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Budnik-Przybylska D, Fituch M, Kowalewska A. Why Should Diabetic Women Be Active?-The Role of Personality, Self-Esteem, Body-Esteem, and Imagery. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:857. [PMID: 38667619 PMCID: PMC11050508 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the fastest spreading diseases in the 21st century. The aim of the study is twofold: (1) to find differences in personality traits, self-esteem, body-esteem, and imagery between healthy women and women with diabetes; (2) to verify whether there are differences in the analyzed factors among women with diabetes who engage in sports compared to those who do not. We used 3 questionnaires: Imagination in Sport-short form, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and BFIS Personality, which were tested online. We found that women with diabetes were characterized by significantly higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and higher conscientiousness (marginally significant). We also found that women with diabetes who practice sport rated their bodies more highly in terms of sexual attractiveness and made better use of imagined affirmations than women without diabetes who were not active. Our study provides new insights into diabetics in terms of women navigating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Sport Psychology Division, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Kowalewska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland;
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Syty P, Kaźmierczak M, Przybylski J, Doliński Ł, Łabuda M, Jasik P, Kastrau A, di Fronso S, Bertollo M. Psychophysiological strategies for enhancing performance through imagery-skin conductance level analysis in guided vs. self-produced imagery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5197. [PMID: 38431722 PMCID: PMC10908843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Athletes need to achieve their optimal level of arousal for peak performance. Visualization or mental rehearsal (i.e., Imagery) often helps to obtain an appropriate level of activation, which can be detected by monitoring Skin Conductance Level (SCL). However, different types of imagery could elicit different amount of physiological arousal. Therefore, this study aims: (1) to investigate differences in SCL associated with two instructional modalities of imagery (guided vs. self-produced) and six different scripts; (2) to check if SCL could differentiate respondents according to their sport expertise. Thirty participants, aged between 14 and 42 years (M = 22.93; SD = 5.24), with different sport levels took part in the study. Participants listened to each previously recorded script and then were asked to imagine the scene for a minute. During the task, SCL was monitored. We analysed the mean value, variance, slope and number of fluctuations per minute of the electrodermal signal. Unsupervised machine learning models were used for measuring the resemblance of the signal. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for distinguishing guided and self-produced imagery, and The Mann-Whitney U test was used for distinguishing results of different level athletes. We discovered that among others, self-produced imagery generates lower SCL, higher variance, and a higher number of fluctuations compared to guided imagery. Moreover, we found similarities of the SCL signal among the groups of athletes (i.e. expertise level). From a practical point of view, our findings suggest that different imagery instructional modalities can be implemented for specific purposes of mental preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Division of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paweł Syty
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Division of Family Studies and Quality of Life, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Division of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Doliński
- Department of Biomechatronics, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Łabuda
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patryk Jasik
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Kastrau
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Selenia di Fronso
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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di Fronso S, Budnik-Przybylska D. Special Issue: Sport Psychology Interventions for Athletes' Performance and Well-Being. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3712. [PMID: 36834406 PMCID: PMC9966451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence highlights that sport psychology interventions adopted by professionals are crucial for making a difference in athlete performance [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Selenia di Fronso
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Sport Psychology Division, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Huzarska I, Karasiewicz K. Does Imagery Ability Matter for the Relationship Between Temperament and Self-Confidence in Team and Individual Sport Disciplines? Front Psychol 2022; 13:893457. [PMID: 35898998 PMCID: PMC9311684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship among temperamental traits, a general tendency to use imagery, and self-confidence in sport. The specific aim was to verify if general imagery mediates the relationship between temperament and self-confidence in sport, but also with respect to individual and team sport disciplines. The study involved 144 athletes aged 19-25 years (75 men and 69 women) with different lengths of training (from 1 month to 18 years) and presented different sports levels: international (n = 12), national (n = 46), and recreational (n = 86). They also represented individual (n = 73) and team (n = 68) sports. The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire (ISQ), Trait Sports Confidence Inventory (TSCI-PL), and Temperament Questionnaire (EAS) were all completed by the participants. Results indicate that self-confidence is explained in about 13% by temperament and general imagery, but only general imagery (b = 0.22; p < 0.05) and negative axes of the temperament-emotionality (b = -0.26; p < 0.05). The test of the indirect effect of the negative axes of the temperament on self-confidence through general imagery, conducted by Preacher and Hayes bootstrapping procedure, revealed significant mediation [b = 0.37; 95% CI = (0.09; 0.68); R 2 Med = 0.46] suggesting that about 46% of variance explained in self-confidence by emotionality is related to general imagery. The other 3% of variance explained in self-confidence by the positive temperament axes is related to general imagery, however, it was insignificant. The general imagery explains the relationship between emotionality and self-confidence only in individual sports athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Huzarska
