1
|
Li Z, Guo H, Jin X. Fabrication of Uniform Anionic Polymeric Nanoplatelets as Building Blocks for Constructing Conductive Hydrogels with Enhancing Conductive and Mechanical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400008. [PMID: 38659335 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels play a crucial role in advancing technologies like implantable bioelectronics and wearable electronic devices, owing to their favorable conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties. Here, we report a novel bottom-up approach for crafting conductive nanocomposite hydrogels to achieve enhancing conductive and mechanical properties. In this approach, new poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based block copolymers with sulfonic groups were first synthesized and self-assembled into uniform polyanionic nanoplatelets. Subsequently, these negatively charged nanoplatelets, with sulfonic groups on the surface, were employed as nano-additives for the polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), resulting in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/nanoplatelet complex with 3.8 times enhanced electrical conductivity compared with their counterparts prepared using block copolymers (BCPs). Blending the (PEDOT:PSS)/nanoplatelet complex with calcium alginate, nanocomposite hydrogels were successfully prepared. In comparison with hydrogels with (PEDOT:PSS)/BCP complexes prepared by a top-down method, the nanocomposite hydrogels were found to show twice as strong mechanical strength and 1.6 times higher conductivity. This work provides valuable insights into the bottom-up construction of conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics using well-controlled polymeric nanoplatelets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Li
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xuhui Jin
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Cheng Q, Deng Z, Zhang T, Luo M, Huang X, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao X. Recent Progress of Anti-Freezing, Anti-Drying, and Anti-Swelling Conductive Hydrogels and Their Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:971. [PMID: 38611229 PMCID: PMC11013939 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are soft-wet materials with a hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure offering controllable stretchability, conductivity, and biocompatibility. However, traditional conductive hydrogels only operate in mild environments and exhibit poor environmental tolerance due to their high water content and hydrophilic network, which result in undesirable swelling, susceptibility to freezing at sub-zero temperatures, and structural dehydration through evaporation. The application range of conductive hydrogels is significantly restricted by these limitations. Therefore, developing environmentally tolerant conductive hydrogels (ETCHs) is crucial to increasing the application scope of these materials. In this review, we summarize recent strategies for designing multifunctional conductive hydrogels that possess anti-freezing, anti-drying, and anti-swelling properties. Furthermore, we briefly introduce some of the applications of ETCHs, including wearable sensors, bioelectrodes, soft robots, and wound dressings. The current development status of different types of ETCHs and their limitations are analyzed to further discuss future research directions and development prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Qiwei Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Zexing Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Man Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu P, Xu C, Zou X, Yang K, Xu Y, Li X, Li X, Wang Z, Luo Z. Capacitive-Coupling-Responsive Hydrogel Scaffolds Offering Wireless In Situ Electrical Stimulation Promotes Nerve Regeneration. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310483. [PMID: 38198600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has shown beneficial effects in repairing injured tissues. However, current ES techniques that use tissue-traversing leads and bulky external power suppliers have significant limitations in translational medicine. Hence, exploring noninvasive in vivo ES to provide controllable electrical cues in tissue engineering is an imminent necessity. Herein, a conductive hydrogel with in situ electrical generation capability as a biodegradable regeneration scaffold and wireless ES platform for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair is demonstrated. When a soft insulated metal plate is placed on top of the injury site as a wireless power transmitter, the conductive hydrogel implanted at the injury site can serve as a wireless power receiver, and the capacitive coupling between the receiver and transmitter can generate an alternating current in the hydrogel scaffold owing to electrostatic induction effect. In a complete transection model of SCI rats, the implanted conductive hydrogels with capacitive-coupling in situ ES enhance functional recovery and neural tissue repair by promoting remyelination, accelerating axon regeneration, and facilitating endogenous neural stem cell differentiation. This facile wireless-powered electroactive-hydrogel strategy thus offers on-demand in vivo ES with an adjustable timeline, duration, and strength and holds great promise in translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chao Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianghui Zou
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xueyao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Yao C, Huang WY, Liu CL, Zhang Y. Wearable Sensor Based on a Tough Conductive Gel for Real-Time and Remote Human Motion Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:11957-11972. [PMID: 38393750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The usage of a conductive hydrogel in wearable sensors has been thoroughly researched recently. Nonetheless, hydrogel-based sensors cannot simultaneously have excellent mechanical property, high sensitivity, comfortable wearability, and rapid self-healing performance, which result in poor durability and reusability. Herein, a robust conductive hydrogel derived from one-pot polymerization and subsequent solvent replacement is developed as a wearable sensor. Owing to the reversible hydrogen bonds cross-linked between polymer chains and clay nanosheets, the resulting conductive hydrogel-based sensor exhibits outstanding flexibility, self-repairing, and fatigue resistance performances. The embedding of graphene oxide nanosheets offers an enhanced hydrogel network and easy release of wearable sensor from the target position through remote irradiation, while Li+ ions incorporated by solvent replacement endow the wearable sensor with low detection limit (sensing strain: 1%), high conductivity (4.3 S m-1) and sensitivity (gauge factor: 3.04), good freezing resistance, and water retention. Therefore, the fabricated wearable sensor is suitable to monitor small and large human motions on the site and remotely under subzero (-54 °C) or room temperature, indicating lots of promising applications in human-motion monitoring, information encryption and identification, and electronic skins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, No. 28, Changsheng West Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen DM, Lo CY, Guo T, Choi T, Sundar S, Swain Z, Wu Y, Dhong C, Kayser LV. One Pot Photomediated Formation of Electrically Conductive Hydrogels. ACS Polym Au 2024; 4:34-44. [PMID: 38371732 PMCID: PMC10870748 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Electrically conductive hydrogels represent an innovative platform for the development of bioelectronic devices. While photolithography technologies have enabled the fabrication of complex architectures with high resolution, photoprinting conductive hydrogels is still a challenging task because the conductive polymer absorbs light which can outcompete photopolymerization of the insulating scaffold. In this study, we introduce an approach to synthesizing conductive hydrogels in one step. Our approach combines the simultaneous photo-cross-linking of a polymeric scaffold and the polymerization of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT), without additional photocatalysts. This process involves the copolymerization of photo-cross-linkable coumarin-containing monomers with sodium styrenesulfonate to produce a water-soluble poly(styrenesulfonate-co-coumarin acrylate) (P(SS-co-CoumAc)) copolymer. Our findings reveal that optimizing the [SS]:[CoumAc] ratio at 100:5 results in hydrogels with the strain at break up to 16%. This mechanical resilience is coupled with an electronic conductivity of 9.2 S m-1 suitable for wearable electronics. Furthermore, the conductive hydrogels can be photopatterned to achieve micrometer-sized structures with high resolution. The photo-cross-linked hydrogels are used as electrodes to record stable and reliable surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. These novel photo-cross-linkable polymers combined with one-pot PEDOT (poly-EDOT) polymerization open possibilities for rapidly prototyping complex bioelectronic devices and creating custom-designed interfaces between electronics and biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan My Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Chun-Yuan Lo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tianzheng Guo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Taewook Choi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shalini Sundar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Zachary Swain
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Charles Dhong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Laure V. Kayser
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen Z, Liang Q, Chang Q, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Topological Hydrogels for Long-Term Brain Signal Monitoring, Neuromodulation, and Stroke Treatment. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310365. [PMID: 38029425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the primary cause of disability without effective rehabilitation methods. Emerging brain-machine interfaces offer promise for regulating brain neural circuits and promoting the recovery of brain function disorders. Implantable probes play key roles in brain-machine interfaces, which are subject to two irreconcilable tradeoffs between conductivity and modulus match/transparency. In this work, mechanically interlocked polyrotaxane is incorporated into topological hydrogels to solve the two tradeoffs at the molecular level through the pulley effect of polyrotaxane. The unique performance of the topological hydrogels enables them to acquire brain neural information and conduct neuromodulation. The probe is capable of continuously recording local field potentials for eight weeks. Optogenetic neuromodulation in the primary motor cortex to regulate brain neural circuits and control limb behavior is realized using the probe. Most importantly, optogenetic neuromodulation is conducted using the probe, which effectively reduces the infarct regions of the brain tissue and promotes locomotor function recovery. This work exhibits a significant scientific advancement in the design concept of neural probes for developing brain-machine interfaces and seeking brain disease therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Quanduo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chang
