1
|
Osawa S, Kato H, Kemmoku D, Yamaguchi S, Jiang L, Tsuchiya Y, Takakura H, Izawa T. Exercise training-driven exosomal miRNA-323-5p activity suppresses adipogenic conversion of 3T3-L1 cells via the DUSP3/ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150447. [PMID: 39083976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-released exosomes (ASCexos) have multiple biological activities. We examined the effect of ASCexos derived from the inguinal adipose tissue of exercise-trained rats (EX-ASCexos) on adipogenic conversion of 3T3-L1 cells and analyzed their microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes was performed for 9 d with EX-ASCexos or ASCexos from sedentary control rats (SED-ASCexos), and the expression of proteins and miRNA involved in adipogenic differentiation were determined. EX-ASCexos but not SED-ASCexos attenuated 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation with increased phosph-Ser112PPARγ expression, the inactive form of PPARγ. These differentiated adipocytes were also accompanied by increased phosph-Thr202/Tyr204ERK and decreased dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) levels. The exosomal miRNAs miR-323-5p, miR-433-3p, and miR-874-3p were identified specifically in EX-ASCexos. Of these, miR-323-5p mimic replicated the EX-ASCexo-induced suppression of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and altered adipogenesis-related factor expression. In conclusion, exercise training-driven exosomal miR-323-5p suppressed 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by increasing phosph-Ser112PPARγ expression, while phosph-Thr202/Tyr204ERK accumulation inhibited DUSP3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seita Osawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Sci., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Daigo Kemmoku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Lureien Jiang
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takakura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang K, Yang Z, Zhang B, Gong S, Wu Y. Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes Facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6015-6033. [PMID: 38911504 PMCID: PMC11192296 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s466034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing in diabetic patients is frequently hampered. Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-eoxs), serving as a crucial mode of intercellular communication, exhibit promising therapeutic roles in facilitating wound healing. This review aims to comprehensively outline the molecular mechanisms through which ADSC-eoxs enhance diabetic wound healing. We emphasize the biologically active molecules released by these exosomes and their involvement in signaling pathways associated with inflammation modulation, cellular proliferation, vascular neogenesis, and other pertinent processes. Additionally, the clinical application prospects of the reported ADSC-eoxs are also deliberated. A thorough understanding of these molecular mechanisms and potential applications is anticipated to furnish a theoretical groundwork for combating diabetic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Huang L, Zhuang Y, Huang H. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by exosomes in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E709-E722. [PMID: 38416071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic complications represent a significant global health challenge. Central to this is the dysregulation of glucolipid metabolism, with a predominant focus on glucose metabolic dysfunction in the current research, whereas adipose metabolism impairment garners less attention. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and have the potential to be biomarkers, targets, and therapeutic tools for diverse diseases. In particular, EXs have been found to play a role in adipose metabolism by transporting cargoes such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), proteins, and other factors. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the role of EXs in mediating adipose metabolism disorders in obesity. It highlights their roles in adipogenesis (encompassing adipogenic differentiation and lipid synthesis), lipid catabolism, lipid transport, and white adipose browning. The insights provided by this review offer new avenues for developing exosome-based therapies to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Huang Y, Li J, Jiao T, Yang L. Enhancing osteoporosis treatment with engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: mechanisms and advances. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38331884 PMCID: PMC10853558 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
As societal aging intensifies, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) continually rises. OP is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone tissue microstructure, and consequently increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility, typically evaluated using bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score. Not only does OP diminish patients' quality of life, but it also imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Conventional pharmacological treatments yield limited efficacy and severe adverse reactions. In contemporary academic discourse, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have surfaced as auspicious novel therapeutic modalities for OP. EVs can convey information through the cargo they carry and have been demonstrated to be a crucial medium for intercellular communication, playing a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. Furthermore, various research findings provide evidence that engineered strategies can enhance the therapeutic effects of EVs in OP treatment. While numerous reviews have explored the progress and potential of EVs in treating degenerative bone diseases, research on using EVs to address OP remains in the early stages of basic experimentation. This paper reviews advancements in utilizing MSCs and their derived EVs for OP treatment. It systematically examines the most extensively researched MSC-derived EVs for treating OP, delving not only into the molecular mechanisms of EV-based OP therapy but also conducting a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of EVs sourced from various cell origins. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the technical and engineering strategies necessary for leveraging EVs in OP treatment, offering insights and recommendations for future research endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Chen
