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Zaid Alkilani A, Hamed R, Musleh B, Sharaire Z. Breaking boundaries: the advancements in transdermal delivery of antibiotics. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2304251. [PMID: 38241087 PMCID: PMC10802811 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2304251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) for antibiotics have seen significant advances in recent years that aimed to improve the efficacy and safety of these drugs. TDDS offer many advantages over other conventional delivery systems such as non-invasiveness, controlled-release pattern, avoidance of first-pass metabolism. The objective of this review is to provide an overview on the recent advances in the TDDS of different groups of antibiotics including β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides, utilized for their effective delivery through the skin and to explore the challenges associated with this field. The majority of antibiotics do not have favorable properties for passive transdermal delivery. Thus, novel strategies have been employed to improve the delivery of antibiotics through the skin, such as the use of nanotechnology (nanoparticles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, vesicular carriers, and liposomes) or the physical enhancement techniques like microneedles and ultrasound. In conclusion, the transdermal delivery systems could be a promising method for delivering antibiotics that have the potential to improve patient outcomes and enhance the efficacy of drugs. Further research and development are still needed to explore the potential of delivering more antibiotic drugs by using various transdermal drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Batool Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
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2
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Goh M, Du M, Peng WR, Saw PE, Chen Z. Advancing burn wound treatment: exploring hydrogel as a transdermal drug delivery system. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2300945. [PMID: 38366562 PMCID: PMC10878343 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2300945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries are prevalent and life-threatening forms that contribute significantly to mortality rates due to associated wound infections. The management of burn wounds presents substantial challenges. Hydrogel exhibits tremendous potential as an ideal alternative to traditional wound dressings such as gauze. This is primarily attributed to its three-dimensional (3D) crosslinked polymer network, which possesses a high water content, fostering a moist environment that supports effective burn wound healing. Additionally, hydrogel facilitates the penetration of loaded therapeutic agents throughout the wound surface, combating burn wound pathogens through the hydration effect and thereby enhancing the healing process. However, the presence of eschar formation on burn wounds obstructs the passive diffusion of therapeutics, impairing the efficacy of hydrogel as a wound dressing, particularly in cases of severe burns involving deeper tissue damage. This review focuses on exploring the potential of hydrogel as a carrier for transdermal drug delivery in burn wound treatment. Furthermore, strategies aimed at enhancing the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents from hydrogel to optimize burn wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeeiChyn Goh
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meng Du
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wang Rui Peng
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
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3
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Nguyen-Thi PT, Vo TK, Le HT, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TT, Van Vo G. Translation from Preclinical Research to Clinical Trials: Transdermal Drug Delivery for Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03718-x. [PMID: 38862719 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), particularly dementia, provide significant problems to worldwide healthcare systems. The development of therapeutic materials for various diseases has a severe challenge in the form of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Transdermal treatment has recently garnered widespread favor as an alternative method of delivering active chemicals to the brain. This approach has several advantages, including low invasiveness, self-administration, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, preservation of steady plasma concentrations, regulated release, safety, efficacy, and better patient compliance. Topics include the transdermal method for therapeutic NDs, their classification, and the mechanisms that allow the medicine to enter the bloodstream through the skin. The paper also discusses the obstacles and potential outcomes of transdermal therapy, emphasizing the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP), Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thuy Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nhat Thang Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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4
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Das S, Das S, Bahadur S, Mukherjee M, Nandi G, Manna S. Fabrication, evaluation, and enhanced penetration of vinyl and cellulose-engineered transdermal patch of nifedipine using essential oil as penetration enhancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1400-1420. [PMID: 38502545 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2330682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the transdermal patch formulations of nifedipine. The patch formulations containing nifedipine were prepared and optimized with different ratios of vinyl and cellulose-derived polymers, drug contents, and permeation enhancers. Among the various formulations, the patch formulation containing a 1:5 ratio of ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone was selected for ex vivo pharmacokinetic study based on in vitro permeation studies using stratum corneum of the pig's skin. The cumulative percentage release after the transdermal administration of the optimized patch formulation was 71.43%, and the plasma concentration of nifedipine was maintained for 16 hrs. The physicochemical evaluation study including flatness, thickness, moisture content and uptake, drug content in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation indicated satisfactory results. The formulation batch with clove oil as a penetration enhancer has shown better ex vivo permeation as compared to the formulations without enhancers and another synthetic enhancer. These results suggest that the optimized patch formulation Q3 could be further developed for clinical applications, providing the therapeutic plasma level of nifedipine over an extended period. Hence analyzing the results of the evaluation tests, in vitro and ex vivo data on the preparation and optimization of nifedipine-loaded transdermal patch, it can be concluded that the formulation shows its feasibility as an effective transdermal delivery system for nifedipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stabak Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, India
| | - Sudip Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, India
| | - Sanjib Bahadur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, India
| | - Maitreyee Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist, Darjeeling, India
| | - Sreejan Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, India
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5
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V. L. Sirisha Mulukuri N, Kumar S, Dhara M, Dheeraj Rajesh G, Kumar P. Statistical modeling, optimization and characterization of andrographolide loaded emulgel for its therapeutic application on skin cancer through enhancing its skin permeability. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102068. [PMID: 38699597 PMCID: PMC11063646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide is a natural diterpene lactone with multiple biological effects. In the present study, a total of 11 andrographolide-loaded emulgels (ANG 1- ANG 11) were prepared by emulsification and solvent evaporation method using flaxseed oil and xanthan gum in different ratios, as suggested by the Design-Expert software. A 2-factor-5-level design was employed with different responses including spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, and drug release after 1 h (h) and 24 h. Based on the Design-Expert software response, the optimized emulgel ANG 12 was formulated and evaluated. The 24 h In-vitro drug release was found to be 95.7 % following Higuchi kinetics. Ex-vivo skin retention of 784.78 ug/cm2 was observed during the study. MTT assay performed on Human epidermoid carcinoma (A-431) cells demonstrated cell growth arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phase after 24 h of ANG 12 treatment (IC50: 11.5 µg/ml). The cellular permeability of ANG-12 was assessed by Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. Compared to untreated cells (0.54 % uptake) the ANG-12 treated cells had shown 87.17 % FITC permeation. The biocompatibility study performed on non-cancerous human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF cells) shows 91.54 % viability after 24 h of the treatment showing the non-toxic nature of ANG-12. Confocal imaging had shown a significant time-dependent increase in in-vivo cellular uptake with enhanced, progressive penetration of the emulgel into the skin. An in-vivo skin irritation study conducted on Swiss albino mice confirmed the safety aspects of the ANG 12. Hence, it can be concluded that nanoemulgel of andrographolide (ANG 12) could be a novel approach to treating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. L. Sirisha Mulukuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Moumita Dhara
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gupta Dheeraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
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Revanasiddappa PD, H. G. G, K. P. C, Natarajamurthy S, K. N, Pradeep S, Shivamallu C, Elossaily GM, Achar RR, Silina E, Stupin V, Manturova N, A. Shati A, Y. Alfaifi M, I. Elbehairi SE, Kestur Nagaraj A, Mahadevamurthy M, Kollur SP. Computational exploration of Picrasma quassioides compounds as CviR-mediated quorum sensing inhibitors against Chromobacterium violaceum. Front Chem 2024; 12:1286675. [PMID: 38867763 PMCID: PMC11167448 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1286675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum an opportunistic human pathogenic bacterium, exhibits resistance to conventional antibiotics by exploiting its quorum sensing mechanism to regulate virulence factor expression. In light of this, disrupting the quorum sensing mechanism presents a promising avenue for treating infections caused by this pathogen. The study focused on using the cytoplasmic quorum sensing receptor CviR from C. violaceum as a model target to identify novel quorum sensing inhibitors from P. quassioides through in silico computational approaches. Molecular docking analyses unveiled that several phytochemicals derived from Picrasma quassioides exhibit the potential to inhibit quorum sensing by binding to CviR protein. Notably, the compounds such as Quassidine I (- 8.8 kcal/mol), Quassidine J (- 8.8 kcal/mol), Kumudine B (- 9.1 kcal/mol) and Picrasamide A (- 8.9 kcal/mol) exhibited high docking scores, indicating strong binding affinity to the CviR protein. The native ligand C6-HSL (N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone) as a positive control/co-crystal inhibitor also demonstrated a significant binding energy of-7.7 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation for 200 ns showed the thermodynamic stability and binding affinity refinement of the top-ranked CviR inhibitor (Kumudine B) with its stable binding and minor fluctuations compared to positive control (C6-HSL). Pharmacokinetic predictions indicated that Kumudine B possesses favourable drug-like properties, which suggest its potential as a drug candidate. The study highlight Kumudine B as a potential agent for inhibiting the CviR protein in C. violaceum. The comprehensive evaluation of Kumudine B provides valuable insights into its pharmacological profiles, facilitating its assessment for diverse therapeutic applications and guiding future research activities, particularly as antibacterial agents for clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowtham H. G.
- Department of Studies and Research in Food Science and Nutrition, Karnataka State Open University, Mysuru, India
| | - Chandana K. P.
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India
| | | | - Nataraj K.