- The 989 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Luoyang, 471031, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, P. R. China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li T, Qi H, Dong X, Li G, Zhai W. Highly Robust Conductive Organo-Hydrogels with Powerful Sensing Capabilities Under Large Mechanical Stress. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2304145. [PMID: 37793024 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The low mechanical strength of conductive hydrogels (<1 MPa) has been a significant hurdle in their practical application, as they are prone to fracturing under complex conditions, limiting their effectiveness. Here, this work fabricates a strong and tough conductive hierarchical poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEDOT:PSS/PVA) organo-hydrogel (PPS organo-hydrogel) via a facile combining strategy of self-assembly and stretch training. With PVA/PEDOT:PSS microlayers and aligned PVA/PEDOT:PSS nanofibers, PVA and PEDOT:PSS nanocrystalline domains, and semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, PPS organo-hydrogels display outstanding mechanical performances (strength: 54.8 MPa, toughness: 153.97 MJ m-3 ). Additionally, PPS organo-hydrogels also exhibit powerful sensing capabilities (gauge factor (GF): 983) due to the aligned hierarchical structures and organic liquid phase of DMSO. Notably, with the synergy of such mechanical and sensing properties, organo-hydrogels can even detect objects as light as 1 gram, despite bearing a tensile strength of ≈23 MPa. By incorporating these materials into human-machine interfaces, such as controlling artificial arms for grabbing objects and monitoring sport behaviors in soccer training, this work has unlocked a new realm of possibilities for these high-performance hierarchical organo-hydrogels. This approach to designing hierarchical structures has the potential to lead to even more high-performance hydrogels in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Haobo Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Guanjin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee J, Dutta SD, Acharya R, Park H, Kim H, Randhawa A, Patil TV, Ganguly K, Luthfikasari R, Lim KT. Stimuli-Responsive 3D Printable Conductive Hydrogel: A Step toward Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302394. [PMID: 37950552 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are promising alternatives for electrical stimulation of cells and tissues in biomedical engineering. Wound healing and immunomodulation are complex processes that involve multiple cell types and signaling pathways. 3D printable conductive hydrogels have emerged as an innovative approach to promote wound healing and modulate immune responses. CHs can facilitate electrical and mechanical stimuli, which can be beneficial for altering cellular metabolism and enhancing the efficiency of the delivery of therapeutic molecules. This review summarizes the recent advances in 3D printable conductive hydrogels for wound healing and their effect on macrophage polarization. This report also discusses the properties of various conductive materials that can be used to fabricate hydrogels to stimulate immune responses. Furthermore, this review highlights the challenges and limitations of using 3D printable CHs for future material discovery. Overall, 3D printable conductive hydrogels hold excellent potential for accelerating wound healing and immune responses, which can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for skin and immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseo Park
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachmi Luthfikasari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim YW, Park JM, Park CS, Na H, Kang YW, Lee W, Sun JY. Anisotropically Conductive Hydrogels with Directionally Aligned PEDOT:PSS in a PVA Matrix. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:4013-4023. [PMID: 38189267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrical anisotropy, which is characterized by the efficient transmission of electrical signals in specific directions, is prevalent in both natural and engineered systems. However, traditional anisotropically conductive materials are often rigid and dry, thus limiting their utility in applications aiming for the seamless integration of various technologies with biological tissues. In the present study, we introduce a method for precisely controlling the microstructures of conductive and insulating polymers to create highly anisotropically conductive composite hydrogels. Our methodology involves combining aligned poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibrils, infused poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate, and sodium citrate precipitation to form dense, aligned conductive paths. This significantly enhances the electrical conductivity anisotropy (σ∥/σ⊥ ≈ 60.8) within these composite hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Man Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shan M, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang X, Liu X. Injectable Conductive Hydrogel with Self-Healing, Motion Monitoring, and Bacteria Theranostics for Bioelectronic Wound Dressing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303876. [PMID: 38217457 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Wounds at joints are difficult to treat and tend to recover more slowly due to the frequent motions. When using traditional hydrogel dressings, they are easy to crack and undergo bacterial infection, difficult to match and monitor the irregular wounds. Integrating multiple functions within a hydrogel dressing to achieve intelligent wound monitoring and healing remains a significant challenge. In this research, a multifunctional hydrogel is developed based on polysaccharide biopolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxylated graphene through dynamic borate ester bonding and supramolecular interaction. The prepared hydrogel not only exhibits rapid self-healing (within 60 s), injectable, conductive and motion monitoring properties, but also realizes in situ bacterial sensing and killing functions. It shows excellent bacterial sensitivity (within 15 min) and killing ability via the changes of electrical signals and photothermal therapy, avoiding the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. In vivo experiments prove that the hydrogel can promote wound healing effectively. In addition, it displays great electromechanical performance to achieve real-time monitoring and prevent re-tearing of the wound at human joints. The injectable pH-responsive hydrogel with good biocompatibility demonstrates considerable potential as multifunctional bioelectronic dressing for the detection, treatment, management, and healing of infected joint wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Sinopec Oilfield Equipment Corporation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shike Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tropp J, Collins CP, Xie X, Daso RE, Mehta AS, Patel SP, Reddy MM, Levin SE, Sun C, Rivnay J. Conducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Intrinsic Aqueous Dispersibility for Conductive Hydrogels. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306691. [PMID: 37680065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are promising materials with mixed ionic-electronic conduction to interface living tissue (ionic signal transmission) with medical devices (electronic signal transmission). The hydrogel form factor also uniquely bridges the wet/soft biological environment with the dry/hard environment of electronics. The synthesis of hydrogels for bioelectronics requires scalable, biocompatible fillers with high electronic conductivity and compatibility with common aqueous hydrogel formulations/resins. Despite significant advances in the processing of carbon nanomaterials, fillers that satisfy all these requirements are lacking. Herein, intrinsically dispersible acid-crystalized PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles (ncrys-PEDOTX ) are reported which are processed through a facile and scalable nonsolvent induced phase separation method from commercial PEDOT:PSS without complex instrumentation. The particles feature conductivities of up to 410 S cm-1 , and when compared to other common conductive fillers, display remarkable dispersibility, enabling homogeneous incorporation at relatively high loadings within diverse aqueous biomaterial solutions without additives or surfactants. The aqueous dispersibility of the ncrys-PEDOTX particles also allows simple incorporation into resins designed for microstereolithography without sonication or surfactant optimization; complex biomedical structures with fine features (< 150 µm) are printed with up to 10% particle loading . The ncrys-PEDOTX particles overcome the challenges of traditional conductive fillers, providing a scalable, biocompatible, plug-and-play platform for soft organic bioelectronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Tropp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Caralyn P Collins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinran Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rachel E Daso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shiv P Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Manideep M Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sophia E Levin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su W, Xu J, Pei D, Li X, Yang J, Geng Z, Liu Q, Yang L, Yu S. Hybrid Electrically Conductive Hydrogels with Local Nerve Growth Factor Release Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5854-5863. [PMID: 37948755 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) clinically. As the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, autologous nerve grafting remains a critical limitation, including tissue availability, donor-site morbidity, immune rejection, etc. Recently, conductive hydrogels (CHs) have shown potential applications in neural bioengineering due to their good conductivity, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Herein, a hybrid electrically conductive hydrogel composed of acrylic acid derivatives, gelatin, and heparin with sustained nerve growth factor (NGF) release property was developed. The rat sciatic nerve injury (SNI) model (10 mm long segment defect) was used to investigate the efficacy of these hydrogel conduits in facilitating peripheral nerve repair. The results showed that the hydrogel conduits had excellent conductivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In addition, NGF immobilized in the hydrogel conduits had good sustained release characteristics. Finally, functional recovery and electrophysiological evaluations, together with histological analysis, indicated that the hydrogel conduits immobilizing NGF had superior effects on motor recovery, axon growth, and remyelination, thereby significantly accelerating the repairing of the sciatic nerve. This study demonstrated that hybrid electrically conductive hydrogels with local NGF release could be effectively used for PNI repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Su
- Neurosurgery Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Neurosurgery Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dating Pei
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Xixi Li
- Neurosurgery Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Neurosurgery Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhijie Geng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Qunfeng Liu
- Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528000, China
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Neurosurgery Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cui Z, Liu C, Fang S, Xu J, Zhao Z, Fang J, Shen Z, Cong Z, Niu J. Bio-Inspired Conductive Hydrogels with High Toughness and Ultra-Stability as Wearable Human-Machine Interfaces for all Climates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300324. [PMID: 37462222 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from Salicornia, a plant with the remarkable ability to thrive in harsh environments, a conductive hydrogel with high toughness and ultra-stability is reported. Specifically, the strategy of pre-cross-linking followed by secondary soaking in saturated salt solutions is introduced to prepare the PAAM-alginate conductive hydrogel with dual cross-linked dual network structure. It allows the alginate network to achieve complete cross-linking, fully leveraging the structural advantages of the PAAM-alginate conductive hydrogel. The highest tensile strength of the obtained conductive hydrogel is 697.3 kPa and the fracture energy can reach 69.59 kJ m-2 , significantly higher than human cartilage and natural rubbers. Specially, by introducing saturated salt solutions within the hydrogel, the colligative properties endow the PAAM-alginate conductive hydrogel with excellent water retention and anti-freezing properties. The prepared conductive hydrogels can work stably in an ambient environment for more than 7 days and still maintain good mechanical behavior and ionic conductivity at -50 °C. Benefiting from the excellent comprehensive performance of conductive hydrogels, wearable human-machine interfaces that can withstand large joint movements and are adapted for extreme environments are prepared to achieve precise control of robots and prostheses, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cui
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Jiaquan Fang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Zehao Shen
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Zhenhua Cong
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Jian Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su X, Zhai S, Jin K, Li C, Chen A, Cai Z, Xian C, Zhao Y. Rapid and Controllable Preparation of Multifunctional Lignin-Based Eutectogels for the Design of High-Performance Flexible Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:45526-45535. [PMID: 37708401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a limited amount of research on PEDOT:LS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):sulfonated lignin)-based hydrogels. While the addition of PEDOT:LS can enhance the conductivity of the gel, it unavoidably disrupts the gel network and negatively affects its mechanical properties. The preparation process and freezing resistance of the hydrogels also pose significant challenges for their practical applications. In this study, we have developed a novel self-catalytic system, PEDOT:LS-Fe3+, for the rapid fabrication of conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels are further transformed into eutectogels by immersing them in a deep eutectic solvent. Compared with conventional hydrogels, the eutectogels exhibit improved elongation, mechanical strength, and resistance to freezing. Specifically, the eutectogels containing 2 wt % PEDOT:LS as conductive fillers and catalysts demonstrate exceptional stretchability (∼460%), self-adhesion (∼14.6 kPa on paper), UV-blocking capability (∼99.9%), and ionic conductivity (∼1.2 mS cm-1) even at extremely low temperatures (-60 °C). Moreover, the eutectogels exhibit high stability and sensitivity in flexible sensing, successfully detecting various human motions. This study presents a novel approach for the rapid preparation of the hydrogels by utilizing lignin in the conductive PEDOT polymerization process and forming a self-catalytic system with metal ions. These advancements make the eutectogels a promising candidate material for flexible wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shixiong Zhai
