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Memon S, Wang Z, Zou WQ, Kim YC, Jeong BH. First Report of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Leporine Shadow of Prion Protein Gene ( SPRN) and Absence of Nonsynonymous SNPs in the Open Reading Frame (ORF) in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1807. [PMID: 38929426 PMCID: PMC11200826 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prion disorders are fatal infectious diseases that are caused by a buildup of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in susceptible mammals. According to new findings, the shadow of prion protein (Sho) encoded by the shadow of prion protein gene (SPRN) is associated with prion protein (PrP), promoting the progression of prion diseases. Although genetic polymorphisms in SPRN are associated with susceptibility to several prion diseases, genetic polymorphisms in the rabbit SPRN gene have not been investigated in depth. We discovered two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leporine SPRN gene on chromosome 18 and found strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between them. Additionally, strong LD was not found between the polymorphisms of PRNP and SPRN genes in rabbits. Furthermore, nonsynonymous SNPs that alter the amino acid sequences within the open reading frame (ORF) of SPRN have been observed in prion disease-susceptible animals, but this is the first report in rabbits. As far as we are aware, this study represents the first examination of the genetic features of the rabbit SPRN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameeullah Memon
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Zerui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Z.W.); (W.-Q.Z.)
| | - Wen-Quan Zou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Z.W.); (W.-Q.Z.)
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (Z.W.); (W.-Q.Z.)
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Choi DI, Zayed M, Kim YC, Jeong BH. Novel polymorphisms and genetic studies of the shadow of prion protein gene ( SPRN) in pheasants. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1399548. [PMID: 38812560 PMCID: PMC11135176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1399548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prion diseases in mammals are caused by the structural conversion of the natural prion protein (PrPC) to a pathogenic isoform, the "scrapie form of prion protein (PrPSc)." Several studies reported that the shadow of prion protein (Sho), encoded by the shadow of prion protein gene (SPRN), is involved in prion disease development by accelerating the conformational conversion of PrPC to PrPSc. Until now, genetic polymorphisms of the SPRN gene and the protein structure of Sho related to fragility to prion disease have not been investigated in pheasants, which are a species of poultry. Methods Here, we identified the SPRN gene sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared the SPRN gene and Sho protein sequences among various prion disease-susceptible and -resistant species to identify the distinctive genetic features of pheasant Sho using Clustal Omega. In addition, we investigated genetic polymorphisms of the SPRN gene in pheasants and analyzed genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies, as well as linkage disequilibrium among the genetic polymorphisms. Furthermore, we used in silico programs, namely Mutpred2, MUpro and AMYCO, to investigate the effect of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, the predicted secondary and tertiary structures of Sho proteins from various species were analyzed by Alphafold2. Results In the present study, we reported pheasant SPRN gene sequences for the first time and identified a total of 14 novel SNPs, including 7 non-synonymous and 4 synonymous SNPs. In addition, the pheasant Sho protein sequence showed 100% identity with the chicken Sho protein sequence. Furthermore, amino acid substitutions were predicted to affect the hydrogen bond distribution in the 3D structure of the pheasant Sho protein. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the genetic and structural features of the pheasant SPRN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-In Choi
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed Zayed
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Codognoto VM, de Souza FF, Cataldi TR, Labate CA, de Camargo LS, Scott C, da Rosa Filho RR, de Carvalho NAT, Oba E. Uterine secretome: What do the proteins say about maternal-fetal communication in buffaloes? J Proteomics 2024; 290:105023. [PMID: 37838095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to compare the UF proteomics of pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo during early pregnancy. Forty-four females were submitted to hormonal estrus synchronization and randomly divided into two groups: pregnant (n = 30) and non-pregnant (n = 14). The pregnant group was artificially inseminated and divided into a further two groups: P12 (n = 15) and P18 (n = 15). Conceptus and uterine fluid samples were collected during slaughter at, respectively, 12 and 18 days after insemination. Of all the inseminated females, only eight animals in each group were pregnant, which reduced the sample of the groups to P12 (n = 8) and P18 (n = 8). The non-pregnant group was also re-divided into two groups at the end of synchronization: NP12 (n = 7) and NP18 (n = 7). The UF samples were processed for proteomic analysis. The results were submitted to multivariate and univariate analysis. A total of 1068 proteins were found in the uterine fluid in both groups. Our results describe proteins involved in the conceptus elongation and maternal recognition of pregnancy, and their action was associated with cell growth, endometrial remodeling, and modulation of immune and antioxidant protection, mechanisms necessary for embryonic maintenance in the uterine environment. SIGNIFICANCE: Uterine fluid is a substance synthesized and secreted by the endometrium that plays essential roles during pregnancy in ruminants, contributing significantly to embryonic development. Understanding the functions that the proteins present in the UF perform during early pregnancy, a period marked by embryonic implantation, and maternal recognition of pregnancy is of fundamental importance to understanding the mechanisms necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy. The present study characterized and compared the UF proteome at the beginning of pregnancy in pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes to correlate the functions of the proteins and the stage of development of the conceptus and unravel their processes in maternal recognition of pregnancy. The proteins found were involved in cell growth and endometrial remodeling, in addition to acting in the immunological protection of the conceptus and performing antioxidant actions necessary for establishing a pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Maria Codognoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Regiani Cataldi