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Sushma Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Manturova
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Mahmoud Abd-Alaziz D, Mansour M, Nasr M, Sammour O. Tailored green synthesized silymarin-selenium nanoparticles: Topical nanocarrier of promising antileishmanial activity. Int J Pharm 2024:124275. [PMID: 38797252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Poor drug penetration, emerging drug resistance, and systemic toxicity are among the major obstacles challenging the current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Hence, developing advanced strategies for effective and targeted delivery of antileishmanial agents is crucial. Several drug delivery carriers have been developed till current date for dermal/transdermal delivery, especially those which are fabricated using eco-friendly synthesis approaches, since they protect the environment from the harmful effects of chemical waste disposal. This work describes the preparation of selenium nanoparticles loaded with silymarin via one-pot green reduction technique, for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The selected silymarin loaded selenium nanoparticles (SSNs4-0.1) displayed good loading efficiency of 58.22 ± 0.56 %, zeta potential of -30.63 ± 0.40 mV, hydrodynamic diameter of 245.77 ± 11.12 nm, and polydispersity index of 0.19 ± 0.01. It exhibited good physical stability, as well as high ex vivo deposition % in the epidermis (46.98 ± 1.51 %) and dermis (35.23 ± 1.72 %), which was further proven using confocal laser microscopy. It also exhibited significant cytocompatibility and noticeable cellular internalization of 90.02 ± 3.81 % in human fibroblasts, as well as high trypanothione reductase inhibitory effect (97.10 ± 0.30 %). Results of this study confirmed the successful green synthesis of silymarin-loaded selenium nanoparticles; delineating them as one of the promising antileishmanial topical delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mahmoud Abd-Alaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mai Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omaima Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Saveleva MS, Verkhovskii RA, Demina PA, Surkov YI, Anisimov RA, Prikhozhdenko ES, Pidenko PS, Serebryakova IA, Zaytsev SM, Tuchin VV, Svenskaya YI. Biodegradable calcium carbonate carriers for the topical delivery of clobetasol propionate. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4867-4881. [PMID: 38666451 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory dermatoses represent a global problem with increasing prevalence and recurrence among the world population. Topical glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs in dermatology due to a wide range of their therapeutic actions, which, however, have numerous local and systemic side effects. Hence, there is a growing need to create new delivery systems for GCs, ensuring the drug localization in the pathological site, thus increasing the effectiveness of therapy and lowering the risk of side effects. Here, we propose a novel topical particulate formulation for the GC clobetasol propionate (CP), based on the use of porous calcium carbonate (CaCO3) carriers in the vaterite crystalline form. The designed carriers contain a substantially higher CP amount than conventional dosage forms used in clinics (4.5% w/w vs. 0.05% w/w) and displayed a good biocompatibility and effective cellular uptake when studied in fibroblasts in vitro. Hair follicles represent an important reservoir for the GC accumulation in skin and house the targets for its action. In this study, we demonstrated successful delivery of the CP-loaded carriers (CP-CaCO3) into the hair follicles of rats in vivo using optical coherent tomography (OCT). Importantly, the OCT monitoring revealed the gradual intrafollicular degradation of the carriers within 168 h with the most abundant follicle filling occurring within the first 48 h. Biodegradability makes the proposed system especially promising when searching for new CP formulations with improved safety and release profile. Our findings evidenced the great potential of the CaCO3 carriers in improving the dermal bioavailability of this poorly water-soluble GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S Saveleva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | | | - Polina A Demina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Yury I Surkov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A Anisimov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Prikhozhdenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Pavel S Pidenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Sergey M Zaytsev
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Yulia I Svenskaya
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
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9
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Abraham AM, Anjani QK, Adhami M, Hutton ARJ, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Novel SmartReservoirs for hydrogel-forming microneedles to improve the transdermal delivery of rifampicin. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4375-4388. [PMID: 38477350 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HF-MNs) are composed of unique cross-linked polymers that are devoid of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the microneedle array. Instead, the API is housed in a reservoir affixed on the top of the baseplate of the HF-MNs. To date, various types of drug-reservoirs and multiple solubility-enhancing approaches have been employed to deliver hydrophobic molecules combined with HF-MNs. These strategies are not without drawbacks, as they require multiple manufacturing steps, from solubility enhancement to reservoir production. However, this current study challenges this trend and focuses on the delivery of the hydrophobic antibiotic rifampicin using SmartFilm-technology as a solubility-enhancing strategy. In contrast to previous techniques, smart drug-reservoirs (SmartReservoirs) for hydrophobic compounds can be manufactured using a one step process. In this study, HF-MNs and three different concentrations of rifampicin SmartFilms (SFs) were produced. Following this, both HF-MNs and SFs were fully characterised regarding their physicochemical and mechanical properties, morphology, Raman surface mapping, the interaction with the cellulose matrix and maintenance of the loaded drug in the amorphous form. In addition, their drug loading and transdermal permeation efficacy were studied. The resulting SFs showed that the API was intact inside the cellulose matrix within the SFs, with the majority of the drug in the amorphous state. SFs alone demonstrated no transdermal penetration and less than 20 ± 4 μg of rifampicin deposited in the skin layers. In contrast, the transdermal permeation profile using SFs combined with HF-MNs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) demonstrated a 4-fold increase in rifampicin deposition (80 ± 7 μg) in the skin layers and a permeation of approx. 500 ± 22 μg. Results therefore illustrate that SFs can be viewed as novel drug-reservoirs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) for HF-MNs, achieving highly efficient loading and diffusion properties through the hydrogel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Abraham
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Masoud Adhami
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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10
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Khairnar P, Phatale V, Shukla S, Tijani AO, Hedaoo A, Strauss J, Verana G, Vambhurkar G, Puri A, Srivastava S. Nanocarrier-Integrated Microneedles: Divulging the Potential of Novel Frontiers for Fostering the Management of Skin Ailments. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2118-2147. [PMID: 38660711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The various kinds of nanocarriers (NCs) have been explored for the delivery of therapeutics designed for the management of skin manifestations. The NCs are considered as one of the promising approaches for the skin delivery of therapeutics attributable to sustained release and enhanced skin penetration. Despite the extensive applications of the NCs, the challenges in their delivery via skin barrier (majorly stratum corneum) have persisted. To overcome all the challenges associated with the delivery of NCs, the microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a beacon of hope. Programmable drug release, being painless, and its minimally invasive nature make it an intriguing strategy to circumvent the multiple challenges associated with the various drug delivery systems. The integration of positive traits of NCs and MNs boosts therapeutic effectiveness by evading stratum corneum, facilitating the delivery of NCs through the skin and enhancing their targeted delivery. This review discusses the barrier function of skin, the importance of MNs, the types of MNs, and the superiority of NC-loaded MNs. We highlighted the applications of NC-integrated MNs for the management of various skin ailments, combinational drug delivery, active targeting, in vivo imaging, and as theranostics. The clinical trials, patent portfolio, and marketed products of drug/NC-integrated MNs are covered. Finally, regulatory hurdles toward benchtop-to-bedside translation, along with promising prospects needed to scale up NC-integrated MN technology, have been deliberated. The current review is anticipated to deliver thoughtful visions to researchers, clinicians, and formulation scientists for the successful development of the MN-technology-based product by carefully optimizing all the formulation variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shalini Shukla
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Aachal Hedaoo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Jordan Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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11
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Wang H, Tiwari N, Orellano MS, Navarro L, Beiranvand Z, Adeli M, Calderón M. Polyglycerol-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrins as Crosslinkers in Thermoresponsive Nanogels for the Enhanced Dermal Penetration of Hydrophobic Drugs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311166. [PMID: 38693075 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive nanogels (tNGs) are promising candidates for dermal drug delivery. However, poor incorporation of hydrophobic drugs into hydrophilic tNGs limits the therapeutic efficiency. To address this challenge, β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) are functionalized by hyperbranched polyglycerol serving as crosslinkers (hPG-βCD) to fabricate βCD-tNGs. This novel construct exhibits augmented encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, shows the appropriate thermal response to dermal administration, and enhances the dermal penetration of payloads. The structural influences on the encapsulation capacity of βCD-tNGs for hydrophobic drugs are analyzed, while concurrently retaining their efficacy as skin penetration enhancers. Various synthetic parameters are considered, encompassing the acrylation degree and molecular weight of hPG-βCD, as well as the monomer composition of βCD-tNGs. The outcome reveals that βCD-tNGs substantially enhance the aqueous solubility of Nile Red elevating to 120 µg mL-1 and augmenting its dermal penetration up to 3.33 µg cm-2. Notably, the acrylation degree of hPG-βCD plays a significant role in dermal drug penetration, primarily attributed to the impact on the rigidity and hydrophilicity of βCD-tNGs. Taken together, the introduction of the functionalized β-CD as the crosslinker in tNGs presents a novel avenue to enhance the efficacy of hydrophobic drugs in dermatological applications, thereby offering promising opportunities for boosted therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Wang
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Neha Tiwari
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Maria Soledad Orellano
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Lucila Navarro
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Zahra Beiranvand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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12
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Taléns-Visconti R, Belarbi Y, Díez-Sales O, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Vila-Busó O, Nácher A. A New Hyaluronic Emulgel of Hesperetin for Topical Application-An In Vitro Evaluation. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:89. [PMID: 38667546 PMCID: PMC11051322 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to formulate and characterize a hesperetin formulation to achieve adequate deposition and retention of hesperetin in the epidermis as a target for some cosmetic/dermatological actions. To derive the final emulgel, various formulations incorporating different proportions of Polysorbate 80 and hyaluronic acid underwent testing through a Box-Behnken experimental design. Nine formulations were created until the targeted emulgel properties were achieved. This systematic approach, following the principles of a design of experiment (DoE) methodology, adheres to a quality-by-design (QbD) paradigm, ensuring a robust and purposeful formulation and highlighting the commitment to a quality-driven design approach. The emulsions were developed using the phase inversion method, optimizing the emulgel with the incorporation of hyaluronic acid. Physically stable optimized emulgels were evaluated for their globule size, surface charge, viscosity, pH, electrical conductivity, and hesperetin content. These assays, along with the temperature swing test, were used to select the optimal formulation. It was characterized by a droplet size, d[4,3], of 4.02 μm, a Z-potential of -27.8 mV, an O/W sign, a pH of 5.2, and a creamy texture and proved to be stable for at least 2 months at room temperature. Additionally, in vitro release kinetics from the selected emulgel exhibited a sustained release profile of hesperetin. Skin assays revealed adequate retention of hesperetin in the human epidermis with minimum permeation. Altogether, these results corroborate the promising future of the proposed emulgel in cosmetic or dermatological use on healthy or diseased skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Taléns-Visconti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.B.); (O.D.-S.); (A.N.)
