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Wu ZQ, Cao XQ, Hua Y, Yu CM. A Bifunctional Wearable Sensor Based on a Nanoporous Membrane for Simultaneous Detection of Sweat Lactate and Temperature. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38320230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors for non-invasive, real-time detection of sweat lactate have far-reaching implications in the fields of health care and exercise physiological responses. Here, we propose a wearable electrochemical sensor with gold nanoelectrode arrays fabricated on the nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) membrane by encapsulating lactate oxidase (LOx) in chitosan (CS) hydrogel for detecting body temperature and sweat lactate concurrently. Flexible gold nanoporous electrodes not only enhance electrode area but also offer a nanoconfined space to accelerate the catalytic reaction of LOx and control substrate concentration on the surface of LOx to decrease substrate inhibition. The proposed sensor has a long durability of 13 days and better selectivity for the detection of sweat lactate over a wide linear range (0.01-35 mM) with a low detection limit (0.144 μM). Furthermore, temperature-dependent transmembrane currents passing through the sensor are used to estimate body temperature. We then use multiple linear regression to adjust the effect of temperature on lactate detection and succeed in monitoring lactate molecules in sweat and body temperature during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yu Hua
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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Ji F, Shang P, Lai Y, Wang J, Zhang G, Lin D, Xu J, Cai D, Qin Z. Fully Physically Crosslinked Conductive Hydrogel with Ultrastretchability, Transparency, and Self-Healing Properties for Strain Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6491. [PMID: 37834626 PMCID: PMC10573993 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, conductive hydrogels have received great attention as flexible strain sensors. However, the preparation of such sensors with integrated stretchability, transparency, and self-healing properties into one gel through a simple method still remains a huge challenge. Here, a fully physically crosslinked double network hydrogel was developed based on poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAA) and κ-carrageenan (Car). The driving forces for physical gelation were hydrogen bonds, ion bonding, and electrostatic interactions. The resultant PHEAA-Car hydrogel displayed stretchability (1145%) and optical transparency (92%). Meanwhile, the PHEAA-Car hydrogel exhibited a self-healing property at 25 °C. Additionally, the PHEAA-Car hydrogel-based strain sensor could monitor different joint movements. Based on the above functions, the PHEAA-Car hydrogel can be applied in flexible strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Pengbo Shang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yingkai Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Guangcai Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Dengchao Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Daniu Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Omidian H, Chowdhury SD. High-Performing Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Applications. Gels 2023; 9:549. [PMID: 37504428 PMCID: PMC10379850 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have gained significant attention for their extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, wearable sensors, electronic devices, soft robotics, energy storage, and human-machine interfaces. To address the limitations of conductive hydrogels, researchers are focused on enhancing properties such as sensitivity, mechanical strength, electrical performance at low temperatures, stability, antibacterial properties, and conductivity. Composite materials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, polymers, and ionic liquids, are incorporated to improve the conductivity and mechanical strength. Biocompatibility and biosafety are emphasized for safe integration with biological tissues. Conductive hydrogels exhibit unique properties such as stretchability, self-healing, wet adhesion, anti-freezing, transparency, UV-shielding, and adjustable mechanical properties, making them suitable for specific applications. Researchers aim to develop multifunctional hydrogels with antibacterial characteristics, self-healing capabilities, transparency, UV-shielding, gas-sensing, and strain-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Ye R, Liu S, Zhu W, Li Y, Huang L, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2482. [PMID: 37299281 PMCID: PMC10255636 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospective applications of chitosan-based hydrogels (CBHs), a category of biocompatible and biodegradable materials, in biomedical disciplines such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and biosensing have garnered great interest. The synthesis and characterization processes used to create CBHs play a significant role in determining their characteristics and effectiveness. The qualities of CBHs might be greatly influenced by tailoring the manufacturing method to get certain traits, including porosity, swelling, mechanical strength, and bioactivity. Additionally, characterization methods aid in gaining access to the microstructures and properties of CBHs. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art with a focus on the affiliation between particular properties and domains in biomedicine. Moreover, this review highlights the beneficial properties and wide application of stimuli-responsive CBHs. The main obstacles and prospects for the future of CBH development for biomedical applications are also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Ye
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yurong Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yeshun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (R.Y.); (S.L.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Zhenjiang Zhongnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212121, China
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Hu Z, Li J, Wei X, Wang C, Cao Y, Gao Z, Han J, Li Y. Enhancing Strain-Sensing Properties of the Conductive Hydrogel by Introducing PVDF-TrFE. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45853-45868. [PMID: 36170495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted attention because of their wide application in wearable devices. However, it is still a challenge to achieve conductive hydrogels with high sensitivity and wide frequency band response for smart wearable strain sensors. Here, we report a composite hydrogel with piezoresistive and piezoelectric sensing for flexible strain sensors. The composite hydrogel consists of cross-linked chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CHACC) as the hydrogel matrix, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) as the conductive filler, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) as the piezoelectric filler. A one-pot thermoforming and solution exchange method was used to synthesize the CHACC/PEDOT: PSS/PVDF-TrFE hydrogel. The hydrogel-based strain sensor exhibits very high sensitivity (GF: 19.3), fast response (response time: 63.2 ms), and wide frequency range (response frequency: 5-25 Hz), while maintaining excellent mechanical properties (elongation at break up to 293%). It can be concluded that enhanced strain-sensing properties of the hydrogel are contributed to both greater change in the relative resistance under stress and wider response to dynamic and static stimulus by adding PVDF-TrFE. This has a broad application in monitoring human motion, detecting subtle movements, and identifying object contours and a hydrogel-based array sensor. This work provides an insight into the design of composite hydrogels based on piezoelectric and piezoresistive sensing with applications for wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
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Zhang T, Meng L, Hu Y, Ouyang Z, Li W, Xie B, Zhu F, Wan J, Wu Q. Nature-inspired preparation of self-adhesive, frost-resistant, and ion-conductive hydrogels for flexible strain sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23637-23643. [PMID: 36090414 PMCID: PMC9389370 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A nature-inspired strategy has been developed to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/catechol-modified quaternized chitosan (QCS-C)/MXene hydrogels with good self-adhesion, frost-resistance, and high ion-conductivity. The PVA/QCS-C/MXene hydrogel shows an ionic conductivity of 8.82 S m−1 and a gauge factor of 33.53 at low strain (0–10%), and remains flexible and conductive at −47 °C. The PVA/QCS-C15/MXene hydrogel displays promising potential as an ionically conductive hydrogel sensor for applications in flexible electronic devices. A nature-inspired strategy is developed to prepare polyvinyl alcohol/catechol-modified quaternized chitosan/MXene hydrogels with good self-adhesion, frost-resistance, water retention capacity, and high ion-conductivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiangling Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials Engineering and Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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