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Carriero VC, Di Muzio L, Petralito S, Casadei MA, Paolicelli P. Cryogel Scaffolds for Tissue-Engineering: Advances and Challenges for Effective Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2023; 9:979. [PMID: 38131965 PMCID: PMC10742915 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects and articular cartilage injuries resulting from trauma, osteonecrosis, or age-related degeneration can be often non-healed by physiological repairing mechanisms, thus representing a relevant clinical issue due to a high epidemiological incidence rate. Novel tissue-engineering approaches have been proposed as an alternative to common clinical practices. This cutting-edge technology is based on the combination of three fundamental components, generally referred to as the tissue-engineering triad: autologous or allogenic cells, growth-stimulating factors, and a scaffold. Three-dimensional polymer networks are frequently used as scaffolds to allow cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. In particular, cryogels give promising results for this purpose, thanks to their peculiar properties. Cryogels are indeed characterized by an interconnected porous structure and a typical sponge-like behavior, which facilitate cellular infiltration and ingrowth. Their composition and the fabrication procedure can be appropriately tuned to obtain scaffolds that match the requirements of a specific tissue or organ to be regenerated. These features make cryogels interesting and promising scaffolds for the regeneration of different tissues, including those characterized by very complex mechanical and physical properties, such as bones and joints. In this review, state-of-the-art fabrication and employment of cryogels for supporting effective osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation to allow for the regeneration of functional tissues is reported. Current progress and challenges for the implementation of this technology in clinical practice are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrizia Paolicelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.P.); (M.A.C.)
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Mohammadalipour M, Behzad T, Karbasi S, Babaei Khorzoghi M, Mohammadalipour Z. Osteogenic potential of PHB-lignin/cellulose nanofiber electrospun scaffold as a novel bone regeneration construct. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126076. [PMID: 37532195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The electrospun scaffolds could mimic the highly hierarchical structure of extracellular matrix (ECM). Modern tissue engineering focuses on the properties of these microstructures, influencing the biological responses. This research investigates the variation of morphology, crystallinity, bioactivity, mechanical properties, contact angle, mass loss rate, roughness, cell behavior, biomineralization, and the efficacy of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based nanocomposite. Hence, 6 wt% lignin and 3 wt% cellulose nanofiber were added to the 9 wt% of PHB to prepare a novel electrospun nanocomposite structure (PLC). The outputs indicated more symmetrical circular fibers for PLC mat, higher surface roughness (326 to 389 nm), better hydrophilicity (120 to 60°), smaller crystal size (24 to 16 nm), and more reasonable biodegradability compared to PHB. These changes lead to the improvement of mechanical properties (toughness factor from 300 to 1100), cell behavior (viability from 60 to 100 %), bioactivity (from Ca/P ratio of 0.77 and 1.67), and higher level of alizarin red, and ALP enzyme secretion. Eventually, the osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase expression was also enhanced from ≃2.35 ± 0.15 and 2.1 ± 0.1 folds on the 1st day to ≃12.05 ± 0.35 and 7.95 ± 0.35 folds on 2nd week in PLCs. Accordingly, this newly developed structure could enhance biological responses and promote osteogenesis compared to PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayebeh Behzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Babaei Khorzoghi
- Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Center of Physical Education, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadalipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Zhu W, Wang R, Yang Z, Luo X, Yu B, Zhang J, Fu M. GC-MS based comparative metabolomic analysis of human cancellous bone reveals the critical role of linoleic acid metabolism in femur head necrosis. Metabolomics 2023; 19:86. [PMID: 37776501 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Femur head necrosis (FHN) is a challenging clinical disease with unclear underlying mechanism, which pathologically is associated with disordered metabolism. However, the disordered metabolism in cancellous bone of FHN was never analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). OBJECTIVES To elucidate altered metabolism pathways in FHN and identify putative biomarkers for the detection of FHN. METHODS We recruited 26 patients with femur head necrosis and 22 patients with femur neck fracture in this study. Cancellous bone tissues from the femoral heads were collected after the surgery and were analyzed by GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics approach. The resulting data were analyzed via uni- and multivariate statistical approaches. The changed metabolites were used for the pathway analysis and potential biomarker identification. RESULTS Thirty-seven metabolites distinctly changed in FHN group were identified. Among them, 32 metabolites were upregulated and 5 were downregulated in FHN. The pathway analysis showed that linoleic acid metabolism were the most relevant to FHN pathology. On the basis of metabolites network, L-lysine, L-glutamine