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Kastrau A, Jasik P, Kaźmierczak M, Doliński Ł, Syty P, Łabuda M, Przybylski J, di Fronso S, Bertollo M. Neural Oscillation During Mental Imagery in Sport: An Olympic Sailor Case Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:669422. [PMID: 34140884 PMCID: PMC8205149 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.669422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the cortical correlates of imagery depending on instructional modality (guided vs. self-produced) using various sports-related scripts. According to the expert-performance approach, we took an idiosyncratic perspective analyzing the mental imagery of an experienced two-time Olympic athlete to verify whether different instructional modalities of imagery (i.e., guided vs. self-produced) and different scripts (e.g., training or competition environment) could differently involve brain activity. The subject listened to each previously recorded script taken from two existing questionnaires concerning imagery ability in sport and then was asked to imagine the scene for a minute. During the task, brain waves were monitored using EEG (32-channel g. Nautilus). Our findings indicate that guided imagery might induce higher high alpha and SMR (usually associated with selective attention), whereas self-produced imagery might facilitate higher low alpha (associated with global resting state and relaxation). Results are discussed in light of the neural efficiency hypothesis as a marker of optimal performance and transient hypofrontality as a marker of flow state. Practical mental training recommendations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Kastrau
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Information, Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patryk Jasik
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Information, Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Department of Family Studies and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Doliński
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.,BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Syty
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Information, Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Łabuda
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Information, Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.,BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Selenia di Fronso
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Laskowski R, Pawlicka P, Anikiej-Wiczenbach P, Łada-Maśko A, Szumilewicz A, Makurat F, Przybylski J, Soya H, Kaźmierczak M. Do Physical Activity and Personality Matter for Hair Cortisol Concentration and Self-Reported Stress in Pregnancy? A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218050. [PMID: 33139602 PMCID: PMC7663188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity reduces psychosocial stress in pregnant women. Stress levels might be self-reported (psychosocial) or measured with biomarkers, one of which is hair cortisol concentration (HCC). Additionally, personality has been associated with stress and physical activity. Methods: The first aim of our study was to explore the differences in self-reported stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and in HCC with regard to physical activity level in pregnant (N = 29) and non-pregnant (N = 21) women. The second aim was to analyze the correlations among perceived stress, HCC, frequency of exercise and personality in the two groups separately. Results: There was a significant difference in frequency of exercise and self-reported stress between the two groups, with a lower level in pregnant women, but no differences in HCC and in personality were found. In the group of pregnant women, there was a significant negative correlation between HCC and frequency of exercise sessions, with the latter correlating positively with openness to experience. In the group of non-pregnant women, perceived stress negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. HCC correlated negatively with conscientiousness. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the importance of physical activity programs dedicated to pregnant women for their life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport; 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Pawlicka
- Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Psychology of Gender, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach
- Psychological Counseling for Rare Genetic Diseases Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Ariadna Łada-Maśko
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Anna Szumilewicz
- Department of Fitness, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Franciszek Makurat
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Tsukuba, Japan;
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Department of Family Studies and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Karasiewicz K, Kukiełko T. IMAGERY, PERSONALITY AND INJURY PERCEPTION IN SPORT – MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF INJURY PERCEPTION AND IMAGERY. Acta Neuropsychologica 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Imagery is an often used technique in psychological mental training and here also during rehabilitation. Imagery ability enhances imagery use. The perception of injury but also individual differences themselves influence the rehabilitation outcome. The first purpose of the study was to examine the mediation effect of injury perception between general imagery and rehabilitation imagery. Our second aim was to examine the mediating effects of the general ten dency to employ imagery within the relationship between personality and the imagery of rehabilitation itself.
