1
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Pan X, Guo X, Shi J. Design of a novel multiepitope vaccine with CTLA-4 extracellular domain against Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A vaccine-immunoinformatics approach. Vaccine 2024; 42:3883-3898. [PMID: 38777697 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia often stems from the macrolide-resistant strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, yet no effective vaccine exists against it. METHODS This study proposes a vaccine-immunoinformatics strategy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogenic microbes. Specifically, dominant B and T cell epitopes of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae P30 adhesion protein were identified through immunoinformatics method. The vaccine sequence was then constructed by coupling with CTLA-4 extracellular region, a novel molecular adjuvant for antigen-presenting cells. Subsequently, the vaccine's physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and allergenicity were verified. Molecular dynamics modeling was employed to confirm interaction with TLR-2, TLR-4, B7-1, and B7-2. Finally, the vaccine underwent in silico cloning for expression. RESULTS The vaccine exhibited both antigenicity and non-allergenicity. Molecular dynamics simulation, post-docking with TLR-2, TLR-4, B7-1, and B7-2, demonstrated stable interaction between the vaccine and these molecules. In silico cloning confirmed effective expression of the vaccine gene in insect baculovirus vectors. CONCLUSION This vaccine-immunoinformatics approach holds promise for the development of vaccines against Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogenic non-viral and non-bacterial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiandong Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China; National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan China.
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Catalán-Tatjer D, Tzimou K, Nielsen LK, Lavado-García J. Unravelling the essential elements for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production in animal cell-based platforms. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108370. [PMID: 38692443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) stand at the forefront of gene therapy applications, holding immense significance for their safe and efficient gene delivery capabilities. The constantly increasing and unmet demand for rAAVs underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of AAV biology and its impact on rAAV production. In this literature review, we delved into AAV biology and rAAV manufacturing bioprocesses, unravelling the functions and essentiality of proteins involved in rAAV production. We discuss the interconnections between these proteins and how they affect the choice of rAAV production platform. By addressing existing inconsistencies, literature gaps and limitations, this review aims to define a minimal set of genes that are essential for rAAV production, providing the potential to advance rAAV biomanufacturing, with a focus on minimizing the genetic load within rAAV-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Catalán-Tatjer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Konstantina Tzimou
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
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3
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Pitchers KG, Boakye OD, Campeotto I, Daly JM. The Potential of Plant-Produced Virus-like Particle Vaccines for African Horse Sickness and Other Equine Orbiviruses. Pathogens 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38921755 PMCID: PMC11206403 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
African horse sickness is a devastating viral disease of equids. It is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides with mortalities reaching over 90% in naïve horses. It is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and is seasonally endemic in many parts of southern Africa. However, outbreaks in Europe and Asia have occurred that caused significant economic issues. There are attenuated vaccines available for control of the virus but concerns regarding the safety and efficacy means that alternatives are sought. One promising alternative is the use of virus-like particles in vaccine preparations, which have the potential to be safer and more efficacious as vaccines against African horse sickness. These particles are best made in a complex, eukaryotic system, but due to technical challenges, this may cause significant economic strain on the developing countries most affected by the disease. Therefore, this review also summarises the success so far, and potential, of recombinant protein expression in plants to reduce the economic strain of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G. Pitchers
- One Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Oliver D. Boakye
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK; (O.D.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Campeotto
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK; (O.D.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Janet M. Daly
- One Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK;
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4
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Fogaça MBT, Crispim GJB, Saavedra DP, Lopes-Luz L, da Silva LA, de Camargo BR, Guimarães RA, Nagata T, Ribeiro BM, Bührer-Sékula S. An indirect ELISA for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human sera using a baculovirus-expressed recombinant nucleocapsid antigen. Biologicals 2024; 86:101769. [PMID: 38759304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the development and initial assessment of an indirect IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specifically designed to detect of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The unique aspect of this ELISA method lies in its utilization of a recombinant nucleocapsid (N) antigen, produced through baculovirus expression in insect cells. Our analysis involved 292 RT-qPCR confirmed positive serum samples and 54 pre-pandemic healthy controls. The process encompassed cloning, expression, and purification of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene in insect cells, with the resulted purified protein employed in our ELISA tests. Statistical analysis yielded an Area Under the Curve of 0.979, and the optimized cut-off exhibited 92 % sensitivity and 94 % specificity. These results highlight the ELISA's potential for robust and reliable serological detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Further assessments, including a larger panel size, reproducibility tests, and application in diverse populations, could enhance its utility as a valuable biotechnological solution for diseases surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaça