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Laíza Sartori de Camargo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Scott
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rodrigues da Rosa Filho
- Department of Animal Reproduction - School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nélcio Antonio Tonizza de Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit of Registro / Diversified Animal Science Research Center / Institute of Animal Science, Registro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eunice Oba
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Merges GE, Arévalo L, Kovacevic A, Lohanadan K, de Rooij DG, Simon C, Jokwitz M, Witke W, Schorle H. Actl7b deficiency leads to mislocalization of LC8 type dynein light chains and disruption of murine spermatogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201593. [PMID: 37800308 PMCID: PMC10652042 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin-related proteins (Arps) are classified according to their similarity to actin and are involved in diverse cellular processes. ACTL7B is a testis-specific Arp, and is highly conserved in rodents and primates. ACTL7B is specifically expressed in round and elongating spermatids during spermiogenesis. Here, we have generated an Actl7b-null allele in mice to unravel the role of ACTL7B in sperm formation. Male mice homozygous for the Actl7b-null allele (Actl7b-/-) were infertile, whereas heterozygous males (Actl7b+/-) were fertile. Severe spermatid defects, such as detached acrosomes, disrupted membranes and flagella malformations start to appear after spermiogenesis step 9 in Actl7b-/- mice, finally resulting in spermatogenic arrest. Abnormal spermatids were degraded and levels of autophagy markers were increased. Co-immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry experiments identified an interaction between ACTL7B and the LC8 dynein light chains DYNLL1 and DYNLL2, which are first detected in step 9 spermatids and mislocalized when ACTL7B is absent. Our data unequivocally establish that mutations in ACTL7B are directly related to male infertility, pressing for additional research in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina E. Merges
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Arévalo
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andjela Kovacevic
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Keerthika Lohanadan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk G. de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Simon
- Cell Migration Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Jokwitz
- Cell Migration Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Witke
- Cell Migration Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Lee JH, Park SH, Ryou C, Gye MC. Phthalate plasticizer decreases the prion-like protein doppel essential for structural integrity and function of spermatozoa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114159. [PMID: 36215882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), a well-known endocrine disruptor, causes male reproductive dysfunction. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we performed histological, endocrinological, and biochemical analyses and assessed the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis and sperm function according to OECD test guideline 407. Following 28 days of administration of the lowest observed adverse effect level dose of DBP to mice, no significant changes in body weight, testis and epididymis weights and histology, serum testosterone level, or testicular daily sperm production were found. Nonetheless, the motility of the epididymal sperm of the DBP group was significantly decreased together with an increase in the incidence of bent tails and abnormal heads. In the testes of the DBP group, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was significantly increased and testicular Bcl-2 mRNA level was significantly decreased together with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio. In the testes of the DBP group, levels of Prnd mRNA and protein and Pou4f1 mRNA, an activator of the Prnd promotor, were significantly decreased. Of note, prion-like protein doppel (PRND) was significantly decreased together with decreased PRND immunoreactivity in the head, midpiece, and tail of sperm. In the testes of the DBP group, levels of Sox9, Sgp1, and Sgp2 mRNA, which are functional Sertoli cell markers, were significantly decreased. Level of Amh mRNA, a Sertoli cell immaturity marker, was significantly increased together with that of Inha mRNA, suggesting deregulation of the brain-gonadal axis. Together, our findings suggest that DBP at present dosage may potentiate LPO generation and Sertoli cell immaturity via downregulation of Sox9 and disruption of the Pou4f1-Prnd gene network in post-meiotic germ cells without visible changes in spermatogenesis or testosterone level. This may result in structural and functional abnormalities in spermatozoa. Additionally, our findings suggest that assessment of the male reproductive toxicity of phthalate ester plasticizers based on conventional OECD test guidelines should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Institute for Natural Sciences and Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science, Institute for Natural Sciences and Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science, Institute for Natural Sciences and Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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The