| | - Yousra Belarbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.B.); (O.D.-S.); (A.N.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Díez-Sales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.B.); (O.D.-S.); (A.N.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesus Vicente de Julián-Ortiz
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ofelia Vila-Busó
- Colloids Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Amparo Nácher
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.B.); (O.D.-S.); (A.N.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Febrianti NQ, Aziz AYR, Tunggeng MGR, Ramadhany ID, Syafika N, Azis SBA, Djabir YY, Asri RM, Permana AD. Development of pH-Sensitive Nanoparticle Incorporated into Dissolving Microarray Patch for Selective Delivery of Methotrexate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:70. [PMID: 38538953 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that attacks human joints. Methotrexate (MTX), as one the most effective medications to treat RA, has limitations when administered either orally or by injection. To overcome this limitation, we formulated MTX through a smart nanoparticle (SNP) combined with dissolving microarray patch (DMAP) to achieve selective-targeted delivery of RA. METHODS SNP was made using the combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers, while DMAP was made using the combination of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30. SNP-DMAP was then evaluated for its mechanical and chemical characteristics, ex vivo permeation test, in vivo pharmacokinetic study, hemolysis, and hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. RESULT The results showed that the characteristics of the SNP-DMAP-MTX formulas meet the requirements for transdermal delivery, with the particle size of 189.09 ±12.30 nm and absorption efficiency of 65.40 ± 5.0%. The hemolysis and HET-CAM testing indicate that this formula was non-toxic and non-irritating. Ex vivo permeation shows a concentration of 51.50 ± 3.20 µg/mL of SNP-DMAP-MTX in PBS pH 5.0. The pharmacokinetic profile of SNP-DMAP-MTX showed selectivity and sustained release compared with oral and DMAP-MTX with values of t1/2 (4.88 ± 0 h), Tmax (8 ± 0 h), Cmax (0.50 ± 0.04 μg/mL), AUC (3.15 ± 0.54 μg/mL.h), and mean residence time (MRT) (9.13 ± 0 h). CONCLUSION The developed SNP-DMAP-MTX has been proven to deliver MTX transdermal and selectively at the RA site, potentially avoiding conventional MTX side effects and enhancing the effectiveness of RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nur Syafika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
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14
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Sivadasan D, Venkatesan K, Mohamed JMM, Alqahtani S, Asiri YI, Faisal MM, Ibrahim AE, Alrashdi YBA, Menaa F, Deeb SE. Application of 3 2 factorial design for loratadine-loaded nanosponge in topical gel formulation: comprehensive in-vitro and ex vivo evaluations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6361. [PMID: 38493177 PMCID: PMC10944529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Loratadine (LoR) is a highly lipophilic and practically insoluble in water, hence having a low oral bioavailability. As it is formulated as topical gel, it competitively binds with the receptors, thus reducing the side-effects. The objective of this study was to prepare LoR loaded nanosponge (LoR-NS) in gel for topical delivery. Nine different formulations of emulsion were prepared by solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethyl cellulose (EC), and dichloromethane (DCM). Based on 32 Full Factorial Design (FFD), optimization was carried out by varying the concentration of LOR:EC ratio and stirring rate. The preparations were subjected for the evaluation of particle size (PS), in vitro release, zeta potential (ZP) and entrapment efficiency (EE). The results revealed that the NS dispersion was nanosized with sustained release profiles and significant PS. The optimised formulation was formulated and incorporated into carbopol 934P hydrogel. The formulation was then examined to surface morphological characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which depicted spherical NS. Stability studies, undertaken for 2 months at 40 ± 2 °C/75 ± 5% RH, concluded to the stability of the formulation. The formulation did not cause skin irritation. Therefore, the prepared NS hydrogel proved to be a promising applicant for LoR as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS) for safe, sustained and controlled topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgaramani Sivadasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jizan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy & BioMedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saud Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya I Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mennatullah M Faisal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | | | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Medicine and Nanomedicine, Fluorotronics, Inc, and California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Bader N, Abu Ammar A. Incorporating surfactants into PCL microneedles for sustained release of a hydrophilic model drug. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123826. [PMID: 38253267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric microneedles (MNs) are widely used for sustained drug release due to their distinct advantages over other types of MNs. Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) stands out as a biodegradable and biocompatible hydrophobic polymer commonly employed in drug delivery applications. This study explores the impact of surfactants on the encapsulation and release rate of a model hydrophilic drug, minoxidil (MXD), from PCL MNs. Three nonionic surfactants, Tween 80, Span 60, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), were integrated into PCL MNs at varying concentrations. Compared to the other types of surfactants, PEG-containing PCL MNs exhibit enhanced insertion capabilities into a skin-simulant parafilm model and increased mechanical strength, suggesting facile penetration into the stratum corneum. Furthermore, MXD-PEG MNs show the highest encapsulation efficiency and are further characterized using FTIR, DSC and XRD. Their mechanical strength against different static forces was measured. The MNs exhibit a sustained release pattern over 20 days. Eventually, MXD-PEG MNs were subjected to penetration testing using chicken skin and required minimal insertion forces with no observed MN failure during experimentation even after compression with the maximum force applied (32 N per patch). Taken together, the present work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating nonionic surfactants like PEG into the tips of hydrophobic PCL MNs for sustained delivery of a model hydrophilic drug. This formulation strategy can be used to improve patient compliance by allowing self-administration and achieving prolonged drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeen Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
| | - Aiman Abu Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel.
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16
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Raut S, Azheruddin M, Kumar R, Singh S, Giram PS, Datta D. Lecithin Organogel: A Promising Carrier for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9865-9885. [PMID: 38463343 PMCID: PMC10918684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, as it protects the body from the external environment. Nowadays, skin diseases and skin problems are more common, and millions of people are affected daily. Skin diseases are due to numerous infectious pathogens or inflammatory conditions. The increasing demand for theoretical research and practical applications has led to the rising prominence of gel as a semisolid material. To this end, organogels has been widely explored due to their unique composition, which includes organic solvents and mineral or vegetable oils, among others. Organogels can be described as semisolid systems wherein an organic liquid phase is confined within a three-dimensional framework consisting of self-assembled, cross-linked, or entangled gelator fibers. These gels have the ability to undergo significant expansion and retain substantial amounts of the liquid phase, reaching up to 99% swelling capacity. Furthermore, they respond to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, and mechanical deformation. Notably, due to their distinctive properties, they have aroused significant interest in a variety of practical applications. Organogels favor the significant encapsulation and enhanced permeation of hydrophobic molecules when compared with hydrogels. Accordingly, organogels are characterized into lecithin organogels, pluronic lecithin organogels, sorbitan monostearate-based organogels, and eudragit organogels, among others, based on the nature of their network and the solvent system. Lecithin organogels contain lecithin (natural and safe as a living cell component) as an organogelator. It acts as a good penetration enhancer. In this review, first we have summarized the fundamental concepts related to the elemental structure of organogels, including their various forms, distinctive features, methods of manufacture, and diverse applications. Nonetheless, this review also sheds light on the delivery of therapeutic molecules entrapped in the lecithin organogel system into deep tissue for the management of skin diseases and provides a synopsis of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Raut
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Mohammed Azheruddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Prabhanjan S. Giram
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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17
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Gaikwad SS, Zanje AL, Somwanshi JD. Advancements in transdermal drug delivery: A comprehensive review of physical penetration enhancement techniques. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123856. [PMID: 38281692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug administration has grown in popularity in the pharmaceutical research community due to its potential to improve drug bioavailability, compliance among patients, and therapeutic effectiveness. To overcome the substantial barrier posed by the stratum corneum (SC) and promote drug absorption within the skin, various physical penetration augmentation approaches have been devised. This review article delves into popular physical penetration augmentation techniques, which include sonophoresis, iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, thermophoresis, needle-free injection, and microneedles (MNs) Sonophoresis is a technique that uses low-frequency ultrasonic waves to break the skin's barrier characteristics, therefore improving drug transport and distribution. In contrast, iontophoresis uses an applied electric current to push charged molecules of drugs inside the skin, effectively enhancing medication absorption. Magnetophoresis uses magnetic fields to drive drug carriers into the dermis, a technology that has shown promise in aiding targeted medication delivery. Thermophoresis is the regulated heating of the skin in order to improve drug absorption, particularly with thermally sensitive drug carriers. Needle-free injection technologies, such as jet injectors (JIs) and microprojection arrays, offer another option by producing temporary small pore sizes in the skin, facilitating painless and effective drug delivery. MNs are a painless, minimally invasive method, easy to self-administration, as well as high drug bioavailability. This study focuses on the underlying processes, current breakthroughs, and limitations connected with all of these approaches, with an emphasis on their applicability in diverse therapeutic areas. Finally, a thorough knowledge of these physical enhancement approaches and their incorporation into pharmaceutical research has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery, providing more efficient and secure treatment choices for a wide range of health-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India.
