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Maeda M, Arakawa M, Komatsu Y, Saito K. Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202403179. [PMID: 39101946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202403179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are essential in various cellular signaling pathways, and detecting their activation within living cells is crucial for understanding cellular processes. The current methods for detecting GTPase activation using fluorescent proteins rely on the interaction between the GTPase and its effector. Consequently, these methods are not applicable to factors, such as Sar1, where the effector also functions as a GTPase-activating protein. Here, we present a novel method, the Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system, for detecting the activation of endogenous small GTPases via fluorescent signals utilizing a split mNeonGreen system. We demonstrated Sar1 activation at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site and successfully detected its activation state in various cellular conditions. Utilizing the SAIYAN system in collagen-secreting cells, we discovered activated Sar1 localized both at the ER exit sites and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) regions. Additionally, impaired collagen secretion confined the activated Sar1 at the ER exit sites, implying the importance of Sar1 activation through the ERGIC in collagen secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Maeda
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukie Komatsu
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kota Saito
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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2
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Kasberg W, Luong P, Minushkin K, Pustova I, Swift KA, Zhao M, Audhya A. TFG regulates inner COPII coat recruitment to facilitate anterograde secretory protein transport. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar113. [PMID: 38985515 PMCID: PMC11321049 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-06-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coat protein complex II (COPII) governs the initial steps of biosynthetic secretory protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), facilitating the movement of a wide variety of cargoes. Here, we demonstrate that Trk-fused gene (TFG) regulates the rate at which inner COPII coat proteins are concentrated at ER subdomains. Specifically, in cells lacking TFG, the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Sec23 accumulates more rapidly at budding sites on the ER as compared with control cells, potentially altering the normal timing of GTP hydrolysis on Sar1. Under these conditions, anterograde trafficking of several secretory cargoes is delayed, irrespective of their predicted size. We propose that TFG controls the local, freely available pool of Sec23 during COPII coat formation and limits its capacity to prematurely destabilize COPII complexes on the ER. This function of TFG enables it to act akin to a rheostat, promoting the ordered recruitment of Sec23, which is critical for efficient secretory cargo export.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Peter Luong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Kayla Minushkin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Iryna Pustova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Kevin A. Swift
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Meixian Zhao
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
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3
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Saxena S, Foresti O, Liu A, Androulaki S, Pena Rodriguez M, Raote I, Aridor M, Cui B, Malhotra V. Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites are segregated for secretion based on cargo size. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00387-3. [PMID: 38991587 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
TANGO1, TANGO1-Short, and cTAGE5 form stable complexes at the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES) to preferably export bulky cargoes. Their C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) binds Sec23A and affects COPII assembly. The PRD in TANGO1-Short was replaced with light-responsive domains to control its binding to Sec23A in U2OS cells (human osteosarcoma). TANGO1-ShortΔPRD was dispersed in the ER membrane but relocated rapidly, reversibly, to pre-existing ERES by binding to Sec23A upon light activation. Prolonged binding between the two, concentrated ERES in the juxtanuclear region, blocked cargo export and relocated ERGIC53 into the ER, minimally impacting the Golgi complex organization. Bulky collagen VII and endogenous collagen I were collected at less than 47% of the stalled ERES, whereas small cargo molecules were retained uniformly at almost all the ERES. We suggest that ERES are segregated to handle cargoes based on their size, permitting cells to traffic them simultaneously for optimal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonashree Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ombretta Foresti
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Aofei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Androulaki
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Maria Pena Rodriguez
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ishier Raote
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Meir Aridor
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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4
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Quirion L, Robert A, Boulais J, Huang S, Bernal Astrain G, Strakhova R, Jo CH, Kherdjemil Y, Faubert D, Thibault MP, Kmita M, Baskin JM, Gingras AC, Smith MJ, Côté JF. Mapping the global interactome of the ARF family reveals spatial organization in cellular signaling pathways. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262140. [PMID: 38606629 PMCID: PMC11166204 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and ARF-like (ARL) GTPases serve as essential molecular switches governing a wide array of cellular processes. In this study, we used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to comprehensively map the interactome of 28 out of 29 ARF and ARL proteins in two cellular models. Through this approach, we identified ∼3000 high-confidence proximal interactors, enabling us to assign subcellular localizations to the family members. Notably, we uncovered previously undefined localizations for ARL4D and ARL10. Clustering analyses further exposed the distinctiveness of the interactors identified with these two GTPases. We also reveal that the expression of the understudied member ARL14 is confined to the stomach and intestines. We identified phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and the ESCPE-1 complex, more precisely, SNX1, as proximity interactors. Functional assays demonstrated that ARL14 can activate PLD1 in cellulo and is involved in cargo trafficking via the ESCPE-1 complex. Overall, the BioID data generated in this study provide a valuable resource for dissecting the complexities of ARF and ARL spatial organization and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quirion
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Amélie Robert
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shiying Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gabriela Bernal Astrain
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Regina Strakhova
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chang Hwa Jo
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yacine Kherdjemil
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Denis Faubert
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | - Marie Kmita
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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5
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Quirion L, Robert A, Boulais J, Huang S, Bernal Astrain G, Strakhova R, Jo CH, Kherdjemil Y, Thibault MP, Faubert D, Kmita M, Baskin JM, Gingras AC, Smith MJ, Cote JF. Mapping the global interactome of the ARF family reveals spatial organization in cellular signaling pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.01.530598. [PMID: 36909472 PMCID: PMC10002736 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and ARF-like (ARLs) GTPases serve as essential molecular switches governing a wide array of cellular processes. In this study, we utilized proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to comprehensively map the interactome of 28 out of 29 ARF and ARL proteins in two cellular models. Through this approach, we identified ~3000 high-confidence proximal interactors, enabling us to assign subcellular localizations to the family members. Notably, we uncovered previously undefined localizations for ARL4D and ARL10. Clustering analyses further exposed the distinctiveness of the interactors identified with these two GTPases. We also reveal that the expression of the understudied member ARL14 is confined to the stomach and intestines. We identified phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and the ESCPE-1 complex, more precisely SNX1, as proximity interactors. Functional assays demonstrated that ARL14 can activate PLD1 in cellulo and is involved in cargo trafficking via the ESCPE-1 complex. Overall, the BioID data generated in this study provide a valuable resource for dissecting the complexities of ARF and ARL spatial organization and signaling.
