstrated the reliability of the proposed approach. A further validation of the PTB's measurement reliability was provided by the agreement between the measured permeability values of the PS scaffolds and the theory-based predicted permeability value. Once validated the proposed PTB, the performed measurements allowed the investigation of the scaffolds' transport properties. Samples with the same structure (guaranteed by the fused-deposition modeling technique) were characterized by similar permeability values, and CS and RS scaffolds showed permeability values in agreement with the values reported in the literature for bovine trabecular bone. In conclusion, the developed PTB and the proposed testing protocol allow the characterization of the intrinsic permeability of porous scaffolds of different types and dimensions under controlled flow regimes, representing a powerful tool in view of providing a reliable and repeatable framework for characterizing and optimizing scaffolds for TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gabetti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Centro 3R, Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Masante
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Centro 3R, Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Schiavi
- Applied Metrology and Engineering Division, INRiM-National Institute of Metrological Research, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Israel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Centro 3R, Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanginario
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Audenino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Centro 3R, Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Centro 3R, Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
- Centro 3R, Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy.
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21
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Honerkamp-Smith AR. Forces and Flows at Cell Surfaces. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:331-340. [PMID: 37773346 PMCID: PMC10947748 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
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22
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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Zhong J, Shibata Y, Wu C, Watanabe C, Chen J, Zheng K, Hu J, Swain MV, Li Q. Functional non-uniformity of periodontal ligaments tunes mechanobiological stimuli across soft- and hard-tissue interfaces. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:240-249. [PMID: 37634832 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The bone-periodontal ligament-tooth (BPT) complex is a unique mechanosensing soft-/hard-tissue interface, which governs the most rapid bony homeostasis in the body responding to external loadings. While the correlation between such loading and alveolar bone remodelling has been widely recognised, it has remained challenging to investigate the transmitted mechanobiological stimuli across such embedded soft-/hard-tissue interfaces of the BPT complex. Here, we propose a framework combining three distinct bioengineering techniques (i, ii, and iii below) to elucidate the innate functional non-uniformity of the PDL in tuning mechanical stimuli to the surrounding alveolar bone. The biphasic PDL mechanical properties measured via nanoindentation, namely the elastic moduli of fibres and ground substance at the sub-tissue level (i), were used as the input parameters in an image-based constitutive modelling framework for finite element simulation (ii). In tandem with U-net deep learning, the Gaussian mixture method enabled the comparison of 5195 possible pseudo-microstructures versus the innate non-uniformity of the PDL (iii). We found that the balance between hydrostatic pressure in PDL and the strain energy in the alveolar bone was maintained within a specific physiological range. The innate PDL microstructure ensures the transduction of favourable mechanobiological stimuli, thereby governing alveolar bone homeostasis. Our outcomes expand current knowledge of the PDL's mechanobiological roles and the proposed framework can be adopted to a broad range of similar soft-/hard- tissue interfaces, which may impact future tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and evaluating therapeutic strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A combination of cutting-edge technologies, including dynamic nanomechanical testing, high-resolution image-based modelling and machine learning facilitated computing, was used to elucidate the association between the microstructural non-uniformity and biomechanical competence of periodontal ligaments (PDLs). The innate PDL fibre network regulates mechanobiological stimuli, which govern alveolar bone remodelling, in different tissues across the bone-PDL-tooth (BPT) interfaces. These mechanobiological stimuli within the BPT are tuned within a physiological range by the non-uniform microstructure of PDLs, ensuring functional tissue homeostasis. The proposed framework in this study is also applicable for investigating the structure-function relationship in broader types of fibrous soft-/hard- tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhong
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yo Shibata
- Department of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Wu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Department of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junning Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Keke Zheng
- Institute for Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jingrui Hu
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael V Swain
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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24
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de Wildt BWM, Cuypers LAB, Cramer EEA, Wentzel AS, Ito K, Hofmann S. The Impact of Culture Variables on a 3D Human In Vitro Bone Remodeling Model: A Design of Experiments Approach. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301205. [PMID: 37405830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Human in vitro bone remodeling models, using osteoclast-osteoblast cocultures, can facilitate the investigation of human bone remodeling while reducing the need for animal experiments. Although current in vitro osteoclast-osteoblast cocultures have improved the understanding of bone remodeling, it is still unknown which culture conditions support both cell types. Therefore, in vitro bone remodeling models can benefit from a thorough evaluation of the impact of culture variables on bone turnover outcomes, with the aim to reach balanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity, mimicking healthy bone remodeling. Using a resolution III fractional factorial design, the main effects of commonly used culture variables on bone turnover markers in an in vitro human bone remodeling model are identified. This model is able to capture physiological quantitative resorption-formation coupling along all conditions. Culture conditions of two runs show promising results: conditions of one run can be used as a high bone turnover system and conditions of another run as a self-regulating system as the addition of osteoclastic and osteogenic differentiation factors is not required for remodeling. The results generated with this in vitro model allow for better translation between in vitro studies and in vivo studies, toward improved preclinical bone remodeling drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W M de Wildt
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Lizzy A B Cuypers
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E A Cramer
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Annelieke S Wentzel
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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25