First Report of Genetic Polymorphisms of the Equine SPRN Gene in Outbred Horses, Jeju and Halla Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092574. [PMID: 34573540 PMCID: PMC8467739 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in various mammalian hosts. However, to date, prion disease has not been reported in horses. Since the Sho protein encoded by the shadow of the prion protein gene (SPRN) plays an essential role in the progression of prion diseases, we investigated the genetic characteristics of the equine SPRN gene in horses. We found four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the equine SPRN gene and significant different distributions among three horse breeds including Jeju, Halla and Thoroughbred horses. Although the polymorphisms affect the property of mRNA of the equine SPRN gene, it did not affect the sequence and structure of Sho protein. Since several non-synonymous SNPs of the SPRN gene have been reported in prion diseases-susceptible animals, the absence of non-synonymous SNP of the equine SPRN gene in the horses is noticeable. Abstract Prion disease is a fatal infectious disease caused by the accumulation of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in several mammals. However, to date, prion disease has not been reported in horses. The Sho protein encoded by the shadow of the prion protein gene (SPRN) plays an essential role in the pathomechanism of prion diseases. To date, the only genetic study of the equine SPRN gene has been reported in the inbred horse, Thoroughbred horse. We first discovered four SPRN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 141 Jeju and 88 Halla horses by direct DNA sequencing. In addition, we found that the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of these SNPs of Jeju horses were significantly different from those of Halla and Thoroughbred horses, this latter breed is also included in this study. Furthermore, we observed that the minimum free energy and mRNA secondary structure were significantly different according to haplotypes of equine SPRN polymorphisms by the RNAsnp program. Finally, we compared the SNPs in the coding sequence (CDS) of the SPRN gene between horses and prion disease-susceptible species. Notably, prion disease-susceptible animals had polymorphisms that cause amino acid changes in the open reading frame (ORF) of the SPRN gene, while these polymorphisms were not found in horses.
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Bi Y, Luo B, Zhang S, Li J, Yang Y, Lan X, Pan C. Investigation of Genetic Effects of Nucleotide Variants Within the Goat PRNT Gene on Growth Performance. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:321-326. [PMID: 34424814 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1964514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has firstly pointed that three nucleotide variants (g.-11C > T, g.117A > G, and g.149C > T) of the goat PRNT gene can significantly influence litter size. Given litter size is positively correlated with growth performance, we consider whether the PRNT gene also acts on the growth performance in goats. In this work, a correlation analysis among different litter size types and growth traits of Shaanbei white cashmere (SBWC) goats was performed, and results showed that a positive correlation did exist in our detected population (P < 0.01). Then, the association among different genotypes of three variations and goat growth performance was measured. Our results pointed to g.117A > G being significantly associated with the cannon circumference (P = 4.60E-05) while no significant effect was found between another two SNPs and growth traits after the Bonferroni's correction (P*n < 0.05). Together, this is the first report about the influence of the PRNT gene on the growth of goat and g.117A > G can be regarded as a possible DNA marker applying for MAS breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanggling, China
| | - Bihao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanggling, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanggling, China
| | - Yuta Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanggling, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanggling, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanggling, China
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Gonadal development and sex determination in mouse. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:115-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Louvandini H, Corrêa PS, Amorín R, Liu L, Ieda EH, Jimenez CR, Tsai SM, McManus CM, Peñagaricano F. Gestational and lactational exposure to gossypol alters the testis transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:59. [PMID: 31952482 PMCID: PMC6969474 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reproductive capacity can be altered by challenges experienced during critical periods of development, including fetal development and early neonatal life. Gossypol is a polyphenolic compound, commonly found in cotton seeds, that impairs male reproduction. Here, we investigated whether the exposure to gossypol in utero and during lactation alters male reproductive function in sheep. From conception until 60 days postpartum, ewes were randomly assigned to a control diet or a gossypol-rich diet based on cottonseed. Lamb testicles were removed at 60 days of age and subjected to RNA-sequencing. Results Lambs derived from the maternal cottonseed diet showed significantly lower growth and lower testis weight as a proportion of the total body weight, and reduced testosterone levels. In addition, the testis transcriptome was significantly altered by the maternal cottonseed diet. Most of the altered genes are directly implicated in testis development and sperm biology, cell communication, iron ion metabolism, calcium homeostasis and signaling, among other functions. Interestingly, network analysis revealed that exposure to gossypol significantly disturbed coexpression patterns among spermatogenesis-related genes, suggesting a disruption in coregulation mechanisms. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that maternal exposure to gossypol alters male reproductive function in the offspring, with potential lasting or lifelong negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Louvandini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Corrêa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Rocío Amorín