| | - Abhijit L Zanje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Jeevan D Somwanshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
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18
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Lee DH, Lim S, Kwak SS, Kim J. Advancements in Skin-Mediated Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302375. [PMID: 38009520 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mediated drug delivery methods currently are receiving significant attention as a promising approach for the enhanced delivery of drugs through the skin. Skin-mediated drug delivery offers the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods, including oral administration and intravenous injection. The challenges associated with drug permeation through layers of skin, which act as a major barrier, are explored, and strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed in detail. This review categorizes skin-mediated drug delivery methods based on the means of increasing drug permeation, and it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and techniques associated with these methods. In addition, recent advancements in the application of skin-mediated drug delivery are presented. The review also outlines the limitations of ongoing research and suggests future perspectives of studies regarding the skin-mediated delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Lee
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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19
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Patel M, Patel A, Desai J, Patel S. Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Novel Dermatological Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:46. [PMID: 38413430 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel formulations are developed for dermatological applications to address a wide range of patient needs and therapeutic challenges. By pushing the limits of pharmaceutical technology, these formulations strive to provide safer, more effective, and patient-friendly solutions for dermatological concerns, ultimately improving the overall quality of dermatological care. The article explores the different types of novel dermatological formulations, including nanocarriers, transdermal patches, microsponges, and microneedles, and the techniques involved in the cutaneous pharmacokinetics of these innovative formulations. Furthermore, the significance of knowing cutaneous pharmacokinetics and the difficulties faced during pharmacokinetic assessment have been emphasized. The article examines all the methods employed for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel dermatological formulations. In addition to a concise overview of earlier techniques, discussions on novel methodologies, including tape stripping, in vitro permeation testing, cutaneous microdialysis, confocal Raman microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry have been conducted. Emerging technologies like the use of microfluidic devices for skin absorption studies and computational models for predicting drug pharmacokinetics have also been discussed. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and pharmaceutical professionals determined to enhance the development and understanding of novel dermatological drug products and the complex dynamics of cutaneous pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Research & Development Cell, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ashwini Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna School of Pharmacy & Research, Drs. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University, Vadodara, 391243, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagruti Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Swayamprakash Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388 421, Gujarat, India
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20
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Folle C, Díaz-Garrido N, Mallandrich M, Suñer-Carbó J, Sánchez-López E, Halbaut L, Marqués AM, Espina M, Badia J, Baldoma L, Calpena AC, García ML. Hydrogel of Thyme-Oil-PLGA Nanoparticles Designed for Skin Inflammation Treatment. Gels 2024; 10:149. [PMID: 38391479 PMCID: PMC10887549 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyme oil (THO) possesses excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties which are suitable for skin inflammatory disorders such as acne vulgaris. However, THO is insoluble in water and its components are highly volatile. Therefore, these drawbacks may be overcome by its encapsulation in biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles (THO-NPs) that had been functionalized using several strategies. Moreover, cell viability was studied in HaCat cells, confirming their safety. In order to assess therapeutic efficacy against acne, bacterial reduction capacity and antioxidant properties were assessed. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing abilities of THO-NPs were also confirmed. Additionally, ex vivo antioxidant assessment was carried out using pig skin, demonstrating the suitable antioxidant properties of THO-NPs. Moreover, THO and THO-NPs were dispersed in a gelling system, and stability, rheological properties, and extensibility were assessed. Finally, the biomechanical properties of THO-hydrogel and THO-NP-hydrogel were studied in human volunteers, confirming the suitable activity for the treatment of acne. As a conclusion, THO has been encapsulated into PLGA NPs, and in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assessments had been carried out, demonstrating excellent properties for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Folle
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Marqués
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Chang Z, Wu Y, Hu P, Jiang J, Quan G, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. The Necessity to Investigate In Vivo Fate of Nanoparticle-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:286. [PMID: 38399340 PMCID: PMC10892231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems are rapidly gaining prominence and have found widespread application in the treatment of numerous diseases. However, they encounter the challenge of a low transdermal absorption rate. Microneedles can overcome the stratum corneum barrier to enhance the transdermal absorption rate. Among various types of microneedles, nanoparticle-loaded dissolving microneedles (DMNs) present a unique combination of advantages, leveraging the strengths of DMNs (high payload, good mechanical properties, and easy fabrication) and nanocarriers (satisfactory solubilization capacity and a controlled release profile). Consequently, they hold considerable clinical application potential in the precision medicine era. Despite this promise, no nanoparticle-loaded DMN products have been approved thus far. The lack of understanding regarding their in vivo fate represents a critical bottleneck impeding the clinical translation of relevant products. This review aims to elucidate the current research status of the in vivo fate of nanoparticle-loaded DMNs and elaborate the necessity to investigate the in vivo fate of nanoparticle-loaded DMNs from diverse aspects. Furthermore, it offers insights into potential entry points for research into the in vivo fate of nanoparticle-loaded DMNs, aiming to foster further advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.P.)
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.P.)
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhuang Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.P.)
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
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22
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Antony A, Raju G, Job A, Joshi M, Shankarappa S. Penetration of topically applied polymeric nanoparticles across the epidermis of thick skin from rat. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:025030. [PMID: 38316040 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The barrier function of the epidermis poses a significant challenge to nanoparticle-mediated topical delivery. A key factor in this barrier function is the thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) layer within the epidermis, which varies across different anatomical sites. The epidermis from the palms and soles, for instance, have thicker SC compared to those from other areas. Previous studies have attempted to bypass the SC layer for nanoparticle penetration by using physical disruption; however, these studies have mostly focused on non-thick skin. In this study, we investigate the role of SC-disrupting mechano-physical strategies (tape-stripping and microneedle abrasion) on thick and thin skin, in allowing transdermal penetration of topically applied nanoparticles using an ex-vivo skin model from rat. Our findings show that tape-stripping reduced the overall thickness of SC in thick skin by 87%, from 67.4 ± 17.3μm to 8.2 ± 8.5μm, whereas it reduced thin skin SC by only 38%, from 9.9 ± 0.6μm to 6.2 ± 3.2μm. Compared to non-thick skin, SC disruption in thick skin resulted in higher nanoparticle diffusion. Tape-stripping effectively reduces SC thickness of thick skin and can be potentially utilized for enhanced penetration of topically applied nanoparticles in skin conditions that affect thick skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antony
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Raju
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Ahina Job
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, Kerala, India
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
| | - Meet Joshi
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Sahadev Shankarappa
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi - 682041, Kerala, India
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, 560054, India
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23
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Limenh LW. Advances in the transdermal delivery of antiretroviral drugs. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231223600. [PMID: 38249942 PMCID: PMC10798114 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231223600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy regimens are successful in stopping the advancement of human immunodeficiency virus infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and other opportunistic infections. However, they do have significant disadvantages, including long-term treatment, limited oral bioavailability, inaccessibility to organs, non-adherence by patients, and the development of medication resistance. Because of the listed drawbacks of available routes and the availability of curative medicines for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, advanced solutions are required. Antiretroviral therapy transdermal delivery is one of the current strategies that have attracted much attention from many researchers. In this narrative review, various in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo transdermal antiretroviral therapy delivery strategies were reviewed, such as transdermal patches and films, lipid-based nano-delivery systems, microneedles, chemical penetration enhancers, and iontophoresis, which showed promising results. Although the majority of studies on Antiretroviral transdermal delivery have produced hopeful findings, additional in-depth research on passive and physical enhancement techniques, both existing and new, is necessary to fully understand the potential of this route and to make it accessible to human immunodeficiency virus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liknaw Workie Limenh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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24
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Kang JH, Kim J, Lee JY, Kang D, Kim HJ, Kim K, Jeong WJ. Self-Assembled Skin-Penetrating Peptides with Controlled Supramolecular Properties for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:436-443. [PMID: 38146913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers decorated with penetration-enhancing agents (PEAs) is considered to be a promising approach for efficient transdermal delivery. In this study, we developed short amphiphilic skin-penetrating peptides (17 amino acids) that functioned not only as PEAs but also as building blocks of nanocarriers without the incorporation of additional macromolecules for self-assembly and guest molecule encapsulation. Interestingly, varying only two amino acids in the hydrophobic moiety of the peptides resulted in significantly different self-assembly behavior, thermal stability, protease resistance, and skin-penetration efficiency in a human skin model. The analysis of the peptide secondary structure revealed that such characteristic changes arose due to the sequence variation-mediated conformational change in the hydrophobic block. These findings hold significant promise for the development of simple and effective delivery systems exhibiting controllable supramolecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeon Hyeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - DongHyun Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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25
