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Merdalimova A, Barmin R, Vorobev V, Aleksandrov A, Terentyeva D, Estifeeva T, Chernyshev V, German S, Maslov O, Skibina Y, Rudakovskaya P, Gorin D. Two-in-one sensor of refractive index and Raman scattering using hollow-core microstructured optical waveguides for colloid characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113705. [PMID: 38194837 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hollow-core microstructured optical waveguides (HC-MOW) have recently emerged in sensing technologies, including the gas and liquid detection for industrial as well as clinical applications. Antiresonant HC-MOW provide capabilities for applications in refractive index (RI) sensing, while the long optical path for analyte-light interaction in HC-MOW leads to increased sensitivity of sensor based on Raman scattering signal measurements. In this study, we developed a two-in-one sensor device using HC-MOW for RI and Raman scattering detection. The performance of the sensor was evaluated by characterizing protein-copolymer multicomponent colloids, specifically, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(N - vinyl-2 -pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid) P(VP-AA) nano-sized complexes and microbubbles of the corresponding shell. Monocomponent solutions showed linear dependencies of RI and characteristic Raman peak intensities on mass concentration. Multicomponent Raman sensing of BSA@P(VP-AA) complexes and microbubbles revealed that changes in P(VP-AA) characteristic peak intensities can describe interactions between components needed to produce colloid systems. RI sensing of multicomponent colloids demonstrated linear dependence on total mass concentrations for BSA@P(VP-AA) complexes, while corresponding BSA@P(VP-AA) microbubbles can be detected with concentrations as high as 4.0 × 108 MB/mL. Therefore, the developed two-in-one sensor of RI and Raman scattering can be used the robust characterization of albumin-based colloids designed for therapeutic and diagnostic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Merdalimova
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia; Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors, University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Roman Barmin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia.
| | - Viktor Vorobev
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Artem Aleksandrov
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia; Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Daria Terentyeva
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Tatiana Estifeeva
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey German
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Oleg Maslov
- Department of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Yulia Skibina
- SPE LLC Nanostructured Glass Technology, Saratov 410033, Russia
| | - Polina Rudakovskaya
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia.
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Rybkin I, Pinyaev S, Sindeeva O, German S, Koblar M, Pyataev N, Čeh M, Gorin D, Sukhorukov G, Lapanje A. Modification of bacterial cells for in vivo remotely guided systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1070851. [PMID: 36686260 PMCID: PMC9845715 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown recently that bacterial strains, which can act specifically against malignant cells, can be used efficiently in cancer therapy. Many appropriate bacterial strains are either pathogenic or invasive and there is a substantial shortage of methods with which to monitor in vivo the distribution of bacteria used in this way. Here, it is proposed to use a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) approach that can encapsulate individual bacterial cells with fluorescently labeled polyelectrolytes (PE)s and magnetite nanoparticles (NP)s. The NP enable remote direction in vivo to the site in question and the labeled shells in the far-red emission spectra allow non-invasive monitoring of the distribution of bacteria in the body. The magnetic entrapment of the modified bacteria causes the local concentration of the bacteria to increase by a factor of at least 5. The PEs create a strong barrier, and it has been shown in vitro experiments that the division time of bacterial cells coated in this way can be regulated, resulting in control of their invasion into tissues. That animals used in the study survived and did not suffer septic shock, which can be attributed to PE capsules that prevent release of endotoxins from bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Rybkin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany,Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,State University, Saratov, Russia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergey Pinyaev
- National Research Ogerev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Olga Sindeeva
- State University, Saratov, Russia,A.V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey German
- Center of Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia,Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maja Koblar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikolay Pyataev
- National Research Ogerev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Miran Čeh
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center of Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb Sukhorukov
- A.V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia,Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Lapanje