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6
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Ferreira A, Castanheira P, Escrevente C, Barral DC, Barona T. Membrane trafficking alterations in breast cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1350097. [PMID: 38533085 PMCID: PMC10963426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1350097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women, and remains one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. It is now well established that alterations in membrane trafficking are implicated in BC progression. Indeed, membrane trafficking pathways regulate BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The 22 members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and the >60 members of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-related in brain (RAB) families of small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases), which belong to the RAS superfamily, are master regulators of membrane trafficking pathways. ARF-like (ARL) subfamily members are involved in various processes, including vesicle budding and cargo selection. Moreover, ARFs regulate cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. RABs are key regulators of all steps of membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the activity and/or expression of some of these proteins is found dysregulated in BC. Here, we review how the processes regulated by ARFs and RABs are subverted in BC, including secretion/exocytosis, endocytosis/recycling, autophagy/lysosome trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, integrin-mediated signaling, among others. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by ARF and RAB family members, as well as their regulators in BC progression, aiming to lay the foundation for future research in this field. This research should focus on further dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulated by ARFs and RABs that are subverted in BC, and exploring their use as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
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7
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Zhu X, Yin J, Guo H, Wang Y, Ma B. Vesicle trafficking in rice: too little is known. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263966. [PMID: 37790794 PMCID: PMC10543891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The vesicle trafficking apparatus is a fundamental machinery to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. Thus, it is broadly conserved in eukaryotes including plants. Intensive studies in the model organisms have produced a comprehensive picture of vesicle trafficking in yeast and human. However, with respect to the vesicle trafficking of plants including rice, our understanding of the components and their coordinated regulation is very limited. At present, several vesicle trafficking apparatus components and cargo proteins have been identified and characterized in rice, but there still remain large unknowns concerning the organization and function of the rice vesicle trafficking system. In this review, we outline the main vesicle trafficking pathways of rice based on knowledge obtained in model organisms, and summarize current advances of rice vesicle trafficking. We also propose to develop methodologies applicable to rice and even other crops for further exploring the mysteries of vesicle trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongming Guo
- Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Yin G, Huang J, Petela J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Gong S, Wu J, Liu B, Shi J, Gao Y. Targeting small GTPases: emerging grasps on previously untamable targets, pioneered by KRAS. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:212. [PMID: 37221195 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases including Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran are omnipresent molecular switches in regulating key cellular functions. Their dysregulation is a therapeutic target for tumors, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies, and infection. However, small GTPases have been historically recognized as "undruggable". Targeting KRAS, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, has only come into reality in the last decade due to the development of breakthrough strategies such as fragment-based screening, covalent ligands, macromolecule inhibitors, and PROTACs. Two KRASG12C covalent inhibitors have obtained accelerated approval for treating KRASG12C mutant lung cancer, and allele-specific hotspot mutations on G12D/S/R have been demonstrated as viable targets. New methods of targeting KRAS are quickly evolving, including transcription, immunogenic neoepitopes, and combinatory targeting with immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the vast majority of small GTPases and hotspot mutations remain elusive, and clinical resistance to G12C inhibitors poses new challenges. In this article, we summarize diversified biological functions, shared structural properties, and complex regulatory mechanisms of small GTPases and their relationships with human diseases. Furthermore, we review the status of drug discovery for targeting small GTPases and the most recent strategic progress focused on targeting KRAS. The discovery of new regulatory mechanisms and development of targeting approaches will together promote drug discovery for small GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Yin
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Johnny Petela
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Siqi Gong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bei Liu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yijun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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9
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Huang Q, Szebenyi DME. The alarmone ppGpp selectively inhibits the isoform A of the human small GTPase Sar1. Proteins 2023; 91:518-531. [PMID: 36369712 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transport of newly synthesized proteins from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII). The assembly and disassembly of COPII vesicles is regulated by the molecular switch Sar1, which is a small GTPase and a component of COPII. Usually a small GTPase binds GDP (inactive form) or GTP (active form). Mammals have two Sar1 isoforms, Sar1a and Sar1b, that have approximately 90% sequence identity. Some experiments demonstrated that these two isoforms had distinct but overlapping functions. Here we found another instance of differing behavior: the alarmone ppGpp could bind to and inhibit the GTPase activity of human Sar1a but could not inhibit the GTPase activity of human Sar1b. The crystal structures of Sar1a⋅ppGpp and Sar1b⋅GDP have been determined. Superposition of the structures shows that ppGpp binds to the nucleotide-binding pocket, its guanosine base, ribose ring and 5'-diphosphate occupying nearly the same positions as for GDP. However, its 3'-diphosphate points away from the active site and, hence, away from the surface of the protein. The overall structure of Sar1a⋅ppGpp is more similar to Sar1b⋅GDP than to Sar1b⋅GTP. We also find that the Asp140-Arg138-water-ligand interaction net is important for the binding of ppGpp to Sar1a. This study provides further evidence showing that there are biochemical differences between the Sar1a and Sar1b isoforms of Sar1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiu Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Doletha M E Szebenyi
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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10
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The role of CaMKK2 in Golgi-associated vesicle trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:331-342. [PMID: 36815702 PMCID: PMC9987998 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase, that is involved in maintaining various physiological and cellular processes within the cell that regulate energy homeostasis and cell growth. CaMKK2 regulates glucose metabolism by the activation of downstream kinases, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Consequently, its deregulation has a role in multiple human metabolic diseases including obesity and cancer. Despite the importance of CaMKK2, its signalling pathways and pathological mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent work has been aimed at broadening our understanding of the biological functions of CaMKK2. These studies have uncovered new interaction partners that have led to the description of new functions that include lipogenesis and Golgi vesicle trafficking. Here, we review recent insights into the role of CaMKK2 in membrane trafficking mechanisms and discuss the functional implications in a cellular context and for disease.