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Wang Y, Dong H, Yan Y, Yu J, Wu X, Wang Y, Xue Y, Wang X, Wei X, Li P, Chen W. Biomechanical analysis of a lacunar-canalicular system under different cyclic displacement loading. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:1806-1821. [PMID: 36377250 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2145889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to use the finite element (FE) method to predict the mechanical signals (interstitial fluid velocity, strain, pore pressure, and pore fluid velocity) produced by osteocyte during physiological activities. The model predicts that the amplitude and distribution of the mechanical signals are mainly affected by the loading rate. The magnitude of mechanical signals in the lacunar-canalicular system increases as the amplitude, frequency and amount of direction of load increase. Collagen hillocks can effectively amplify strain signals at the process. The established model can be used for studying the mechanism of bone mechanotransduction at the micro-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Yan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhao Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Repair of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanru Xue
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Repair of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Repair of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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26
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Nile M, Folwaczny M, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U, Janjic Rankovic M. Fluid flow shear stress and tissue remodeling-an orthodontic perspective: evidence synthesis and differential gene expression network analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1256825. [PMID: 37795174 PMCID: PMC10545883 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1256825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to identify and analyze in vitro studies investigating the biological effect of fluid-flow shear stress (FSS) on cells found in the periodontal ligament and bone tissue. Method: We followed the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews. A PubMed search strategy was developed, studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed. Relevant data related to cell source, applied FSS, and locus-specific expression were extracted. Based on this evidence synthesis and, as an original part of this work, analysis of differential gene expression using over-representation and network-analysis was performed. Five relevant publicly available gene expression datasets were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Result: A total of 6,974 articles were identified. Titles and abstracts were screened, and 218 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Finally, 120 articles were included in this study. Sample size determination and statistical analysis related to methodological quality and the ethical statement item in reporting quality were most frequently identified as high risk of bias. The analyzed studies mostly used custom-made fluid-flow apparatuses (61.7%). FSS was most frequently applied for 0.5 h, 1 h, or 2 h, whereas FSS magnitudes ranged from 6 to 20 dyn/cm2 depending on cell type and flow profile. Fluid-flow frequencies of 1 Hz in human cells and 1 and 5 Hz in mouse cells were mostly applied. FSS upregulated genes/metabolites responsible for tissue formation (AKT1, alkaline phosphatase, BGLAP, BMP2, Ca2+, COL1A1, CTNNB1, GJA1, MAPK1/MAPK3, PDPN, RUNX2, SPP1, TNFRSF11B, VEGFA, WNT3A) and inflammation (nitric oxide, PGE-2, PGI-2, PTGS1, PTGS2). Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed and analyzed using over-representation analysis and GSEA to identify shared signaling pathways. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first review giving a comprehensive overview and discussion of methodological technical details regarding fluid flow application in 2D cell culture in vitro experimental conditions. Therefore, it is not only providing valuable information about cellular molecular events and their quantitative and qualitative analysis, but also confirming the reproducibility of previously published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nile
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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27
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Lázár I, Čelko L, Menelaou M. Aerogel-Based Materials in Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering-A Review with Future Implications. Gels 2023; 9:746. [PMID: 37754427 PMCID: PMC10530393 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are fascinating solid materials known for their highly porous nanostructure and exceptional physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. They show great promise in various technological and biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, and bone and cartilage substitution. To evaluate the bioactivity of bone substitutes, researchers typically conduct in vitro tests using simulated body fluids and specific cell lines, while in vivo testing involves the study of materials in different animal species. In this context, our primary focus is to investigate the applications of different types of aerogels, considering their specific materials, microstructure, and porosity in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering. From clinically approved materials to experimental aerogels, we present a comprehensive list and summary of various aerogel building blocks and their biological activities. Additionally, we explore how the complexity of aerogel scaffolds influences their in vivo performance, ranging from simple single-component or hybrid aerogels to more intricate and organized structures. We also discuss commonly used formulation and drying methods in aerogel chemistry, including molding, freeze casting, supercritical foaming, freeze drying, subcritical, and supercritical drying techniques. These techniques play a crucial role in shaping aerogels for specific applications. Alongside the progress made, we acknowledge the challenges ahead and assess the near and far future of aerogel-based hard tissue engineering materials, as well as their potential connection with emerging healing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Lázár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ladislav Čelko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Melita Menelaou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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28
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Juste-Lanas Y, Hervas-Raluy S, García-Aznar JM, González-Loyola A. Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031501. [PMID: 37547671 PMCID: PMC10404142 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Research Institute of Aragón (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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29