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang F, Li Z, Cai Z, He Y, Ke C, Wang J, Lin M, Li L. Pluronic F-127 Hydrogel Loaded with Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Improve Fat Graft Survival via HIF-1α-Mediated Enhancement of Angiogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6781-6796. [PMID: 38026529 PMCID: PMC10658963 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Autologous fat grafting is playing an increasingly important role in plastic surgery. However, high absorption and low survival of autologous fat grafts limit their clinical application. This study aimed to investigate whether human adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosomes (hASC-Exos) encapsulated in a PF-127 hydrogel can improve the survival of autologous fat grafts and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Patients and Methods Exosomes were isolated from hASCs and identified using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. We performed functional assays in vitro to assess the effect of hASC-Exos on proliferation, migration, and tube formation as well as their regulatory role in the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. hASC-Exos encapsulated in the PF-127 hydrogel were used as an in vivo autologous fat graft model. The effects of the PF-127 hydrogel/hASC-Exos and the role of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in promoting angiogenesis in an autologous fat grafting model were assessed. Results hASC-Exos were taken up by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and enhanced their proliferation, migration, and tubule formation in vitro. The effects of hASC-Exos on promoting angiogenesis were mediated by the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Moreover, we fabricated a PF-127 hydrogel for the sustained release of hASC-Exos, and in vivo results showed that hASC-Exos encapsulated in PF-127 hydrogel improved the survival of autologous fat grafts. Conclusion Our findings indicated that hASC-Exos encapsulated in PF-127 hydrogel serve as a key regulator of angiogenesis by activating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway and provide a promising strategy for autologous fat grafting treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ku YC, Omer Sulaiman H, Anderson SR, Abtahi AR. The Potential Role of Exosomes in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Literature. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5051. [PMID: 37313480 PMCID: PMC10259637 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing surge of exosome use throughout the aesthetic arena, a paucity of published exosome-based literature exists. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, exerting effects via intercellular communication and regulation of several signaling pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize published articles elucidating mechanisms and potential applications, report available products and clinical techniques, and prompt further investigation of this emerging treatment within the plastic surgery community. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed with keywords exosomes, secretomes, extracellular vesicles, plastic surgery, skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair growth, body contouring, and breast augmentation. Publications from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed for relevance and level of evidence. A Google search identified exosome distributors, where manufacturing/procurement details, price, efficacy, and clinical indications for use were obtained by direct contact and summarized in table format. Results Exosomes are currently derived from bone marrow, placental, adipose, and umbilical cord tissue. Laboratory-based exosome studies demonstrate enhanced outcomes in skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair restoration, and fat graft survival on the macro and micro levels. Clinical studies are limited to anecdotal results. Prices vary considerably from $60 to nearly $5000 based on company, source tissue, and exosome concentration. No exosome-based products are currently Food and Drug Administration-approved. Conclusions Administered alone or as an adjunct, current reports show promise in several areas of aesthetic plastic surgery. However, ongoing investigation is warranted to further delineate concentration, application, safety profile, and overall outcome efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying C. Ku
- From the Department of Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Hafsa Omer Sulaiman
- Department of Surgery, Hull University Hospitals, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Spencer R. Anderson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH
| | - Ali R. Abtahi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai Z, Li Z, Wei Q, Yang F, Li T, Ke C, He Y, Wang J, Ni B, Lin M, Li L. MiR-24-3p regulates the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells toward pericytes and promotes fat grafting vascularization. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22935. [PMID: 37086094 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202037rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) enhance fat graft survival by promoting neovascularization. The mechanism that promotes ADSCs differentiation toward pericytes was not known. We treated ADSCs with conditional medium (CM) from endothelial cells (ECs) or human recombinant transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to induce differentiation into pericytes. Pericytes markers, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and desmin, were examined. Pericytes differentiation markers, migration, and their association with ECs were examined in ADSCs transfected with miR-24-3p mimics and inhibitors. Bioinformatics target prediction platforms and luciferase assays were used to investigate whether PDGFRβ was directly targeted by miR-24-3p. In vivo, fat mixed with ADSCs transfected with miR-24-3p mimics or inhibitors was implanted subcutaneously on the lower back region of nude mice. Fat grafts were harvested and analyzed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Results showed that endogenous TGF-β derived from CM from EC or human recombinant TGF-β promoted migration, association with ECs, and induced expression of pericyte markers (PDGFRβ, α-SMA, Desmin) in ADSCs. MiR-24-3p directly targeted PDGFRβ in ADSCs by lucifer reporter assays. Inhibition of miR-24-3p promoted pericytes differentiation, migration, and association with ECs in ADSCs. Inhibition of miR-24-3p in ADSCs promoted survival, integrity, adipocyte viability, vascularization, pericytes association with ECs, and reduced fibrosis, whereas overexpression of miR-24-3p in ADSCs yielded the opposite results. Collectively, TGF-β released by ECs induced ADSCs differentiation toward pericytes through miR-24-3p. Downregulation of miR-24-3p in ADSCs induced survival, integrity, adipocyte viability, vascularization, pericytes association with ECs, and reduced fibrosis after fat grafting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of First Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Binting Ni