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11
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Van der Verren SE, Zanetti G. The small GTPase Sar1, control centre of COPII trafficking. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:865-882. [PMID: 36737236 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sar1 is a small GTPase of the ARF family. Upon exchange of GDP for GTP, Sar1 associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and recruits COPII components, orchestrating cargo concentration and membrane deformation. Many aspects of the role of Sar1 and regulation of its GTP cycle remain unclear, especially as complexity increases in higher organisms that secrete a wider range of cargoes. This review focusses on the regulation of GTP hydrolysis and its role in coat assembly, as well as the mechanism of Sar1-induced membrane deformation and scission. Finally, we highlight the additional specialisation in higher eukaryotes and the outstanding questions on how Sar1 functions are orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College London, UK
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12
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Tang VT, Ginsburg D. Cargo selection in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport and relevant diseases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163838. [PMID: 36594468 PMCID: PMC9797344 DOI: 10.1172/jci163838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most proteins destined for the extracellular space or various intracellular compartments must traverse the intracellular secretory pathway. The first step is the recruitment and transport of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen to the Golgi apparatus by coat protein complex II (COPII), consisting of five core proteins. Additional ER transmembrane proteins that aid cargo recruitment are referred to as cargo receptors. Gene duplication events have resulted in multiple COPII paralogs present in the mammalian genome. Here, we review the functions of each COPII protein, human disorders associated with each paralog, and evidence for functional conservation between paralogs. We also provide a summary of current knowledge regarding two prototypical cargo receptors in mammals, LMAN1 and SURF4, and their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi T. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology,,Life Sciences Institute
| | - David Ginsburg
- Life Sciences Institute,,Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Human Genetics,,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Sar1 Affects the Localization of Perilipin 2 to Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126366. [PMID: 35742827 PMCID: PMC9223735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that are ubiquitous in many types of cells. The LD core consists of triacylglycerols (TGs) surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and surface proteins such as perilipin 2 (PLIN2). Although TGs accumulate in the phospholipid bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently nascent LDs buds from ER, the mechanism by which LD proteins are transported to LD particles is not fully understood. Sar1 is a GTPase known as a regulator of coat protein complex Ⅱ (COPⅡ) vesicle budding, and its role in LD formation was investigated in this study. HuH7 human hepatoma cells were infected with adenoviral particles containing genes coding GFP fused with wild-type Sar1 (Sar1 WT) or a GTPase mutant form (Sar1 H79G). When HuH7 cells were treated with oleic acid, Sar1 WT formed a ring-like structure around the LDs. The transient expression of Sar1 did not significantly alter the levels of TG and PLIN2 in the cells. However, the localization of PLIN2 to the LDs decreased in the cells expressing Sar1 H79G. Furthermore, the effects of Sar1 on PLIN2 localization to the LDs were verified by the suppression of endogenous Sar1 using the short hairpin RNA technique. In conclusion, it was found that Sar1 has some roles in the intracellular distribution of PLIN2 to LDs in liver cells.