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Kaili Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zaisheng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunying Xian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Y, Wang D, Qian T, Zhang J, Li Z, Gong Q, Ren X, Zhao Y. Biomimetic Nanozyme-Decorated Hydrogels with H 2O 2-Activated Oxygenation for Modulating Immune Microenvironment in Diabetic Wound. ACS Nano 2023; 17:16854-16869. [PMID: 37622922 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain a devastating threat to human health. While hydrogels are promising systems for DFU-based wound management, their effectiveness is often hindered by the immune response and hostile wound microenvironment associated with the uncontrollable accumulation of reactive oxygen species and hypoxia. Here, we develop a therapeutic wound dressing using a biomimetic hydrogel system with the decoration of catalase-mimic nanozyme, namely, MnCoO@PDA/CPH. The hydrogel can be designed to match the mechanical and electrical cues of skins simultaneously with H2O2-activated oxygenation ability. As a proof of concept, DFU-based rat models are created to validate the therapeutic efficacy of the MnCoO@PDA/CPH hydrogel in vivo. The results indicate that the developed hydrogel can promote DFU healing and improve the quality of the healed wound as featured by alleviated proinflammatory, increased re-epithelialization, highly ordered collagen deposition, and functional blood vessel growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tianwei Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiaoyun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ziai Y, Zargarian SS, Rinoldi C, Nakielski P, Sola A, Lanzi M, Truong YB, Pierini F. Conducting polymer-based nanostructured materials for brain-machine interfaces. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023; 15:e1895. [PMID: 37141863 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As scientists discovered that raw neurological signals could translate into bioelectric information, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) for experimental and clinical studies have experienced massive growth. Developing suitable materials for bioelectronic devices to be used for real-time recording and data digitalizing has three important necessitates which should be covered. Biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and having mechanical properties similar to soft brain tissue to decrease mechanical mismatch should be adopted for all materials. In this review, inorganic nanoparticles and intrinsically conducting polymers are discussed to impart electrical conductivity to systems, where soft materials such as hydrogels can offer reliable mechanical properties and a biocompatible substrate. Interpenetrating hydrogel networks offer more mechanical stability and provide a path for incorporating polymers with desired properties into one strong network. Promising fabrication methods, like electrospinning and additive manufacturing, allow scientists to customize designs for each application and reach the maximum potential for the system. In the near future, it is desired to fabricate biohybrid conducting polymer-based interfaces loaded with cells, giving the opportunity for simultaneous stimulation and regeneration. Developing multi-modal BMIs, Using artificial intelligence and machine learning to design advanced materials are among the future goals for this field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Ziai
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonella Sola
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing Business Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yen Bach Truong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing Business Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Omidian H, Chowdhury SD. High-Performing Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Applications. Gels 2023; 9:549. [PMID: 37504428 PMCID: PMC10379850 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have gained significant attention for their extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, wearable sensors, electronic devices, soft robotics, energy storage, and human-machine interfaces. To address the limitations of conductive hydrogels, researchers are focused on enhancing properties such as sensitivity, mechanical strength, electrical performance at low temperatures, stability, antibacterial properties, and conductivity. Composite materials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, polymers, and ionic liquids, are incorporated to improve the conductivity and mechanical strength. Biocompatibility and biosafety are emphasized for safe integration with biological tissues. Conductive hydrogels exhibit unique properties such as stretchability, self-healing, wet adhesion, anti-freezing, transparency, UV-shielding, and adjustable mechanical properties, making them suitable for specific applications. Researchers aim to develop multifunctional hydrogels with antibacterial characteristics, self-healing capabilities, transparency, UV-shielding, gas-sensing, and strain-sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Jiang L, Zhang H, Li Q, Ma N, Zhang X, Ma L. High-Strength Double-Network Conductive Hydrogels Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules 2023; 28:4690. [PMID: 37375245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels feature the flexibility of soft materials plus conductive properties providing functionality for effectively sticking to the epidermis and detecting human activity signals. Their stable electrical conductivity also effectively avoids the problem of uneven distribution of solid conductive fillers inside traditional conductive hydrogels. However, the simultaneous integration of high mechanical strength, stretchability, and transparency through a simple and green fabrication method remains a great challenge. Herein, a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES) composed of choline chloride and acrylic acid was added to a biocompatible PVA matrix. The double-network hydrogels were then simply prepared by thermal polymerization and one freeze-thaw method. The introduction of the PDES significantly improved the tensile properties (1.1 MPa), ionic conductivity (2.1 S/m), and optical transparency (90%) of the PVA hydrogels. When the gel sensor was fixed to human skin, real-time monitoring of a variety of human activities could be implemented with accuracy and durability. Such a simple preparation method performed by combining a deep eutectic solvent with traditional hydrogels offers a new avenue to construct multifunctional conductive hydrogel sensors with excellent performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266400, China
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingyin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prameswati A, Nurmaulia Entifar SA, Han JW, Wibowo AF, Kim JH, Sembiring YSB, Park J, Lee J, Lee AY, Song MH, Kim S, Lim DC, Eom Y, Heo S, Moon MW, Kim MS, Kim YH. Self-Healable Conductive Hydrogels with High Stretchability and Ultralow Hysteresis for Soft Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:24648-24657. [PMID: 37170066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable sensors based on conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention for wearable electronics. However, their practical applications have been limited by the low sensitivity, high hysteresis, and long response times of the hydrogels. In this study, we developed high-performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based hydrogels post-treated with NaCl, which showed excellent mechanical properties, fast electrical response, and ultralow hysteresis properties. The hydrogels also demonstrated excellent self-healing properties with electrical and mechanical properties comparable to those of the original hydrogel and more than 150% elongation at break after the self-healing process. The high performance of the optimized hydrogels was attributed to the enhanced intermolecular forces between the PVA matrix and PEDOT:PSS, the favorable conformational change of the PEDOT chains, and an increase in localized charges in the hydrogel networks. The hydrogel sensors were capable of tracking large human motion and subtle muscle action in real time with high sensitivity, a fast response time (0.88 s), and low power consumption (<180 μW). Moreover, the sensor was able to monitor human respiration due to chemical changes in the hydrogel. These highly robust, stretchable, conductive, and self-healing PVA/PEDOT:PSS hydrogels, therefore, show great application potential as wearable sensors for monitoring human activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeng Prameswati
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joo Won Han
- Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Anky Fitrian Wibowo
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yulia Shara Br Sembiring
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghee Lee
- Department of Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon-daero 797, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon-daero 797, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Heo
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Woon Moon
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lyu J, Zhou Q, Wang H, Xiao Q, Qiang Z, Li X, Wen J, Ye C, Zhu M. Mechanically Strong, Freeze-Resistant, and Ionically Conductive Organohydrogels for Flexible Strain Sensors and Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206591. [PMID: 36658775 PMCID: PMC10037987 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels as promising material candidates for soft electronics have been rapidly developed in recent years. However, the low ionic conductivity, limited mechanical properties, and insufficient freeze-resistance greatly limit their applications for flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, aramid nanofiber (ANF)-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) organohydrogels containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/H2 O mixed solvents with outstanding freeze-resistance are fabricated through solution casting and 3D printing methods. The organohydrogels show both high tensile strength and toughness due to the synergistic effect of ANFs and DMSO in the system, which promotes PVA crystallization and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA molecules as well as ANFs and PVA, confirmed by a suite of characterization and molecular dynamics simulations. The organohydrogels also exhibit ultrahigh ionic conductivity, ranging from 1.1 to 34.3 S m-1 at -50 to 60 °C. Building on these excellent material properties, the organohydrogel-based strain sensors and solid-state zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are fabricated, which have a broad working temperature range. Particularly, the ZABs not only exhibit high specific capacity (262 mAh g-1 ) with ultra-long cycling life (355 cycles, 118 h) even at -30 °C, but also can work properly under various deformation states, manifesting their great potential applications in soft robotics and wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Qi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and EngineeringThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS39406USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang Q, Shen Z, Sun X, Yu D, Liu K, Mugo SM, Chen W, Wang D, Zhang Q. Electron Conductive and Transparent Hydrogels for Recording Brain Neural Signals and Neuromodulation. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211159. [PMID: 36563409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recording brain neural signals and optogenetic neuromodulations open frontiers in decoding brain neural information and neurodegenerative disease therapeutics. Conventional implantable probes suffer from modulus mismatch with biological tissues and an irreconcilable tradeoff between transparency and electron conductivity. Herein, a strategy is proposed to address these tradeoffs, which generates conductive and transparent hydrogels with polypyrrole-decorated microgels as cross-linkers. The optical transparency of the electrodes can be attributed to the special structures that allow light waves to bypass the microgel particles and minimize their interaction. Demonstrated by probing the hippocampus of rat brains, the biomimetic electrode shows a prolonged capacity for simultaneous optogenetic neuromodulation and recording of brain neural signals. More importantly, an intriguing brain-machine interaction is realized, which involves signal input to the brain, brain neural signal generation, and controlling limb behaviors. This breakthrough work represents a significant scientific advancement toward decoding brain neural information and developing neurodegenerative disease therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanduo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Samuel M Mugo