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil; Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Djairo Pastor Saavedra
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil; Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil; Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Assis da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Brenda Rabello de Camargo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil; Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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5
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Li L, Liu Z, Shi J, Yang M, Yan Y, Fu Y, Shen Z, Peng G. The CDE region of feline Calicivirus VP1 protein is a potential candidate subunit vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:80. [PMID: 38443948 PMCID: PMC10916247 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection causes severe upper respiratory disease in cats, but there are no effective vaccines available for preventing FCV infection. Subunit vaccines have the advantages of safety, low cost and excellent immunogenicity, but no FCV subunit vaccine is currently available. The CDE protein is the dominant neutralizing epitope region of the main antigenic structural protein of FCV, VP1. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the CDE region as a truncated FCV VP1 protein in preventing FCV infection to provide a strategy for developing potential FCV subunit vaccines. RESULTS Through the prediction of FCV VP1 epitopes, we found that the E region is the dominant neutralizing epitope region. By analysing the spatial structure of VP1 protein, 13 amino acid sites in the CD and E regions were found to form hydrogen bonding interactions. The results show the presence of these interaction forces supports the E region, helping improve the stability and expression level of the soluble E protein. Therefore, we selected the CDE protein as the immunogen for the immunization of felines. After immunization with the CDE protein, we found significant stimulation of IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody production in serum and swab samples, and the cytokine TNF-α levels and the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes were increased. Moreover, a viral challenge trial indicated that the protection generated by the CDE subunit vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of disease in animals. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we studied the efficacy of the CDE protein, which is the dominant neutralizing epitope region of the FCV VP1 protein, in preventing FCV infection. We revealed that the CDE protein can significantly activate humoral, mucosal and cellular immunity, and the resulting protective effect can significantly reduce the incidence of animal disease. The CDE region of the FCV capsid is easy to produce and has high stability and excellent immunogenicity, which makes it a candidate for low-cost vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiale Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Benning FMC, Jenni S, Garcia CY, Nguyen TH, Zhang X, Chao LH. Helical reconstruction of VP39 reveals principles for baculovirus nucleocapsid assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:250. [PMID: 38177118 PMCID: PMC10767040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-infecting pathogens with wide applications as biological pesticides, in vitro protein production vehicles and gene therapy tools. Its cylindrical nucleocapsid, which encapsulates and protects the circular double-stranded viral DNA encoding proteins for viral replication and entry, is formed by the highly conserved major capsid protein VP39. The mechanism for VP39 assembly remains unknown. We use electron cryomicroscopy to determine a 3.2 Å helical reconstruction of an infectious nucleocapsid of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, revealing how dimers of VP39 assemble into a 14-stranded helical tube. We show that VP39 comprises a distinct protein fold conserved across baculoviruses, which includes a Zinc finger domain and a stabilizing intra-dimer sling. Analysis of sample polymorphism shows that VP39 assembles in several closely-related helical geometries. This VP39 reconstruction reveals general principles for baculoviral nucleocapsid assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M C Benning
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Simon Jenni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Coby Y Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tran H Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Luke H Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Chakraborty M, Powichrowski J, Bruder MR, Nielsen L, Sung C, Boegel SJ, Aucoin MG. Probing Baculovirus Vector Gene Essentiality for Foreign Gene Expression Using a CRISPR-Cas9 System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2829:127-156. [PMID: 38951331 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3961-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has now found acceptance in both research laboratories and industry, which can be attributed to many of its key features including the limited host range of the vectors, their non-pathogenicity to humans, and the mammalian-like post-translational modification (PTMs) that can be achieved