and L-serine were deemed as the junctions of the whole metabolites. Finally, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, inosine, L-proline and octadecanoic acid were considered as the potential biomarkers of FHN. CONCLUSION This study provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of FHN and confirms linoleic acid metabolism as the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Zhu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuming Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baoxi Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Ke Y, Wu J, Ye Y, Zhang X, Gu T, Wang Y, Jiang F, Yu J. Feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogel promotes bone regeneration by stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of endogenous stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125330. [PMID: 37307978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects caused by bone trauma, infection, surgery, or other systemic diseases remain a severe challenge for the medical field. To address this clinical problem, different hydrogels were exploited to promote bone tissue regrowth and regeneration. Keratins are natural fibrous proteins found in wool, hair, horns, nails, and feather. Due to their unique characteristics of outstanding biocompatibility, great biodegradability, and hydrophilic, keratins have been widely applicated in different fields. In our study, the feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels that consist of keratin hydrogels serving as the scaffold support to accommodate endogenous stem cells and montmorillonite is synthesized. The introduction of montmorillonite greatly improves the osteogenic effect of the keratin hydrogels via bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1/5/8 (p-SMAD 1/5/8)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression. Moreover, the incorporation of montmorillonite into hydrogels can improve the mechanical properties and bioactivity of the hydrogels. The morphology of feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to have an interconnected porous structure. The incorporation of montmorillonite into the keratin hydrogels was confirmed by the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). We prove that the feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, micro-CT and histological analysis of rat cranial bone defect demonstrated that feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels dramatically stimulated bone regeneration in vivo. Collectively, feather keratin-montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels can regulate BMP/SMAD signaling pathway to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of endogenous stem cells and promote bone defect healing, indicating their promising candidate in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Stomatology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Periodontology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingjie Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of General Dentistry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Costa AC, Alves PM, Monteiro FJ, Salgado C. Interactions between Dental MSCs and Biomimetic Composite Scaffold during Bone Remodeling Followed by In Vivo Real-Time Bioimaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031827. [PMID: 36768151 PMCID: PMC9915259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral-maxillofacial tumor removal can generate critical bone defects and major problems for patients, causing dysfunctionalities and affecting oral competencies such as mastication, swallowing, and breathing. The association of novel biomaterials and cell therapies in tissue engineering strategies could offer new strategies to promote osteomucosa healing. This study focused on the development of a bioengineered construct loaded with human dental follicle cells (MSCs). To increase the bioconstruct integration to the surrounding tissue, a novel and comprehensive approach was designed combining an injectable biomimetic hydrogel and dental stem cells (hDFMSCs) expressing luminescence/fluorescence for semi-quantitative tissue imaging in live animals. This in vivo model with human MSCs was based on an intramembranous bone regeneration process (IMO). Biologically, the biocomposite based on collagen/nanohydroxyapatite filled with cell-loaded osteopontin-fibrin hydrogel (Coll/nanoHA OPN-Fb) exhibited a high cellular proliferation rate, increased bone extracellular matrix deposition (osteopontin) and high ALP activity, indicating an early osteogenic differentiation. Thus, the presence of human OPN enhanced hDFMSC adhesion, migration, and spatial distribution within the 3D matrix. The developed 3D bioconstruct provided the necessary pro-regenerative effect to modulate the biological response, precisely fitting the bone defect with fine-tuned adjustment to the surrounding original structure and promoting oral osteomucosa tissue regeneration. We were also able to track the cells in vivo and evaluate their behavior (migration, proliferation, and differentiation), providing a glimpse into bone regeneration and helping in the optimization of patient-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mafalda Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Salgado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Ke Y, Ye Y, Wu J, Ma Y, Fang Y, Jiang F, Yu J. Phosphoserine-loaded chitosan membranes promote bone regeneration by activating endogenous stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1096532. [PMID: 37034248 PMCID: PMC10076862 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1096532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects that result from trauma, infection, surgery, or congenital malformation