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Zhang H, Lundberg M, Ponnikas S, Hasselquist D, Hansson B. Male-biased recombination at chromosome ends in a songbird revealed by precisely mapping crossover positions. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae150. [PMID: 38985659 PMCID: PMC11373659 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recombination plays a crucial role in evolution by generating novel haplotypes and disrupting linkage between genes, thereby enhancing the efficiency of selection. Here, we analyze the genomes of 12 great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in a 3-generation pedigree to identify precise crossover positions along the chromosomes. We located more than 200 crossovers and found that these were highly concentrated toward the telomeric ends of the chromosomes. Apart from this major pattern in the recombination landscape, we found significantly higher frequencies of crossovers in genic compared with intergenic regions, and in exons compared with introns. Moreover, while the number of recombination events was similar between the sexes, the crossovers were located significantly closer to the ends of paternal compared with maternal chromosomes. In conclusion, our study of the great reed warbler revealed substantial variation in crossover frequencies within chromosomes, with a distinct bias toward the sub-telomeric regions, particularly on the paternal side. These findings emphasize the importance of thoroughly screening the entire length of chromosomes to characterize the recombination landscape and uncover potential sex-biases in recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Max Lundberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Ponnikas
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Jay P, Jeffries D, Hartmann FE, Véber A, Giraud T. Why do sex chromosomes progressively lose recombination? Trends Genet 2024; 40:564-579. [PMID: 38677904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Progressive recombination loss is a common feature of sex chromosomes. Yet, the evolutionary drivers of this phenomenon remain a mystery. For decades, differences in trait optima between sexes (sexual antagonism) have been the favoured hypothesis, but convincing evidence is lacking. Recent years have seen a surge of alternative hypotheses to explain progressive extensions and maintenance of recombination suppression: neutral accumulation of sequence divergence, selection of nonrecombining fragments with fewer deleterious mutations than average, sheltering of recessive deleterious mutations by linkage to heterozygous alleles, early evolution of dosage compensation, and constraints on recombination restoration. Here, we explain these recent hypotheses and dissect their assumptions, mechanisms, and predictions. We also review empirical studies that have brought support to the various hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jay
- Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Bâtiment 680, 12 route RD128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Daniel Jeffries
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fanny E Hartmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Bâtiment 680, 12 route RD128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amandine Véber
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, MAP5, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Bâtiment 680, 12 route RD128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Son W, Chung KW. Targeted recombination of homologous chromosomes using CRISPR-Cas9. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1658-1666. [PMID: 37462508 PMCID: PMC10476559 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR mutagenesis is an efficient way to disrupt specific target genes in many model organisms. We previously devised a targeted CRISPR recombination method to generate intragenic recombinants of alleles in Drosophila. Here, we assessed the applicability of CRISPR targeting-induced recombination to different genetic loci. We compared the ectopic recombination rates in the male germline by CRISPR targeting at two neighboring genetic loci within the genomic region that consists of the repressed chromatin domain of the Lobe gene, and the transcriptionally active domain of PRAS40. Targeting around the transcription initiation of PRAS40 resulted in higher recombination rates of homologous chromosomes than targeting at the Lobe intron. Based on the efficient homologous recombination by CRISPR targeting observed around transcriptionally active loci, we further investigated targeted recombination between P-elements that are inserted at different genomic locations. Male recombination by CRISPR targeting of P-elements located proximally and distally to the ebony gene produced recombinants deficient for the intervening region of ebony transcription. Taken together, we suggest that targeted homologous recombination by CRISPR targeting may have specific genetic applications, such as generation of allelic combinations or chromosomal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Son
- Department of Biological Sciences and BK21 Team for Field‐oriented BioCore Human Resources DevelopmentKongju National UniversityGongjuSouth Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences and BK21 Team for Field‐oriented BioCore Human Resources DevelopmentKongju National UniversityGongjuSouth Korea
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4