in insect cells. In fact, this system acts as a middle ground between prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to produce complex biologics. Still, industrial use of the BEVS lags compared to other platforms. We have postulated that one reason for this has been a lack of genetic tools that can complement the study of baculovirus vectors, while a second reason is the co-production of the baculovirus vector with the desired product. While some genetic enhancements have been made to improve the BEVS as a production platform, the genome remains under-scrutinized. This chapter outlines the methodology for a CRISPR-Cas9-based transfection-infection assay to probe the baculovirus genome for essential/nonessential genes that can potentially maximize foreign gene expression under a promoter of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuja Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Powichrowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Bruder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Scott J Boegel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Aucoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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8
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Loup-Forest J, Matuchet M, Schnitzler C, Pichard S, Poterszman A. A Time and Cost-Effective Pipeline for Expression Screening and Protein Production in Insect Cells Based on the HR-Bac Toolbox to Generate Recombinant Baculoviruses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2829:21-48. [PMID: 38951325 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3961-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is recognized as a powerful platform for producing challenging proteins and multiprotein complexes both in academia and industry. Since a baculovirus was first used to produce heterologous human IFN-β protein in insect cells, the BEVS has continuously been developed and its applications expanded. We have recently established a multigene expression toolbox (HR-bac) composed of a set of engineered bacmids expressing a fluorescent marker to monitor virus propagation and a library of transfer vectors. Unlike platforms that rely on Tn7-medidated transposition for the construction of baculoviruses, HR-bac relies on homologous recombination, which allows to evaluate expression constructs in 2 weeks and is thus perfectly adapted to parallel expression screening. In this chapter, we detail our standard operating procedures for the preparation of the reagents, the construction and evaluation of baculoviruses, and the optimization of protein production for both intracellularly expressed and secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Loup-Forest
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Integrated Structural Biology Department, Center for Integrated Structural Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, BP, Illkirch, France
| | - Manon Matuchet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Integrated Structural Biology Department, Center for Integrated Structural Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, BP, Illkirch, France
| | - Charlotte Schnitzler
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Integrated Structural Biology Department, Center for Integrated Structural Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, BP, Illkirch, France
| | - Simon Pichard
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Integrated Structural Biology Department, Center for Integrated Structural Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, BP, Illkirch, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Integrated Structural Biology Department, Center for Integrated Structural Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, BP, Illkirch, France.
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9
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Rangarajan S, von Berg G, Allen H, Mitchell C. Protein Production at the 100L Scale. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2829:195-202. [PMID: 38951335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3961-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) has revolutionized the field of recombinant protein expression by enabling efficient and high yield production. The platform offers many advantages including manufacturing speed, flexible design, and scalability. In this chapter, we describe the methods including strategies and considerations to successfully optimize and scale-up using BEVS as a tool for production (Fig. 1). As an illustrative case study, we present an example focused on the production of a viral glycoprotein.
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10
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Chauhan S, Khasa YP. Challenges and Opportunities in the Process Development of Chimeric Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1828. [PMID: 38140232 PMCID: PMC10747103 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are integral to human life to protect them from life-threatening diseases. However, conventional vaccines often suffer limitations like inefficiency, safety concerns, unavailability for non-culturable microbes, and genetic variability among pathogens. Chimeric vaccines combine multiple antigen-encoding genes of similar or different microbial strains to protect against hyper-evolving drug-resistant pathogens. The outbreaks of dreadful diseases have led researchers to develop economical chimeric vaccines that can cater to a large population in a shorter time. The process development begins with computationally aided omics-based approaches to design chimeric vaccines. Furthermore, developing these vaccines requires optimizing upstream and downstream processes for mass production at an industrial scale. Owing to the complex structures and complicated bioprocessing of evolving pathogens, various high-throughput process technologies have come up with added advantages. Recent advancements in high-throughput tools, process analytical technology (PAT), quality-by-design (QbD), design of experiments (DoE), modeling and simulations, single-use technology, and integrated continuous bioprocessing have made scalable production more convenient and economical. The paradigm shift to innovative strategies requires significant attention to deal with major health threats at the global scale. This review outlines the challenges and emerging avenues in the bioprocess development of chimeric vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogender Pal Khasa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India;