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Sghier K, Mur M, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC, Pires PC. Novel Therapeutic Hybrid Systems Using Hydrogels and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Nanoemulgels for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. Gels 2024; 10:45. [PMID: 38247768 PMCID: PMC10815052 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical and transdermal drug delivery are advantageous administration routes, especially when treating diseases and conditions with a skin etiology. Nevertheless, conventional dosage forms often lead to low therapeutic efficacy, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. To tackle these issues, novel topical and transdermal platforms involving nanotechnology have been developed. This review focuses on the latest advances regarding the development of nanoemulgels for skin application, encapsulating a wide variety of molecules, including already marketed drugs (miconazole, ketoconazole, fusidic acid, imiquimod, meloxicam), repurposed marketed drugs (atorvastatin, omeprazole, leflunomide), natural-derived compounds (eucalyptol, naringenin, thymoquinone, curcumin, chrysin, brucine, capsaicin), and other synthetic molecules (ebselen, tocotrienols, retinyl palmitate), for wound healing, skin and skin appendage infections, skin inflammatory diseases, skin cancer, neuropathy, or anti-aging purposes. Developed formulations revealed adequate droplet size, PDI, viscosity, spreadability, pH, stability, drug release, and drug permeation and/or retention capacity, having more advantageous characteristics than current marketed formulations. In vitro and/or in vivo studies established the safety and efficacy of the developed formulations, confirming their therapeutic potential, and making them promising platforms for the replacement of current therapies, or as possible adjuvant treatments, which might someday effectively reach the market to help fight highly incident skin or systemic diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sghier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého tř. 1946, Brno-Královo Pole, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Mur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Mahajan A, Sharma G, Thakur A, Singh B, Mehta H, Mittal N, Dogra S, Katare OP. Tofacitinib in dermatology: a potential opportunity for topical applicability through novel drug-delivery systems. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:79-101. [PMID: 38197372 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib is a first-generation JAK inhibitor approved by the US FDA for treating rheumatoid arthritis. It exhibits a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect with abilities to block JAK-STAT signalling. The primary objective of this review is to obtain knowledge about cutting-edge methods for effectively treating a variety of skin problems by including tofacitinib into formulations that are based on nanocarriers. The review also highlights clinical trials and offers an update on published clinical patents. Nanocarriers provide superior performance compared to conventional treatments in terms of efficacy, stability, drug bioavailability, target selectivity and sustained drug release. Current review has the potential to make significant contributions to the ongoing discussion involving dermatological treatments and the prospective impact of nanotechnology on transforming healthcare within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mahajan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anil Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Hitaishi Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Neeraj Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - O P Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Abu-Huwaij R, Zidan AN. Unlocking the potential of cosmetic dermal delivery with ethosomes: A comprehensive review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:17-26. [PMID: 37393573 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a world where hair loss, acne, and skin whitening are common concerns, ethosomes emerge as a captivating breakthrough in cosmetic drug delivery. METHOD This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ethosomal system and assesses its potential as an effective nanocarrier for delivering active ingredients to the skin. The focus is on exploring their applications in various pathologies, particularly skin disorders such as acne, hair loss, and skin pigmentation. RESULTS Ethosomes are a novel type of vesicular nanocarrier composed of high concentrations of ethanol (20-45%) and phospholipids. Their unique structure and composition make them an ideal choice for transporting active ingredients through the skin, offering targeted and effective treatment. The inclusion of ethanol in ethosomes' composition gives them distinctive properties, including flexibility, deformability, and stability, facilitating deep penetration into the skin and enhancing medication deposition. Moreover, ethosomes improved theoverall drug-loading capacity, and specificity of target treatment CONCLUSION: Ethosomes represent a unique and suitable approach for delivering active cosmetic ingredients in the treatment of hair loss, acne, and skin whitening, presenting a versatile alternative to traditional dermal delivery systems. Despite the challenges associated with their complex preparation and sensitivity to temperature and humidity, the remarkable potential benefits of ethosomes cannot be ignored. Further research is crucial to unlock their full potential, understand their limitations, and refine their formulations and administration methods. Ethosomes hold the promise of transforming the way we address these cosmetic concerns, offering an exciting glimpse into the future of advanced skincare solutions.
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28
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Miretti M, Prucca CG, Baumgartner MT, Martinelli M. Combining ZnPc-liposomes and chitosan on a hybrid matrix for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127544. [PMID: 37866570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment for several pathologies, including cancer. This therapy uses a photosensitizer capable of producing reactive oxygen species through irradiation, promoting cellular death. A limitation of photosensitizers is their low solubility in aqueous media. Hence, developing a suitable carrier for photosensitizers for specific applications is a challenge. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and photodynamic therapy could be an attractive alternative therapeutic approach. In this work, we synthesized films composed of chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and liposomes containing Zn-phthalocyanine. Photophysical characterization of ZnPc incorporated into films was determined by UV-vis and fluorescence. Film properties such as swelling, mechanical properties, and water vapor permeability were performed. Finally, in vitro, photodynamic evaluation of these films was performed on HeLa cells. The results indicate that incorporating Zn-Pc-liposomes into films decreases cell viability by >95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Miretti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de investigación y desarrollo en ingenieria de procesos y quimica aplicada (IPQA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - César G Prucca
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María T Baumgartner
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Martinelli
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de investigación y desarrollo en ingenieria de procesos y quimica aplicada (IPQA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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29
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Bonet IJM, Araldi D, Green PG, Levine JD. Topical coapplication of hyaluronan with transdermal drug delivery enhancers attenuates inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pain 2023; 164:2653-2664. [PMID: 37467181 PMCID: PMC10794581 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We have previously shown that intradermal injection of high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (500-1200 kDa) produces localized antihyperalgesia in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In the present experiments, we studied the therapeutic effect of topical hyaluronan, when combined with each of 3 transdermal drug delivery enhancers (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], protamine or terpene), in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Topical application of 500 to 1200 kDa hyaluronan (the molecular weight range used in our previous studies employing intradermal administration), dissolved in 75% DMSO in saline, markedly reduced prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) hyperalgesia, in male and female rats. Although topical 500- to 1200-kDa hyaluronan in DMSO vehicle dose dependently, also markedly, attenuated oxaliplatin chemotherapy-and paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in male rats, it lacked efficacy in female rats. However, following ovariectomy or intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA, CIPN in female rats was now attenuated by topical hyaluronan. Although topical coadministration of 150 to 300, 300 to 500, or 1500 to 1750 kDa hyaluronan with DMSO also attenuated CIPN, a slightly lower-molecular-weight hyaluronan (70-120 kDa) did not. The topical administration of a combination of hyaluronan with 2 other transdermal drug delivery enhancers, protamine and terpene, also attenuated CIPN hyperalgesia, an effect that was more prolonged than with DMSO vehicle. Repeated administration of topical hyaluronan prolonged the duration of antihyperalgesia. Our results support the use of topical hyaluronan, combined with chemically diverse nontoxic skin penetration enhancers, to induce marked antihyperalgesia in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J. M. Bonet
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul G. Green
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Departments of Preventative & Restorative Dental Sciences and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Albratty M. Design, optimization, and characterization of Althaea officinalis-loaded transliposomes for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a Box Behnken Design, in vitro, and ex vivo study. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2356-2375. [PMID: 37622439 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2247879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A chronic skin disorder called atopic dermatitis (AD) is brought on by the deterioration of the skin's barrier function marked by inflammation, dryness, and bacterial infection along with immunological changes. Althaea officinalis (AO), known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, has been explored as a potential treatment for AD. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel transliposomes (TL) formulation containing AO for AD treatment. Using rotary evaporation, AO-TL formulations were created and optimized employing Box Behnken Design. The optimized AO-TL formulation showed consistent characteristics: vesicle size of 145.8 nm, polydispersity index of 0.201, zeta potential of -28.22 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 86.21%. TEM imaging shows the spherical shapes of the vesicle. These findings demonstrate the formulation's stability and ability to encapsulate AO effectively. In vitro drug release studies revealed that the AO-TL formulation released 81.28% of the drug, outperforming conventional AO dispersion (56.80%). Additionally, when applied to rat skin, the TL gel demonstrated deeper penetration (30 μm) in comparison to the standard solution (5.0 μm) based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ex vivo and dermatokinetics studies showed improved penetration of drug-loaded transliposomes gel in rat skin than the conventional AO gel. Overall, the optimized AO-TL formulation offers promising characteristics and performance for the topical treatment of AD. Its drug release, antioxidant activity, and deeper penetration suggest enhanced therapeutic effects. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Marto J, Simões S. New Horizons in Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1654. [PMID: 38139781 PMCID: PMC10748041 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal and transdermal drug delivery represents an important strategy to target drugs towards the site of action or to noninvasively enhance treatment activity, circumventing the hepatic first passage and reducing toxicity [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Hasan M, Khatun A, Kogure K. Intradermal Delivery of Naked mRNA Vaccines via Iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2678. [PMID: 38140019 PMCID: PMC10747697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against infectious diseases and for anticancer immunotherapy have garnered considerable attention. Currently, mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles are administrated via intramuscular injection using a needle. However, such administration is associated with pain, needle phobia, and lack of patient compliance. Furthermore, side effects such as fever and anaphylaxis associated with the lipid nanoparticle components are also serious problems. Therefore, noninvasive, painless administration of mRNA vaccines that do not contain other problematic components is highly desirable. Antigen-presenting cells reside in the epidermis and dermis, making the skin an attractive vaccination site. Iontophoresis (ItP) uses weak electric current applied to the skin surface and offers a noninvasive permeation technology that enables intradermal delivery of hydrophilic and ionic substances. ItP-mediated intradermal delivery of biological macromolecules has also been studied. Herein, we review the literature on the use of ItP technology for intradermal delivery of naked mRNA vaccines which is expected to overcome the challenges associated with mRNA vaccination. In addition to the physical mechanism, we discuss novel biological mechanisms of iontophoresis, particularly ItP-mediated opening of the skin barriers and the intracellular uptake pathway, and how the combined mechanisms can allow for effective intradermal delivery of mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Anowara Khatun
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Kim S, Day CM, Song Y, Holmes A, Garg S. Innovative Topical Patches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Current Challenges and Key Formulation Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2577. [PMID: 38004557 PMCID: PMC10674480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, with approximately 6.3 million new cases worldwide in 2019. One of the key management strategies for NMSC is a topical treatment usually utilised for localised and early-stage disease owing to its non-invasive nature. However, the efficacy of topical agents is often hindered by poor drug penetration and patient adherence. Therefore, various research groups have employed advanced drug delivery systems, including topical patches to overcome the problem of conventional topical treatments. This review begins with an overview of NMSC as well as the current landscape of topical treatments for NMSC, specifically focusing on the emerging technology of topical patches. A detailed discussion of their potential to overcome the limitations of existing therapies will then follow. Most importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this work unprecedentedly combines and discusses all the current advancements in innovative topical patches for the treatment of NMSC. In addition to this, the authors present our insights into the key considerations and emerging trends in the construction of these advanced topical patches. This review is meant for researchers and clinicians to consider utilising advanced topical patch systems in research and clinical trials toward localised interventions of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.K.); (C.M.D.); (Y.S.); (A.H.)