can severely affect the quality of life. To address this clinical problem, a phosphoserine-loaded chitosan membrane that consists of chitosan membranes serving as the scaffold support to accommodate endogenous stem cells and phosphoserine is synthesized. The introduction of phosphoserine greatly improves the osteogenic effect of the chitosan membranes via mutual crosslinking using a crosslinker (EDC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide). The morphology of PS-CS membranes was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to have an interconnected porous structure. The incorporation of phosphoserine into chitosan membranes was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. The CCK8 assay and Live/Dead staining, Hemolysis analysis, and cell adhesion assay demonstrated that PS-CS membranes had good biocompatibility. The osteogenesis-related gene expression of BMSCs was higher in PS-CS membranes than in CS membranes, which was verified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, immunofluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, micro-CT and histological analysis of rat cranial bone defect demonstrated that PS-CS membranes dramatically stimulated bone regeneration in vivo. Moreover, H&E staining of the main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, or kidney) showed no obvious histological abnormalities, revealing that PS-CS membranes were no additional systemic toxicity in vivo. Collectively, PS-CS membranes may be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Dentistry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Jiang, ; Jinhua Yu,
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University and Department of Endodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Jiang, ; Jinhua Yu,
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Bojan AJ, Stadelmann VA, Wu D, Pujari-Palmer M, Insley G, Sundh D, Persson C, Engqvist H, Procter P. A new bone adhesive candidate- does it work in human bone? An ex-vivo preclinical evaluation in fresh human osteoporotic femoral head bone. Injury 2022; 53:1858-1866. [PMID: 35469636 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fixation of small intraarticular bone fragments is clinically challenging and an obvious first orthopaedic indication for an effective bone adhesive. In the present study the feasibility of bonding freshly harvested human trabecular bone with OsSticR, a novel phosphoserine modified cement, was evaluated using a bone cylinder model pull-out test and compared with a commercial fibrin tissue adhesive. METHODS Femoral heads (n=13) were collected from hip fracture patients undergoing arthroplasty and stored refrigerated overnight in saline medium prior to testing. Cylindrical bone cores with a pre-inserted bone screw, were prepared using a coring tool. Each core was removed and glued back in place with either the bone adhesive (α-tricalcium phosphate, phosphoserine and 20% trisodium citrate solution) or the fibrin glue. All glued bones were stored in bone medium at 37°C. Tensile loading, using a universal testing machine (5 kN load cell), was applied to each core/head. For the bone adhesive, bone cores were tested at 2 (n=13) and 24 (n=11) hours. For the fibrin tissue adhesive control group (n=9), bone cores were tested exclusively at 2 hours. The femoral bone quality was evaluated with micro-CT. RESULTS The ultimate pull-out load for the bone adhesive at 2 hours ranged from 36 to 171 N (mean 94 N, SD 42 N). At 24 hours the pull-out strength was similar, 47 to 198 N (mean 123 N, SD 43 N). The adhesive failure usually occurred through the adhesive layer, however in two samples, at 167 N and 198 N the screw pulled out of the bone core. The fibrin tissue adhesive group reached a peak force of 8 N maximally at 2 hours (range 2.8-8 N, mean 5.4 N, SD 1.6 N). The mean BV/TV for femoral heads was 0.15 and indicates poor bone quality. CONCLUSION The bone adhesive successfully glued wet and fatty tissue of osteoporotic human bone cores. The mean ultimate pull-out force of 123 N at 24 hours corresponds to ∼ 300 kPa shear stress acting on the bone core. These first ex-vivo results in human bone are a promising step toward potential clinical application in osteochondral fragment fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja J Bojan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Vincent A Stadelmann
- Department of Teaching, Research, and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Gerard Insley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sundh
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Philip Procter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Zha K, Tian Y, Panayi AC, Mi B, Liu G. Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824812. [PMID: 35281084 PMCID: PMC8904963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone is an organ that displays potential for self-healing after damage, bone regeneration does not occur properly in some cases, and it is still a challenge to treat large bone defects. The development of bone tissue engineering provides a new approach to the treatment of bone defects. Among various cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising seed cells in bone tissue engineering due to their functions of osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulation, and secretion of cytokines. Regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has become an area of extensive research over the past few years. This review provides an overview of recent research progress on enhancement strategies for MSC osteogenesis, including improvement in methods of cell origin selection, culture conditions, biophysical stimulation, crosstalk with macrophages and endothelial cells, and scaffolds. This is favorable for further understanding MSC osteogenesis and the development of MSC-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Military Patient Management, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