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11
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Benning FMC, Jenni S, Garcia CY, Nguyen TH, Zhang X, Chao LH. Helical reconstruction of VP39 reveals principles for baculovirus nucleocapsid assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545104. [PMID: 37398449 PMCID: PMC10312762 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-infecting pathogens with wide applications as biological pesticides, in vitro protein production vehicles and gene therapy tools. Its cylindrical nucleocapsid, which encapsulates and protects the circular double-stranded viral DNA encoding proteins for viral replication and entry, is formed by the highly conserved major capsid protein VP39. The mechanism for VP39 assembly remains unknown. We determined a 3.2 Å electron cryomicroscopy helical reconstruction of an infectious nucleocapsid of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, revealing how dimers of VP39 assemble into a 14-stranded helical tube. We show that VP39 comprises a unique protein fold conserved across baculoviruses, which includes a Zinc finger domain and a stabilizing intra-dimer sling. Analysis of sample polymorphism revealed that VP39 assembles in several closely-related helical geometries. This VP39 reconstruction reveals general principles for baculoviral nucleocapsid assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M. C. Benning
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Jenni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Coby Y. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tran H. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke H. Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Ling Z, Zhang H, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhao J. A Subunit Vaccine Based on the VP2 Protein of Porcine Parvovirus 1 Induces a Strong Protective Effect in Pregnant Gilts. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1692. [PMID: 38006024 PMCID: PMC10675385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens that can cause reproductive disorder in sows. The VP2 protein of PPV1 is the most important immunogenic protein that induces neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. Thus, VP2 is considered an ideal target antigen for the development of a genetically engineered PPV1 vaccine. In this study, the baculovirus transfer vector carrying the HR5-P10-VP2 expression cassette was successfully constructed with the aim of increasing the expression levels of the VP2 protein. The VP2 protein was confirmed using SDS‒PAGE and Western blot analyses. Electronic microscope analysis showed that the recombinant VP2 proteins were capable of self-assembling into VLPs with a diameter of approximately 25 nm. The immunogenicity of the VP2 subunit vaccine was evaluated in pigs. The results showed that VP2 protein emulsified with ISA 201VG adjuvant induced higher levels of HI antibodies and neutralizing antibodies than VP2 protein emulsified with IMS 1313VG adjuvant. Furthermore, the gilts immunized with the ISA 201VG 20 μg subunit vaccine acquired complete protection against PPV1 HN2019 infection. In contrast, the commercial inactivated vaccine provided incomplete protection in gilts. Therefore, the VP2 subunit vaccine is a promising genetically engineered vaccine for the prevention and control of PPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanye Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Xinxin Livestock Co., Ltd., Huang-Fan Qu, Zhoukou 466600, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Leqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Setyo Utomo DI, Suhaimi H, Muhammad Azami NA, Azmi F, Mohd Amin MCI, Xu J. An Overview of Recent Developments in the Application of Antigen Displaying Vaccine Platforms: Hints for Future SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1506. [PMID: 37766182 PMCID: PMC10536610 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a great effort has been devoted to studying attenuated and subunit vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 since its outbreak in December 2019. It is known that diverse virus-like particles (VLPs) are extensively employed as carriers to display various antigenic and immunostimulatory cargo modules for vaccine development. Single or multiple antigens or antigenic domains such as the spike or nucleocapsid protein or their variants from SARS-CoV-2 could also be incorporated into VLPs via either a genetic or chemical display approach. Such antigen display platforms would help screen safer and more effective vaccine candidates capable of generating a strong immune response with or without adjuvant. This review aims to provide valuable insights for the future development of SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccines by summarizing the latest updates and perspectives on the vaccine development of VLP platforms for genetic and chemical displaying antigens from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doddy Irawan Setyo Utomo
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gedung 611, LAPTIAB, KST Habibie, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia;
| | - Hamizah Suhaimi
- Centre of Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (H.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.I.M.A.)
| | - Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre of Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (H.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.I.M.A.)
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre of Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (H.S.); (F.A.); (M.C.I.M.A.)