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Qian J, Guo Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Chen J, Wu X. Combination of micelles and liposomes as a promising drug delivery system: a review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2767-2789. [PMID: 37278964 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among various nanocarriers, liposomes, and micelles are relatively mature drug delivery systems with the advantages of prolonging drug half-life, reducing toxicity, and improving efficacy. However, both have problems, such as poor stability and insufficient targeting. To further exploit the excellent properties of micelles and liposomes and avoid their shortcomings, researchers have developed new drug delivery systems by combining the two and making use of their respective advantages to achieve the goals of increasing the drug loading capacity, multiple targeting, and multiple drug delivery. The results have demonstrated that this new combination approach is a very promising delivery platform. In this paper, we review the combination strategies, preparation methods, and applications of micelles and liposomes to introduce the research progress, advantages, and challenges of composite carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yankun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Organization Department, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youfa Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Chuang FJ, Wang YW, Chang LR, Chang CY, Cheng HY, Kuo SM. Enhanced skin neocollagenesis through the transdermal delivery of poly-L-lactic acid microparticles by using a needle-free supersonic atomizer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213619. [PMID: 37703788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a spindle-type nozzle was designed to accelerate poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) microparticles to supersonic velocities for the transdermal delivery of these microparticles to rats. This approach is needle- and pain-free and enhances skin collagen regeneration. The addition of PLLA microparticles at a concentration of 2 mg/mL did not hinder the growth of 3 T3 fibroblasts and Raw264.7 macrophages. The TNF-α assay revealed no obvious inflammation effect of PLLA microparticles at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. A time-lapse recording revealed that after being cocultured with PLLA microparticles for 24 h, Raw264.7 macrophages gradually approached and surrounded the PLLA microparticles. When 3 T3 fibroblasts were cocultured with Raw264.7 macrophages, which were stimulated using PLLA microparticles, collagen synthesis was increased by approximately 60 % compared with that in samples without PLLA microparticles. In vivo animal experiments indicated that after the transdermal delivery of 10 shots of PLLA microparticles through the supersonic atomizer, no obvious changes or damage to the back skin of Sprague-Dawley rats was observed. More importantly, numerous PLLA microparticles penetrated the rat epidermis into the dermal layer. We found macrophages and fibroblasts present close to the PLLA microparticles. Moreover, only mild or no inflammation reaction was observed. Masson staining revealed that after 6-week implantation, 6 % and 12 % of PLLA microparticles significantly stimulated collagen regeneration in 6-week-old and 32-week-old rats. In addition, picrosirius red staining revealed a significant increase in collagen regeneration, especially for type III collagen, following the 6-week implantation of PLLA microparticles. In summary, this study demonstrated an easy, pain-free, nondestructive approach for introducing PLLA microparticles into the dermal layer by using a supersonic atomizer to stimulate collagen regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ju Chuang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ren Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Ying Cheng
- Indigenous Program of the College of Tourism and Hospitality, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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36
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Ko J, Lee MJ, Jeong W, Choi S, Shin E, An YH, Kim HJ, Lee UJ, Kim BG, Kwak SY, Hwang NS. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Guided Topical Skin Delivery of Tyrosinase to Prevent Photoinduced Damage. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20473-20491. [PMID: 37793020 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV), it leads to the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and results in inflammation. Subsequently, melanocytes are triggered to induce tyrosinase-mediated melanin synthesis, protecting the skin. Here, we introduce a proactive approach to protect the skin from photodamage via the topical delivery of Streptomyces avermitilis-derived tyrosinase (SaTy) using single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). Utilizing a reverse electrodialysis (RED) battery, we facilitated the delivery of SaTy-SWNT complexes up to depths of approximately 300 μm, as analyzed by using confocal Raman microscopy. When applied to ex vivo porcine skin and in vivo albino mouse skin, SaTy-SWNT synthesized melanin, resulting in 4-fold greater UV/vis absorption at 475 nm than in mice without SaTy-SWNT. The synthesized melanin efficiently absorbed UV light and alleviated skin inflammation. In addition, the densification of dermal collagen, achieved through SaTy-mediated cross-linking, reduced photoinduced wrinkles by 66.3% in the affected area. Our findings suggest that SWNT-mediated topical protein delivery holds promise in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk-Jae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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37
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Won Lee J, Kyu Shim M, Kim H, Jang H, Lee Y, Hwa Kim S. RNAi therapies: Expanding applications for extrahepatic diseases and overcoming delivery challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115073. [PMID: 37657644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The era of RNA medicine has become a reality with the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 and the approval of several RNA interference (RNAi) agents in recent years. Particularly, therapeutics based on RNAi offer the promise of targeting intractable and previously undruggable disease genes. Recent advances have focused in developing delivery systems to enhance the poor cellular uptake and insufficient pharmacokinetic properties of RNAi therapeutics and thereby improve its efficacy and safety. However, such approach has been mainly achieved via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or chemical conjugation with N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), thus current RNAi therapy has been limited to liver diseases, most likely to encounter liver-targeting limitations. Hence, there is a huge unmet medical need for intense evolution of RNAi therapeutics delivery systems to target extrahepatic tissues and ultimately extend their indications for treating various intractable diseases. In this review, challenges of delivering RNAi therapeutics to tumors and major organs are discussed, as well as their transition to clinical trials. This review also highlights innovative and promising preclinical RNAi-based delivery platforms for the treatment of extrahepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochung Jang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation & Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Abd-Alaziz DM, Mansour M, Nasr M, Sammour OA. Spanethosomes as a novel topical carrier for silymarin in contrast to conventional spanlastics: Formulation development, in vitro and ex vivo evaluation for potential treatment of leishmaniasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 88:104887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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39
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Mitropoulos AC, Pappa C, Kosheleva RI, Kyzas GZ. The Effect of Nanobubbles on Transdermal Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2600. [PMID: 37764629 PMCID: PMC10537258 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a new method for dermal delivery using nanobubbles (NBs) is investigated. Oxygen NBs are generated in deionized water and used to produce cosmetic formulations with hyaluronic acid as an active ingredient. Nanobubbles result in the improvement of the effect and penetration of the active ingredient through Strat-M, a synthetic membrane that resembles human skin. Experiments conducted with the Franz Cell device confirm the greater penetration of the active ingredient into Strat-M due to NBs, compared to cosmetic formulations that do not contain NBs. The effect of NBs was further examined by measuring UV-Vis and FTIR spectra. A possible mechanism was outlined, too. It was also found that NBs do not change the pH or the FTIR spectrum of the cosmetic serum indicating non-toxicity.