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Graphene-Oxide Porous Biopolymer Hybrids Enhance In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation and Promote Ectopic Osteogenesis In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010491. [PMID: 35008918 PMCID: PMC8745160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, natural-based scaffolds have presented impressive results for bone tissue engineering (BTE) application. Further, outstanding interactions have been observed during the interaction of graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced biomaterials with both specific cell cultures and injured bone during in vivo experimental conditions. This research hereby addresses the potential of fish gelatin/chitosan (GCs) hybrids reinforced with GO to support in vitro osteogenic differentiation and, further, to investigate its behavior when implanted ectopically. Standard GCs formulation was referenced against genipin (Gp) crosslinked blend and 0.5 wt.% additivated GO composite (GCsGp/GO 0.5 wt.%). Pre-osteoblasts were put in contact with these composites and induced to differentiate in vitro towards mature osteoblasts for 28 days. Specific bone makers were investigated by qPCR and immunolabeling. Next, CD1 mice models were used to assess de novo osteogenic potential by ectopic implantation in the subcutaneous dorsum pocket of the animals. After 4 weeks, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and calcium deposits together with collagen synthesis were investigated by biochemical analysis and histology, respectively. Further, ex vivo materials were studied after surgery regarding biomineralization and morphological changes by means of qualitative and quantitative methods. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy underlined the newly fashioned material structuration by virtue of mineralized extracellular matrix. Specific bone markers determination stressed the osteogenic phenotype of the cells populating the material in vitro and successfully differentiated towards mature bone cells. In vivo results of specific histological staining assays highlighted collagen formation and calcium deposits, which were further validated by micro-CT. It was observed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% GO had an overall significant positive effect on both in vitro differentiation and in vivo bone cell recruitment in the subcutaneous region. These data support the GO bioactivity in osteogenesis mechanisms as being self-sufficient to elevate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in ectopic sites while lacking the most common osteoinductive agents.
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Procter P, Hulsart-Billström G, Alves A, Pujari-Palmer M, Wenner D, Insley G, Engqvist H, Larsson S. Gluing Living Bone Using a Biomimetic Bioadhesive: From Initial Cut to Final Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:728042. [PMID: 34820360 PMCID: PMC8606677 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.728042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are a growing issue due to the increasing incidence of osteoporosis worldwide. High reoperation rates in osteoporotic fractures call for investigation into new methods in improving fixation of osteoporotic bones. In the present study, the strength of a recently developed bone bioadhesive, OsStictm, was evaluated in vivo using a novel bone core assay in a murine animal model at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Histology and micro-CT were obtained at all time points, and the mean peak pull-out force was assessed on days 0–28. The adhesive provided immediate fixation to the bone core. The mean peak bone core pull-out force gradually decreased from 6.09 N (σ 1.77 N) at day 0 to a minimum of 3.09 N (σ 1.08 N) at day 7, recovering to 6.37 N (σ 4.18 N) by day 28. The corresponding fibrin (Tisseel) control mean peak bone core pull-out characteristic was 0.27 N (σ 0.27 N) at day 0, with an abrupt increase from 0.37 N (σ 0.28) at day 3, 6.39 N (σ 5.09 N) at day 7, and continuing to increase to 11.34 N (σ 6.5 N) by day 28. The bone cores failed either through core pull-out or by the cancellous part of the core fracturing. Overall, the adhesive does not interrupt healing with pathological changes or rapid resorption. Initially, the adhesive bonded the bone core to the femur, and over time, the adhesive was replaced by a vascularised bone of equivalent quality and quantity to the original bone. At the 42 day time point, 70% of the adhesive in the cancellous compartment and 50% in the cortical compartment had been replaced. The adhesive outwith the bone shell was metabolized by cells that are only removing the material excess with no ectopic bone formation. It is concluded that the adhesive is not a physical and biochemical barrier as the bone heals through the adhesive and is replaced by a normal bone tissue. This adhesive composition meets many of the clinical unmet needs expressed in the literature, and may, after further preclinical assessments, have potential in the repair of bone and osteochondral fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Procter
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Material Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biomimetic Innovations Ltd, Shannon, Ireland
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Pujari-Palmer
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Material Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Wenner
