Personality and weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Psychological determinants of the effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in overweight and obese women-a randomized controlled trial

Introduction

Previous studies investigating the effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in body weight reduction provided unequivocal results. We hypothesized that psychological factors such as self-efficacy, locus of control or dispositional optimism can affect the success of the intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the psychological factors that modulate the effectiveness of CLA supplementation in overweight or obese women and affect the ability to successfully complete the study.

Methods

In total, 74 subjects were recruited into this three-month randomized trial and divided into intervention and control groups receiving, respectively, capsules containing 3 g 80% CLA per day and capsules containing 3 g of sunflower oil. The following psychological tests were performed before the intervention: Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Acceptance of Illness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES), Health Behavior Inventory scale and Life Orientation Test (LOT-R).

Results

A total of 60 women completed the study and the subjects who dropped out obtained higher scores in the GSES (p = 0.0490) and the LOT-R (p = 0.0087) tests than subjects who completed the trial. Besides, multivariate linear regression demonstrated that the SWLS test (p = 0.0345) results were independent predictors of body weight changes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, psychological factors like self-efficacy and optimism may be associated with a higher risk of withdrawal from the study, while satisfaction with life may have an impact on the effectiveness of body weight reduction.Clinical trial registration: [https://drks.de/search/en], identifier [DRKS00010462].

Why Should Diabetic Women Be Active?-The Role of Personality, Self-Esteem, Body-Esteem, and Imagery

Diabetes is one of the fastest spreading diseases in the 21st century. The aim of the study is twofold: (1) to find differences in personality traits, self-esteem, body-esteem, and imagery between healthy women and women with diabetes; (2) to verify whether there are differences in the analyzed factors among women with diabetes who engage in sports compared to those who do not. We used 3 questionnaires: Imagination in Sport-short form, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and BFIS Personality, which were tested online. We found that women with diabetes were characterized by significantly higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and higher conscientiousness (marginally significant). We also found that women with diabetes who practice sport rated their bodies more highly in terms of sexual attractiveness and made better use of imagined affirmations than women without diabetes who were not active. Our study provides new insights into diabetics in terms of women navigating the disease.

Psychosocial markers of pre-hospital delay in patients with diabetic foot: A cross-sectional survey

AIM

This study aimed to determine the psychosocial markers associated with pre-hospital delay among patients with diabetic foot (DF).

DESIGN

This study has a cross-sectional design.

METHODS

The participants completed a questionnaire including pre-hospital time, demographic characteristics, Social Support Rate Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and Type D Personality Scale-14. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore independent associations with pre-hospital delay.

RESULTS

Only 1.8% (3/164) of participants arrived at the hospital for medical care in 24 h of symptom onset. Patients with low utilization of social support (p = 0.029), low negative illness perceptions (p = 0.014) and high levels of negative affectivity (p = 0.009) are likely to arrive late at the clinic. Medical staff should pay attention to identifying diabetic patients' Type D personalities and take actions to improve their social support as well as illness perception, so as to reduce the occurrence of hospital delay.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE

Psychosocial factors play a vital role in the delay in seeking medical treatment for patients with DF. Medical staff need to improve patients' illness perception as well as self-management ability through health education. Importantly, key family members provide an emotional and psychological support system for diabetic patients. Therefore, nurses need to work with family members together to give information and psychological support during family visits. Additionally, building and maintaining trust with patients is crucial to encouraging individuals to express their concerns and worries. In this case, nurses may identify patients' negative emotions and conduct timely intervention, so as to achieve favourable outcomes.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

This study used a convenience sample of 164 participants with DF recruited from the wound clinic of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital and Yangzhou Hospital of TCM in China.

Association of Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diabetes self-care is critical for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and exploring the impact of personality traits on this domain remains pivotal. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality traits and various dimensions of self-care in people with T2DM. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA)-guided systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies, that met our inclusion criteria, revealed distinct associations between certain personality traits and various aspects of self-care. Notably, traits such as openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness showed associations with improved foot care compliance (odds ratio (OR) = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.49-4.28; OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.10-3.08; and OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.23-3.48, respectively). Openness was also linked to better overall self-care behaviors (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.17-3.41), while conscientiousness correlated with reduced smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99), and agreeableness was associated with improved medication adherence (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.34-2.31). Conversely, traits like extraversion and neuroticism showed associations with decreased medication adherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.96 and OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.40-0.65, respectively), with neuroticism additionally linked to lower overall self-care behaviors (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55-0.81). This study emphasizes the intricate role of personality traits in shaping self-care practices in individuals with T2DM, underscoring the significance of factoring these traits into tailoring and improving diabetes self-care strategies. Nevertheless, establishing definitive causal relationships mandates further in-depth longitudinal investigations and broader meta-analyses to achieve a more conclusive understanding.