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40
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Matos BN, Lima AL, Cardoso CO, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM. Follicle-Targeted Delivery of Betamethasone and Minoxidil Co-Entrapped in Polymeric and Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Alopecia Areata Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1322. [PMID: 37765130 PMCID: PMC10534685 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is managed with oral corticosteroids, which has known side effects for patients. Given that a topical application of formulations containing a corticoid and a substance controlling hair loss progression could reduce or eliminate such adverse effects and increase the patient's adherence to the treatment, this study prepares polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles (PNPs and NLCs) to co-entrap minoxidil and betamethasone and compares the follicular drug delivery provided by topical application of these nanoparticles. The prepared PNPs loaded 99.1 ± 13.0% minoxidil and 70.2 ± 12.8% betamethasone, while the NLCs entrapped 99.4 ± 0.1 minoxidil and 80.7 ± 0.1% betamethasone. PNPs and NLCs presented diameters in the same range, varying from 414 ± 10 nm to 567 ± 30 nm. The thermal analysis revealed that the production conditions favor the solubilization of the drugs in the nanoparticles, preserving their stability. In in vitro permeation studies with porcine skin, PNPs provided a 2.6-fold increase in minoxidil penetration into the follicular casts compared to the control and no remarkable difference in terms of betamethasone; in contrast, NLCs provided a significant (specifically, a tenfold) increase in minoxidil penetration into the hair follicles compared to the control, and they delivered higher concentrations of betamethasone in hair follicles than both PNPs and the control. Neither PNPs nor NLCs promoted transdermal permeation of the drugs to the receptor solution, which should favor a topical therapy. Furthermore, both nanoparticles targeted approximately 50% of minoxidil delivery to the follicular casts and NLCs targeted 74% of betamethasone delivery to the hair follicles. In conclusion, PNPs and NLCs are promising drug delivery systems for enhancing follicular targeting of drugs, but NLCs showed superior performance for lipophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno N. Matos
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (A.L.L.); (C.O.C.); (M.C.-F.); (T.G.)
| | - Ana Luiza Lima
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (A.L.L.); (C.O.C.); (M.C.-F.); (T.G.)
| | - Camila O. Cardoso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (A.L.L.); (C.O.C.); (M.C.-F.); (T.G.)
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (A.L.L.); (C.O.C.); (M.C.-F.); (T.G.)
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (A.L.L.); (C.O.C.); (M.C.-F.); (T.G.)
| | - Guilherme M. Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (A.L.L.); (C.O.C.); (M.C.-F.); (T.G.)
- School of Heath Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, Sharma G, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH. Superficial Dermatophytosis across the World's Populations: Potential Benefits from Nanocarrier-Based Therapies and Rising Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31575-31599. [PMID: 37692246 PMCID: PMC10483660 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent infection in the world is dermatophytosis, which is a major issue with high recurrence and can affect the entire body including the skin, hair, and nails. The major goal of this Review is to acquire knowledge about cutting-edge approaches for treating dermatophytosis efficiently by adding antifungals to formulations based on nanocarriers in order to overcome the shortcomings of standard treatment methods. Updates on nanosystems and research developments on animal and clinical investigations are also presented. Along with the currently licensed formulations, the investigation also emphasizes novel therapies and existing therapeutic alternatives that can be used to control dermatophytosis. The Review also summarizes recent developments on the prevalence, management approaches, and disadvantages of standard dosage types. There are a number of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dermatophytosis that have good clinical cure rates but also drawbacks such as antifungal drug resistance and unfavorable side effects. To improve therapeutic activity and get around the drawbacks of the traditional therapy approaches for dermatophytosis, efforts have been described in recent years to combine several antifungal drugs into new carriers. These formulations have been successful in providing improved antifungal activity, longer drug retention, improved effectiveness, higher skin penetration, and sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Keshwania
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Sun LF, Li MM, Chen Y, Lu WJ, Zhang Q, Wang N, Fang WY, Gao S, Chen SQ, Hu RF. pH/enzyme dual sensitive Gegenqinlian pellets coated with Bletilla striata polysaccharide membranes for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113453. [PMID: 37454443 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction, derived from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Typhoid Fever, has been widely used in the treatment of various common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and difficult and complicated diseases, such as ulcerative colitis. In this study, Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) was innovatively used as a film coating material to prepare Gegen Qinlian pellets with dual sensitivity of pH enzyme for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. BSP has the ability to repair the inflamed colon mucosa and can produce synergistic effects, while avoiding the adverse therapeutic effects caused by the early release of drugs from a single pH-sensitive pellets in the small intestine. The prepared pellets have a uniform particle size, good roundness, a particle size range from 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, and a particle yield is 85.6 %. The results of in vitro release showed that ES-BSP pellets hardly released drugs in the pH range of 1.2-6.8. However, in the colon mimic fluid containing specific enzymes, the drug release was significantly accelerated, demonstrating the sensitivity of the pellets to pH enzymes. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of small animals showed that Gegen Qinlian pellets with dual sensitivity of pH enzyme remained longer in the colon compared with pH-sensitive pellets. In vivo pharmacodynamics study showed that the Gegen Qinlian pellets with dual sensitivity of pH enzyme had a better therapeutic effect in the rat model of the ulcerative colon than the commercially available Gegenqinlian pellets in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Feng Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Man Man Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Wen Jie Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Wen You Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Song Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Sheng Qi Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
| | - Rong Feng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine ,the Ministry of Education Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.; Plant Active Peptide Function Food Innovative Manufacturing Industry Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China.
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Babaie S, Charkhpour M, Kouhsoltani M, Hamishehkar H, Paiva-Santos AC. Nano-invasomes for simultaneous topical delivery of buprenorphine and bupivacaine for dermal analgesia. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1459-1467. [PMID: 37283479 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Opioid and local anaesthetic receptors are abundantly concentrated in different layers of the skin. Therefore, simultaneous targeting of these receptors can produce more potent dermal anaesthesia. Herein, we developed lipid-based nanovesicles for the co-delivery of buprenorphine and bupivacaine to efficiently target skin-concentrated pain receptors. Invasomes incorporating two drugs were prepared by ethanol injection method. Subsequently, the size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, and in-vitro drug release of vesicles were characterized. Ex-vivo penetration features of vesicles were then investigated by the franz diffusion cell on the full-thickness human skin. Wherein, it was demonstrated that invasomes penetrated the skin deeper and delivered bupivacaine more effectively than buprenorphine to the target site. The superiority of invasome penetration was further evidenced by the results of ex-vivo fluorescent dye tracking. Estimation of in-vivo pain responses by the tail-flick test revealed that compared with the liposomal group, the group receiving invasomal formulation and drug-free invasomal formulation (only containing menthol) displayed increased analgesia in the initial times of 5 and 10 min. Also, no signs of oedema or erythema were observed in the Daze test in any of the rats receiving the invasome formulation. Finally, ex-vivo and in-vivo assays demonstrated efficiency in delivering both drugs into deeper layers of skin and exposing them to the located pain receptors, which improves the time of onset and the analgesic effects. Hence, this formulation appears to be a promising candidate for tremendous development in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Charkhpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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44
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Pereira MN, Nogueira LL, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM. Methodologies to Evaluate the Hair Follicle-Targeted Drug Delivery Provided by Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2002. [PMID: 37514188 PMCID: PMC10383440 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been investigated for treatments of hair follicle disorders mainly because of the natural accumulation of solid nanoparticles in the follicular openings following a topical application, which provides a drug "targeting effect". Despite the promising results regarding the therapeutic efficacy of topically applied nanoparticles, the literature has often presented controversial results regarding the targeting of hair follicle potential of nanoformulations. A closer look at the published works shows that study parameters such as the type of skin model, skin sections analyzed, employed controls, or even the extraction methodologies differ to a great extent among the studies, producing either unreliable results or precluding comparisons altogether. Hence, the present study proposes to review different skin models and methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of follicular penetration of nano-entrapped drugs and their influence on the obtained results, as a way of providing more coherent study protocols for the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra N Pereira
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luma L Nogueira
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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45
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Kumar R, Sinha VR, Dahiya L, Sarwal A. Preclinical Investigation of Transdermal Route for Enhanced Bio-performance of Duloxetine HCl. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:154. [PMID: 37466741 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and optimise drug-in-adhesive (DIA) transdermal patch of duloxetine HCl for enhanced drug delivery. DIA patch so developed reduced the dose and dosing frequency by enhancing bio-performance of the drug. A transdermal DIA patch having Duro-Tak 87-2287 as DIA polymer and Transcutol P as permeation enhancer loaded with 40% drug previously complexed with MeβCD duly characterised (FTIR, DSC, and SEM) was developed for in vivo study. Pharmacokinetic parameters of developed formulation were assessed and compared with oral route of administration. Among various permeation enhancers (PEs), Transcutol P exhibited most enhanced permeation (ER ≈ 1.99) in terms of flux and Q24 compared to control group having. Mean of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under time-concentration curve (AUC0-72) in Wistar rats (n = 6) for transdermal patch (10 mg/kg) was found to be 70.31 ± 11.2 ng/ml and 2997.29 ± 387.4 ng/ml*h, respectively, and were considerably higher than oral dose of DLX (20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). Albeit, T1/2 was higher in case of transdermal delivery, but this was due to sustained behaviour of delivery system. These findings highlight the significance of both inclusion complexation and transdermal delivery of DLX using DIA patch for efficient drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran-140307, Mohali, India.
| | - V R Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Lalita Dahiya
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India
| | - Amita Sarwal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.