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14
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Li B, Zeng Y, Jiang L. COPII vesicles in plant autophagy and endomembrane trafficking. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2314-2323. [PMID: 35486434 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the endomembrane system allows for spatiotemporal compartmentation of complicated cellular processes. The plant endomembrane system consists of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus (GA), the trans-Golgi network (TGN), the multivesicular body (MVB), and the vacuole. Anterograde traffic from the ER to GA is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that turns over cellular materials upon nutrient deprivation or in adverse environments, exploits double-membrane autophagosomes to recycle unwanted constituents in the lysosome/vacuole. Accumulating evidence reveals novel functions of plant COPII vesicles in autophagy and their regulation by abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize current knowledge about plant COPII vesicles in the endomembrane trafficking and then highlight recent findings showing their distinct roles in modulating the autophagic flux and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Ma X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun S, Li Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li R, Tan L, Jiang L, Zhu JK, Li L. MAG2 and MAL Regulate Vesicle Trafficking and Auxin Homeostasis With Functional Redundancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849532. [PMID: 35371137 PMCID: PMC8966843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a central phytohormone and controls almost all aspects of plant development and stress response. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, conjugation, and deposition. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized MAIGO2 (MAG2) complex mediates tethering of arriving vesicles to the ER membrane, and it is crucial for ER export trafficking. Despite important regulatory roles of MAG2 in vesicle trafficking, the mag2 mutant had mild developmental abnormalities. MAG2 has one homolog protein, MAG2-Like (MAL), and the mal-1 mutant also had slight developmental phenotypes. In order to investigate MAG2 and MAL regulatory function in plant development, we generated the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. As expected, the double mutant exhibited serious developmental defects and more alteration in stress response compared with single mutants and wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that signaling, metabolism, and stress response in mag2-1 mal-1 were affected, especially membrane trafficking and auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport. Biochemical and cell biological analysis indicated that the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant had more serious defects in vesicle transport than the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants. The auxin distribution and abundance of auxin transporters were altered significantly in the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants and mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. Our findings suggest that MAG2 and MAL regulate plant development and auxin homeostasis by controlling membrane trafficking, with functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengbiao Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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16
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A tango for coats and membranes: New insights into ER-to-Golgi traffic. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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17
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Kanwal A, Joshi PV, Mandal S, Mandal L. Ubx-Collier signaling cascade maintains blood progenitors in the posterior lobes of the Drosophila larval lymph gland. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009709. [PMID: 34370733 PMCID: PMC8376192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila larval hematopoiesis occurs in a specialized multi-lobed organ called the lymph gland. Extensive characterization of the organ has provided mechanistic insights into events related to developmental hematopoiesis. Spanning from the thoracic to the abdominal segment of the larvae, this organ comprises a pair of primary, secondary, and tertiary lobes. Much of our understanding arises from the studies on the primary lobe, while the secondary and tertiary lobes have remained mostly unexplored. Previous studies have inferred that these lobes are composed of progenitors that differentiate during pupation; however, the mechanistic basis of this extended progenitor state remains unclear. This study shows that posterior lobe progenitors are maintained by a local signaling center defined by Ubx and Collier in the tertiary lobe. This Ubx zone in the tertiary lobe shares several markers with the niche of the primary lobe. Ubx domain regulates the homeostasis of the posterior lobe progenitors in normal development and an immune-challenged scenario. Our study establishes the lymph gland as a model to tease out how the progenitors interface with the dual niches within an organ during development and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kanwal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Pranav Vijay Joshi
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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18
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Nihei CI, Nakanishi M. Cargo selection in the early secretory pathway of African trypanosomes. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102379. [PMID: 34000424 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane and secretory proteins are synthesized by ribosomes and then enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they undergo glycosylation and quality control for proper folding. Subsequently, proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus and then sorted to the plasma membrane or intracellular organelles. Transport vesicles are formed at ER-exit sites (ERES) on the ER with several coat protein complexes. Cargo proteins loaded into the vesicles are selected by specific interactions with cargo receptors and/or adaptors during vesicle formation. p24 family and intracellular lectin ERGIC-53-membrane proteins are the known cargo receptors acting in the early secretory pathway (ER-Golgi). Oligomerization of the cargo receptors have been suggested to play an important role in cargo selection and sorting via posttranslational modifications in fungi and metazoans. On the other hand, the mechanisms involved in the early secretory pathway in protozoa remain unclear. In this review, we focus on Trypanosoma brucei as a representative of protozoan and discuss differences and commonalities in the molecular mechanisms of its early secretory pathway compared with other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coh-Ichi Nihei
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0023, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
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19
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ER residential chaperone GRP78 unconventionally relocalizes to the cell surface via endosomal transport. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5179-5195. [PMID: 33974094 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite new advances on the functions of ER chaperones at the cell surface, the translocation mechanisms whereby these chaperones can escape from the ER to the cell surface are just emerging. Previously we reported that in many cancer types, upon ER stress, IRE1α binds to and triggers SRC activation resulting in KDEL receptor dispersion from the Golgi and suppression of retrograde transport. In this study, using a combination of molecular, biochemical, and imaging approaches, we discovered that in colon and lung cancer, upon ER stress, ER chaperones, such as GRP78 bypass the Golgi and unconventionally traffic to the cell surface via endosomal transport mediated by Rab GTPases (Rab4, 11 and 15). Such unconventional transport is driven by membrane fusion between ER-derived vesicles and endosomes requiring the v-SNARE BET1 and t-SNARE Syntaxin 13. Furthermore, GRP78 loading into ER-derived vesicles requires the co-chaperone DNAJC3 that is regulated by ER-stress induced PERK-AKT-mTOR signaling.