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Material Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerard Insley
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Material Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biomimetic Innovations Ltd, Shannon, Ireland
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Material Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sune Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Zhang X, van Rijt S. 2D biointerfaces to study stem cell-ligand interactions. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:80-96. [PMID: 34237424 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have great potential in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their inherent regenerative capabilities. However, an ongoing challenge within their clinical translation is to elicit or predict the desired stem cell behavior once transplanted. Stem cell behavior and function are regulated by their interaction with biophysical and biochemical signals present in their natural environment (i.e., stem cell niches). To increase our understanding about the interplay between stem cells and their resident microenvironments, biointerfaces have been developed as tools to study how these substrates can affect stem cell behaviors. This article aims to review recent developments on fabricating cell-instructive interfaces to control cell adhesion processes towards directing stem cell behavior. After an introduction on stem cells and their natural environment, static surfaces exhibiting predefined biochemical signals to probe the effect of chemical features on stem cell behaviors are discussed. In the third section, we discuss more complex dynamic platforms able to display biochemical cues with spatiotemporal control using on-off ligand display, reversible ligand display, and ligand mobility. In the last part of the review, we provide the reader with an outlook on future designs of biointerfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cells have great potential as treatments for many degenerative disorders prevalent in our aging societies. However, an ongoing challenge within their clinical translation is to promote stem cell mediated regeneration once they are transplanted in the body. Stem cells reside within our bodies where their behavior and function are regulated by interactions with their natural environment called the stem cell niche. To increase our understanding about the interplay between stem cells and their niche, 2D materials have been developed as tools to study how specific signals can affect stem cell behaviors. This article aims to review recent developments on fabricating cell-instructive interfaces to control cell adhesion processes towards directing stem cell behavior.
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12
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Salgado CL, Mansur AAP, Mansur HS, Monteiro FJM. Bioengineered Fluorescent Nanoprobe Conjugates for Tracking Human Bone Cells: In Vitro Biocompatibility Analysis. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164422. [PMID: 34442946 PMCID: PMC8399135 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we validated novel functionalized hybrid semiconductor bioconjugates made of fluorescent quantum dots (QD) with the surface capped by chitosan (polysaccharide) and chemically modified with O-phospho-L-serine (OPS) that are biocompatible with different human cell sources. The conjugation with a directing signaling molecule (OPS) allows preferential accumulation in human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (HBMSC). The chitosan (Chi) shell with the fluorescent CdS core was characterized by spectroscopical (UV spectrophotometry and photoluminescence), by morphological techniques (Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)) and showed small size (ø 2.3 nm) and a stable photoluminescence emission band. The in vitro biocompatibility results were not dependent on the polysaccharide chain length (Chi with higher and lower molecular weight) but were remarkably affected by the surface modification (Chi or Chi-OPS). In addition, the efficiency of nanoparticles uptake by the cells was dependent on cells nature (human primary cells or cell lines) and tissue source (bone or skin) in the presence or absence of the OPS modification. The complex cellular uptake pathways involved in the cell labeling with the nanoparticles do not interfere on the normal cellular biology (adhesion and proliferation), osteogenic differentiation, and gene expression. The bone cells particles uptake evaluation showed a possible pathway by Caveolin-1 that regulates cell transduction in the membrane’s Caveolae. Caveolae mediates non-specific endocytosis, and it is upregulated in HBMSC. The OPS-modified nanoparticles promoted an intense intracellular trafficking by the HBMSCs that showed late-osteoblast phenotype with an increase of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization (Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining for calcium phosphate crystals). In this work, the OPS modified bioconjugated QD proved to be a reliable and stable fluorescent bioprobe for cell imaging and targeting research that could also help in clarifying some cellular mechanisms of particles intracellular traffic through the cytoplasmic membrane and osteogenic differentiation induction. The in vitro HBMSC’s biocompatibility responses indicated that the OPS-modified chitosan QDs have a prospective future in laboratory and pre-clinical applications such as bioimaging analysis and for ex-vivo cellular evaluation of biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L. Salgado
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra A. P. Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.A.P.M.); (H.S.M.)