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Tsai MJ, Lin CY, Trousil J, Sung CT, Lee MH, Fang JY, Yang SC. Proteinase K/Retinoic Acid-Loaded Cationic Liposomes as Multifunctional Anti-Acne Therapy to Disorganize Biofilm and Regulate Keratinocyte Proliferation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3879-3896. [PMID: 37483315 PMCID: PMC10361279 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Simultaneous anti-Cutibacterium acnes and anti-inflammatory actions are highly beneficial in treating acne vulgaris. In this study, we present novel anti-acne nanovesicles based on liposomes loaded with proteinase K (PK), retinoic acid (RA), and soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) to achieve an effective and safe treatment. Materials and Methods This study examined in vitro planktonic and biofilm C. acnes elimination, as well as the keratinocyte proliferation suppression by liposomes. The multifunctional liposomes for treating C. acnes in mice were also evaluated. Results We acquired multifunctional liposomes with a size of 71 nm and zeta potential of 31 mV. The antimicrobial activity of SME was enhanced after liposomal encapsulation according to the reduction of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by 6-fold. The multifunctional liposomes exhibited a synergistically inhibitory effect on biofilm C. acnes colonization compared with the liposomes containing PK or those containing SME individually. The adhesive bacterial colony in the microplate was lessened by 62% after multifunctional liposome intervention. All liposomal formulations tested here demonstrated no cytotoxicity against the normal keratinocytes but inhibited C. acnes-stimulated cell hyperproliferation. The in vitro scratch assay indicated that the liposomal RA-but not free RA-restrained keratinocyte migration. The animal study showed that free RA combined with SME and multifunctional nanovesicles had a similar effect on diminishing C. acnes colonies in the skin. On the other hand, liposomes exhibited superior performance in recovering the impaired skin barrier function than the free control. We also found that RA-loaded nanovesicles had greater skin tolerability than free RA. Conclusion The cationic liposomes containing dual PK and RA represented a potential treatment to arrest bacterial infection and associated inflammation in acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Jhong Siao Urological Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Calvin T Sung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Lee
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu W, Luo D, Chen D, Zhang S, Chen X, Zhou H, Liu Q, Chen S, Liu W. Systematic Study of Paeonol/Madecassoside Co-Delivery Nanoemulsion Transdermal Delivery System for Enhancing Barrier Repair and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5275. [PMID: 37446936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin is defined as skin with low tolerance and high reactivity. Natural products, such as paeoniflorin and madecassoside, have unique skin care functionality. However, because they are hampered by the skin barrier, paeoniflorin and madecassoside have difficulty penetrating the stratum corneum, resulting in weakened skin barrier repair and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, there is a lack of detailed studies on the efficacy of paeonol and madecassic in human skin, especially in 3D skin models and clinical trials. To overcome the low transdermal delivery issue, we developed nanoemulsions (PM-NEs) loaded with paeonol and madecassoside to improve their delivery efficiency and promote sensitive skin repair and anti-inflammation effects. Furthermore, systematic evaluations of the efficacy in cell line models, 3D skin models, and clinical trials were conducted. The PM-NEs effectively improved the efficacy of paeonol and madecassoside glucoside transdermal penetration and retention and enhanced cellular uptake. Cellular assays and 3D epidermal models showed that the PM-NEs significantly promoted the secretion of filamentous protein, aquaporin 3, Claudin-1, and hyaluronic acid, and considerably inhibited the secretion of interleukin 1α, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 compared to free components. Notably, clinical trial data showed that the PM-NEs significantly reduced transepidermal water loss, a* values, erythropoietin, the amount of non-inflammatory acne, and the amount of inflammatory acne in the facial skin. Three levels of systematic studies suggest that co-delivery of paeoniflorin and madecassoside via nanoemulsions is a promising strategy to improve topical delivery efficiency and anti-inflammatory repair efficacy in sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Lu
- Guangzhou Jiyan Cosmetics Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Dan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangzhou Jiyan Cosmetics Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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48
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Abdallah MH, Abu Lila AS, El-Nahas HM, Ibrahim TM. Optimization of Potential Nanoemulgels for Boosting Transdermal Glimepiride Delivery and Upgrading Its Anti-Diabetic Activity. Gels 2023; 9:494. [PMID: 37367164 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery has been widely adopted as a plausible alternative to the oral route of administration, especially for drugs with poor systemic bioavailability. The objective of this study was to design and validate a nanoemulsion (NE) system for transdermal administration of the oral hypoglycemic drug glimepiride (GM). The NEs were prepared using peppermint/bergamot oils as the oil phase and tween 80/transcutol P as the surfactant/co-surfactant mixture (Smix). The formulations were characterized using various parameters such as globule size, zeta potential, surface morphology, in vitro drug release, drug-excipient compatibility studies, and thermodynamic stability. The optimized NE formulation was then incorporated into different gel bases and examined for gel strength, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The selected drug-loaded nanoemulgel formulation was then screened for ex vivo permeation, skin irritation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Characterization studies revealed the spherical shape of NE droplets with an average size of ~80 nm and a zeta potential of -11.8 mV, which indicated good electrokinetic stability of NE. In vitro release studies revealed enhanced drug release from the NE formulation compared to the plain drug. GM-loaded nanoemulgel showed a 7-fold increment in drug transdermal flux compared to plain drug gel. In addition, the GM-loaded nanoemulgel formulation did not elicit any signs of inflammation and/or irritation on the applied skin, suggesting its safety. Most importantly, the in vivo pharmacokinetic study emphasized the potential of nanoemulgel formulation to potentiate the systemic bioavailability of GM, as manifested by a 10-fold rise in the relative bioavailability compared to control gel. Collectively, transdermal NE-based GM gel might represent a promising alternative to oral therapy in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Nahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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49
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Raina N, Rani R, Thakur VK, Gupta M. New Insights in Topical Drug Delivery for Skin Disorders: From a Nanotechnological Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19145-19167. [PMID: 37305231 PMCID: PMC10249123 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ in humans, is an efficient route for the delivery of drugs as it circumvents several disadvantages of the oral and parenteral routes. These advantages of skin have fascinated researchers in recent decades. Drug delivery via a topical route includes moving the drug from a topical product to a locally targeted region with dermal circulation throughout the body and deeper tissues. Still, due to the skin's barrier function, delivery through the skin can be difficult. Drug delivery to the skin using conventional formulations with micronized active components, for instance, lotions, gels, ointments, and creams, results in poor penetration. The use of nanoparticulate carriers is one of the promising strategies, as it provides efficient delivery of drugs through the skin and overcomes the disadvantage of traditional formulations. Nanoformulations with smaller particle sizes contribute to improved permeability of therapeutic agents, targeting, stability, and retention, making nanoformulations ideal for drug delivery through a topical route. Achieving sustained release and preserving a localized effect utilizing nanocarriers can result in the effective treatment of numerous infections or skin disorders. This article aims to evaluate and discuss the most recent developments of nanocarriers as therapeutic agent vehicles for skin conditions with patent technology and a market overview that will give future directions for research. As topical drug delivery systems have shown great preclinical results for skin problems, for future research directions, we anticipate including in-depth studies of nanocarrier behavior in various customized treatments to take into account the phenotypic variability of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Raina
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research University, Pushp
Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Radha Rani
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research University, Pushp
Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC (Scotland’s Rural College), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
- School
of Engineering, University of Petroleum
& Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research University, Pushp
Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
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50
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Ebrahimnejad P, Rezaeiroshan A, Babaei A, Khanali A, Aghajanshakeri S, Farmoudeh A, Nokhodchi A. Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Chitosan/Gelatin Nanoparticles as a New Strategy for Topical Delivery of Metformin in Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3304105. [PMID: 37313551 PMCID: PMC10260318 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3304105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a multipotential compound for treating diabetes II and controlling hormonal acne and skin cancer. This study was designed to enhance metformin skin penetration in melanoma using nanoparticles containing biocompatible polymers. Formulations with various concentrations of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium tripolyphosphate were fabricated using an ionic gelation technique tailored by the Box-Behnken design. The optimal formulation was selected based on the smallest particle size and the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%) and used in ex vivo skin penetration study. In vitro antiproliferation activity and apoptotic effects of formulations were evaluated using MTT and flow cytometric assays, respectively. The optimized formulation had an average size, zeta potential, EE%, and polydispersity index of 329 ± 6.30 nm, 21.94 ± 0.05 mV, 64.71 ± 6.12%, and 0.272 ± 0.010, respectively. The release profile of the optimized formulation displayed a biphasic trend, characterized by an early burst release, continued by a slow and sustained release compared to free metformin. The ex vivo skin absorption exhibited 1142.5 ± 156.3 μg/cm2 of metformin deposited in the skin layers for the optimized formulation compared to 603.2 ± 93.1 μg/cm2 for the free metformin. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the deformation of the drug from the crystal structure to an amorphous state. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared results approved no chemical interaction between the drug and other ingredients of the formulations. According to the MTT assay, metformin in nanoformulation exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect against melanoma cancer cells than free metformin (IC50: 3.94 ± 0.57 mM vs. 7.63 ± 0.26 mM, respectively, P < 0.001). The results proved that the optimized formulation of metformin could efficiently decrease cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis, thus providing a promising strategy for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azin Khanali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Aghajanshakeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Farmoudeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Lupin Research Center, Coral Springs, FL, USA
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