1
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Hussein MT, Sayed RKA, Mokhtar DM. Neuron mapping in the Molly fish optic tectum: An emphasis on the adult neurogenesis process. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2336-2354. [PMID: 38778562 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Teleost fish exhibit the most pronounced and widespread adult neurogenesis. Recently, functional development and the fate of newborn neurons have been reported in the optic tectum (OT) of fish. To determine the role of neurogenesis in the OT, this study used histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic investigations on 18 adult Molly fish specimens (Poecilia sphenops). The OT of the Molly fish was a bilateral lobed structure located in the dorsal part of the mesencephalon. It exhibited a laminated structure made up of alternating fiber and cellular layers, which were organized into six main layers. The stratum opticum (SO) was supplied by optic nerve fibers, in which the neuropil was the main component. Radial bipolar neurons that possessed bundles of microtubules were observed in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS). Furthermore, oligodendrocytes with their processes wrapped around the nerve fibers could be observed. The stratum album centrale (SAC) consisted mainly of the axons of the stratum griseum centrale (SGC) and the large tectal, pyriform, and horizontal neurons. The neuronal cells of the SO and large tectal cells of the SAC expressed autophagy-related protein-5 (APG5). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was expressed in both neurons and glia cells of SGC. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in the neuropil of the SAC synaptic layer and granule cells of the stratum periventriculare (SPV). Also, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and myostatin were clearly expressed in the proliferative neurons. In all strata, S100 protein and Oligodendrocyte Lineage Transcription Factor 2 (Olig2) were expressed by microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. In conclusion, it was possible to identify different varieties of neurons in the optic tectum, each with a distinct role. The existence of astrocytes, proliferative neurons, and stem cells highlights the regenerative capacity of OT. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The OT of the Molly fish exhibited a laminated structure made up of alternating fiber and cellular layers, which were organized into six main layers. Radial bipolar neurons that possessed bundles of microtubules were observed in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS). The stratum album central (SAC) consisted mainly of the axons of the stratum griseum centrale (SGC) and the large tectal, pyriform, and horizontal neurons. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in the neuropil of the SAC synaptic layer and granule cells of the stratum periventricular (SPV). Also, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and myostatin were clearly expressed in the proliferative neurons. The existence of astrocytes, proliferative neurons, and stem cells highlights the regenerative capacity of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal T Hussein
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ramy K A Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, New Nasser City, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Savuca A, Curpan AS, Hritcu LD, Buzenchi Proca TM, Balmus IM, Lungu PF, Jijie R, Nicoara MN, Ciobica AS, Solcan G, Solcan C. Do Microplastics Have Neurological Implications in Relation to Schizophrenia Zebrafish Models? A Brain Immunohistochemistry, Neurotoxicity Assessment, and Oxidative Stress Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8331. [PMID: 39125900 PMCID: PMC11312823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of exposure to environmental pollutants on neurological processes are of increasing concern due to their potential to induce oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Considering that many industries are currently using different types of plastics as raw materials, packaging, or distribution pipes, microplastics (MPs) have become one of the biggest threats to the environment and human health. These consequences have led to the need to raise the awareness regarding MPs negative neurological effects and implication in neuropsychiatric pathologies, such as schizophrenia. The study aims to use three zebrafish models of schizophrenia obtained by exposure to ketamine (Ket), methionine (Met), and their combination to investigate the effects of MP exposure on various nervous system structures and the possible interactions with oxidative stress. The results showed that MPs can interact with ketamine and methionine, increasing the severity and frequency of optic tectum lesions, while co-exposure (MP+Met+Ket) resulted in attenuated effects. Regarding oxidative status, we found that all exposure formulations led to oxidative stress, changes in antioxidant defense mechanisms, or compensatory responses to oxidative damage. Met exposure induced structural changes such as necrosis and edema, while paradoxically activating periventricular cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings highlight the complex interplay between environmental pollutants and neurotoxicants in modulating neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Savuca
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania; (A.-S.C.); (P.F.L.)
| | - Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania; (A.-S.C.); (P.F.L.)
| | - Luminita Diana Hritcu
- Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Teodora Maria Buzenchi Proca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (T.M.B.P.); (G.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania;
| | - Petru Fabian Lungu
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania; (A.-S.C.); (P.F.L.)
| | - Roxana Jijie
- Research Center on Advanced Materials and Technologies, Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania;
| | - Mircea Nicusor Nicoara
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania;
| | - Alin Stelian Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Teodor Codrescu 2, 700481 Iasi, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (T.M.B.P.); (G.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Mihail Sadoveanu Street, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (T.M.B.P.); (G.S.); (C.S.)