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Gershoni M, Braun T, Hauser R, Barda S, Lehavi O, Malcov M, Frumkin T, Kalma Y, Pietrokovski S, Arama E, Kleiman SE. A pathogenic variant in the uncharacterized RNF212B gene results in severe aneuploidy male infertility and repeated IVF failure. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100189. [PMID: 37124137 PMCID: PMC10133878 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative spermatogenic impairments are major causes of men's infertility. Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) is effective, some couples persistently fail to conceive. To identify causal variants in patients with severe male infertility factor and repeated IVF failures, we sequenced the exome of two consanguineous family members who underwent several failed IVF cycles and were diagnosed with low sperm count and motility. We identified a rare homozygous nonsense mutation in a previously uncharacterized gene, RNF212B, as the causative variant. Recurrence was identified in another unrelated, infertile patient who also faced repeated failed IVF treatments. scRNA-seq demonstrated meiosis-specific expression of RNF212B. Sequence analysis located a protein domain known to be associated with aneuploidy, which can explain multiple IVF failures. Accordingly, FISH analysis revealed a high aneuploidy rate in the patients' sperm cells and their IVF embryos. Finally, inactivation of the Drosophila orthologs significantly reduced male fertility. Given that members of the evolutionary conserved RNF212 gene family are involved in meiotic recombination and crossover maturation, our findings indicate a critical role of RNF212B in meiosis, genome stability, and in human fertility. Since recombination is completely absent in Drosophila males, our findings may indicate an additional unrelated role for the RNF212-like paralogs in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Gershoni
- ARO-The Volcani Center Institute of Animal Science, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Tslil Braun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Hauser
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimi Barda
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Lehavi
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mira Malcov
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsvia Frumkin
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Kalma
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Pietrokovski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Sandra E. Kleiman
- Racine IVF Unit and Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm Bank, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Corresponding author
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5
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Misbah-ul-Haq M, Augustinos AA, Carvalho DO, Duran de la Fuente L, Bourtzis K. The Effect of an Irradiation-Induced Recombination Suppressing Inversion on the Genetic Stability and Biological Quality of a White Eye-Based Aedes aegypti Genetic Sexing Strain. INSECTS 2022; 13:946. [PMID: 36292893 PMCID: PMC9604213 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika fever, and yellow fever. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been proposed as a species-specific and environment-friendly tool for the suppression of mosquito vector populations as a major component of integrated vector management strategies. As female mosquitoes are blood-feeders and may transmit pathogenic microorganisms, mosquito SIT depends on the release of sterile males. Genetic sexing strains (GSS) can be used for the efficient and robust separation of males from females. Two Ae. aegypti GSS were recently developed by exploiting eye colour mutations, resulting in the Red-eye GSS (RGSS) and the White-eye GSS (WGSS). In this study, we compared two WGSS, with and without the chromosomal inversion 35 (Inv35), and evaluated their biological quality, including genetic stability. Our results suggest that the WGSS/Inv35 presents a low recombination rate and long-term genetic stability when recombinants are removed from the colony (filtering) and a slow accumulation of recombinants when they are not removed from the colony (non-filtering). The two strains were similar with respect to fecundity, pupal and adult recovery rates, pupation curve, and pupal weight. However, differences were detected in fertility, survival rate of females, and flight ability of males. The WGSS/Inv35 presented lower fertility, higher survival rate of females, and better flight ability of males compared to the WGSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar 446, Pakistan
| | - Antonios A. Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Danilo O. Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Lucia Duran de la Fuente
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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6
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de Almeida BRR, Noronha RCR, Cardoso AL, Martins C, Martins JG, Procópio REDL, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. Kinetic Activity of Chromosomes and Expression of Recombination Genes in Achiasmatic Meiosis of Tityus (Archaeotityus) Scorpions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169179. [PMID: 36012447 PMCID: PMC9408970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of Tityus (Scorpiones, Buthidae) present multi-chromosomal meiotic associations and failures in the synaptic process, originated from reciprocal translocations. Holocentric chromosomes and achiasmatic meiosis in males are present in all members of this genus. In the present study, we investigated synapse dynamics, transcriptional silencing by γH2AX, and meiotic microtubule association in bivalents and a quadrivalent of the scorpion Tityus maranhensis. Additionally, we performed RT-PCR to verify the expression of mismatch repair enzymes involved in crossing-over formation in Tityus silvestris gonads. The quadrivalent association in T. maranhensis showed delay in the synaptic process and long asynaptic regions during pachytene. In this species, γH2AX was recorded only at the chromosome ends during early stages of prophase I; in metaphase I, bivalents and quadrivalents of T. maranhensis exhibited binding to microtubules along their entire length, while in metaphase II/anaphase II transition, spindle fibers interacted only with telomeric regions. Regarding T. silvestris, genes involved in the recombination process were transcribed in ovaries, testes and embryos, without significant difference between these tissues. The expression of these genes during T. silvestris achiasmatic meiosis is discussed in the present study. The absence of meiotic inactivation by γH2AX and holo/telokinetic behavior of the chromosomes are important factors for the maintenance of the quadrivalent in T. maranhensis and the normal continuation of the meiotic cycle in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rafael Ribeiro de Almeida