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Grenier J, David B, Journé C, Cicha I, Letourneur D, Duval H. Perfusion of MC3T3E1 Preosteoblast Spheroids within Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds: An Experimental and Numerical Study at the Bioreactor Scale. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:849. [PMID: 37508876 PMCID: PMC10376891 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional 3D culture systems in vitro lack the biological and mechanical spatiotemporal stimuli characteristic to native tissue development. In our study, we combined porous polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds with a bioreactor-type perfusion device that generates favorable mechanical stresses while enhancing nutrient transfers. MC3T3E1 mouse osteoblasts were seeded in the scaffolds and cultivated for 3 weeks under dynamic conditions at a perfusion rate of 10 mL min-1. The spatial distribution of the cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was visualized by MRI. Confocal microscopy was used to assess cell numbers, their distribution inside the scaffolds, cell viability, and proliferation. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel was measured experimentally. Numerical simulations of the flow and oxygen transport within the bioreactor were performed using a lattice Boltzmann method with a two-relaxation time scheme. Last, the influence of cell density and spheroid size on cell oxygenation was investigated. The cells spontaneously organized into spheroids with a diameter of 30-100 μm. Cell viability remained unchanged under dynamic conditions but decreased under static culture. The cell proliferation (Ki67 expression) in spheroids was not observed. The flow simulation showed that the local fluid velocity reached 27 mm s-1 at the height where the cross-sectional area of the flow was the smallest. The shear stress exerted by the fluid on the scaffolds may locally rise to 100 mPa, compared with the average value of 25 mPa. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel was 1.6×10-9 m2 s-1. The simulation of oxygen transport and consumption confirmed that the cells in spheroids did not suffer from hypoxia when the bioreactor was perfused at 10 mL min-1, and suggested the existence of optimal spheroid size and spacing for appropriate oxygenation. Collectively, these findings enabled us to define the optimal conditions inside the bioreactor for an efficient in vitro cell organization and survival in spheroids, which are paramount to future applications with organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Grenier
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS), INSERM U 1148, Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand David
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clément Journé
- Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS), INSERM U 1148, Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology und Nanomedicine (SEON), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS), INSERM U 1148, Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Duval
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Abstract
Gravity is a fundamental interaction that permeates throughout our Universe. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and has been a constant presence throughout terrestrial biological evolution. Thus, gravity has shaped all biological functions, some examples include the growth of plants (e.g., gravitropism), the structure and morphology of biological parts in multicellular organisms, to its effects on our physiological function when humans travel into space. Moreover, from an evolutionary perspective, gravity has been a constant force on biology, and life, to our understanding, should have no reason to not experience the effects of gravity. Interestingly, there appear to be specific biological mechanisms that activate in the absence of gravity, with the space environment the only location to study the effects of a lack of gravity on biological systems. Thus, in this perspective piece, biological adaptations from the cellular to the whole organism levels to the presence and absence of gravity will be organized and described, as well as outlining future areas of research for gravitational biological investigations to address. Up to now, we have observed and shown how gravity effects biology at different levels, with a few examples including genetic (e.g., cell cycle, metabolism, signal transduction associated pathways, etc.), biochemically (e.g., cytoskeleton, NADPH oxidase, Yes-associated protein, etc.), and functionally (e.g., astronauts experiencing musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deconditioning, immune dysfunction, etc., when traveling into space). Based from these observations, there appear to be gravity-sensitive and specific pathways across biological organisms, though knowledge gaps of the effects of gravity on biology remain, such as similarities and differences across species, reproduction, development, and evolutionary adaptations, sex-differences, etc. Thus, here an overview of the literature is provided for context of gravitational biology research to-date and consideration for future studies, as we prepare for long-term occupation of low-Earth Orbit and cis-Lunar space, and missions to the Moon and Mars, experiencing the effects of Lunar and Martian gravity on biology, respectively, through our Artemis program.
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31
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Miller EJ, Phan MD, Shah J, Honerkamp-Smith AR. Passive and reversible area regulation of supported lipid bilayers in response to fluid flow. Biophys J 2023; 122:2242-2255. [PMID: 36639867 PMCID: PMC10257118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological and model membranes are frequently subjected to fluid shear stress. However, membrane mechanical responses to flow remain incompletely described. This is particularly true of membranes supported on a solid substrate, and the influences of membrane composition and substrate roughness on membrane flow responses remain poorly understood. Here, we combine microfluidics, fluorescence microscopy, and neutron reflectivity to explore how supported lipid bilayer patches respond to controlled shear stress. We demonstrate that lipid membranes undergo a significant, passive, and partially reversible increase in membrane area due to flow. We show that these fluctuations in membrane area can be constrained, but not prevented, by increasing substrate roughness. Similar flow-induced changes to membrane structure may contribute to the ability of living cells to sense and respond to flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh D Phan
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Center for Neutron Science, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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32
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Fu W, Im YG, Kim B, Kim OS, Yang Y, Song J, Liu D, Zhu S, Kang JS, Kim O. 625 nm Light Irradiation Prevented MC3T3-E1 Cells from Accumulation of Misfolded Proteins via ROS and ATP Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119257. [PMID: 37298212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts must acquire a considerable capacity for folding unfolded and misfolded proteins (MPs) to produce large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and maintain bone homeostasis. MP accumulation contributes to cellular apoptosis and bone disorders. Photobiomodulation therapy has been used to treat bone diseases, but the effects of decreasing MPs with photobiomodulation remain unclear. In this study, we explored the efficacy of 625 nm light-emitting diode irradiation (LEDI) to reduce MPs in tunicamycin (TM) induced-MC3T3-E1 cells. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chaperone, is used to evaluate the capacity of folding MPs. The results revealed that pretreatment with 625 nm LEDI (Pre-IR) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to the increased chaperone BiP through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/X-box binding protein 1s (XBP-1s) pathway, and then restoration of collagen type I (COL-I) and osteopontin (OPN) expression relieving cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the translocation of BiP into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen might be followed by a high level of ATP production. Taken together, these results suggest that Pre-IR could be beneficial to prevent MP accumulation through ROS and ATP in TM-induced MC3T3-E1cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Fu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Gwan Im
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianan Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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33