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3
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Sun LWH, Asana Marican HT, Beh LK, Shen H. Imaging the radioprotective effect of amifostine in the developing brain using an apoptosis-reporting transgenic zebrafish. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:433-444. [PMID: 37922446 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2280011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Normal tissue radioprotectants alleviate radiation-induced damages and preserve critical organ functions. Investigating their efficacy in vivo remains challenging, especially in enclosed organs like the brain. An animal model that enables direct visualization of radiation-induced apoptosis while possessing the structural complexity of a vertebrate brain facilitates these studies in a precise and effective manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a secA5 transgenic zebrafish expressing secreted Annexin V fused with a yellow fluorescent protein to visualize radiation-induced apoptosis in vivo. We developed a semi-automated imaging method for standardized acquisition of apoptosis signals in batches of zebrafish larvae. Using these approaches, we studied the protective effect of amifostine (WR-2721) in the irradiated zebrafish larval brain. RESULTS Upon 2 Gy total-body 137Cs irradiation, increased apoptosis could be visualized at high resolution in the secA5 brain at 2, 24, and 48 hour post irradiation (hpi). Amifostine treatment (4 mM) during irradiation reduced apoptosis significantly at 24 hpi and preserved Wnt active cells in the larval brain. When the 2 Gy irradiation was delivered in combination with cisplatin treatment (0.1 mM), the radioprotective effect of amifostine was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the radioprotective effect of amifostine in the developing zebrafish larval brain, and highlights the utility of secA5 transgenic zebrafish as a novel system for investigating normal tissue radioprotectants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W H Sun
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lih Khiang Beh
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Sun LWH, Asana Marican HT, Shen H. In Vivo Imaging of Radiation-Induced Apoptosis at Single-Cell Resolution in Transgenic Zebrafish Embryos. Radiat Res 2023; 199:229-239. [PMID: 36745564 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00174.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of cell death induced by ionizing radiation, apoptosis is a highly regulated and well-characterized form. Investigating radiation-induced apoptosis in an intact organism offers advantages in capturing the dynamics of apoptosis under preserved physiology, although high resolution imaging remains challenging. Owing to their optical transparency and genetic amenability, zebrafish is an ideal animal model for research into this aspect. In this study, we present a secA5 transgenic zebrafish expressing genetically encoded secreted ANNEXIN V fused with mVenus, a yellow fluorescent protein that enables reporting of radiation-induced apoptosis. Using in vivo imaging approach, we show that after 2 Gy total-body irradiation, apoptosis could be visualized at single-cell resolution in different cell types throughout the embryo. Elevated apoptosis could be imaged and quantified in the neuroepithelium of the embryonic brain, as well as the proliferative zone and parenchyma of the larval brain. In addition, clearance of apoptotic cells by microglia, the professional phagocytes residing in the brain, could be imaged at single-cell resolution in irradiated larvae. These results establish transgenic secA5 zebrafish as a useful and versatile in vivo system for investigating the dynamic process of radiation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Martin NR, Patel R, Kossack ME, Tian L, Camarillo MA, Cintrón-Rivera LG, Gawdzik JC, Yue MS, Nwagugo FO, Elemans LMH, Plavicki JS. Proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for establishing neural connectivity and oligodendrocyte precursor cell development in the embryonic zebrafish brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1032302. [PMID: 36523606 PMCID: PMC9745199 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1032302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-[p]-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent global pollutant that exhibits a high affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Epidemiological studies have associated AHR agonist exposure with multiple human neuropathologies. Consistent