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20
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Tang BL. Defects in early secretory pathway transport machinery components and neurodevelopmental disorders. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:851-869. [PMID: 33781010 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The early secretory pathway, provisionally comprising of vesicular traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, occurs constitutively in mammalian cells. Critical for a constant supply of secretory and plasma membrane (PM) materials, the pathway is presumably essential for general cellular function and survival. Neurons exhibit a high intensity in membrane dynamics and protein/lipid trafficking, with differential and polarized trafficking towards the somatodendritic and axonal PM domains. Mutations in genes encoding early secretory pathway membrane trafficking machinery components are known to result in neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders with disease manifestation in early life. Here, such rare disorders associated with autosomal recessive mutations in coat proteins, membrane tethering complexes and membrane fusion machineries responsible for trafficking in the early secretory pathway are summarily discussed. These mutations affected genes encoding subunits of coat protein complex I and II, subunits of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes, members of the YIP1 domain family (YIPF) and a SNAP receptor (SNARE) family member. Why the ubiquitously present and constitutively acting early secretory pathway machinery components could specifically affect neurodevelopment is addressed, with the plausible underlying disease etiologies and neuropathological mechanisms resulting from these mutations explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore117597, Singapore
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21
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Destalminil-Letourneau M, Morin-Poulard I, Tian Y, Vanzo N, Crozatier M. The vascular niche controls Drosophila hematopoiesis via fibroblast growth factor signaling. eLife 2021; 10:64672. [PMID: 33395389 PMCID: PMC7781598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), is tightly regulated by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment called 'niche'. Bone marrow HSPCs are heterogeneous and controlled by both endosteal and vascular niches. The Drosophila hematopoietic lymph gland is located along the cardiac tube which corresponds to the vascular system. In the lymph gland, the niche called Posterior Signaling Center controls only a subset of the heterogeneous hematopoietic progenitor population indicating that additional signals are necessary. Here we report that the vascular system acts as a second niche to control lymph gland homeostasis. The FGF ligand Branchless produced by vascular cells activates the FGF pathway in hematopoietic progenitors. By regulating intracellular calcium levels, FGF signaling maintains progenitor pools and prevents blood cell differentiation. This study reveals that two niches contribute to the control ofDrosophila blood cell homeostasis through their differential regulation of progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Destalminil-Letourneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ismaël Morin-Poulard
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yushun Tian
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vanzo
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michele Crozatier
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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22
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Zhou L, Liu Z, Chen S, Qiu J, Li Q, Wang S, Zhou W, Chen D, Yang G, Guo L. Transcription factor EB‑mediated autophagy promotes dermal fibroblast differentiation and collagen production by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy‑dependent secretion. Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:547-560. [PMID: 33416091 PMCID: PMC7797452 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is reported to be involved in the formation of skin hypertrophic scar (HTS). However, the role of autophagy in the process of fibrosis remains unclear, therefore an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy may accelerate the development of effective therapeutic strategies against HTS. The present study evaluated the roles of autophagy mediated by transcription factor EB (TFEB), a pivotal regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy, in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblast differentiation and collagen production. Fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or TGF-β1 + TFEB-small interfering RNA (siRNA). TGF-β1 induced phenotypic transformation of fibro-blasts, as well as collagen synthesis and secretion in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and immuno-fluorescence analyses demonstrated that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, whereas TUDCA reversed TGF-β1-induced changes. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and RFP-GFP-LC3 double fluorescence analyses demonstrated that knockdown of TFEB by TFEB-siRNA decreased autophagic flux, upregulated the expression of proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway, such as phosphorylated-α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, C/EBP homologous protein and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, and also downregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I (COL I) in fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence confocal analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that TGF-β1 increased the colocalization of COL I with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and Ras-related protein Rab-8A, a marker of secretory vesicles, in fibroblasts, as well as the secretion of pro-COL Iα1 in culture supernatants. Meanwhile, these effects were abolished by TFEB knockdown. The present results suggested that autophagy reduced ER stress, decreased cell apoptosis and maintained fibroblast activation not only through degradation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, but also through promotion of COL I release from the autolysosome to the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Shipei Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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23
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Mitotic ER Exit Site Disassembly and Reassembly Are Regulated by the Phosphorylation Status of TANGO1. Dev Cell 2020; 55:237-250.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Matsui Y, Hirata Y, Wada I, Hosokawa N. Visualization of Procollagen IV Reveals ER-to-Golgi Transport by ERGIC-independent Carriers. Cell Struct Funct 2020; 45:107-119. [PMID: 32554938 PMCID: PMC10511052 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal tissues and is critical for their proper organization. Nascent procollagens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered too large to be loaded into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, which have a diameter of 60-80 nm, for exit from the ER and transport to the Golgi complex. To study the transport mechanism of procollagen IV, which generates basement membranes, we introduced a cysteine-free GFP tag at the N-terminus of the triple helical region of the α1(IV) chain (cfSGFP2-col4a1), and examined the dynamics of this protein in HT-1080 cells, which produce endogenous collagen IV. cfSGFP2-col4a1 was transported from the ER to the Golgi by vesicles, which were a similar size as small cargo carriers. However, mCherry-ERGIC53 was recruited to α1-antitrypsin-containing vesicles, but not to cfSGFP2-col4a1-containing vesicles. Knockdown analysis revealed that Sar1 and SLY1/SCFD1 were required for transport of cfSGFP2-col4a1. TANGO1, CUL3, and KLHL12 were not necessary for the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of procollagen IV. Our data suggest that procollagen IV is exported from the ER via an enlarged COPII coat carrier and is transported to the Golgi by unique transport vesicles without recruitment of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membranes.Key words: collagen, procollagen IV, endoplasmic reticulum, ER-to-Golgi transport, ERGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Nobuko Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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25