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biology and Information Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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14
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Zhao Z, Deng J, Fan D. Green biomanufacturing in recombinant collagen biosynthesis: trends and selection in various expression systems. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5439-5461. [PMID: 37401335 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, classically derived from animal tissue, is an all-important protein material widely used in biomedical materials, cosmetics, fodder, food, etc. The production of recombinant collagen through different biological expression systems using bioengineering techniques has attracted significant interest in consideration of increasing market demand and the process complexity of extraction. Green biomanufacturing of recombinant collagen has become one of the focus topics. While the bioproduction of recombinant collagens (type I, II, III, etc.) has been commercialized in recent years, the biosynthesis of recombinant collagen is extremely challenging due to protein immunogenicity, yield, degradation, and other issues. The rapid development of synthetic biology allows us to perform a heterologous expression of proteins in diverse expression systems, thus optimizing the production and bioactivities of recombinant collagen. This review describes the research progress in the bioproduction of recombinant collagen over the past two decades, focusing on different expression systems (prokaryotic organisms, yeasts, plants, insects, mammalian and human cells, etc.). We also discuss the challenges and future trends in developing market-competitive recombinant collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Hong Q, Liu J, Wei Y, Wei X. Application of Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1218. [PMID: 37515034 PMCID: PMC10386281 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to control epidemics. With the deepening of people's awareness of vaccination, there is a high demand for vaccination. Hence, a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective vaccine platform is urgently needed. The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has emerged as a promising technology for vaccine production due to its high safety, rapid production, flexible product design, and scalability. In this review, we introduced the development history of BEVS and the procedures for preparing recombinant protein vaccines using the BEVS platform and summarized the features and limitations of this platform. Furthermore, we highlighted the progress of the BEVS platform-related research, especially in the field of vaccine. Finally, we provided a new prospect for BEVS in future vaccine manufacturing, which may pave the way for future BEVS-derived vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Hong
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Baculovirus Display of Peptides and Proteins for Medical Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020411. [PMID: 36851625 PMCID: PMC9962271 DOI: 10.3390/v15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviridae is a large family of arthropod-infective viruses. Recombinant baculoviruses have many applications, the best known is as a system for large scale protein production in combination with insect cell cultures. More recently recombinant baculoviruses have been utilized for the display of proteins of interest with applications in medicine. In the present review we analyze the different strategies for the display of proteins and peptides on the surface of recombinant baculoviruses and provide some examples of the different proteins displayed. We analyze briefly the commercially available systems for recombinant baculovirus production and display and discuss the future of this emerging and powerful technology.
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17
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Gorgoglione B, Liu JT, Li J, Vakharia VN. The efficacy of new oral vaccine feeds against Salmonid novirhabdovirus in rainbow trout. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100082. [PMID: 36660300 PMCID: PMC9842750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonid novirhabdovirus (IHNV) causes infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in salmonid species. Despite an injectable plasmid-based DNA vaccine of the glycoprotein (G) gene is effective, there are no oral vaccines for mass vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Recombinant baculoviruses were generated, used in cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) insect larvae to produce IHNV G and IHNV G-C5a proteins. Western blotting and chemiluminescence assays confirmed the expression of recombinant proteins, which were added to the fish feeding and top-coated with unflavored gelatin binder. Commercial rainbow trout were fed with experimental diets containing either IHNV G or IHNV G-C5a proteins for 2 weeks, and boosted 4 weeks after. Four weeks post-booster, fish were challenged with IHNV by immersion. Survival upon the infection challenge was evaluated. Spleen were sampled at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Non-vaccinated and IHNV G fed trout reached a mortality of 91.7 and 97.6%, and 70.9 and 88.4%, respectively at 8 and 15 dpi. The IHNV G-C5a fed group exhibited a reduced mortality of 51.2% at 8 dpi, reaching 81.7% at 15 dpi, suggesting some level of antiviral protection. The individual viral load was measured by RT-qPCR detection of IHNV N gene, showing no significant difference across experimental groups. The transcription modulation of selected immune response markers was evaluated across experimental groups, including Type I IFN-a, Mx-1, CD4, and IgM. Further study is needed to assess how new oral vaccines may become effective to mitigate IHNV pathogenesis in juvenile trout by modulating the host immune response to protect towards IHNV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Corresponding authors.
| | - Juan-Ting Liu
- Fish Pathobiology and Immunology Laboratory, Dept. Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation (CVM)/ Dept. Fisheries and Wildlife (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, United States,Corresponding authors.