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Obesity and Wound Healing: Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030717. [PMID: 36983872 PMCID: PMC10059997 DOI: 10.3390/life13030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent nowadays a major challenge for both clinicians and researchers in the regenerative setting. Obesity represents one of the major comorbidities in patients affected by chronic ulcers and therefore diverse studies aimed at assessing possible links between these two morbid conditions are currently ongoing. In particular, adipose tissue has recently been described as having metabolic and endocrine functions rather than serving as a mere fat storage deposit. In this setting, adipose-derived stem cells, a peculiar subset of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) located in adipose tissue, have been demonstrated to possess regenerative and immunological functions with a key role in regulating both adipocyte function and skin regeneration. The aim of the present review is to give an overview of the most recent findings on wound healing, with a special focus on adipose tissue biology and obesity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan S, Chen Y, Yan J, Li F, Chen X, Xu X, Xing H. The emerging roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in the mutual regulation between adipose tissue and other related tissues in obesity and metabolic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975334. [PMID: 36060952 PMCID: PMC9433671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXs) are the major types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of 30-100 nm diameter that can be secreted by most cells to the extracellular environment. EXs transport endogenous cargoes (proteins, lipids, RNAs, etc.) to target cells and thereby triggers the release of these bioactive components, which then play important roles in regulating numerous biological processes under both physiological and pathological conditions. Throughout the studies in recent years, growing evidences have shown that EXs-derived non-coding RNAs (EXs-ncRNAs) are emerging as key players in cell-to-cell communication between adipose tissue and other related tissues in obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings about EXs-ncRNAs, especially focus on the following aspects: 1) the biogenesis of EXs and emerging roles of EXs-ncRNAs, 2) the role of EXs-ncRNAs (EXs-miRNAs, EXs-lncRNAs, EXs-circRNAs, etc.) that were secreted by adipose-related tissues in promoting the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature and fully functional adipocytes, and 3) the crosstalk between the adipose tissue derived EXs-ncRNAs and the development of insulin resistance, obesity and various cancers. This review aims to reveal the emerging roles and mechanisms of EXs-ncRNAs in the mutual regulation of adipose tissue and its related tissues in obesity and metabolic diseases, so as to provide references for elucidating the etiology of obesity and related metabolic diseases and screening novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shifeng Pan,
| | - Yongfang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hua Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yunusova NV, Dandarova EE, Svarovsky DA, Denisov NS, Kostromitsky DN, Patysheva MR, Cheremisina OV, Spirina LV. [Production and internalization of extracellular vesicules in normal and under conditions of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2021; 67:465-474. [PMID: 34964440 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216706465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical structures of cell membrane origin, ranging in the size from 40 nm to 5000 nm. They are involved in the horizontal transfer of many proteins and microRNAs. The mechanisms EV internalization include clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolin-dependent endocytosis, raft-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common group of metabolic disorders in adults; the incidence and prevalence increase in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Since adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance, EVs secreted by adipose tissue can be a kind of information transmitter in this process. EVs of adipocytic origin are predominantly absorbed by tissue macrophages, adipocytes themselves, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscles. This contributes to the M1 polarization of macrophages, a decrease in glucose uptake by hepatocytes and myocytes due to the transfer of functionally active microRNAs by these EVs, which affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Patients with T2DM and impaired glucose tolerance have significantly higher levels of CD235a-positive (erythrocyte) EVs, as well as a tendency to increase CD68-positive (leukocyte) and CD62p-positive (platelets/endothelial cells) EVs. The levels of CD31+/CD146-positive BB (endothelial cells) were comparable between diabetic and euglycemic patients. EVs from diabetic patients were preferably internalized by monocytes (mainly classical and intermediate monocyte fractions and to a lesser extent by non-classical monocyte fractions) and B cells compared to euglycemic patients. Internalization of EVs from patients with T2DM by monocytes leads to decreased apoptosis, changes in differentiation, and suppression of reactions controlling oxidative stress in monocytes. Thus, insulin resistance increases secretion of EVs, which are preferentially internalized by monocytes and influence their function. EVs are considered as sources of promising clinical markers of insulin resistance, complications of diabetes mellitus (endothelial dysfunction, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy), and markers of EVs can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of therapy for these complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Yunusova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - N S Denisov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - D N Kostromitsky
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M R Patysheva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O V Cheremisina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L V Spirina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|