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Wang YK, Weng HK, Mo FE. The regulation and functions of the matricellular CCN proteins induced by shear stress. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z. [PMID: 37191841 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is a frictional drag generated by the flow of fluid, such as blood or interstitial fluid, and plays a critical role in regulating cellular gene expression and functional phenotype. The matricellular CCN family proteins are dynamically regulated by shear stress of different flow patterns, and their expression significantly alters the microenvironment of cells. Secreted CCN proteins mainly bind to several cell surface integrin receptors to mediate their diverse functions in regulating cell survival, function, and behavior. Gene-knockout studies indicate major functions of CCN proteins in the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, the two primary systems in which CCN expressions are regulated by shear stress. In the cardiovascular system, the endothelium is directly exposed to vascular shear stress. Unidirectional laminar blood flow generates laminar shear stress, which promotes a mature endothelial phenotype and upregulates anti-inflammatory CCN3 expression. In contrast, disturbed flow generates oscillatory shear stress, which induces endothelial dysfunction through the induction of CCN1 and CCN2. Shear-induced CCN1 binds to integrin α6β1 and promotes superoxide production, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Although the interaction between shear stress and CCN4-6 is not clear, CCN 4 exhibits a proinflammatory property and CCN5 inhibits vascular cell growth and migration. The crucial roles of CCN proteins in cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease are evident but not fully understood. In the skeletal system, mechanical loading on bone generates shear stress from interstitial fluid in the lacuna-canalicular system and promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. CCN1 and CCN2 are induced and potentially mediate fluid shear stress mechanosensing in osteocytes. However, the exact roles of interstitial shear stress-induced CCN1 and CCN2 in bone are still not clear. In contrast to other CCN family proteins, CCN3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation, although its regulation by interstitial shear stress in osteocytes has not been reported. The induction of CCN proteins by shear stress in bone and their functions remain largely unknown and merit further investigation. This review discusses the expression and functions of CCN proteins regulated by shear stress in physiological conditions, diseases, and cell culture models. The roles between CCN family proteins can be compensatory or counteractive in tissue remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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34
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Kim MK, Paek K, Woo SM, Kim JA. Bone-on-a-Chip: Biomimetic Models Based on Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37183366 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing importance of preclinical evaluation of newly developed drugs or treatments, in vitro organ or disease models are necessary. Although various organ-specific on-chip (organ-on-a-chip, or OOC) systems have been developed as emerging in vitro models, bone-on-a-chip (BOC) systems that recapitulate the bone microenvironment have been less developed or reviewed compared with other OOCs. The bone is one of the most dynamic organs and undergoes continuous remodeling throughout its lifetime. The aging population is growing worldwide, and healthcare costs are rising rapidly. Since in vitro BOC models that recapitulate native bone niches and pathological features can be important for studying the underlying mechanism of orthopedic diseases and predicting drug responses in preclinical trials instead of in animals, the development of biomimetic BOCs with high efficiency and fidelity will be accelerated further. Here, we review recently engineered BOCs developed using various microfluidic technologies and investigate their use to model the bone microenvironment. We have also explored various biomimetic strategies based on biological, geometrical, and biomechanical cues for biomedical applications of BOCs. Finally, we addressed the limitations and challenging issues of current BOCs that should be overcome to obtain more acceptable BOCs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyeong Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyurim Paek
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Woo
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
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35
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de Wildt BWM, Zhao F, Lauwers I, van Rietbergen B, Ito K, Hofmann S. Characterization of three-dimensional bone-like tissue growth and organization under influence of directional fluid flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37148472 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition in the field of bone tissue engineering from bone regeneration to in vitro models has come with the challenge of recreating a dense and anisotropic bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the mechanism by which bone ECM gains its structure is not fully understood, mechanical loading and curvature have been identified as potential contributors. Here, guided by computational simulations, we evaluated cell and bone-like tissue growth and organization in a concave channel with and without directional fluid flow stimulation. Human mesenchymal stromal cells were seeded on donut-shaped silk fibroin scaffolds and osteogenically stimulated for 42 days statically or in a flow perfusion bioreactor. After 14, 28, and 42 days, constructs were investigated for cell and tissue growth and organization. As a result, directional fluid flow was able to improve organic tissue growth but not organization. Cells tended to orient in the tangential direction of the channel, possibly attributed to its curvature. Based on our results, we suggest that organic ECM production but not anisotropy can be stimulated through the application of fluid flow. With this study, an initial attempt in three-dimensions was made to improve the resemblance of in vitro produced bone-like ECM to the physiological bone ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W M de Wildt
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Iris Lauwers
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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36
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Ratajczak AM, Sasidharan S, Rivera Gonzalez XI, Miller EJ, Socrier L, Anthony AA, Honerkamp-Smith AR. Measuring flow-mediated protein drift across stationary supported lipid bilayers. Biophys J 2023; 122:1720-1731. [PMID: 37020419 PMCID: PMC10183372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid flow near biological membranes influences cell functions such as development, motility, and environmental sensing. Flow can laterally transport extracellular membrane proteins located at the cell-fluid interface. To determine whether this transport contributes to flow signaling in cells, quantitative knowledge of the forces acting on membrane proteins is required. Here, we demonstrate a method for measuring flow-mediated lateral transport of lipid-anchored proteins. We rupture giant unilamellar vesicles to form discrete patches of supported membrane inside rectangular microchannels and then allow proteins to bind to the upper surface of the membrane. While applying flow, we observe the formation of protein concentration gradients that span the membrane patch. By observing how these gradients dynamically respond to changes in applied shear stress, we determine the flow mobility of the lipid-anchored protein. We use simplified model membranes and proteins to demonstrate our method's sensitivity and reproducibility. Our intention was to design a quantitative, reliable method and analysis for protein mobility that we will use to compare flow transport for a variety of proteins, lipid anchors, and membranes in model systems and on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ethan J Miller