with the human data, research studies using laboratory models have linked pollutant-induced AHR activation to disruptions in learning and memory as well as motor impairments. Our understanding of endogenous AHR functions in brain development is limited and, correspondingly, scientists are still determining which cell types and brain regions are sensitive to AHR modulation. To identify novel phenotypes resulting from pollutant-induced AHR activation and ahr2 loss of function, we utilized the optically transparent zebrafish model. Early embryonic TCDD exposure impaired embryonic brain morphogenesis, resulted in ventriculomegaly, and disrupted neural connectivity in the optic tectum, habenula, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. Altered neural network formation was accompanied by reduced expression of synaptic vesicle 2. Loss of ahr2 function also impaired nascent network development, but did not affect gross brain or ventricular morphology. To determine whether neural AHR activation was sufficient to disrupt connectivity, we used the Gal4/UAS system to express a constitutively active AHR specifically in differentiated neurons and observed disruptions only in the cerebellum; thus, suggesting that the phenotypes resulting from global AHR activation likely involve multiple cell types. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that TCDD exposure reduced the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their derivatives. Together, our findings indicate that proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for the growth and maturation of the embryonic zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ratna Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle E. Kossack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lucy Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Manuel A. Camarillo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Layra G. Cintrón-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph C. Gawdzik
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Monica S. Yue
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Favour O. Nwagugo
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Loes M. H. Elemans
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica S. Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Jessica S. Plavicki,
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6
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Haspel G, Cohen N. Neurodevelopment: Maintaining function during circuit reconfiguration. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1226-R1228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Chin JSR, Phan TAN, Albert LT, Keene AC, Duboué ER. Long lasting anxiety following early life stress is dependent on glucocorticoid signaling in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12826. [PMID: 35896563 PMCID: PMC9329305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic adversity in early childhood is associated with increased anxiety and a propensity for substance abuse later in adulthood, yet the effects of early life stress (ELS) on brain development remain poorly understood. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a powerful model for studying neurodevelopment and stress. Here, we describe a zebrafish model of ELS and identify a role for glucocorticoid signaling during a critical window in development that leads to long-term changes in brain function. Larval fish subjected to chronic stress in early development exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and elevated glucocorticoid levels later in life. Increased stress-like behavior was only observed when fish were subjected to ELS within a precise time window in early development, revealing a temporal critical window of sensitivity. Moreover, enhanced anxiety-like behavior only emerges after two months post-ELS, revealing a developmentally specified delay in the effects of ELS. ELS leads to increased levels of baseline cortisol, and resulted in a dysregulation of cortisol receptors' mRNA expression, suggesting long-term effects on cortisol signaling. Together, these findings reveal a 'critical window' for ELS to affect developmental reprogramming of the glucocorticoid receptor pathway, resulting in chronic elevated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S R Chin
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA
| | - Tram-Anh N Phan
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA
| | - Lydia T Albert
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Erik R Duboué
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33407, USA.