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, ABT5J4S2, Canada
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rinoldi C, Ziai Y, Zargarian SS, Nakielski P, Zembrzycki K, Haghighat Bayan MA, Zakrzewska AB, Fiorelli R, Lanzi M, Kostrzewska-Księżyk A, Czajkowski R, Kublik E, Kaczmarek L, Pierini F. In Vivo Chronic Brain Cortex Signal Recording Based on a Soft Conductive Hydrogel Biointerface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:6283-6296. [PMID: 36576451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In neuroscience, the acquisition of neural signals from the brain cortex is crucial to analyze brain processes, detect neurological disorders, and offer therapeutic brain-computer interfaces. The design of neural interfaces conformable to the brain tissue is one of today's major challenges since the insufficient biocompatibility of those systems provokes a fibrotic encapsulation response, leading to an inaccurate signal recording and tissue damage precluding long-term/permanent implants. The design and production of a novel soft neural biointerface made of polyacrylamide hydrogels loaded with plasmonic silver nanocubes are reported herein. Hydrogels are surrounded by a silicon-based template as a supporting element for guaranteeing an intimate neural-hydrogel contact while making possible stable recordings from specific sites in the brain cortex. The nanostructured hydrogels show superior electroconductivity while mimicking the mechanical characteristics of the brain tissue. Furthermore, in vitro biological tests performed by culturing neural progenitor cells demonstrate the biocompatibility of hydrogels along with neuronal differentiation. In vivo chronic neuroinflammation tests on a mouse model show no adverse immune response toward the nanostructured hydrogel-based neural interface. Additionally, electrocorticography acquisitions indicate that the proposed platform permits long-term efficient recordings of neural signals, revealing the suitability of the system as a chronic neural biointerface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Yasamin Ziai
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zembrzycki
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Mohammad Ali Haghighat Bayan
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Anna Beata Zakrzewska
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Roberto Fiorelli
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
| | | | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Ewa Kublik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-106, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiao Z, Ding J, Wu C, Zhou T, Wu K, Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Wei D, Sun J, Fan H. One-Pot Synthesis of Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /rGO Heterostructure with Red Light-Driven Photovoltaic Effect for Remote Electrotherapy-Assisted Wound Repair. Small 2023; 19:e2206231. [PMID: 36464643 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the rational design of novel functional nanomaterials and the potential to revolutionize many applications. With the increasing focus on electronic biological processes, novel photovoltaic nanomaterials are highly expectable for empowering new therapeutic strategies such as establishing a link between endogenous electric field (EEF) and electrotherapy. Compared to traditional invasive stimulation, the light-initiating strategy has the advantages of non-invasion, non-power supply, and precise controllability. Whereas, common photoactivated materials require short-wavelength light excitation accompanied by poor tissue penetration and biohazard. Herein, by the construction of p-n heterostructured Bi2 S3 /TiO2 /rGO (BTG) nanoparticles, broadener light absorption and higher light conversion than regular UV excitation are realized. Simultaneously, the photoelectric performance of BTG heterostructure, as well as the synergistic effect of Bi2 S3 morphology, are revealed. Besides, the rationally designed biomimetic hydrogel matrix consisting of collagen and hyaluronic acid provides appropriate bioactivity, interface adhesion, mechanical matching, and electron transfer. Therefore, the photovoltaic BTG-loaded matrix provides a platform of light-driven electrical stimulation, coupling the EEF to modulate the electrophysiological and regeneration microenvironment. The implementation of photoelectric stimulation holds broad prospects for non-drug therapy and electrical-related biological process modulation including osseointegration, nerve regeneration, electronic skin, and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhanwen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma X, Maimaitiyiming X. Highly Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Low Temperature Resistant Double Network Hydrogel Ionic Conductor as Flexible Sensor and Quasi-Solid Electrolyte. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200685. [PMID: 36398572 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible energy storage and wearable strain sensing, conductive hydrogels are attracting attention as electrolyte materials for flexible strain sensors and flexible supercapacitors due to their excellent flexibility and wetting properties. In this work, antifreezing hydrogels with high stretchability, adhesion, and conductivity are designed and prepared by introducing phosphoric acid solutions into polyacrylamide and chitosan systems. The multifunctional hydrogel samples prepared by this method can be used as both quasi-solid electrolytes and wearable strain sensors. The hydrogel-based supercapacitor shows a charge/discharge efficiency of 99.67% and a capacitance retention of 98.85% after 10 000 cycles charge/discharge tests at -30 °C. The tiny characteristic heartbeat wave forms are detected by the hydrogel as a flexible strain sensor. It is foreseeable that PCP multifunctional hydrogel can be a promising flexible material for a new generation of flexible sensors and flexible energy storage devices in a certain range of temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, PR China
| | - Xieraili Maimaitiyiming
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Han IK, Song KI, Jung SM, Jo Y, Kwon J, Chung T, Yoo S, Jang J, Kim YT, Hwang DS, Kim YS. Electroconductive, Adhesive, Non-Swelling, and Viscoelastic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2203431. [PMID: 35816086 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a new class of materials, implantable flexible electrical conductors have recently been developed and applied to bioelectronics. An ideal electrical conductor requires high conductivity, tissue-like mechanical properties, low toxicity, reliable adhesion to biological tissues, and the ability to maintain its shape in wet physiological environments. Despite significant advances, electrical conductors that satisfy all these requirements are insufficient. Herein, a facile method for manufacturing a new conductive hydrogels through the simultaneous exfoliation of graphite and polymerization of zwitterionic monomers triggered by microwave irradiation is introduced. The mechanical properties of the obtained conductive hydrogel are similar to those of living tissue, which is ideal as a bionic adhesive for minimizing contact damage due to mechanical mismatches between hard electronics and soft tissues. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent adhesion performance, electrical conductivity, non-swelling, and high conformability in water. Excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel is confirmed through a cytotoxicity test using C2C12 cells, a biocompatibility test on rat tissues, and their histological analysis. The hydrogel is then implanted into the sciatic nerve of a rat and neuromodulation is demonstrated through low-current electrical stimulation. This hydrogel demonstrates a tissue-like extraneuronal electrode, which possesses high conformability to improve the tissue-electronics interfaces, promising next-generation bioelectronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Im Kyung Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Il Song
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mun Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwon Jo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesub Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehun Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Surim Yoo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shin S, Hyun J. Matrix-Assisted In Situ Polymerization of a 3D Conductive Hydrogel Structure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:52516-52523. [PMID: 36354752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to fabricate 3D architectures of conductive hydrogels and impart uniform conductivity at the same time. Here, we demonstrate a one-step 3D printing technique for controlling the 3D structure of hydrogel materials while simultaneously conferring uniform conductivity. The core technology lies in the in situ polymerization of conductive polymers by the diffusion of monomers and redox initiators to an interface. An alginate ink containing ammonium peroxide as a redox initiator is printed in a silica nanoparticle matrix containing a pyrrole monomer. A 3D structure of conductive polypyrrole is uniformly fabricated on the surface of the alginate immediately after the printing. This simple process provides uniform electrical conductivity throughout the bulk structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungchul Shin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Hyun
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hong Y, Lin Z, Yang Y, Jiang T, Shang J, Luo Z. Flexible Actuator Based on Conductive PAM Hydrogel Electrodes with Enhanced Water Retention Capacity and Conductivity. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1951. [PMID: 36422380 PMCID: PMC9695116 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels with salts that act as electrolytes have been used as transparent electrodes with high elasticity in flexible electronic devices. Different types and contents of raw materials will affect their performance in all aspects. We tried to introduce highly hydratable salts into PAM hydrogels to improve their water retention capacity. Different salts can improve the water retention capacity of PAM hydrogels to a certain extent. In particular, PAM hydrogels containing higher concentrations of lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) showed an extremely strong water retention capacity and could retain about 90% and more than 98% of the initial water in the experimental environment at a temperature of 25 °C and a relative humidity of 60% RH, respectively. In addition, we conducted electrical conductivity tests on these PAM hydrogels with different salts. The PAM hydrogels containing LiCl also show outstanding conductivity, and the highest conductivity value can reach up to about 8 S/m. However, the PAM hydrogels containing CaCl2, which also performed well in terms of their water retention capacity, were relatively common in terms of their electrical conductivity. On this basis, we attempted to introduce single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene (GO) electronic conductors to enhance the electrical conductivity of the PAM hydrogels containing LiCl. The conductivity of the PAM hydrogels containing LiCl was improved to a certain extent after the addition of these electronic conductors. The highest electrical conductivity was about 10 S/m after we added the SWCNTs. This experimental result indicates that these electronic conductors can indeed enhance the electrical conductivity of PAM hydrogels to a certain extent. After a maximum of 5000 repeated tensile tests, the conductive hydrogel samples could still maintain their original morphological characteristics and conductivity. This means that these conductive hydrogel samples have a certain degree of system reliability. We made the PAM conductive hydrogels with high water retention and good conductivity properties into thin electrodes and applied them to an electric response flexible actuator with dielectric elastomer as the functional material. This flexible actuator can achieve a maximum area strain of 18% under an external voltage of 10 kV. This new composite hydrogels with high water retention and excellent conductivity properties will enable more possibilities for the application of hydrogels.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen L, Chang X, Chen J, Zhu Y. Ultrastretchable, Antifreezing, and High-Performance Strain Sensor Based on a Muscle-Inspired Anisotropic Conductive Hydrogel for Human Motion Monitoring and Wireless Transmission. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:43833-43843. [PMID: 36112731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrating structural anisotropy, excellent mechanical properties, and superior sensing capability into conductive hydrogels is of great importance to wearable flexible electronics yet challenging. Herein, inspired from the aligned structure of human muscle, we proposed a facile and universal method to construct an anisotropic hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide and sodium alginate by pre-stretching in a confined geometry and subsequent ionic cross-linking. The designed hydrogels showed extraordinary mechanical performances, such as ultrahigh stretchability, a comparable modulus to that of human tissues, and good toughness, ascribed to their anisotropically aligned polymer networks. Additionally, the hydrogel possessed anisotropic conductivity due to the anisotropy in ion transport channels. The hydrogel along the vertical direction was further cut and assembled into a flexible strain sensor, exhibiting a low detection limit (0.1%), wide strain range (1585%), rapid response (123 ms), distinct resilience, good stability, and repeatability, thereby being capable of monitoring and discriminating different human movements. In addition, the relatively high ionic conductivity and superior sensitivity enabled the anisotropic hydrogel sensor to be used for wireless human-machine interaction. More interestingly, the Ca2+-cross-linking strategy also endowed the hydrogel sensor with antifreezing ability, further broadening their working temperature. This work is expected to speed up the development of hydrogel sensors in the emerging wearable soft electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangren Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Peng K, Zhang J, Yang J, Lin L, Gan Q, Yang Z, Chen Y, Feng C. Green Conductive Hydrogel Electrolyte with Self-Healing Ability and Temperature Adaptability for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39404-39419. [PMID: 35981091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are ideal electrolyte materials for the preparation of flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) due to their excellent electrochemical properties, mechanical properties, and deformation restorability. However, most of the reported CHs are prepared by the chemical crosslinking of synthetic polymers and thus usually display the disadvantages of poor self-healing abilities and nonadaptability at environmental temperatures, which greatly limits their application. To overcome these problems, in the present work, we constructed a sodium alginate-borax/gelatin double-network conductive hydrogel (CH) by a dynamic crosslinking between sodium alginate (SA) and borax via borate bonds and hydrogen bonding between amino acids in gelatin and SA chains. The CH displays an excellent elongation of 305.7% and fast self-healing behavior in 60 s. Furthermore, a phase-change material (PCM), Na2SO4·10H2O, was introduced into the CH, which, combined with the nucleation effect of borax, improved the ionic conductivity and temperature adaptability of the CH. The flexible supercapacitor (FSC) assembled with the obtained CH as the electrolyte exhibits a high specific capacitance of 185.3 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.25 A·g-1 and good stability with 84% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and excellent temperature tolerance with a resistance variation of 2.11 Ω in the temperature range of -20-60 °C. This green CH shows great application potential as an electrolyte for FSCs, and the preparation method can be potentially expanded to the fabrication of self-repairing FSCs with good temperature adaptabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Peng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jueying Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gan
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ziming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Changgen Feng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Keate RL, Tropp J, Collins CP, Ware HOT, Petty AJ, Ameer GA, Sun C, Rivnay J. 3D-Printed Electroactive Hydrogel Architectures with Sub-100 µm Resolution Promote Myoblast Viability. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200103. [PMID: 35596668 PMCID: PMC9879017 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed hydrogel scaffolds functionalized with conductive polymers have demonstrated significant potential in regenerative applications for their structural tunability, physiochemical compatibility, and electroactivity. Controllably generating conductive hydrogels with fine features, however, has proven challenging. Here, micro-continuous liquid interface production (μCLIP) method is utilized to 3D print poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels. With a unique in-situ polymerization approach, a sulfonated monomer is first incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and subsequently polymerized into a conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(4-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethoxy)-butane-1 sulfonic acid sodium salt (PEDOT-S). Rod structures are fabricated at different crosslinking levels to investigate PEDOT-S incorporation and its effect on bulk hydrogel electronic and mechanical properties. After demonstrating that PEDOT-S does not significantly compromise the structures of the bulk material, pHEMA scaffolds are fabricated via μCLIP with features smaller than 100 µm. Scaffold characterization confirms PEDOT-S incorporation bolstered conductivity while lowering overall modulus. Finally, C2C12 myoblasts are seeded on PEDOT-pHEMA structures to verify cytocompatibility and the potential of this material in future regenerative applications. PEDOT-pHEMA scaffolds promote increased cell viability relative to their non-conductive counterparts and differentially influence cell organization. Taken together, this study presents a promising new approach for fabricating complex conductive hydrogel structures for regenerative applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Keate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caralyn P. Collins
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Henry Oliver T. Ware
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anthony J. Petty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deo KA, Jaiswal MK, Abasi S, Lokhande G, Bhunia S, Nguyen TU, Namkoong M, Darvesh K, Guiseppi-Elie A, Tian L, Gaharwar AK. Nanoengineered Ink for Designing 3D Printable Flexible Bioelectronics. ACS Nano 2022; 16:8798-8811. [PMID: 35675588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics require elastomeric and conductive biointerfaces with native tissue-like mechanical properties. The conventional approaches to engineer such a biointerface often utilize conductive nanomaterials in combination with polymeric hydrogels that are cross-linked using toxic photoinitiators. Moreover, these systems frequently demonstrate poor biocompatibility and face trade-offs between conductivity and mechanical stiffness under physiological conditions. To address these challenges, we developed a class of shear-thinning hydrogels as biomaterial inks for 3D printing flexible bioelectronics. These hydrogels are engineered through a facile vacancy-driven gelation of MoS2 nanoassemblies with naturally derived polymer-thiolated gelatin. Due to shear-thinning properties, these nanoengineered hydrogels can be printed into complex shapes that can respond to mechanical deformation. The chemically cross-linked nanoengineered hydrogels demonstrate a 20-fold rise in compressive moduli and can withstand up to 80% strain without permanent deformation, meeting human anatomical flexibility. The nanoengineered network exhibits high conductivity, compressive modulus, pseudocapacitance, and biocompatibility. The 3D-printed cross-linked structure demonstrates excellent strain sensitivity and can be used as wearable electronics to detect various motion dynamics. Overall, the results suggest that these nanoengineered hydrogels offer improved mechanical, electronic, and biological characteristics for various emerging biomedical applications including 3D-printed flexible biosensors, actuators, optoelectronics, and therapeutic delivery devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao C, Song S, Lv Y, Huang J, Zhang Z. Recent Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Review and Perspective. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200051. [PMID: 35472125 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tissue engineering techniques have been rapidly developed and offer a new therapeutic approach to organ or tissue damage repair. However, most of tissue engineering scaffolds are nonconductive and cannot establish effective electrical coupling with tissue for the electroactive tissues. Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have received increasing attention in tissue engineering owing to their electroconductivity, biocompatibility and high water content. In vitro, ECHs can not only promote the communication of electrical signals between cells, but also mediate the adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different kinds of cells. In vivo, ECHs can transmit the electric signal to electroactive tissues and activate bioelectrical signaling pathways to promote tissue repair. As a result, implanting ECHs into damaged tissues can effectively reconstruct physiological functions related to electrical conduction. In this review, we first present an overview about the classifications and the fabrication methods of ECHs. And then, the applications of ECHs in tissue engineering, including cardiac, nerve, skin and skeletal muscle tissue, are highlighted. At last, we provide some rational guidelines for designing ECHs towards clinical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoshuai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hong Y, Lin Z, Yang Y, Jiang T, Shang J, Luo Z. Biocompatible Conductive Hydrogels: Applications in the Field of Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094578. [PMID: 35562969 PMCID: PMC9104506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 has rendered medical technology an important factor to maintain social stability and economic increase, where biomedicine has experienced rapid development and played a crucial part in fighting off the pandemic. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are three-dimensional (3D) structured gels with excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, which are very suitable for biomedical applications. CHs can mimic innate tissue's physical, chemical, and biological properties, which allows them to provide environmental conditions and structural stability for cell growth and serve as efficient delivery substrates for bioactive molecules. The customizability of CHs also allows additional functionality to be designed for different requirements in biomedical applications. This review introduces the basic functional characteristics and materials for preparing CHs and elaborates on their synthetic techniques. The development and applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, artificial organs, biosensors, drug delivery systems, and some other application scenarios. Finally, this review discusses the future applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine. In summary, the current design and development of CHs extend their prospects for functioning as an intelligent and complex system in diverse biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wei J, Wang R, Pan F, Fu Z. Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene Oxide Conductive Hydrogels via the Synergy of Freezing and Salting Out for Strain Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3015. [PMID: 35458997 DOI: 10.3390/s22083015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels of flexibility, strength, and conductivity have demonstrated broad applications in wearable electronics and soft robotics. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate conductive hydrogels with high strength massively and economically. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to design a strong ionically conductive hydrogel. This ion-conducting hydrogel was obtained under the synergistic action by salting out the frozen mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) using a high concentration of sodium chloride solution. The developed hydrogel containing only 5 wt% PVA manifests good tensile stress (65 kPa) and elongation (180%). Meanwhile, the PVA matrix doped with a small amount of GO formed uniformly porous ion channels after salting out, endowed the PVA/GO hydrogel with excellent ionic conductivity (up to 3.38 S m−1). Therefore, the fabricated PVA/GO hydrogel, anticipated for a strain sensor, exhibits good sensitivity (Gauge factor = 2.05 at 100% strain), satisfying working stability (stably cycled for 10 min), and excellent recognition ability. This facile method to prepare conductive hydrogels displays translational potential in flexible electronics for engineering applications.