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belem 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Itaituba, R. Universitário, s/n, Maria Magdalena, Itaituba 68183-300, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belem 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu 18618970, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Martins
- Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu 18618970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Gama Martins
- Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936-Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Rudi Emerson de Lima Procópio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Avenida Carvalho Leal, 1777-Cachoeirinha, Manaus 69065-170, AM, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belem 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belem 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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7
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Shared evolutionary trajectories of three independent neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila. Genome Res 2021; 31:2069-2079. [PMID: 34675069 PMCID: PMC8559708 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275503.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dosage compensation (DC) on the X Chromosome counteracts the deleterious effects of gene loss on the Y Chromosome. However, DC is not efficient if the X Chromosome also degenerates. This indeed occurs in Drosophila miranda, in which both the neo-Y and the neo-X are under accelerated pseudogenization. To examine the generality of this pattern, we investigated the evolution of two additional neo-sex chromosomes that emerged independently in D. albomicans and D. americana and reanalyzed neo-sex chromosome evolution in D. miranda. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the pseudogenization rate on the neo-X is also accelerated in D. albomicans and D. americana although to a lesser extent than in D. miranda. In males, neo-X-linked genes whose neo-Y-linked homologs are pseudogenized tended to be up-regulated more than those whose neo-Y-linked homologs remain functional. Moreover, genes under strong functional constraint and genes highly expressed in the testis tended to remain functional on the neo-X and neo-Y, respectively. Focusing on the D. miranda and D. albomicans neo-sex chromosomes that emerged independently from the same autosome, we further found that the same genes tend to become pseudogenized in parallel on the neo-Y. These genes include Idgf6 and JhI-26, which may be unnecessary or even harmful in males. Our results indicate that neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila share a common evolutionary trajectory after their emergence, which may prevent sex chromosomes from being an evolutionary dead end.
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8
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Abstract
Meiosis is the basis of the generative reproduction of eukaryotes. The crucial first step is homologous chromosome pairing. In higher eukaryotes, micrometer-scale chromosomes, micrometer distances apart, are brought together by nanometer DNA sequences, at least a factor of 1000 size difference. Models of homology search, homologue movement, and pairing at the DNA level in higher eukaryotes are primarily based on studies with yeast where the emphasis is on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). For such a model, the very large nuclei of most plants and animals present serious problems. Homology search without DSBs cannot be explained by models based on DSB repair. The movement of homologues to meet each other and make contact at the molecular level is not understood. These problems are discussed and the conclusion is that at present practically nothing is known of meiotic homologue pairing in higher eukaryotes up to the formation of the synaptonemal complex, and that new, necessarily speculative models must be developed. Arguments are given that RNA plays a central role in homology search and a tentative model involving RNA in homology search is presented. A role of actin in homologue movement is proposed. The primary role of DSBs in higher eukaryotes is concluded to not be in paring but in the preparation of Holliday junctions, ultimately leading to chromatid exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sybenga