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Larissa Socrier
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Autumn A Anthony
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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37
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Thompson W, Papoutsakis ET. The role of biomechanical stress in extracellular vesicle formation, composition and activity. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108158. [PMID: 37105240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cornerstones of intercellular communication with exciting fundamental, clinical, and more broadly biotechnological applications. However, variability in EV composition, which results from the culture conditions used to generate the EVs, poses significant fundamental and applied challenges and a hurdle for scalable bioprocessing. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between EV production (and for clinical applications, manufacturing) and EV composition is increasingly recognized as important and necessary. While chemical stimulation and culture conditions such as cell density are known to influence EV biology, the impact of biomechanical forces on the generation, properties, and biological activity of EVs remains poorly understood. Given the omnipresence of these forces in EV preparation and in biomanufacturing, expanding the understanding of their impact on EV composition-and thus, activity-is vital. Although several publications have examined EV preparation and bioprocessing and briefly discussed biomechanical stresses as variables of interest, this review represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the impact of such stresses on EV production, composition and biological activity. We review how EV biogenesis, cargo, efficacy, and uptake are uniquely affected by various types, magnitudes, and durations of biomechanical forces, identifying trends that emerge both generically and for individual cell types. We also describe implications for scalable bioprocessing, evaluating processes inherent in common EV production and isolation methods, and propose a path forward for rigorous EV quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Eleftherios Terry Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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38
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Lamouline A, Bersini S, Moretti M. In vitro models of breast cancer bone metastasis: analyzing drug resistance through the lens of the microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135401. [PMID: 37182144 PMCID: PMC10168004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though breast cancers usually have a good outcome compared to other tumors, the cancer can progress and create metastases in different parts of the organism, the bone being a predilection locus. These metastases are usually the cause of death, as they are mostly resistant to treatments. This resistance can be caused by intrinsic properties of the tumor, such as its heterogeneity, but it can also be due to the protective role of the microenvironment. By activating signaling pathways protecting cancer cells when exposed to chemotherapy, contributing to their ability to reach dormancy, or even reducing the amount of drug able to reach the metastases, among other mechanisms, the specificities of the bone tissue are being investigated as important players of drug resistance. To this date, most mechanisms of this resistance are yet to be discovered, and many researchers are implementing in vitro models to study the interaction between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we will review what is known about breast cancer drug resistance in bone metastasis due to the microenvironment and we will use those observations to highlight which features in vitro models should include to properly recapitulate these biological aspects in vitro. We will also detail which elements advanced in vitro models should implement in order to better recapitulate in vivo physiopathology and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Lamouline
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Bersini
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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39
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Melo-Fonseca F, Carvalho O, Gasik M, Miranda G, Silva FS. Mechanical stimulation devices for mechanobiology studies: a market, literature, and patents review. Biodes Manuf 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-023-00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSignificant advancements in various research and technological fields have contributed to remarkable findings on the physiological dynamics of the human body. To more closely mimic the complex physiological environment, research has moved from two-dimensional (2D) culture systems to more sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) dynamic cultures. Unlike bioreactors or microfluidic-based culture models, cells are typically seeded on polymeric substrates or incorporated into 3D constructs which are mechanically stimulated to investigate cell response to mechanical stresses, such as tensile or compressive. This review focuses on the working principles of mechanical stimulation devices currently available on the market or custom-built by research groups or protected by patents and highlights the main features still open to improvement. These are the features which could be focused on to perform, in the future, more reliable and accurate mechanobiology studies.
Graphic abstract
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40
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Peng L, Wu F, Cao M, Li M, Cui J, Liu L, Zhao Y, Yang J. Effects of different physical factors on osteogenic differentiation. Biochimie 2023; 207:62-74. [PMID: 36336107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are essential for bone formation and can perceive external mechanical stimuli, which are translated into biochemical responses that ultimately alter cell phenotypes and respond to environmental stimuli, described as mechanical transduction. These cells actively participate in osteogenesis and the formation and mineralisation of the extracellular bone matrix. This review summarises the basic physiological and biological mechanisms of five different physical stimuli, i.e. light, electricity, magnetism, force and sound, to induce osteogenesis; further, it summarises the effects of changing culture conditions on the morphology, structure and function of osteoblasts. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for further studies on bone physiology and pathology at the cytological level and will be useful in the clinical application of bone formation and bone regeneration technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jingyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Lijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
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41