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lihe Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Egon H Ieda
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina R Jimenez
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Siu M Tsai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Concepta M McManus
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Disparate Modes of Evolution Shaped Modern Prion (PRNP) and Prion-Related Doppel (PRND) Variation in Domestic Cattle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155924. [PMID: 27224046 PMCID: PMC4880211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations aimed at determining whether the mammalian prion protein actually facilitates tangible molecular aspects of either a discrete or pleiotropic functional niche have been debated, especially given the apparent absence of overt behavioral or physiological phenotypes associated with several mammalian prion gene (PRNP) knockout experiments. Moreover, a previous evaluation of PRNP knockout cattle concluded that they were normal, suggesting that the bovine prion protein is physiologically dispensable. Herein, we examined the frequency and distribution of nucleotide sequence variation within the coding regions of bovine PRNP and the adjacent Doppel (PRND) gene, a proximal paralogue to PRNP on BTA13. Evaluation of PRND variation demonstrated that the gene does not depart from a strictly neutral model of molecular evolution, and would therefore not be expected to influence tests of selection within PRNP. Collectively, our analyses confirm that intense purifying selection is indeed occurring directly on bovine PRNP, which is indicative of a protein with an important role. These results suggest that the lack of observed fitness effects may not manifest in the controlled environmental conditions used to care for and raise PRNP knockout animals.
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Allais-Bonnet A, Castille J, Pannetier M, Passet B, Elzaïat M, André M, Montazer-Torbati F, Moazami-Goudarzi K, Vilotte JL, Pailhoux E. A specific role for PRND in goat foetal Leydig cells is suggested by prion family gene expression during gonad development in goats and mice. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:4-15. [PMID: 27047737 PMCID: PMC4794797 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three genes of the prion protein gene family are expressed in gonads. Comparative analyses of their expression patterns in mice and goats revealed constant expression of PRNP and SPRN in both species and in both male and female gonads, but with a weaker expression of SPRN. By contrast, expression of PRND was found to be sex‐dimorphic, in agreement with its role in spermatogenesis. More importantly, our study revealed that PRND seems to be a key marker of foetal Leydig cells specifically in goats, suggesting a yet unknown role for its encoded protein Doppel during gonadal differentiation in nonrodent mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Allais-Bonnet
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction INRA, UMR 1198 Jouy-en-Josas France; ALLICE Paris France
| | - Johan Castille
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative INRA, UMR 1313 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction INRA, UMR 1198 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Bruno Passet
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative INRA, UMR 1313 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Maëva Elzaïat
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction INRA, UMR 1198 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Marjolaine André
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction INRA, UMR 1198 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative INRA, UMR 1313 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Biologie du Développement et Reproduction INRA, UMR 1198 Jouy-en-Josas France
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Mouillet-Richard S, Vilotte JL. Promiscuous functions of the prion protein family. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:7. [PMID: 25713798 PMCID: PMC4322844 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Toxicology, Pharmacology, and Cellular Signaling, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixtes de Recherche-S1124, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France ; Toxicology, Pharmacology, and Cellular Signaling, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixtes de Recherche-S1124, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Unité Mixtes de Recherche1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Sakudo A, Onodera T. Prion protein (PrP) gene-knockout cell lines: insight into functions of the PrP. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 2:75. [PMID: 25642423 PMCID: PMC4295555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of prion protein (PrP) functions is crucial to fully understand prion diseases. A major approach to studying PrP functions is the use of PrP gene-knockout (Prnp (-/-)) mice. So far, six types of Prnp (-/-) mice have been generated, demonstrating the promiscuous functions of PrP. Recently, other PrP family members, such as Doppel and Shadoo, have been found. However, information obtained from comparative studies of structural and functional analyses of these PrP family proteins do not fully reveal PrP functions. Recently, varieties of Prnp (-/-) cell lines established from Prnp (-/-) mice have contributed to the analysis of PrP functions. In this mini-review, we focus on Prnp (-/-) cell lines and summarize currently available Prnp (-/-) cell lines and their characterizations. In addition, we introduce the recent advances in the methodology of cell line generation with knockout or knockdown of the PrP gene. We also discuss how these cell lines have provided valuable insights into PrP functions and show future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Sakudo
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Onodera
- Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
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