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Lee AJ, Nam DE, Choi YJ, Noh SW, Nam SH, Lee HJ, Kim SJ, Song GJ, Choi BO, Chung KW. Paternal gender specificity and mild phenotypes in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A patients with de novo 17p12 rearrangements. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1380. [PMID: 32648354 PMCID: PMC7507087 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) are developed by duplication and deletion of the 17p12 (PMP22) region, respectively. Methods De novo rates were determined in 211 CMT1A or HNPP trio families, and then, analyzed gender‐specific genetic features and clinical phenotypes of the de novo cases. Results This study identified 40 de novo cases (19.0%). Paternal origin was highly frequent compared to maternal origin (p = .005). Most de novo CMT1A rearrangements occurred between non‐sister chromatids (p = .003), but it was interesting that three of the four sister chromatids exchange cases were observed in the less frequent maternal origin. Paternal ages at the affected child births were slightly higher in the de novo CMT1A group than in the non‐de novo CMT1A control group (p = .0004). For the disability score of CMTNS, the de novo CMT1A group had a slightly lower value compared to the control group (p = .005). Electrophysiological studies showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion This study suggests that de novo CMT1A patients tend to have milder symptoms and that the paternal ages at child births in the de novo group are higher than those of the non‐de novo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah J Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Da E Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Yu J Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Seung W Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Soo H Nam
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyun J Song
- Department of Medical Science, Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki W Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
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10
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Nozawa M, Ikeo K, Gojobori T. Gene-by-Gene or Localized Dosage Compensation on the Neo-X Chromosome in Drosophila miranda. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:1875-1881. [PMID: 29986000 PMCID: PMC6071650 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms have a global mechanism for dosage compensation (DC) operating along the entire male X chromosome, which equalizes gene expression on the male X with that on the two Xs in females and/or on autosomes. At the initial stage of sex chromosome evolution, however, gene-by-gene (or localized) DC may also be necessary because the degeneration of Y-linked genes occurs independently at different times. We therefore tested whether the up-regulation of X-linked genes depends on the status of their Y-linked homologs, using the young sex chromosomes, neo-X and neo-Y, in Drosophila miranda. In support of the presence of gene-by-gene DC, the extent of up-regulation in males was indeed higher for neo-X-linked genes with pseudogenized neo-Y-linked homologs than for neo-X-linked genes with functional neo-Y-linked homologs. Further molecular evolutionary analysis also supports the idea that many individual neo-X-linked genes first acquired the potential for up-regulation, which then enabled the pseudogenization of neo-Y-linked homologs, without serious deleterious effects on male fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Nozawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
- Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Vimal D, Kumar S, Pandey A, Sharma D, Saini S, Gupta S, Ravi Ram K, Chowdhuri DK. Mlh1 is required for female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster: An outcome of effects on meiotic crossing over, ovarian follicles and egg activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Fontaine A, Filipovic I, Fansiri T, Hoffmann AA, Cheng C, Kirkpatrick M, Rašic G, Lambrechts L. Extensive Genetic Differentiation between Homomorphic Sex Chromosomes in the Mosquito Vector, Aedes aegypti. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:2322-2335. [PMID: 28945882 PMCID: PMC5737474 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of sex-determination systems are of particular interest in insect vectors of human pathogens like mosquitoes because novel control strategies aim to convert pathogen-transmitting females into nonbiting males, or rely on accurate sexing for the release of sterile males. In Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue and Zika viruses, sex determination is governed by a dominant male-determining locus, previously thought to reside within a small, nonrecombining, sex-determining region (SDR) of an otherwise homomorphic sex chromosome. Here, we provide evidence that sex chromosomes in Ae. aegypti are genetically differentiated between males and females over a region much larger than the SDR. Our linkage mapping intercrosses failed to detect recombination between X and Y chromosomes over a 123-Mbp region (40% of their physical length) containing the SDR. This region of reduced male recombination overlapped with a smaller 63-Mbp region (20% of the physical length of the sex chromosomes) displaying high male–female genetic differentiation in unrelated wild populations from Brazil and Australia and in a reference laboratory strain originating from Africa. In addition, the sex-differentiated genomic region was associated with a significant excess of male-to-female heterozygosity and contained a small cluster of loci consistent with Y-specific null alleles. We demonstrate that genetic differentiation between sex chromosomes is sufficient to assign individuals to their correct sex with high accuracy. We also show how data on allele frequency differences between sexes can be used to estimate linkage disequilibrium between loci and the sex-determining locus. Our discovery of large-scale genetic differentiation between sex chromosomes in Ae. aegypti lays a new foundation for mapping and population genomic studies, as well as for mosquito control strategies targeting the sex-determination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Fontaine
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 3012, Paris, France.,Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, France
| | - Igor Filipovic
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thanyalak Fansiri
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Changde Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin
| | | | - Gordana Rašic
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 3012, Paris, France
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