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Aleš Lapanje,
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Movchan O, Yanishen I, Diudina I, Tomilin V, German S, Pereshyvailova I. BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION AND METHODS OF DECONTAMINATION OF BASES COMPLETE REMOVABLE PROSTHESES DURING THE APPLICATION OF ADHESIVE MATERIALS. Georgian Med News 2022:61-66. [PMID: 36780625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
It turned out that the permanent microbiota of surfaces of acrylic bases of complete removable plastic dentures (CRPD) characterized by several features: the presence of aerobic (7) and anaerobic (10) species. Qualitative and quantitative compositions of microbiocenosis in orthopedic treatment stages have been changed. The revealed patterns require further study in the context of the improvement of decolonization of acrylic bases in the stages of orthopedic treatment by CRPD. Deactivation of acrylic bases of CRPD significantly affects the species composition of microbiota, reduces the quantitative parameters of bacterial contamination. The purpose of our work was determination of bacterial contamination of acrylic bases of CRPD in stages of their clinical exploitation and study of changes in the quantitative composition of the acrylic bases microbiota of CRPD under different decontamination modes. Smears from the inner surface of the acrylic base were stained with Gram and microscopic and seeded on blood agar, Endo agar, Chistovich, Saburo. Species belonging to the micro-organisms were identified by the LAHEMA test system and were determined in colonies forming units (CFUs). These data indicate accumulation under the acrylic base in the course of clinical operation of certain types of microbiota, which requires improvement of the methods of their decontamination. We studied the change in the quantitative and specific composition of the microbiota (bacterial contamination) of acrylic bases CRPD under different modes ("A", "B"). Patients in group "A" used the Sideex solution - a two-component system consisting of a liquid component (glutaraldehyde solution) and a powdery activator, mixed before use to obtain a working activated solution. The liquid component is a clear, colorless solution with a specific odor, which is a 2.2-2.7% aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde, which is an active ingredient, pH=3.0 - 4.5. Powdery activator is a pale-yellow powder containing alkaline components, a corrosion inhibitor, and a dye. The activated working solution is a fluorescent green solution with a specific odor and containing 2.2-2.7% glutaraldehyde; pH=8.2-9.2. (Great Britain). Preparation of the activated solution: a powder-activator is added to the container containing the liquid component (avoiding losses). Cleaning is carried out by the method of full immersion of the prosthesis in solution, with a thickness of the drug over it not less than 1 cm. The dentures are soused in solution for 15 minutes, then thorough washing in the same solution for 1-3 minutes. Sideex activated solution is used for sterilization and disinfection of metal, glass, polymeric (plastic, rubber, etc.) medical products. The dentures of patients from group "B" are decontaminated with 0.2% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate. The dentures were placed in the solution overnight for 14 days, changing the solution every two days. The decontamination of acrylic bases of CRPD should be considered mode "B" as more effective because of the significant decrease in the species composition of the microbiota (the qualitative indicator of reduction of microbial contamination was 72.0%). It is substantiated that decontamination of acrylic bases of CRPD with mode "A" has a small effect on the species composition of the microbiota, although it significantly (p<0.05) reduces quantitative indicators of microbial contamination. Regarding "B" mode, the species composition of aerobes from 31 lgCFU/ml to 8.7 lgCFU/ml and anaerobes from 42.7 lgCFU/ml to 14.6 lgCFU/ml was considered more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Movchan
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
| | - I Yanishen
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
| | - I Diudina
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
| | - V Tomilin
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
| | - S German
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
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Svenskaya Y, Garello F, Lengert E, Kozlova A, Verkhovskii R, Bitonto V, Ruggiero MR, German S, Gorin D, Terreno E. Biodegradable polyelectrolyte/magnetite capsules for MR imaging and magnetic targeting of tumors. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:362-377. [PMID: 33850694 PMCID: PMC8040826 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.59458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The tireless research for effective drug delivery approaches is prompted by poor target tissue penetration and limited selectivity against diseased cells. To overcome these issues, various nano- and micro-carriers have been developed so far, but some of them are characterized by slow degradation time, thus hampering repeated drug administrations. The aim of this study was to pursue a selective delivery of magnetic biodegradable polyelectrolyte capsules in a mouse breast cancer model, using an external magnetic field. Methods: Four different kinds of magnetic polyelectrolyte capsules were fabricated via layer-by-layer assembly of biodegradable polymers on calcium carbonate templates. Magnetite nanoparticles were embedded either into the capsules' shell (sample S) or both into the shell and the inner volume of the capsules (samples CnS, where n is the number of nanoparticle loading cycles). Samples were first characterized in terms of their relaxometric and photosedimentometric properties. In vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments, carried out on RAW 264.7 cells, allowed the selection of two lead samples that proceeded for the in vivo testing on a mouse breast cancer model. In the set of in vivo experiments, an external magnet was applied for 1 hour following the intravenous injection of the capsules to improve their delivery to tumor, and MRI scans were acquired at different time points post administration. Results: All samples were considered non-cytotoxic as they provided more than 76% viability of RAW 264.7 cells upon 2 h incubation. Sample S appeared to be the most efficient in terms of T2-MRI contrast, but the less sensitive to external magnet navigation, since no difference in MRI signal with and without the magnet was observed. On the other side, sample C6S was efficiently delivered to the tumor tissue, with a three-fold T2-MRI contrast enhancement upon the external magnet application. The effective magnetic targeting of C6S capsules was also confirmed by the reduction in T2-MRI contrast in spleen if compared with the untreated with magnet mice values, and the presence of dense and clustered iron aggregates in tumor histology sections even 48 h after the magnetic targeting. Conclusion: The highlighted strategy of magnetic biodegradable polyelectrolyte capsules' design allows for the development of an efficient drug delivery system, which through an MRI-guided externally controlled navigation may lead to a significant improvement of the anticancer chemotherapy performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Svenskaya
- Remote Controlled Systems for Theranostics laboratory, Research and Educational Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Francesca Garello
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centres, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Lengert
- Remote Controlled Systems for Theranostics laboratory, Research and Educational Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kozlova
- Biomedical Photoacoustics Laboratory, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman Verkhovskii
- Biomedical Photoacoustics Laboratory, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Valeria Bitonto
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centres, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruggiero
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centres, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sergey German
- Laboratory of Optics and Spectroscopy of Nanoobjects, Institute of Spectroscopy of the RAS, Troitsk 108840, Russia.,Center of Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center of Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centres, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Kolmer JA, Ordoñez ME, German S, Morgounov A, Pretorius Z, Visser B, Goyeau H, Anikster Y, Acevedo M. Multilocus Genotypes of the Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Puccinia triticina in Worldwide Regions Indicate Past and Current Long-Distance Migration. Phytopathology 2019; 109:1453-1463. [PMID: 30932734 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-18-0411-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many plant pathogenic fungi have a global distribution across diverse ecological zones and agricultural production systems. Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, is a major pathogen in many wheat production areas of the world. The objective of this research was to determine the genetic relatedness of P. triticina in different worldwide regions. A total of 831 single-uredinial isolates collected from 11 regions were characterized for multilocus genotype at 23 simple sequence repeat loci and for virulence to 20 lines of wheat with single genes for leaf rust resistance. A total of 424 multilocus genotypes and 497 virulence phenotypes were found. All populations had high heterozygosity and significant correlation between virulence and molecular variation, which indicated clonal reproduction. The populations from North America and South America, Central Asia and Russia, and the Middle East and Europe were closely related for multilocus genotypes and many individual isolates from other continental regions were closely related. Twenty-seven multilocus genotypes were found in more than one continental region, and 13 of these had isolates with identical virulence phenotypes. The wide geographic distribution of identical and highly related multilocus genotypes of P. triticina indicated past and more recent migration events facilitated by the spread of clonally produced urediniospores.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kolmer
- 1Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - M E Ordoñez
- 2Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - S German
- 3Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, 39173 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A Morgounov
- 4International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center, 06511 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z Pretorius
- 5Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - B Visser