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Cao Z, Yan Z, Wang J, Yang H, Han B, Gao J, Guo Y. Conditioned medium of PC‑3 prostate cancer cells affects microRNA and mRNA profiles in mechanically strained osteoblasts. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:138. [PMID: 36845959 PMCID: PMC9947580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is the main site of metastasis from prostate cancer; therefore, it is important to investigate the microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNA associated with bone metastases from prostate cancer. Since an appropriate mechanical environment is important in the growth of bone, in the present study, the miRNA, mRNA, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) profiles of mechanically strained osteoblasts treated with conditioned medium (CM) from PC-3 prostate cancer cells were studied. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were treated with the CM of PC-3 prostate cancer cells and were simultaneously stimulated with a mechanical tensile strain of 2,500 µε at 0.5 Hz; the osteoblastic differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cells was then assessed. In addition, the differential expression levels of mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with the CM of PC-3 cells were screened, and some of the miRNAs and mRNAs were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The signal molecules and signaling pathways associated with osteogenic differentiation were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The CM of PC-3 prostate cancer cells suppressed osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. A total of seven upregulated miRNAs and 12 downregulated miRNAs were selected by sequencing and further verified using RT-qPCR, and related differentially expressed genes (11 upregulated and 12 downregulated genes) were also selected by sequencing and further verified using RT-qPCR; subsequently, according to the enrichment of differentially expressed genes in signaling pathways, nine signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation were screened out. Furthermore, a functional mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network was constructed. The differentially expressed miRNAs, mRNAs and lncRNAs may provide a novel signature in bone metastases of prostate cancer. Notably, some of the signaling pathways and related genes may be associated with pathological osteogenic differentiation caused by bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
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van Santen VJB, Jin J, Hogervorst JMA, Bakker AD. Shear loaded osteocyte-like-cells affect epithelial and mesenchymal gene expression in DU145 prostate cancer cells, while decreasing their invasion in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 646:70-77. [PMID: 36706708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Once prostate cancer (PC) metastasizes towards bone the 5-year survival rates drop with 70%, but it is largely unknown why. Bone is continuously mechanically loaded, which likely modulates the paracrine signaling from osteocytes towards PC cells to affect tumor behavior. We hypothesize that shear loaded osteocytes affect PC cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial and mesenchymal-related gene and protein expression. We cultured human DU145 cells, a commonly used cell line for prostate cancer metastases, in the conditioned medium (CM) from shear loaded or unloaded human osteocyte-like-cells (OCYLCs) for 1 and 3 days and assessed their number by staining nuclei with DAPI, their invasion by performing an invasion assay, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-related gene and protein expression by qPCR and immunocytochemistry. CM of shear loaded OCYLCs did not affect DU145 cell number compared to CM of static cultured OCYLCs, but decreased their invasion 1.34-fold. CM of shear loaded OCYLCs enhanced expression of epithelial genes: SYND1 and CDH1 after day 1, while it also enhanced CDH1 after day 3. CM of shear loaded osteocytes enhanced mesenchymal genes: VMN, Snail and MIP2 after day 1, while it decreased expression of mesenchymal CYR61 after day 3. We conclude that CM of shear loaded OCYLCs does not affect DU145 cell proliferation, but decreases their invasion, and differentially affects their EMT-related gene expression. Identifying paracrine signals from shear loaded osteocytes that decrease PC cell invasion may provide novel leads in developing treatments for bone metastases from PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J B van Santen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Connection between Osteoarthritis and Nitric Oxide: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Target. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041683. [PMID: 36838671 PMCID: PMC9959782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a disabling joint inflammatory disease, is characterized by the progressive destruction of cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and chronic synovitis. Due to the prolongation of the human lifespan, OA has become a serious public health problem that deserves wide attention. The development of OA is related to numerous factors. Among the factors, nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in mediating this process. NO is a small gaseous molecule that is widely distributed in the human body, and its synthesis is dependent on NO synthase (NOS). NO plays an important role in various physiological processes such as the regulation of blood volume and nerve conduction. Notably, NO acts as a double-edged sword in inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that NO and its redox derivatives might be closely related to both normal and pathophysiological joint conditions. They can play vital roles as normal bone cell-conditioning agents for osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Moreover, they can also induce cartilage catabolism and cell apoptosis. Based on different conditions, the NO/NOS system can act as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory agent for OA. This review summarizes the studies related to the effects of NO on all normal and OA joints as well as the possible new treatment strategies targeting the NO/NOS system.
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44
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Gebreyesus EA, Park A, Guldberg RE, Ong KG. In vitromagnetohydrodynamics system for modulating cell migration. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9. [PMID: 36716480 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acb711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress (FSS) is an important parameter that regulates various cell functions such as proliferation and migration. While there are a number of techniques to generate FSSin vitro, many of them require physical deformation or movement of solid objects to generate the fluid shear, making it difficult to decouple the effects of FSS and mechanical strains. This work describes the development of a non-mechanical means to generate fluid flow and FSS in a 2Din vitrosetting. This was accomplished with a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump, which creates liquid flow by generating a Lorentz force through the interaction between an electric field and an orthogonal magnetic field. The MHD pump system presented here consisted of trapezoidal prism-shaped magnets, a pair of platinum electrodes, and a modified petri dish. The system was validated and tested on anin vitrowound model, which is based on analyzing the migration of fibroblast cells through an artificially created scratch on a confluent cell culture surface. Experiments were performed to a control group, an electric field only group, and a group that was subject to fluid flow with the application of both electric field and magnetic field. Results show that fibroblast cells that experienced fluid shear have higher wound closure rate compared to the control group and the electric field only group. The data shows that the MHD pump can be a great tool to study FSSin vitro. Furthermore, due to its fluid flow generation without mechanical force, this system can be adapted and implemented to study the role of FSS and electric field on wound healingin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyerusalem A Gebreyesus
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
| | - Alice Park
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
| | - Keat Ghee Ong
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
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45