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Herman S. Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.A.P.M.); (H.S.M.)
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando J. M. Monteiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Ebrahimi L, Farzin A, Ghasemi Y, Alizadeh A, Goodarzi A, Basiri A, Zahiri M, Monabati A, Ai J. Metformin-Loaded PCL/PVA Fibrous Scaffold Preseeded with Human Endometrial Stem Cells for Effective Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:222-231. [PMID: 33347290 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been devoted to investigating the potential of guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes for bone defect reconstruction. Regardless of approaches for treating damaged bone tissues, a beneficial therapeutic strategy has remained a challenge. In this study, a novel GBR membrane with polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing different concentrations of metformin (Met) for improving osteogenic properties was developed. The membranes were evaluated for their hydrophilicity, degradation rate, swelling ratio, drug release, mechanical properties, and biological responses. The results showed a significant increase in hydrophilicity, swelling ratio, and degradation rate and no significant changes in mechanical properties of PCL/PVA membranes with Met concentration enhancement. A decrease in cell viability cultured on the surface of the PCL/PVA membrane was seen when the amount of Met was changed from 10 to 15 wt %. The results of the in vitro quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) also confirmed the higher secretion of osteogenic-related genes in a PCL/PVA/Cell/10 wt % Met scaffold than in the PCL/PVA/Cell sample. Therefore, further in vivo studies were conducted using the electrospun PCL/PVA membrane containing human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) and 10% Met. Histopathological and histomorphometric results confirmed that PCL/PVA/hEnSCs/10 wt % Met has excellent potential to differentiate hEnSCs into osteogenic lineages and bone regeneration in calvarial defects of rats. The results of this study confirm the high potential of the PCL/PVA/10 wt % Met fibrous membrane preseeded with hEnSCs in GBR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Ebrahimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Ali Farzin
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5546914177, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Arefeh Basiri
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Maria Zahiri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Department of Pathology and Hematology Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5546914177, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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14
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Zhou J, Xiong Z, Liu M, Yang L, Yao S, Chen K, Yu K, Qu Y, Sun T, Guo X. Creation of Bony Microenvironment with Extracellular Matrix Doped-Bioactive Ceramics to Enhance Osteoblast Behavior and Delivery of Aspartic Acid-Modified BMP-2 Peptides. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8465-8478. [PMID: 33149587 PMCID: PMC7605642 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Decellularized matrix from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) endows scaffolds with an ECM-like surface, which enhances stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is extensively recognized as an excellent bio-ceramic for fabricating bone grafts. Materials and Methods In the current study, SIS was doped on an MBG scaffold (MBG/SIS) using polyurethane foam templating and polydopamine chemistry method. To mimic the bony environment of a natural bone matrix, an ECM-inspired delivery system was constructed by coupling the BMP2-related peptide P28 to a heparinized MBG/SIS scaffold (MBG/SIS-H-P28). The release of P28 from MBG/SIS-H-P28 and its effects on the proliferation, viability, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results Our research indicated that the novel tissue-derived ECM scaffold MBG/SIS has a hierarchical and interconnected porous architecture, and superior biomechanical properties. MBG/SIS-H-P28 released P28 in a controlled manner, with the long-term release time of 40 d. The results of in vitro experiments showed improvements in cell proliferation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes (Runx-2, OCN, OPN, and ALP) compared to those of MBG/SIS or MBG/SIS-P28 and MBG/SIS-H-P28. The in vivo results demonstrated that MBG/SIS-H-P28 scaffolds evidently increased bone formation in rat calvarial critical-sized defect compared to that in controls. Conclusion MBG/SIS-H-P28 scaffolds show potential as ideal platforms for delivery of P28 and for providing a bony environment for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekang Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430050, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Keda Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yang L, Chen S, Shang T, Zhao R, Yuan B, Zhu X, Raucci MG, Yang X, Zhang X, Santin M, Ambrosio L. Complexation of Injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate with Phosphoserine-Presenting Dendrons with