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Desmond L, Margini S, Barchiesi E, Pontrelli G, Phan AN, Gentile P. Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotheranostic particles for simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin to target osteosarcoma. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016113. [PMID: 38445236 PMCID: PMC10913103 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare form of primary bone cancer, impacting approximately 3.4 × 106 individuals worldwide each year, primarily afflicting children. Given the limitations of existing cancer therapies, the emergence of nanotheranostic platforms has generated considerable research interest in recent decades. These platforms seamlessly integrate therapeutic potential of drug compounds with the diagnostic capabilities of imaging probes within a single construct. This innovation has opened avenues for enhanced drug delivery to targeted sites while concurrently enabling real-time monitoring of the vehicle's trajectory. In this study, we developed a nanotheranostic system employing the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique on a core containing doxorubicin (DOXO) and in-house synthesized carbon quantum dots. By utilizing chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as polyelectrolytes, we constructed a multilayered coating to encapsulate DOXO and docetaxel, achieving a coordinated co-delivery of both drugs. The LbL-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited an approximate size of 150 nm, manifesting a predominantly uniform and spherical morphology, with an encapsulation efficiency of 48% for both drugs. The presence of seven layers in these systems facilitated controlled drug release over time, as evidenced by in vitro release tests. Finally, the impact of the LbL-functionalized nanoparticles was evaluated on U2OS and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. The synergistic effect of the two drugs was found to be crucial in inducing cell death, particularly in Saos-2 cells treated with nanoparticles at concentrations higher than 10 μg/ml. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the internalization of the nanoparticles into both cell types through endocytic mechanisms, revealing an underlying mechanism of necrosis-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Desmond
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Margini
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Barchiesi
- Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning, University of Sassari, Alghero, Italy
| | | | - Anh N. Phan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Yu W, Wang Q, Cao Z, Li J. Artificially engineered bacteria to treat gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103667. [PMID: 37302541 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutics based on living organisms provide a roadmap for next-generation biomedicine. Bacteria have an essential role in the development, regulation, and treatment of gastrointestinal disease and cancer through similar mechanisms. However, primitive bacteria lack the stability to overcome complex drug delivery barriers, and their multifunctionality in reinforcing both conventional and emerging therapeutics is limited. Artificially engineered bacteria (ArtBac) with modified surfaces and genetic functions show promise for tackling these problems. Herein, we discuss recent applications of ArtBac as living biomedicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and tumors. Future perspectives are given to guide the rational design of ArtBac toward safe multifunctional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenqin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Zhenping Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Li J, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. A decade of developing applications exploiting the properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:807-835. [PMID: 36472384 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transferring the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating approach from planar surfaces to spherical templates and subsequently dissolving these templates leads to the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. The versatility of the coatings of capsules and their flexibility upon bringing in virtually any material into the coatings has quickly drawn substantial attention. Here, we provide an overview of the main developments in this field, highlighting the trends in the last decade. In the beginning, various methods of encapsulation and release are discussed followed by a broad range of applications, which were developed and explored. We also outline the current trends, where the range of applications is continuing to grow, including addition of whole new and different application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Rybkin I, Pinyaev S, Sindeeva O, German S, Koblar M, Pyataev N, Čeh M, Gorin D, Sukhorukov G, Lapanje A. Modification of bacterial cells for in vivo remotely guided systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1070851. [PMID: 36686260 PMCID: PMC9845715 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown recently that bacterial strains, which can act specifically against malignant cells, can be used efficiently in cancer therapy. Many appropriate bacterial strains are either pathogenic or invasive and there is a substantial shortage of methods with which to monitor in vivo the distribution of bacteria used in this way. Here, it is proposed to use a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) approach that can encapsulate individual bacterial cells with fluorescently labeled polyelectrolytes (PE)s and magnetite nanoparticles (NP)s. The NP enable remote direction in vivo to the site in question and the labeled shells in the far-red emission spectra allow non-invasive monitoring of the distribution of bacteria in the body. The magnetic entrapment of the modified bacteria causes the local concentration of the bacteria to increase by a factor of at least 5. The PEs create a strong barrier, and it has been shown in vitro experiments that the division time of bacterial cells coated in this way can be regulated, resulting in control of their invasion into tissues. That animals used in the study survived and did not suffer septic shock, which can be attributed to PE capsules that prevent release of endotoxins from bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Rybkin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany,Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,State University, Saratov, Russia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergey Pinyaev
- National Research Ogerev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Olga Sindeeva
- State University, Saratov, Russia,A.V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey German
- Center of Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia,Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maja Koblar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikolay Pyataev
- National Research Ogerev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Miran Čeh
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center of Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb Sukhorukov
- A.V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia,Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Lapanje
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Aleš Lapanje,
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Identification of amino acid residues required for inhibition of host gene expression by influenza A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 H5N1 PA-X. J Virol 2021; 96:e0040821. [PMID: 33853954 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00408-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PA-X is a non-structural protein of influenza A virus (IAV), which is encoded by the polymerase acidic (PA) N-terminal region that contains a C-terminal +1 frameshifted sequence. IAV PA-X protein modulates virus-induced host innate immune responses and viral pathogenicity via suppression of host gene expression or cellular shutoff, through cellular mRNA cleavage. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of the H5N1 subtype naturally infect different avian species, they have an enormous economic impact in the poultry farming, and they also have zoonotic and pandemic potential, representing a risk to human public health. In the present study, we describe a novel bacteria-based approach to identify amino acid residues in the PA-X protein of the HPAIV A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 H5N1 that are important for its ability to inhibit host protein expression or cellular shutoff activity. Identified PA-X mutants displayed a reduced shutoff activity as compared to that of the wild-type (WT) A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 H5N1 PA-X protein. Notably, this new bacteria-based screening allowed us to identify amino acid residues widely distributed over the entire N-terminal region of PA-X. Furthermore, we found that some of the residues affecting A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 H5N1 PA-X host shutoff activity also affect PA polymerase activity in a minigenome assay. This information could be used for the rational design of new and more effective compounds with antiviral activity against IAV. Moreover, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using this bacteria-based approach to identify amino acid residues important for the activity of viral proteins to inhibit host gene expression. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) continue to pose a huge threat to global animal and human health. Despite of the limited genome size of Influenza A virus (IAV), the virus encodes eight main viral structural proteins and multiple accessory non-structural proteins, depending on the IAV type, subtype or strain. One of the IAV accessory proteins, PA-X, is encoded by the polymerase acidic (PA) protein and is involved in pathogenicity through the modulation of IAV-induced host inflammatory and innate immune responses. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of IAV PA-X regulation of the host immune response is not well understood. In this work, we used, for the first time, a bacteria-based approach for the identification of amino acids important for the ability of IAV PA-X to induce host shutoff activity and describe novel residues relevant for its ability to inhibit host gene expression, and their contribution in PA polymerase activity.
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Du H, Xu W, Zhang Z, Han X. Bacterial Behavior in Confined Spaces. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629820. [PMID: 33816474 PMCID: PMC8012557 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In confined spaces, bacteria exhibit unexpected cellular behaviors that are related to the biogeochemical cycle and human health. Types of confined spaces include lipid vesicles, polymer vesicles, emulsion droplets, microfluidic chips, and various laboratory-made chambers. This mini-review summarizes the behaviors of living bacteria in these confined spaces, including (a) growth and proliferation, (b) cell communication, and (c) motion. Future trends and challenges are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.,Center for Marine Antifouling Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Weili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhizhou Zhang
- Center for Marine Antifouling Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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