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18
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Xu J, Sekiguchi T, Boonyakida J, Kato T, Park EY. Display of multiple proteins on engineered canine parvovirus-like particles expressed in cultured silkworm cells and silkworm larvae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1096363. [PMID: 36873345 PMCID: PMC9977810 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1096363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress has been made dramatically in decorating virus-like particles (VLPs) on the surface or inside with functional molecules, such as antigens or nucleic acids. However, it is still challenging to display multiple antigens on the surface of VLP to meet the requirement as a practical vaccine candidate. Herein this study, we focus on the expression and engineering of the capsid protein VP2 of canine parvovirus for VLP display in the silkworm-expression system. The chemistry of the SpyTag/SpyCatcher (SpT/SpC) and SnoopTag/SnoopCatcher (SnT/SnC) are efficient protein covalent ligation systems to modify VP2 genetically, where SpyTag/SnoopTag are inserted into the N-terminus or two distinct loop regions (Lx and L2) of VP2. The SpC-EGFP and SnC-mCherry are employed as model proteins to evaluate their binding and display on six SnT/SnC-modified VP2 variants. From a series of protein binding assays between indicated protein partners, we showed that the VP2 variant with SpT inserted at the L2 region significantly enhanced VLP display to 80% compared to 5.4% from N-terminal SpT-fused VP2-derived VLPs. In contrast, the VP2 variant with SpT at the Lx region failed to form VLPs. Moreover, the SpT (Lx)/SnT (L2) double-engineered chimeric VP2 variants showed covalent conjugation capacity to both SpC/SnC protein partners. The orthogonal ligations between those binding partners were confirmed by both mixing purified proteins and co-infecting cultured silkworm cells or larvae with desired recombinant viruses. Our results indicate that a convenient VLP display platform was successfully developed for multiple antigen displays on demand. Further verifications can be performed to assess its capacity for displaying desirable antigens and inducing a robust immune response to targeted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Sekiguchi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jirayu Boonyakida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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19
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Sari-Ak D, Alomari O, Shomali RA, Lim J, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 for the Baculovirus Vector System: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2022; 15:54. [PMID: 36680093 PMCID: PMC9864449 DOI: 10.3390/v15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) have been widely used for the recombinant production of proteins in insect cells and with high insert capacity. However, baculovirus does not replicate in mammalian cells; thus, the BacMam system, a heterogenous expression system that can infect certain mammalian cells, was developed. Since then, the BacMam system has enabled transgene expression via mammalian-specific promoters in human cells, and later, the MultiBacMam system enabled multi-protein expression in mammalian cells. In this review, we will cover the continual development of the BEVS in combination with CRPISPR-Cas technologies to drive genome-editing in mammalian cells. Additionally, we highlight the use of CRISPR-Cas in glycoengineering to potentially produce a new class of glycoprotein medicines in insect cells. Moreover, we anticipate CRISPR-Cas9 to play a crucial role in the development of protein expression systems, gene therapy, and advancing genome engineering applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omar Alomari
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey; (O.A.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Raghad Al Shomali
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey; (O.A.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Improved Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Using the Insect Cell-Baculovirus System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122794. [PMID: 36560798 PMCID: PMC9785345 DOI: 10.3390/v14122794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect cell-baculovirus expression vector system is one of the most established platforms to produce biological products, and it plays a fundamental role in the context of COVID-19 emergency, providing recombinant proteins for treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. SARS-CoV-2 infection is mediated by the interaction of the spike glycoprotein trimer via its receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the host's cellular receptor. As RBD is required for many applications, in the context of pandemic it is important to meet the challenge of producing a high amount of recombinant RBD (rRBD). For this reason, in the present study, we developed a process based on Sf9 insect cells to improve rRBD yield. rRBD was recovered from the supernatant of infected cells and easily purified by metal ion affinity chromatography, with a yield of 82% and purity higher than 95%. Expressed under a novel chimeric promoter (polh-pSeL), the yield of rRBD after purification was 21.1 ± 3.7 mg/L, which is the highest performance described in Sf9 cell lines. Finally, rRBD was successfully used in an assay to detect specific antibodies in COVID-19 serum samples. The efficient strategy herein described has the potential to produce high-quality rRBD in Sf9 cell line for diagnostic purpose.
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