Collapse
|
35
|
He C, Xu X, Lin Y, Cui Y, Peng Z. A Bilayer Skin-Inspired Hydrogel with Strong Bonding Interface. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12071137. [PMID: 35407253 PMCID: PMC9000308 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are widely used in sports monitoring, healthcare, energy storage, and other fields, due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, synthesizing a hydrogel with synergistically good mechanical and electrical properties is still challenging. Current fabrication strategies are mainly focused on the polymerization of hydrogels with a single component, with less emphasis on combining and matching different conductive hydrogels. Inspired by the gradient modulus structures of the human skin, we propose a bilayer structure of conductive hydrogels, composed of a spray-coated poly(3,4-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxin): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the bonding interface, a relatively low modulus hydrogel on the top, and a relatively high modulus hydrogel on the bottom. The spray-coated PEDOT:PSS constructs an interlocking interface between the top and bottom hydrogels. Compared to the single layer counterparts, both the mechanical and electrical properties were significantly improved. The as-prepared hydrogel showed outstanding stretchability (1763.85 ± 161.66%), quite high toughness (9.27 ± 0.49 MJ/m3), good tensile strength (0.92 ± 0.08 MPa), and decent elastic modulus (69.16 ± 8.02 kPa). A stretchable strain sensor based on the proposed hydrogel shows good conductivity (1.76 S/m), high sensitivity (a maximum gauge factor of 18.14), and a wide response range (0−1869%). Benefitting from the modulus matching between the two layers of the hydrogels, the interfacial interlocking network, and the patch effect of the PEDOT:PSS, the strain sensor exhibits excellent interface robustness with stable performance (>12,500 cycles). These results indicate that the proposed bilayer conductive hydrogel is a promising material for stretchable electronics, soft robots, and next-generation wearables.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu J, Feng Y, Sun D, Ren W, Shao C, Sun R. Highly Conductive and Mechanically Robust Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Antifreezing and Antidehydration Performances for Flexible Humidity Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:10886-10897. [PMID: 35179371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are emerging as an appealing material platform for flexible electronic devices owing to their attractive mechanical flexibility and conductive properties. However, the conventional water-based conductive hydrogels tend to inevitably freeze at subzero temperature and suffer from continuous water evaporation under ambient conditions, leading to a decrease in their electrical conductivities and mechanical properties. Thus, it is extremely necessary, but generally challenging, to create an antifreezing and antidehydration conductive gel for maintaining high and stable performances in terms of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Herein, we fabricated a cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-reinforced and highly ion-conductive organogel featuring excellent antifreezing and antidehydration performances by immersing it in the CaCl2/sorbitol solution for solvent displacement. The incorporation of a rigid CNF serving as a dynamic connected bridge provided a hierarchical honeycomb-like cellular structure for the obtained CS-nanocomposite (NC) organogel networks, facilitating significant mechanical reinforcement. The synergy effects of sorbitol and CaCl2 allowed high-performance integration with excellent antifreezing tolerance, antidehydration ability, and ionic conductivity. Strong hydrogen bonds were formed between water molecules and sorbitol molecules to impede the formation of ice crystals and water evaporation, thereby imparting the CS-NC organogels with extreme-temperature tolerance as low as -50 °C and pre-eminent antidehydration performance with over 90% weight retention. Furthermore, this CS-NC organogel exhibited high humidity sensitivity in a wide humidity detection range (23∼97% relative humidity) because of the ready formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and numerous hydrophilic groups in the binary solvent and elaborated polymer chains, which can be assembled as a stretchable humidity sensor to monitor human respiration with a fast response. This work provides a new prospect for fabricating intrinsically stretchable and high-performance humidity sensors using cellulose-based humidity-responsive materials for the emerging wearable applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yufan Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenfeng Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Changyou Shao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang J, Li Q, Li K, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhuang T, Yan J, Wang H. Ultra-High Electrical Conductivity in Filler-Free Polymeric Hydrogels Toward Thermoelectrics and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109904. [PMID: 35064696 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conducting hydrogels have attracted much attention for the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics, especially poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based hydrogels, because of their great biocompatibility and stability. However, the electrical conductivities of hydrogels are often lower than 1 S cm-1 which are not suitable for digital circuits or applications in bioelectronics. Introducing conductive inorganic fillers into the hydrogels can improve their electrical conductivities. However, it may lead to compromises in compliance, biocompatibility, deformability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, a series of highly conductive ionic liquid (IL) doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogels without any conductive fillers is reported. These hydrogels exhibit high conductivities up to ≈305 S cm-1 , which is ≈8 times higher than the record of polymeric hydrogels without conductive fillers in literature. The high electrical conductivity results in enhanced areal thermoelectric output power for hydrogel-based thermoelectric devices, and high specific electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency which is about an order in magnitude higher than that of state-of-the-art conductive hydrogels in literature. Furthermore, these stretchable (strain >30%) hydrogels exhibit fast self-healing, and shape/size-tunable properties, which are desirable for hydrogel bioelectronics and wearable organic devices. The results indicate that these highly conductive hydrogels are promising in applications such as sensing, thermoelectrics, EMI shielding, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qing Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kuncai Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Tiantian Zhuang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of energy and power engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of energy and power engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Zhejiang YunFeng New Materials Technology Co., Ltd, No. 755 Hongji Street, Jinghua Zhejiang, 321015, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fan L, Xiao C, Guan P, Zou Y, Wen H, Liu C, Luo Y, Tan G, Wang Q, Li Y, Yu P, Zhou L, Ning C. Extracellular Matrix-Based Conductive Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels with Enhanced Neurovascular Regeneration Properties for Diabetic Wounds Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101556. [PMID: 34648694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The critical effects that impair diabetic wound healing are characterized by poor vascularization and severe peripheral neuropathy. Current management strategies for diabetic wound healing are unsatisfactory, due to the paucity of neurovascular regeneration at the wound site. Importantly, conductivity in skin tissue is reported to be essential for modulating myriad biological processes especially vascular and nerve regeneration. Herein, an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based conductive dressing is synthesized from an interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel composed of gelatin methacryloyl, oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS), and OCS-polypyrrole conductive nanoparticles that can promote diabetic wound repairing by enhancing local neurovascular regeneration. The conductive hydrogels combine the advantageous features of water-swollen hydrogels with conductive polymers (CPs) to provide tissue-matching electrical conductivity and mechanical properties for neurovascular regeneration. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the conductive hydrogel can promote neurovascular regeneration by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which subsequently promotes phosphorylation of proteins in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Furthermore, the conductive hydrogel stimulates full-thickness diabetic wound repair on day 14 by promoting local neurovascular regeneration and collagen deposition. These findings corroborate that the ECM-based conductive interpenetrating network hydrogel dressing significantly promotes wound repairing due to its neurovascular regeneration properties, suggesting that they are suitable candidates for diabetic wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Cairong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Radiology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Huiquan Wen
- Department of Radiology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery The First Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Yian Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qiyou Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yangfan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu H, Hu X, Liu B, Chen Z, Qu S. 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogel-Elastomer Hybrids for Stretchable Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59243-59251. [PMID: 34870967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electronically conductive hydrogels integrated with dielectric elastomers show great promise in a wide range of applications, such as biomedical devices, soft robotics, and stretchable electronics. However, one big conundrum that impedes the functionality and performance of hydrogel-elastomer-based devices lies in the strict demands of device integration and the requirements for devices with satisfactory mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, the digital light processing three-dimensional (3D) printing method is used to fabricate 3D functional devices that bridge submillimeter-scale device resolution to centimeter-scale object size and simultaneously realize complex hybrid structures with strong adhesion interfaces and desired functionalities. The interconnected poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) network endows the PAAm hydrogel with high conductivity and superior electrical stability and poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) functions as an insulating medium. The strong interfacial bonding between the hydrogel and elastomer is achieved by incomplete photopolymerization that ensures the stability of the hybrid structure. Lastly, applications of stretchable electronics illustrated as 3D-printed electroluminescent devices and 3D-printed capacitive sensors are conceptually demonstrated. This strategy will open up avenues to fabricate conductive hydrogel-elastomer hybrids in next-generation multifunctional stretchable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaocheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ji F, Jiang M, Yu Q, Hao X, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Luo S, Li J. Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel With Ultrastretchability, Self-Healable and Freezing-Tolerant Properties for Wearable Strain Sensor. Front Chem 2021; 9:758844. [PMID: 34733822 PMCID: PMC8558561 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.758844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, stretchable hydrogel has attracted great attention in the field of wearable flexible sensors. However, fabricating flexible hydrogel sensor simultaneously with superstretchability, high mechanical strength, remarkable self-healing ability, excellent anti-freezing and sensing features via a facile method remains a huge challenge. Herein, a fully physically linked poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-gelatin-glycerol-lithium chloride (PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl) double network organohydrogel is prepared via a simple one-pot heating-cooling-photopolymerization method. The prepared PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel exhibits favorable stretchability (970%) and remarkable self-healing property. Meanwhile, due to the presence of glycerol and LiCl, the PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel possesses outstanding anti-freezing capability, it can maintain excellent stretchability (608%) and conductivity (0.102 S/m) even at -40°C. In addition, the PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel-based strain sensor is capable of repeatedly and stably detecting and monitoring both large-scale human motions and subtle physiological signals in a wide temperature range (from -40°C to 25°C). More importantly, the PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel-based sensor displays excellent strain sensitivity (GF = 13.16 at 500% strain), fast response time (300 ms), and outstanding repeatability. Based on these super characteristics, it is envisioned that PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel holds promising potentials as wearable strain sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefang Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nano Innovation Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Junqiu Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuiyuan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lei H, Zhao J, Ma X, Li H, Fan D. Antibacterial Dual Network Hydrogels for Sensing and Human Health Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101089. [PMID: 34453781 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based conductive hydrogels have the synergistic advantages of high conductivity and tissue-like properties, making them promising candidates for the construction of flexible electronic devices. However, conductive hydrogel materials can easily absorb microorganisms due to their high water content. To address the problem that conductive hydrogels are susceptible to infection by external pathogens when monitoring wounds and when used in implanted organs, tannic acid-borax (TA-B) complexes are introduced into classical dual network polyacrylamide/agarose (PAM/Agar) hydrogels to form PAM/Agar/TA-B hydrogel conductors. These hydrogels are antibacterial and have good mechanical properties, light transmission, electrical conductivity, and adhesion. TA-B increases the compressive stress of the PAM/Agar/TA-B hydrogel by 58.14% compared to a PAM/Agar hydrogel. The PAM/Agar/TA-B hydrogel can be used as an electronic conductor for electronic skin and wearable sensors. Outstanding biocompatibility allows the hydrogel to be used as a monitoring device at wounds to monitor heartbeat, skin wounds, and internal tissue status in real time. In summary, an antibacterial strain sensing matrix that is safe for human health monitoring is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Xishiku Street No.8 Beijing 100034 China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
McNamara MC, Aykar SS, Alimoradi N, Niaraki Asli AE, Pemathilaka RL, Wrede AH, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Behavior of Neural Cells Post Manufacturing and After Prolonged Encapsulation within Conductive Graphene-Laden Alginate Microfibers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2101026. [PMID: 34626101 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering conductive 3D cell scaffoldings offer advantages toward the creation of physiologically relevant platforms with integrated real-time sensing capabilities. Dopaminergic neural cells are encapsulated into graphene-laden alginate microfibers using a microfluidic approach, which is unmatched for creating highly-tunable microfibers. Incorporating graphene increases the conductivity of the alginate microfibers by 148%, creating a similar conductivity to native brain tissue. The cell encapsulation procedure has an efficiency of 50%, and of those cells, ≈30% remain for the entire 6-day observation period. To understand how the microfluidic encapsulation affects cell genetics, tyrosine hydroxylase, tubulin beta 3 class 3, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alfa are analyzed primarily with real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and secondarily with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immediately after manufacturing, after encapsulation in polymer matrix for 6 days, and after encapsulation in the graphene-polymer composite for 6 days. Preliminary data shows that the manufacturing process and combination with alginate matrix affect the expression of the studied genes immediately after manufacturing. In addition, the introduction of graphene further changes gene expressions. Long-term encapsulation of neural cells in alginate and 6-day exposure to graphene also leads to changes in gene expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C McNamara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Saurabh S Aykar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nima Alimoradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Alex H Wrede
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou K, Chigan D, Xu L, Liu C, Ding R, Li G, Zhang Z, Pei D, Li A, Guo B, Yan X, He G. Anti-Sandwich Structured Photo-Electronic Wound Dressing for Highly Efficient Bacterial Infection Therapy. Small 2021; 17:e2101858. [PMID: 34250738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photo-electronic devices based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation suffer a crucial limitation in wound treatment due to their sandwich structure, which prevents the contact of ROS with wound tissue. In this work, the first anti-sandwich structured visible-light/electricity dual-responsive wound dressing is constructed for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), based on selenoviologen-appendant polythiophene (SeV2+ -PT)-containing polyacrylamide hydrogels. The new wound dressing is named an anti-sandwich structured photo-electronic wound dressing (PEWD). The unique structure of PEWD enables its use in synergistic electrodynamic and photodynamic therapy (EDT and PDT), providing rapid, on-demand, and sustained generation of ROS in situ via short-time light irradiation and/or wireless-controlled electrification. The PEWD possesses good flexibility, excellent biocompatibility, and fast response, as well as sustained ROS generation in a physiological environment. Animal experiments demonstrate effective ROS generation in 6 s under irradiation and electrification, inhibiting infection at an early stage, and substantially shortening the healing time of bacterial infection (to within 7 days). This proof-of-concept research holds great promise in developing new flexible PEWD, and novel strategies to improve wound treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Dongdong Chigan
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Chenjing Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Feig VR, Santhanam S, McConnell KW, Liu K, Azadian M, Brunel LG, Huang Z, Tran H, George PM, Bao Z. Conducting polymer-based granular hydrogels for injectable 3D cell scaffolds. Adv Mater Technol 2021; 6:2100162. [PMID: 34179344 PMCID: PMC8225239 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injectable 3D cell scaffolds possessing both electrical conductivity and native tissue-level softness would provide a platform to leverage electric fields to manipulate stem cell behavior. Granular hydrogels, which combine jamming-induced elasticity with repeatable injectability, are versatile materials to easily encapsulate cells to form injectable 3D niches. In this work, we demonstrate that electrically conductive granular hydrogels can be fabricated via a simple method involving fragmentation of a bulk hydrogel made from the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. These granular conductors exhibit excellent shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, as well as record-high electrical conductivity for an injectable 3D scaffold material (~10 S m-1). Their granular microstructure also enables them to easily encapsulate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, which were viable for at least 5 days within the injectable gel matrices. Finally, we demonstrate gel biocompatibility with minimal observed inflammatory response when injected into a rodent brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Rachel Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Santhanam
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kelly Wu McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kathy Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matine Azadian
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lucia Giulia Brunel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul M. George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu Y, Patino Gaillez M, Rothe R, Hauser S, Voigt D, Pietzsch J, Zhang Y. Conductive Hydrogels with Dynamic Reversible Networks for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100012. [PMID: 33930246 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are emerging as a promising and well-utilized platform for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering to incorporate electron signals as biorelevant physical cues. In conventional covalently crosslinked conductive hydrogels, the network dynamics (e.g., stress relaxation, shear shining, and self-healing) required for complex cellular functions and many biomedical utilities (e.g., injection) cannot be easily realized. In contrast, dynamic conductive hydrogels (DCHs) are fabricated by dynamic and reversible crosslinks. By allowing for the breaking and reforming of the reversible linkages, DCHs can provide dynamic environments for cellular functions while maintaining matrix integrity. These dynamic materials can mimic some properties of native tissues, making them well-suited for several biotechnological and medical applications. An overview of the design, synthesis, and engineering of DCHs is presented in this review, focusing on the different dynamic crosslinking mechanisms of DCHs and their biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Technische Universität Dresden B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering Dresden 01307 Germany
| | - Michelle Patino Gaillez
- Technische Universität Dresden B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering Dresden 01307 Germany
| | - Rebecca Rothe
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf (HZDR) Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology Dresden 01328 Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden School of Science Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden 01062 Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf (HZDR) Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology Dresden 01328 Germany