- 5Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H Goyeau
- 6National Institute for Agricultural Research, Bioger-CPP, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Y Anikster
- 7Institute for Cereal Crop Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M Acevedo
- 8International Programs-CALS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Calvo-Salazar V, Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Cruz-Izquierdo S, Lobato-Ortiz R, Sandoval-Islas S, Vargas-Hernández M, German S, Silva P, Basnet BR, Lan CX, Herrera-Foessel SA. Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Leaf Rust and Yellow Rust in Spring Wheat Cultivar Kenya Kongoni. Plant Dis 2015; 99:1153-1160. [PMID: 30695943 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-14-0718-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Kenyan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Kenya Kongoni' exhibits high levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust (LR) and yellow rust (YR). We determined the genomic regions associated with LR and YR resistance in a population of 148 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross between 'Avocet-YrA' and Kenya Kongoni. Field experiments to characterize APR to LR and YR were conducted in four and two Mexican or Uruguayan environments, respectively. A linkage map was constructed with 438 diversity arrays technology and 16 simple-sequence repeat markers by JoinMap 4.1 software. Genetic analyses showed that resistance to both rusts was determined by four to five APR genes, including Lr46/Yr29 and Sr2/Lr27/Yr30. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis indicated that pleiotropic APR loci QYLr.cim-1BL corresponding to Lr46/Yr29 and QYLr.cim-7BL that is a putative novel QTL accounted for 5 to 57% and 12 to 35% of the phenotypic variation for resistance to LR and YR, respectively. These loci, in combination with another three LR QTL and two YR QTL, respectively, conferred high levels of resistance to both LR and YR in wheat under Mexican and Uruguayan environments. Among other detected QTL, QLr.cim-1DS, QLr.cim-2BL, and QYLr.icm-7BL may be new loci for APR to both rusts in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calvo-Salazar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico D.F., Mexico and Colegio de Post-graduados-Genética, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de Mexico
| | | | - J Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - S German
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Route 50 km 11.500, CP 70000, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - P Silva
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Route 50 km 11.500, CP 70000, Colonia, Uruguay
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Ghosh S, Mega T, German S, Burke L, Diegel M, Wood A, Watson R. Isotonic Saline Subjected to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille Flow Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Rat Model of Allergic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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German S, Ghosh S, Mega T, Burke L, Diegel M, Wood A, Watson R. Isotonic Saline Subjected to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille Flow Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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West SK, Munoz B, Rubin GS, Schein OD, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger S, German S, Fried LP. Function and visual impairment in a population-based study of older adults. The SEE project. Salisbury Eye Evaluation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38:72-82. [PMID: 9008632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) project investigates the impact of vision on functional status in a population-based sample of elderly persons. The prevalence of self-reports of functional status and the association with visual acuity loss are described. METHODS A random sample of men and women 65 to 84 years of age from Salisbury, Maryland were recruited for home interviews and clinic examinations. Of the eligible sample, 78% responded to the home questionnaire and 65% responded to the questionnaire and the clinic examination. Binocular visual acuity of each person was measured using ETDRS charts and protocols. Questions were asked concerning activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, physical function, social interaction, and activities of daily vision. Analyses of the association of presenting visual acuity worse than 20/40 with the measures of function were carried out and adjusted for age, race, and sex. RESULTS All measures of functional status showed a decline with age; women and blacks were more likely to report difficulties. The age-adjusted proportions of those with visual impairment were not significantly different between men and women (7.2% versus 6.7%; P = 0.60). Black persons had almost twice the rate (10.4%) of white persons (5.6%; P < 0.001). Age, race, gender, and visual impairment were all significantly related to declines in functional status in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Data on functional status in the project population were similar to national data and confirmed higher rates of disability in women and blacks. Binocular visual acuity worse than 20/40 appeared to have an impact on all the self-report measures of functional status. Further analyses on the interaction of vision with other comorbid conditions on function status clearly are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K West
- Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-9019, USA
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Abstract
The genomic RNA of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, yielding a large, 190 K product as well as several other polypeptides of smaller size (60, 56, 22 and 15 kDa). The 22 kDa product was immunoprecipitated by an anti-ACLSV serum and comigrated with purified ACLSV coat protein. In vitro translation of RNA transcripts prepared from cloned ACLSV cDNAs demonstrates that the coat protein is synthesised by initiation on the second in frame AUG codon of the 28 kDa open reading frame located at the 3' end of the genome. In the in vitro translation system used, the ability of various ACLSV-derived RNAs to direct the synthesis of the coat protein appears to be the result of initiation on the internal AUG codon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Candresse
- Station de Pathologíe Végétale, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Van Gijsegem F, Gough C, Zischek C, Niqueux E, Arlat M, Genin S, Barberis P, German S, Castello P, Boucher C. The hrp gene locus of Pseudomonas solanacearum, which controls the production of a type III secretion system, encodes eight proteins related to components of the bacterial flagellar biogenesis complex. Mol Microbiol 1995; 15:1095-114. [PMID: 7623665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Five transcription units of the Pseudomonas solanacearum hrp gene cluster are required for the secretion of the HR-inducing PopA1 protein. The nucleotide sequences of two of these, units 1 and 3, have been reported. Here, we present the nucleotide sequence of the three other transcription units, units 2, 4 and 7, which are together predicted to code for 15 hrp genes. This brings the total number of Hrp proteins encoded by these five transcription units to 20, including HrpB, the positive regulatory protein, and HpaP, which is apparently not required for plant interactions. Among the 18 other proteins, eight belong to protein families regrouping proteins involved in type III secretion pathways in animal and plant bacterial pathogens and in flagellum biogenesis, while two are related solely to proteins involved in secretion systems. For the various proteins found to be related to P. solanacearum Hrp proteins, those in plant-pathogenic bacteria include proteins encoded by hrp genes. For Hrp-related proteins of animal pathogens, those encoded by the spa and mxi genes of Shigella flexneri and of Salmonella typhimurium and by the ysc genes of Yersinia are involved in type III secretion pathways. Proteins involved in flagellum biogenesis, which are related to Hrp proteins of P. solancearum, include proteins encoded by fli and flh genes of S. typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and by mop genes of Erwinia carotovora. P. solanacearum Hrp proteins were also found to be related to proteins of Rhizobium fredii involved in nodulation specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Van Gijsegem
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Abstract
Double-stranded RNAs were isolated from plants infected with five different isolates of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). Analysis by PAGE and by Northern blot hybridization showed that six major species of viral dsRNA of approximately 7.5, 6.4, 5.4, 2.2, 1.1 and 1.0 kbp can be detected in infected plants, irrespective of the ACLSV isolate used. In addition to the dsRNA of 7.5 kbp corresponding to the full-length genome, the size and position on the genome of the 2.2 and 1.1 kbp species indicate that these are very probably double-stranded forms of subgenomic RNAs allowing the expression of the internal open reading frames coding respectively for the ACLSV 50K and coat proteins. The subgenomic messenger for the coat protein was indeed detected in total RNA preparations from infected plants. Surprisingly, the two most abundant dsRNA species, of 6.4 and 5.4 kbp, were found to be 5'-coterminal with the genomic RNA. A model for the expression of the genome of ACLSV and for the production of the molecules 5'-coterminal with the genomic RNA is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S German
- Station de Pathologie Végétale, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of Apple chlorotic leaf spot closterovirus (ACLSV) genomic RNA has been determined from cDNA clones. It is 7555 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(A) tail and contains three putative open reading frames capable of encoding proteins of 216.5, 50, and 28 kDa. ACLSV RNA has untranslated regions of 151 and 190 nucleotides at its 5' and 3' termini, respectively. The 216.5-kDa ORF encodes a protein which contains the conserved "signature" sequences and has significant homology with the proteins suspected to be involved in viral RNA replication of members of the "Sindbis-like" supergroup of viruses. On the basis of distant homologies with viral movement proteins (M proteins), the 50-kDa ORF is suspected to encode a protein responsible for virus cell-to-cell spread. The 28-kDa ORF contains, in frame, a smaller 21.5-kDa ORF encoding the coat protein of ACLSV. These results show that ACLSV and probably at least the subgroup A of closteroviruses should be regarded as members of the "Sindbis-like" supergroup of RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S German
- Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, INRA, Villenave D'Ornon, France
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