The studyinvolved 56 athletes (37 men and 19 women) suffered a physical injury. The respondents were asked to provide demographic information and then to complete following questionnaires: The Athletic Injury ImageryQuestionnaire-AIIQ-2, (Sordoni et al., 2002), The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire (Budnik-Przybylska, 2014) – short version, and Blecharz’s Scale of Perception of Injury in Sport (SPUwS) (Blecharz, 2008). Series of mediation analyses were performed to estimate the strength of the indirect relationship between the general tendency to use imagery and the use of imagery in rehabilitation.
It was fund that the general tendency to use imagery turned out to
have a strong direct effect on rehabilitation imagery. Reflection and
seeking positive sides turned out to be a mediator between general
tendency to use imagery and all rehabilitation imagery dimensions.
Reflection has the strongest effect between the general tendency
to use imagery and cognitive specific imagery. General tendency
to use imagery mediates the relationship between personality and
imagery of rehabilitation. Some personality traits also influence
directly imagery of rehabilitation.
Our findings have revealed that the general tendency to use ima - gery may strengthen the relationship between personality and rehabilitation imagery. It may help to adjust the methods which might positively influence the rehabilitation process.
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Przybylski J, Przybylski S. Does higher effectiveness mean better mood? Training effectiveness and mood alternations in the national finswimming team – An interdisciplinary study. BJHPA 2018. [DOI: 10.29359/bjhpa.10.4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bidzan-Bluma I, Pielak M, Budnik-Przybylska D. THE DYNAMICS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING A CONTESTANT FOR A TRIATHLON. A CASE STUDY WITH THE USE OF THE AUTHOR’S NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM. Acta Neuropsychologica 2017. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
[b]Background: [/b]The aim of the research project was to prepare a person who does not do much sport and has never taken part in a triathlon, to become a contestant in Ironman, i.e., swim for 3.86 km (2.4 miles), ride a bike for 180.2 km (112 miles) and run for 42.195 km (26.2 miles – the marathon distance). The preparatory period was from January 2015 to June 2016. The author’s neuropsychological training program was applied. It consists of exercises increasing attention span, enhancing episodic and spatial memory. [b]Material/ Methods:[/b]The authors of the project assumed that three Ironman disciplines, i.e., swimming, cycling and running, should be enriched with two additional modules which would ensure the optimum training of the contestant: psychological training and diet. All this should be supported by biological regeneration and relaxation. For the first three months the future contestant was exercising his attention and taking part in relaxation sessions once a week. For the subsequent six months the frequency of the former increased to two times a week, and the latter – three times a week. [b]Results: [/b]It was found that the neuropsychological training program was effective; already after half a year from the implementation of the training plans, the contestant improved the scope of memorized material significantly, enhanced the level of attention focus and achieved a higher level of visualisation when imagining himself in a relaxing place; meanwhile, a lower level of attention focus was observed when he was visualising swimming, which may indicate that this activity was automated. [b]Conclusions: [/b]Multidimensional preparation for a sporting competition, including neuropsychological training, was effective for an increased level of attention focus and visual-spatial memory improved visualization skills, the ability to relax quickly and effectively, and the ability to enter the flow state were effective for our sportsman.
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