| | - Dagmar Voigt
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science Faculty of Biology Institute of Botany Dresden 01062 Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf (HZDR) Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology Dresden 01328 Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden School of Science Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden 01062 Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Technische Universität Dresden B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering Dresden 01307 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life Technische Universität Dresden Dresden 01062 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Choi Y, Park K, Choi H, Son D, Shin M. Self-Healing, Stretchable, Biocompatible, and Conductive Alginate Hydrogels through Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Implantable Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1133. [PMID: 33918277 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable electronics have recently been attracting attention because of the promising advances in personalized healthcare. They can be used to diagnose and treat chronic diseases by monitoring and applying bioelectrical signals to various organs. However, there are challenges regarding the rigidity and hardness of typical electronic devices that can trigger inflammatory reactions in tissues. In an effort to improve the physicochemical properties of conventional implantable electronics, soft hydrogel-based platforms have emerged as components of implantable electronics. It is important that they meet functional criteria, such as stretchability, biocompatibility, and self-healing. Herein, plant-inspired conductive alginate hydrogels composed of “boronic acid modified alginate” and “oligomerized epigallocatechin gallate,” which are extracted from plant compounds, are proposed. The conductive hydrogels show great stretchability up to 500% and self-healing properties because of the boronic acid-cis-diol dynamic covalent bonds. In addition, as a simple strategy to increase the electrical conductivity of the hydrogels, ionically crosslinked shells with cations (e.g., sodium) were generated on the hydrogel under physiological salt conditions. This decreased the resistance of the conductive hydrogel down to 900 ohm without trading off the original properties of stretchability and self-healing. The hydrogels were used for “electrophysiological bridging” to transfer electromyographic signals in an ex vivo muscle defect model, showing a great bridging effect comparable to that of a muscle-to-muscle contact model. The use of plant-inspired ionically conductive hydrogels is a promising strategy for designing implantable and self-healable bioelectronics.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sanjuan-Alberte P, Vaithilingam J, Moore JC, Wildman RD, Tuck CJ, Alexander MR, Hague RJM, Rawson FJ. Development of Conductive Gelatine-Methacrylate Inks for Two-Photon Polymerisation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1038. [PMID: 33810431 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel-based materials are attracting considerable interest for bioelectronic applications due to their ability to act as more compatible soft interfaces between biological and electrical systems. Despite significant advances that are being achieved in the manufacture of hydrogels, precise control over the topographies and architectures remains challenging. In this work, we present for the first time a strategy to manufacture structures with resolutions in the micro-/nanoscale based on hydrogels with enhanced electrical properties. Gelatine methacrylate (GelMa)-based inks were formulated for two-photon polymerisation (2PP). The electrical properties of this material were improved, compared to pristine GelMa, by dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) acting as conductive nanofillers, which was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. This material was also confirmed to support human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CMs) viability and growth. Ultra-thin film structures of 10 µm thickness and scaffolds were manufactured by 2PP, demonstrating the potential of this method in areas spanning tissue engineering and bioelectronics. Though further developments in the instrumentation are required to manufacture more complex structures, this work presents an innovative approach to the manufacture of conductive hydrogels in extremely low resolution.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have drawn significant attention in the field of stretchable/wearable sensors due to their intrinsic stretchability, tunable conductivity, biocompatibility, multistimuli sensitivity, and self-healing ability. Recent advancements in hydrogel- and organohydrogel-based sensors, including a novel sensing mechanism, outstanding performance, and broad application scenarios, suggest the great potential of hydrogels for stretchable electronics. However, a systematic summary of hydrogel- and organohydrogel-based sensors in terms of their working principles, unique properties, and promising applications is still lacking. In this spotlight, we present recent advances in hydrogel- and organohydrogel-based stretchable sensors with four main sections: improved stability of hydrogels, fabrication and characterization of organohydrogel, working principles, and performance of different types of sensors. We particularly highlight our recent work on ultrastretchable and high-performance strain, temperature, humidity, and gas sensors based on polyacrylamide/carrageenan double network hydrogel and ethylene glycol/glycerol modified organohydrogels obtained via a facile solvent displacement strategy. The organohydrogels display higher stability (drying and freezing tolerances) and sensing performances than corresponding hydrogels. The sensing mechanisms, key factors influencing the performance, and application prospects of these sensors are revealed. Especially, we find that the hindering effect of polymer networks on the ionic transport is one of the key mechanisms applicable for all four of these kinds of sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hao S, Shao C, Meng L, Cui C, Xu F, Yang J. Tannic Acid-Silver Dual Catalysis Induced Rapid Polymerization of Conductive Hydrogel Sensors with Excellent Stretchability, Self-Adhesion, and Strain-Sensitivity Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56509-56521. [PMID: 33270440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of conductive hydrogels in intelligent biomimetic electronics is a hot topic in recent years, but it is still a great challenge to develop the conductive hydrogels through a rapid fabrication process at ambient temperature. In this work, a versatile poly(acrylamide) @cellulose nanocrystal/tannic acid-silver nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel integrated with excellent stretchability, repeatable self-adhesion, high strain sensitivity, and antibacterial property, was synthesized via radical polymerization within 30 s at ambient temperature. Notably, this rapid polymerization was realized through a tannic acid-silver (TA-Ag) mediated dynamic catalysis system that was capable of activating ammonium persulfate and then initiated the free-radical polymerization of the acrylamide monomer. Benefiting from the incorporation of TA-Ag metal ion nanocomplexes and cellulose nanocrystals, which acted as dynamic connecting bridges by hydrogen bonds to efficiently dissipate energy, the obtained NC hydrogels exhibited prominent tensile strain (up to 4000%), flexibility, self-recovery, and antifatigue properties. In addition, the hydrogels showed repeatable adhesiveness to different substrates (e.g., glass, wood, bone, metal, and skin) and significant antibacterial properties, which were merits for the hydrogels to be assembled into a flexible epidermal sensor for long-term human-machine interfacial contact without concerns about the use of external adhesive tapes and bacterial breeding. Moreover, the remarkable conductivity (σ ∼ 5.6 ms cm-1) and strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 1.02) allowed the flexible epidermal sensors to monitor various human motions in real time, including huge movement of deformations (e.g., wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder) and subtle motions. It is envisioned that this work would provide a promising strategy for the rapid preparation of conductive hydrogels in the application of flexible electronic skin, biomedical devices, and soft robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanwei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changyou Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tu CW, Tsai FC, Chen JK, Wang HP, Lee RH, Zhang J, Chen T, Wang CC, Huang CF. Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2835. [PMID: 33260522 PMCID: PMC7760924 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To afford an intact double network (sample abbr.: DN) hydrogel, two-step crosslinking reactions of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (i.e., PAMPS first network) and then poly(acrylic acid) (i.e., PAA second network) were conducted both in the presence of crosslinker (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA)). Similar to the two-step processes, different contents of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN: 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were initially dispersed in the first network solutions and then crosslinked. The TOCN-containing PAMPS first networks subsequently soaked in AA and crosslinker and conducted the second network crosslinking reactions (TOCN was then abbreviated as T for DN samples). As the third step, various (T-)DN hydrogels were then treated with different concentrations of FeCl3(aq) solutions (5, 50, 100, and 200 mM). Through incorporations of ferric ions into (T-)DN hydrogels, notably, three purposes are targeted: (i) strengthen the (T-)DN hydrogels through ionic bonding, (ii) significantly render ionic conductivity of hydrogels, and (iii) serve as a catalyst for the forth step to proceed with in situ chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrroles to afford polypyrrole-containing (sample abbr.: Py) hydrogels [i.e., (T-)Py-DN samples]. The characteristic functional groups of PAMPS, PAA, and Py were confirmed by FT-IR. Uniform microstructures were observed by cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). These results indicated that homogeneous composites of T-Py-DN hydrogels were obtained through the four-step process. All dry samples showed similar thermal degradation behaviors from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The T2-Py5-DN sample (i.e., containing 2 wt.% TOCN with 5 mM FeCl3(aq) treatment) showed the best tensile strength and strain at breaking properties (i.e., σTb = 450 kPa and εTb = 106%). With the same compositions, a high conductivity of 3.34 × 10-3 S/cm was acquired. The tough T2-Py5-DN hydrogel displayed good conductive reversibility during several "stretching-and-releasing" cycles of 50-100-0%, demonstrating a promising candidate for bioelectronic or biomaterial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Chang Tsai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School-Soaked of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Huei-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-P.W.); (R.-H.L.)
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-P.W.); (R.-H.L.)
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Chung-Chi Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-P.W.); (R.-H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|