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8
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Brożko N, Baggio S, Lipiec MA, Jankowska M, Szewczyk ŁM, Gabriel MO, Chakraborty C, Ferran JL, Wiśniewska MB. Genoarchitecture of the Early Postmitotic Pretectum and the Role of Wnt Signaling in Shaping Pretectal Neurochemical Anatomy in Zebrafish. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:838567. [PMID: 35356436 PMCID: PMC8959918 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.838567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pretectum has a distinct nuclear arrangement and complex neurochemical anatomy. While previous genoarchitectural studies have described rostrocaudal and dorsoventral progenitor domains and subdomains in different species, the relationship between these early partitions and its later derivatives in the mature anatomy is less understood. The signals and transcription factors that control the establishment of pretectal anatomy are practically unknown. We investigated the possibility that some aspects of the development of pretectal divisions are controlled by Wnt signaling, focusing on the transitional stage between neurogenesis and histogenesis in zebrafish. Using several molecular markers and following the prosomeric model, we identified derivatives from each rostrocaudal pretectal progenitor domain and described the localization of gad1b-positive GABAergic and vglut2.2-positive glutamatergic cell clusters. We also attempted to relate these clusters to pretectal nuclei in the mature brain. Then, we examined the influence of Wnt signaling on the size of neurochemically distinctive pretectal areas, using a chemical inhibitor of the Wnt pathway and the CRISPR/Cas9 approach to knock out genes that encode the Wnt pathway mediators, Lef1 and Tcf7l2. The downregulation of the Wnt pathway led to a decrease in two GABAergic clusters and an expansion of a glutamatergic subregion in the maturing pretectum. This revealed an instructive role of the Wnt signal in the development of the pretectum during neurogenesis. The molecular anatomy presented here improves our understanding of pretectal development during early postmitotic stages and support the hypothesis that Wnt signaling is involved in shaping the neurochemical organization of the pretectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Brożko
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suelen Baggio
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin A. Lipiec
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Jankowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - José L. Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia -Ű IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta B. Wiśniewska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marta B. Wiśniewska,
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9
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Liu KE, Raymond MH, Ravichandran KS, Kucenas S. Clearing Your Mind: Mechanisms of Debris Clearance After Cell Death During Neural Development. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:177-198. [PMID: 35226828 PMCID: PMC10157384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-022431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment and efferocytosis have fascinated scientists for decades. How an organism builds a nervous system that is precisely tuned for efficient behaviors and survival and how it simultaneously manages constant somatic cell turnover are complex questions that have resulted in distinct fields of study. Although neurodevelopment requires the overproduction of cells that are subsequently pruned back, very few studies marry these fields to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive nervous system development through the lens of cell clearance. In this review, we discuss these fields to highlight exciting areas of future synergy. We first review neurodevelopment from the perspective of overproduction and subsequent refinement and then discuss who clears this developmental debris and the mechanisms that control these events. We then end with how a more deliberate merger of neurodevelopment and efferocytosis could reframe our understanding of homeostasis and disease and discuss areas of future study. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Liu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael H Raymond
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Center for Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Center for Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and the Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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10
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Martin A, Babbitt A, Pickens AG, Pickett BE, Hill JT, Suli A. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Characterizes the Molecular Heterogeneity of the Larval Zebrafish Optic Tectum. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818007. [PMID: 35221915 PMCID: PMC8869500 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The optic tectum (OT) is a multilaminated midbrain structure that acts as the primary retinorecipient in the zebrafish brain. Homologous to the mammalian superior colliculus, the OT is responsible for the reception and integration of stimuli, followed by elicitation of salient behavioral responses. While the OT has been the focus of functional experiments for decades, less is known concerning specific cell types, microcircuitry, and their individual functions within the OT. Recent efforts have contributed substantially to the knowledge of tectal cell types; however, a comprehensive cell catalog is incomplete. Here we contribute to this growing effort by applying single-cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptomic profiles of tectal cells labeled by the transgenic enhancer trap line y304Et(cfos:Gal4;UAS:Kaede). We sequenced 13,320 cells, a 4X cellular coverage, and identified 25 putative OT cell populations. Within those cells, we identified several mature and developing neuronal populations, as well as non-neuronal cell types including oligodendrocytes and microglia. Although most mature neurons demonstrate GABAergic activity, several glutamatergic populations are present, as well as one glycinergic population. We also conducted Gene Ontology analysis to identify enriched biological processes, and computed RNA velocity to infer current and future transcriptional cell states. Finally, we conducted in situ hybridization to validate our bioinformatic analyses and spatially map select clusters. In conclusion, the larval zebrafish OT is a complex structure containing at least 25 transcriptionally distinct cell populations. To our knowledge, this is the first time scRNA-seq has been applied to explore the OT alone and in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalie Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Annalie Martin,