Enhanced Osteoregenerative Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37873-37884. [PMID: 32687309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Injectable biphasic calcium phosphates have been proposed as a solution in the treatment of a range of clinical applications including as fillers in the augmentation of osteoporotic bone. To date, various biodegradable natural or synthetic organics have been used as a polymer component of bone materials to increase their cohesiveness. Herein, a novel bone material was developed combining osteoconductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticles with phosphoserine-tethered generation 3 poly(epsilon-lysine) dendron (G3-K PS), a class of hyperbranched peptides previously shown to induce biomineralization and stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Strontium was also incorporated into the BCP nanocrystals (SrBCP) to prevent bone resorption. Within 24 h, an antiwashout behavior was observed in G3-K PS-integrated pure BCP group (BCPG3). Moreover, both in vitro tests by relevant cell phenotypes and an in vivo tissue regeneration study by an osteoporotic animal bone implantation showed that the integration of G3-K PS would downregulate Cxcl9 gene and protein expressions, thus enhancing bone regeneration measured as bone mineral density, new bone volume ratio, and trabecular microarchitectural parameters. However, no synergistic effect was found when Sr was incorporated into the BCPG3 bone pastes. Notably, results indicated a concomitant reduction of bone regeneration potential assessed as reduced Runx2 and PINP expression when bone resorptive RANKL and CTX-I levels were reduced by Sr supplementation. Altogether, the results suggest the potential of injectable BCPG3 bone materials in the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tieliang Shang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)-National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Matteo Santin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)-National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
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16
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Salgado CL, Barrias CC, Monteiro FJM. Clarifying the Tooth-Derived Stem Cells Behavior in a 3D Biomimetic Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:724. [PMID: 32671055 PMCID: PMC7333018 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive amounts of cell are needed for creating tissue engineered 3D constructs, which often requires culture on scaffolds under dynamic conditions to facilitate nutrients and oxygen diffusion. Dynamic cultures are expected to improve cell viability and proliferation rate, when compared to static conditions. However, cells from distinct types and/or tissues sources may respond differently to external stimuli and be incompatible with culture under mechanical shear stress. The first aim of this work was to show that dental stem cells are a valuable source for improving bone regeneration potential of artificial grafts. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from human dental follicle (hDFMSC) and pulp tissues (hDPMSC) and shown to express prototypical stem cell markers. The follicle and pulp dental MSCs capacity to differentiate into osteoblast lineage was evaluated after seeding on 3D porous scaffolds of collagen-nanohydroxyapatite/phosphoserine biocomposite cryogel with osteogenic factors in the culture medium. Both tooth-derived MSCs were able to show high ALP activity, express osteogenic gene markers and secrete osteopontin (OPN). Thereafter, designed multicompartment holder adaptable to spinner flasks was used for dynamic culture (50 rpm) of both dental MSCs types within the porous 3D scaffolds. Standard static culture conditions were used as control. Culture under dynamic conditions promoted follicle MSCs proliferation, while improving their spatial distribution within the scaffold. Under dynamic conditions, the biocomposite scaffold promoted MSCs osteogenic differentiation, as suggested by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, higher osteogenic gene expression and OPN deposition. In a similar manner, under dynamic conditions, dental pulp MSCs also showed higher ALP activity and proliferation rate, but lower amounts of osteopontin secretion, when compared to static conditions. After implantation, dental follicle MSCs-loaded 3D scaffolds cultured under dynamic conditions showed higher tissue ingrowth and osteogenic differentiation (higher human OPN secretion) than dental pulp cells. Overall, this study explored the use of tooth-derived stem cells as a clinical alternative source for bone tissue engineering, together with an innovative device for dynamic culture of cell-laden 3D scaffolds. Results showed that human MSCs response upon culture on 3D scaffolds, depends on the cells source and the culture regimen. This suggests that both the type of cells and their culture conditions should be carefully adjusted according to the final clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L Salgado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Monteiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Porto, Portugal
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