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d’Adamo A, Salerno E, Corda G, Ongaro C, Zardin B, Ruffini A, Orlandi G, Bertacchini J, Angeli D. Experimental measurements and CFD modelling of hydroxyapatite scaffolds in perfusion bioreactors for bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad002. [PMID: 36751469 PMCID: PMC9893872 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of bone tissue engineering, particular interest is devoted to the development of 3D cultures to study bone cell proliferation under conditions similar to in vivo ones, e.g. by artificially producing mechanical stresses promoting a biological response (mechanotransduction). Of particular relevance in this context are the effects generated by the flow shear stress, which governs the nutrients delivery rate to the growing cells and which can be controlled in perfusion reactors. However, the introduction of 3D scaffolds complicates the direct measurement of the generated shear stress on the adhered cells inside the matrix, thus jeopardizing the potential of using multi-dimensional matrices. In this study, an anisotropic hydroxyapatite-based set of scaffolds is considered as a 3D biomimetic support for bone cells deposition and growth. Measurements of sample-specific flow resistance are carried out using a perfusion system, accompanied by a visual characterization of the material structure. From the obtained results, a subset of three samples is reproduced using 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and the models are validated by virtually replicating the flow resistance measurement. Once a good agreement is found, the analysis of flow-induced shear stress on the inner B-HA structure is carried out based on simulation results. Finally, a statistical analysis leads to a simplified expression to correlate the flow resistance with the entity and extensions of wall shear stress inside the scaffold. The study applies CFD to overcome the limitations of experiments, allowing for an advancement in multi-dimensional cell cultures by elucidating the flow conditions in 3D reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Salerno
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca Applicata e i Servizi nella Meccanica Avanzata e nella Motoristica InterMech-MO.RE, Piazzale Europa, 1, Reggio Emilia RE 42124, Italy,Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corda
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Claudio Ongaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Barbara Zardin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca (IGM-CNR), Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Diego Angeli
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy
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Gehlen J, Qiu W, Schädli GN, Müller R, Qin XH. Tomographic volumetric bioprinting of heterocellular bone-like tissues in seconds. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:49-60. [PMID: 35718102 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic volumetric bioprinting (VBP) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for rapid solidification of cell-laden hydrogel constructs within seconds. However, its practical applications in tissue engineering requires a detailed understanding of how different printing parameters (concentration of resins, laser dose) affect cell activity and tissue formation. Herein, we explore a new application of VBP in bone tissue engineering by merging a soft gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioresin (<5 kPa) with 3D endothelial co-culture to generate heterocellular bone-like constructs with enhanced functionality. To this, a series of bioresins with varying concentrations of GelMA and lithium Phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator were formulated and characterized in terms of photo-reactivity, printability and cell-compatibility. A bioresin with 5% GelMA and 0.05% LAP was identified as the optimal formulation for VBP of complex perfusable constructs within 30 s at high cell viability (>90%). The fidelity was validated by micro-computed tomography and confocal microscopy. Compared to 10% GelMA, this bioresin provided a softer and more permissive environment for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The expression of osteoblastic markers (collagen-I, ALP, osteocalcin) and osteocytic markers (podoplanin, Dmp1) was monitored for 42 days. After 21 days, early osteocytic markers were significantly increased in 3D co-cultures of hMSCs with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, we demonstrate VBP of a perfusable, pre-vascularized model where HUVECs self-organized into an endothelium-lined channel. Altogether, this work leverages the benefits of VBP and 3D co-culture, offering a promising platform for fast scaled biofabrication of 3D bone-like tissues with unprecedented functionality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study explores new strategies for ultrafast bio-manufacturing of bone tissue models by leveraging the advantages of tomographic volumetric bioprinting (VBP) and endothelial co-culture. After screening the properties of a series of photocurable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioresins, a formulation with 5% GelMA was identified with optimal printability and permissiveness for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). We then established 3D endothelial co-cultures to test if the heterocellular interactions may enhance the osteogenic differentiation in the printed environments. This hypothesis was evidenced by increased gene expression of early osteocytic markers in 3D co-cultures after 21 days. Finally, VBP of a perfusable cell-laden tissue construct is demonstrated for future applications in vascularized tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Gehlen
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wanwan Qiu
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Nutal Schädli
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hua Qin
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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47
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Taheri S, Yoshida T, Böker KO, Foerster RH, Jochim L, Flux AL, Grosskopf B, Hawellek T, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. Changes of the subchondral bone microchannel network in early osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:49-59. [PMID: 36243309 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have identified a 3D network of subchondral microchannels that connects the deep zone of cartilage to the bone marrow (i.e., cartilage-bone marrow microchannel connectors; CMMC). However, the pathological significance of CMMC is largely unknown. Here, we quantitatively evaluated how the CMMC microarchitecture is related to cartilage condition, as well as regional differences in early idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Two groups of cadaveric female human femoral heads (intact cartilage vs early cartilage lesions) were identified, and a biopsy-based high-resolution micro-CT imaging was employed. Subchondral bone (SB) thickness, CMMC number, maximum and minimum CMMC size, and the CMMC morphology were quantified and compared between the two groups. The effect of joint's region and cartilage condition was examined on each dependent variable. RESULTS The CMMC number and morphology were affected by region of the joint, but not by cartilage condition. On the other hand, the minimum and maximum CMMC size was changed by both the location on the joint, as well as the cartilage condition. The smallest CMMC were consistently detected at the load-bearing region (LBR) of the joint. Compared to non-pathological subjects, the size of the microchannels was enlarged in early OA, most noticeably at the non-load-bearing region (NLBR) and the peripheral rim (PR) of the femoral head. Furthermore, subchondral bone thinning was observed in early OA as a localized occurrence linked with areas of partial chondral defect. CONCLUSION Our data point to an enlargement of the SB microchannel network, and a collective structural deterioration of SB in early idiopathic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taheri
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - T Yoshida
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R H Foerster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Jochim