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Melville DB, Studer S, Schekman R. Small sequence variations between two mammalian paralogs of the small GTPase SAR1 underlie functional differences in coat protein complex II assembly. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8401-8412. [PMID: 32358066 PMCID: PMC7307210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicles that are coated by coat protein complex II (COPII) are the primary mediators of vesicular traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1 (SAR1) is a small GTPase that is part of COPII and, upon GTP binding, recruits the other COPII proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mammals have two SAR1 paralogs that genetic data suggest may have distinct physiological roles, e.g. in lipoprotein secretion in the case of SAR1B. Here we identified two amino acid clusters that have conserved SAR1 paralog–specific sequences. We observed that one cluster is adjacent to the SAR1 GTP-binding pocket and alters the kinetics of GTP exchange. The other cluster is adjacent to the binding site for two COPII components, SEC31 homolog A COPII coat complex component (SEC31) and SEC23. We found that the latter cluster confers to SAR1B a binding preference for SEC23A that is stronger than that of SAR1A for SEC23A. Unlike SAR1B, SAR1A was prone to oligomerize on a membrane surface. SAR1B knockdown caused loss of lipoprotein secretion, overexpression of SAR1B but not of SAR1A could restore secretion, and a divergent cluster adjacent to the SEC31/SEC23-binding site was critical for this SAR1B function. These results highlight that small primary sequence differences between the two mammalian SAR1 paralogs lead to pronounced biochemical differences that significantly affect COPII assembly and identify a specific function for SAR1B in lipoprotein secretion, providing insights into the mechanisms of large cargo secretion that may be relevant for COPII-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Melville
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sean Studer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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26
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Casalou C, Ferreira A, Barral DC. The Role of ARF Family Proteins and Their Regulators and Effectors in Cancer Progression: A Therapeutic Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:217. [PMID: 32426352 PMCID: PMC7212444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adenosine diphosphate-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, motility and differentiation by regulating membrane traffic and associating with the cytoskeleton. Like other members of the RAS superfamily, ARF family proteins are activated by Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and inactivated by GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs). When active, they bind effectors, which mediate downstream functions. Several studies have reported that cancer cells are able to subvert membrane traffic regulators to enhance migration and invasion. Indeed, members of the ARF family, including ARF-Like (ARL) proteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. Here, we review the role of ARF family members, their GEFs/GAPs and effectors in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, highlighting the ones that can have a pro-oncogenic behavior or function as tumor suppressors. Moreover, we propose possible mechanisms and approaches to target these proteins, toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to impair tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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ER-to-Golgi Transport: A Sizeable Problem. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:940-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saito K, Maeda M. Not just a cargo receptor for large cargoes; an emerging role of TANGO1 as an organizer of ER exit sites. J Biochem 2019; 166:115-119. [PMID: 31098622 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins synthesized within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are exported from ER exit sites via coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles. Although the mechanisms of COPII-vesicle formation at the ER exit sites are highly conserved among species, vertebrate cells secrete a wide range of materials, including collagens and chylomicrons, which form bulky structures within the ER that are too large to fit into conventional carriers. Transport ANd Golgi Organization 1 (TANGO1) was initially identified as a cargo receptor for collagens but has been recently rediscovered as an organizer of ER exit sites. We would like to review recent advances in the mechanism of large cargo secretion and organization of ER exit sites through the function of TANGO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Saito
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Japan
| | - Miharu Maeda
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Japan
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de Paula RG, Antoniêto ACC, Nogueira KMV, Ribeiro LFC, Rocha MC, Malavazi I, Almeida F, Silva RN. Extracellular vesicles carry cellulases in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:146. [PMID: 31223336 PMCID: PMC6570945 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is the most important industrial producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in biomass degradation leading to novel applications of this fungus in the biotechnology industry, specifically biofuel production. The secretory pathway of fungi is responsible for transporting proteins addressed to different cellular locations involving some cellular endomembrane systems. Although protein secretion is an extremely efficient process in T. reesei, the mechanisms underlying protein secretion have remained largely uncharacterized in this organism. RESULTS Here, we report for the first time the isolation and characterization of T. reesei extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using proteomic analysis under cellulose culture condition, we have confidently identified 188 vesicular proteins belonging to different functional categories. Also, we characterized EVs production using transmission electron microscopy in combination with light scattering analysis. Biochemical assays revealed that T. reesei extracellular vesicles have an enrichment of filter paper (FPase) and β-glucosidase activities in purified vesicles from 24, 72 and 96, and 72 and 96 h, respectively. Furthermore, our results showed that there is a slight enrichment of small RNAs inside the vesicles after 96 h and 120 h, and presence of hsp proteins inside the vesicles purified from T. reesei grown in the presence of cellulose. CONCLUSIONS This work points to important insights into a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of cellulolytic enzyme secretion in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Campos Antoniêto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Liliane Fraga Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
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O’Donnell MA. Kota Saito: Getting out and about. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1765-1766. [PMID: 31118241 PMCID: PMC6548138 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saito studies the mechanisms that control secretion of collagen from the ER.
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Coat flexibility in the secretory pathway: a role in transport of bulky cargoes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:104-111. [PMID: 31125831 PMCID: PMC7116127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells is a highly dynamic process, which needs to adapt to a variety of cargo proteins. The COPII coat mediates ER export of thousands of proteins with a wide range of sizes by generating coated membrane vesicles that incapsulate cargo. The process of assembly and disassembly of COPII, regulated by GTP hydrolysis, is a major determinant of the size and shape of transport carriers. Here, we analyse our knowledge of the COPII coat architecture and it assembly/disassembly dynamics, and link coat flexibility to the role of COPII in transport of large cargoes. We propose a common mechanism of action of regulatory factors that modulate COPII GTP hydrolysis cycle to promote budding.