| | - Anne Babbitt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Allison G. Pickens
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jonathon T. Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Arminda Suli
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Arminda Suli,
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11
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Doll L, Aghaallaei N, Dick AM, Welte K, Skokowa J, Bajoghli B. A zebrafish model for HAX1-associated congenital neutropenia. Haematologica 2021; 106:1311-1320. [PMID: 32327498 PMCID: PMC8094079 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia is a rare heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by an arrest of granulocyte maturation. Autosomal recessive mutations in the HAX1 gene are frequently detected in affected individuals. However, the precise role of HAX1 during neutrophil differentiation is poorly understood. To date, no reliable animal model has been established to study HAX1-associated congenital neutropenia. Here we show that knockdown of zebrafish hax1 impairs neutrophil development without affecting other myeloid cells and erythrocytes. Furthermore, we found that interference with Hax1 function decreases the expression level of key target genes of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway. The reduced neutrophil numbers in the morphants could be reversed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which is also the main therapeutic intervention for patients who have congenital neutropenia. Our results demonstrate that the zebrafish is a suitable model for HAX1-associated neutropenia. We anticipate that this model will serve as an in vivo platform to identify new avenues for developing tailored therapeutic strategies for patients with congenital neutropenia, particularly for those individuals who do not respond to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Doll
- Dept. of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Narges Aghaallaei
- Dept. of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Advaita M Dick
- Dept. of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- University Children Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Dept. of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Baubak Bajoghli
- Dept. of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
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Avitan L, Pujic Z, Mölter J, McCullough M, Zhu S, Sun B, Myhre AE, Goodhill GJ. Behavioral Signatures of a Developing Neural Code. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3352-3363.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Joyce BJ, Brown GE. Rapid plastic changes in brain morphology in response to acute changes in predation pressure in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos). CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Teleosts exhibit inter- and intra-specific variation in the size and shape of their brains. Interpopulation differences in gross brain morphology among numerous teleost fish species have been observed and have been partially attributed to plastic changes in response to their environment, including predation. These differences manifest themselves macroscopically, potentially because teleosts retain the capacity for active neuroproliferation into adulthood. Building on previous work, showing chronic exposure to predation can affect brain morphology, we sought to determine whether these differences manifest themselves on a time scale shown to induce phenotypically plastic behavioural changes. In separate trials, we held northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos (Cope, 1861) = Chrosomus eos Cope, 1861) and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) in semi-natural conditions and exposed them to conspecific skin extract as a proxy for predation risk over 2 weeks. After exposure, their brains were excised, photographed, and analyzed for size (multivariate ANOVA) and shape (Procrustes ANOVA). Despite their brief exposure to simulated predation pressure, subjects from both species developed significantly different brain morphologies. Compared with controls, the Atlantic salmon exhibited a different brain shape and smaller optic tecta, whereas the northern redbelly dace had larger brains with more developed olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. Our results highlight the rapidity with which external environment can alter patterns of growth in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J. Joyce
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Grant E. Brown
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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DeMarco E, Xu N, Baier H, Robles E. Neuron types in the zebrafish optic tectum labeled by an id2b transgene. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1173-1188. [PMID: 31725916 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The larval zebrafish optic tectum has emerged as a prominent model for understanding how neural circuits control visually guided behaviors. Further advances in this area will require tools to monitor and manipulate tectal neurons with cell type specificity. Here, we characterize the morphology and neurotransmitter phenotype of tectal neurons labeled by an id2b:gal4 transgene. Whole-brain imaging of stable transgenic id2b:gal4 larvae revealed labeling in a subset of neurons in optic tectum, cerebellum, and hindbrain. Genetic mosaic labeling of single neurons within the id2b:gal4 expression pattern enabled us to characterize three tectal neuron types with distinct morphologies and connectivities. The first is a neuron type previously identified in the optic tectum of other teleost fish: the tectal pyramidal neuron (PyrN). PyrNs are local interneurons that form two stratified dendritic arbors and one stratified axonal arbor in the tectal neuropil. The second tectal neuron type labeled by the id2b:gal4 transgene is a projection neuron that forms a stratified dendritic arbor in the tectal neuropil and an axon that exits tectum to form a topographic projection to torus longitudinalis (TL). A third neuron type labeled is a projection neuron with a nonstratified dendritic arbor and a descending axonal projection to tegmentum. These findings establish the id2b:gal4 transgenic as a useful tool for future studies aimed at elucidating the functional role of tectum, TL, and tegmentum in visually guided behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth DeMarco
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nina Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Estuardo Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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