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A L Flux
- University of Göttingen Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology & Anthropology, Department of Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Grosskopf
- University of Göttingen Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology & Anthropology, Department of Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Hawellek
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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48
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Wang G, Yuan Z, Yu L, Yu Y, Zhou P, Chu G, Wang H, Guo Q, Zhu C, Han F, Chen S, Li B. Mechanically conditioned cell sheets cultured on thermo-responsive surfaces promote bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:27-40. [PMID: 37206307 PMCID: PMC10189809 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheet-based scaffold-free technology holds promise for tissue engineering applications and has been extensively explored during the past decades. However, efficient harvest and handling of cell sheets remain challenging, including insufficient extracellular matrix content and poor mechanical strength. Mechanical loading has been widely used to enhance extracellular matrix production in a variety of cell types. However, currently, there are no effective ways to apply mechanical loading to cell sheets. In this study, we prepared thermo-responsive elastomer substrates by grafting poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces. The effect of PNIPAAm grafting yields on cell behaviours was investigated to optimize surfaces suitable for cell sheet culturing and harvesting. Subsequently, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the PDMS-g-PNIPAAm substrates under mechanical stimulation by cyclically stretching the substrates. Upon maturation, the cell sheets were harvested by lowering the temperature. We found that the extracellular matrix content and thickness of cell sheet were markedly elevated upon appropriate mechanical conditioning. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses further confirmed that the expression of osteogenic-specific genes and major matrix components were up-regulated. After implantation into the critical-sized calvarial defects of mice, the mechanically conditioned cell sheets significantly promoted new bone formation. Findings from this study reveal that thermo-responsive elastomer, together with mechanical conditioning, can potentially be applied to prepare high-quality cell sheets for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Song Chen
- Corresponding authors: Bin Li, ; Song Chen,
| | - Bin Li
- Corresponding authors: Bin Li, ; Song Chen,
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49
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Kohli N, Theodoridis K, Hall TAG, Sanz-Pena I, Gaboriau DCA, van Arkel RJ. Bioreactor analyses of tissue ingrowth, ongrowth and remodelling around implants: An alternative to live animal testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1054391. [PMID: 36890911 PMCID: PMC9986429 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1054391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Preclinical assessment of bone remodelling onto, into or around novel implant technologies is underpinned by a large live animal testing burden. The aim of this study was to explore whether a lab-based bioreactor model could provide similar insight. Method: Twelve ex vivo trabecular bone cylinders were extracted from porcine femora and were implanted with additively manufactured stochastic porous titanium implants. Half were cultured dynamically, in a bioreactor with continuous fluid flow and daily cyclic loading, and half in static well plates. Tissue ongrowth, ingrowth and remodelling around the implants were evaluated with imaging and mechanical testing. Results: For both culture conditions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed bone ongrowth; widefield, backscatter SEM, micro computed tomography scanning, and histology revealed mineralisation inside the implant pores; and histology revealed woven bone formation and bone resorption around the implant. The imaging evidence of this tissue ongrowth, ingrowth and remodelling around the implant was greater for the dynamically cultured samples, and the mechanical testing revealed that the dynamically cultured samples had approximately three times greater push-through fixation strength (p < 0.05). Discussion: Ex vivo bone models enable the analysis of tissue remodelling onto, into and around porous implants in the lab. While static culture conditions exhibited some characteristics of bony adaptation to implantation, simulating physiological conditions with a bioreactor led to an accelerated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Kohli
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A G Hall
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inigo Sanz-Pena
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C A Gaboriau
- FILM, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J van Arkel
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Shen N, Maggio M, Woods I, C. Lowry M, Almasri R, Gorgun C, Eichholz K, Stavenschi E, Hokamp K, Roche F, O’Driscoll L, Hoey D. Mechanically activated mesenchymal-derived bone cells drive vessel formation via an extracellular vesicle mediated mechanism. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231186918. [PMID: 37654438 PMCID: PMC10467237 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel formation is an important initial step for bone formation during development as well as during remodelling and repair in the adult skeleton. This results in a heavily vascularized tissue where endothelial cells and skeletal cells are constantly in crosstalk to facilitate homeostasis, a process that is mediated by numerous environmental signals, including mechanical loading. Breakdown in this communication can lead to disease and/or poor fracture repair. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of mature bone cells in regulating angiogenesis, how this is influenced by a dynamic mechanical environment, and understand the mechanism by which this could occur. Herein, we demonstrate that both osteoblasts and osteocytes coordinate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and blood vessel formation via a mechanically dependent paracrine mechanism. Moreover, we identified that this process is mediated via the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as isolated EVs from mechanically stimulated bone cells elicited the same response as seen with the full secretome, while the EV-depleted secretome did not elicit any effect. Despite mechanically activated bone cell-derived EVs (MA-EVs) driving a similar response to VEGF treatment, MA-EVs contain minimal quantities of this angiogenic factor. Lastly, a miRNA screen identified mechanoresponsive miRNAs packaged within MA-EVs which are linked with angiogenesis. Taken together, this study has highlighted an important mechanism in osteogenic-angiogenic coupling in bone and has identified the mechanically activated bone cell-derived EVs as a therapeutic to promote angiogenesis and potentially bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shen
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. Maggio
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I. Woods
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. C. Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R. Almasri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Gorgun
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K.F. Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E. Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K. Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.M. Roche
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L. O’Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D.A. Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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