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Maeda M, Kurokawa K, Katada T, Nakano A, Saito K. COPII proteins exhibit distinct subdomains within each ER exit site for executing their functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7346. [PMID: 31089171 PMCID: PMC6517409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins are exported from special domains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) termed ER exit sites, via COPII-coated carriers. We recently showed that TANGO1 and Sec16 cooperatively organize mammalian ER exit sites for efficient secretion. However, the detailed spatial organization of mammalian ER exit sites is yet to be revealed. Here, we used super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy (SCLIM) to investigate the localization of endogenous proteins, and we identified domains abundant in transmembrane complexes (TANGO1/cTAGE5/Sec12) juxtaposed to Sec16. Interestingly, this domain can be distinguished from the inner and the outer coats of COPII proteins within each mammalian ER exit site. Cargoes are partially concentrated in the domain for secretion. Our results suggest that mammalian ER exit sites compartmentalize proteins according to their function in COPII vesicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Maeda
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Katada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kota Saito
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
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33
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Lopes-da-Silva M, McCormack JJ, Burden JJ, Harrison-Lavoie KJ, Ferraro F, Cutler DF. A GBF1-Dependent Mechanism for Environmentally Responsive Regulation of ER-Golgi Transport. Dev Cell 2019; 49:786-801.e6. [PMID: 31056345 PMCID: PMC6764485 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
How can anterograde membrane trafficking be modulated by physiological cues? A screen of Golgi-associated proteins revealed that the ARF-GEF GBF1 can selectively modulate the ER-Golgi trafficking of prohaemostatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in human endothelial cells and in mouse fibroblasts. The relationship between levels of GBF1 and the trafficking of VWF into forming secretory granules confirmed GBF1 is a limiting factor in this process. Further, GBF1 activation by AMPK couples its control of anterograde trafficking to physiological cues; levels of glucose control GBF1 activation in turn modulating VWF trafficking into secretory granules. GBF1 modulates both ER and TGN exit, the latter dramatically affecting the size of the VWF storage organelles, thereby influencing the hemostatic capacity of the endothelium. The role of AMPK as a central integrating element of cellular pathways with intra- and extra-cellular cues can now be extended to modulation of the anterograde secretory pathway. The Arf-GEF GBF1 modulates anterograde trafficking of VWF and ECM proteins Loss of GBF1 slows ER and TGN exit, producing swollen ER and giant WPBs Activation of GBF1 via AMPK reduces endothelial WPB size and secretion Metabolic change alters anterograde trafficking and cargo secretion via AMPK-GBF1
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Lopes-da-Silva
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jessica J McCormack
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kimberly J Harrison-Lavoie
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Ferraro
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel F Cutler
- Endothelial Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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Dickinson MS, Anderson LN, Webb-Robertson BJM, Hansen JR, Smith RD, Wright AT, Hybiske K. Proximity-dependent proteomics of the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane reveals functional interactions with endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007698. [PMID: 30943267 PMCID: PMC6464245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection, responsible for millions of infections each year. Despite this high prevalence, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of Chlamydia pathogenesis has been difficult due to limitations in genetic tools and its intracellular developmental cycle. Within a host epithelial cell, chlamydiae replicate within a vacuole called the inclusion. Many Chlamydia-host interactions are thought to be mediated by the Inc family of type III secreted proteins that are anchored in the inclusion membrane, but their array of host targets are largely unknown. To investigate how the inclusion membrane proteome changes over the course of an infected cell, we have adapted the APEX2 system of proximity-dependent biotinylation. APEX2 is capable of specifically labeling proteins within a 20 nm radius in living cells. We transformed C. trachomatis to express the enzyme APEX2 fused to known inclusion membrane proteins, allowing biotinylation and purification of inclusion-associated proteins. Using quantitative mass spectrometry against APEX2 labeled samples, we identified over 400 proteins associated with the inclusion membrane at early, middle, and late stages of epithelial cell infection. This system was sensitive enough to detect inclusion interacting proteins early in the developmental cycle, at 8 hours post infection, a previously intractable time point. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a novel, early association between C. trachomatis inclusions and endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), functional regions of the ER where COPII-coated vesicles originate. Pharmacological and genetic disruption of ERES function severely restricted early chlamydial growth and the development of infectious progeny. APEX2 is therefore a powerful in situ approach for identifying critical protein interactions on the membranes of pathogen-containing vacuoles. Furthermore, the data derived from proteomic mapping of Chlamydia inclusions has illuminated an important functional role for ERES in promoting chlamydial developmental growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S. Dickinson
- Department of Global Health, Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lindsey N. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Joshua R. Hansen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
- The Gene and Linda Voiland College of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Hybiske
- Department of Global Health, Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Kurokawa K, Nakano A. The ER exit sites are specialized ER zones for the transport of cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. J Biochem 2019; 165:109-114. [PMID: 30304445 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle, including secretory protein biogenesis, lipid synthesis, drug metabolism, Ca2+ signalling and so on. Since the ER is a single continuous membrane structure, it includes distinct zones responsible for its different functions. The export of newly synthesized proteins from the ER is facilitated via coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles, which form in specialized zones within the ER, called the ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the structural organization of ERES, the correlation between the ERES and Golgi organization, and the faithful cargo transport mechanism from the ERES to the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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36
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Ito S, Nagata K. Roles of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident, collagen-specific molecular chaperone Hsp47 in vertebrate cells and human disease. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2133-2141. [PMID: 30541925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.002812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident molecular chaperone essential for correct folding of procollagen in mammalian cells. In this Review, we discuss the role and function of Hsp47 in vertebrate cells and its role in connective tissue disorders. Hsp47 binds to collagenous (Gly-Xaa-Arg) repeats within triple-helical procollagen in the ER and can prevent its local unfolding or aggregate formation, resulting in accelerating triple-helix formation of procollagen. Hsp47 pH-dependently dissociates from procollagen in the cis-Golgi or ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and is then transported back to the ER. Although Hsp47 belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, it does not possess serine protease inhibitory activity. Whereas general molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 and Hsp90 exhibit broad substrate specificity, Hsp47 has narrower specificity mainly for procollagens. However, other Hsp47-interacting proteins have been recently reported, suggesting a much broader role for Hsp47 in the cell that warrants further investigation. Other ER-resident stress proteins, such as binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), are induced by ER stress, whereas Hsp47 is induced only by heat shock. Constitutive expression of Hsp47 is always correlated with expression of various collagen types, and disruption of the Hsp47 gene in mice causes embryonic lethality due to impaired basement membrane and collagen fibril formation. Increased Hsp47 expression is associated with collagen-related disorders such as fibrosis, characterized by abnormal collagen accumulation, highlighting Hsp47's potential as a clinically relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- From the Institute for Protein Dynamics, .,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, and.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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37
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Melville D, Gorur A, Schekman R. Fatty-acid binding protein 5 modulates the SAR1 GTPase cycle and enhances budding of large COPII cargoes. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:387-399. [PMID: 30485159 PMCID: PMC6589570 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
COPII-coated vesicles are the primary mediators of ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Sar1, one of the five core COPII components, is a highly conserved small GTPase, which, upon GTP binding, recruits the other COPII proteins to the ER membrane. It has been hypothesized that the changes in the kinetics of SAR1 GTPase may allow for the secretion of large cargoes. Here we developed a cell-free assay to recapitulate COPII-dependent budding of large lipoprotein cargoes from the ER. We identified fatty-acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) as an enhancer of this budding process. We found that FABP5 promotes the budding of particles ∼150 nm in diameter and modulates the kinetics of the SAR1 GTPase cycle. We further found that FABP5 enhances the trafficking of lipoproteins and of other cargoes, including collagen. These data identify a novel regulator of SAR1 GTPase activity and highlight the importance of this activity for trafficking of large cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Melville
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Amita Gorur
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Subtomogram averaging of COPII assemblies reveals how coat organization dictates membrane shape. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4154. [PMID: 30297805 PMCID: PMC6175875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells employ membrane-bound carriers to transport cargo between compartments in a process essential to cell functionality. Carriers are generated by coat complexes that couple cargo capture to membrane deformation. The COPII coat mediates export from the endoplasmic reticulum by assembling in inner and outer layers, yielding carriers of variable shape and size that allow secretion of thousands of diverse cargo. Despite detailed understanding of COPII subunits, the molecular mechanisms of coat assembly and membrane deformation are unclear. Here we present a 4.9 Å cryo-tomography subtomogram averaging structure of in vitro-reconstituted membrane-bound inner coat. We show that the outer coat (Sec13-Sec31) bridges inner coat subunits (Sar1-Sec23-Sec24), promoting their assembly into a tight lattice. We directly visualize the membrane-embedded Sar1 amphipathic helix, revealing that lattice formation induces parallel helix insertions, yielding tubular curvature. We propose that regulators like the procollagen receptor TANGO1 modulate this mechanism to determine vesicle shape and size.
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Schenk NA, Dahl PJ, Hanna MG, Audhya A, Tall GG, Knight JD, Anantharam A. A simple supported tubulated bilayer system for evaluating protein-mediated membrane remodeling. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 215:18-28. [PMID: 30012406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fusion and fission of cellular membranes involve dramatic, protein-mediated changes in membrane curvature. Many of the experimental methods useful for investigating curvature sensing or generation require specialized equipment. We have developed a system based on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) in which lipid tubules are simple to produce and several types of membrane remodeling events can be readily imaged using widely available instrumentation (e.g., tubule fission and/or membrane budding). Briefly, high ionic strength during lipid bilayer deposition results in incorporation of excess lipids in the SLB. After sequentially washing with water and physiological ionic strength buffer solutions, lipid tubules form spontaneously. We find that tubule formation results from solution-dependent spreading of the SLB; washing from water into physiological ionic strength buffer solution leads to expansion of the bilayer and formation of tubules. Conversely, washing from physiological buffer into water results in contraction of the membrane and loss of tubules. We demonstrate the utility of these supported tubulated bilayers, termed "STuBs," with an investigation of Sar1B, a small Ras family G-protein known to influence membrane curvature. The addition of Sar1B to STuBs results in dramatic changes in tubule topology and eventual tubule fission. Overall, STuBs are a simple experimental system, useful for monitoring protein-mediated effects on membrane topology in real time, under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Schenk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Peter J Dahl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, United States
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, United States
| | - Gregory G Tall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, United States
| | | | - Arun Anantharam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, United States.
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