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Gardner LL, Thompson SJ, O'Connor JD, McMahon SJ. Modelling radiobiology. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:18TR01. [PMID: 39159658 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad70f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has played an essential role in cancer treatment for over a century, and remains one of the best-studied methods of cancer treatment. Because of its close links with the physical sciences, it has been the subject of extensive quantitative mathematical modelling, but a complete understanding of the mechanisms of radiotherapy has remained elusive. In part this is because of the complexity and range of scales involved in radiotherapy-from physical radiation interactions occurring over nanometres to evolution of patient responses over months and years. This review presents the current status and ongoing research in modelling radiotherapy responses across these scales, including basic physical mechanisms of DNA damage, the immediate biological responses this triggers, and genetic- and patient-level determinants of response. Finally, some of the major challenges in this field and potential avenues for future improvements are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Gardner
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon J Thompson
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - John D O'Connor
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
- Ulster University School of Engineering, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
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2
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van Goor IW, Raymakers L, Andel DS, Brosens LA, Kranenburg O, Leusen JH, Meijer GJ, Molenaar IQ, van Santvoort HC, de Vries JW, Wopereis AJ, Intven MP, Daamen LA. Radiation response assessment of organoids derived from patients with pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 48:100829. [PMID: 39192878 PMCID: PMC11347840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effectiveness of radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer is debated. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) already mimicked clinical radiation response in other cancer types, which could be valuable in pancreatic cancer as well. This study aimed to investigate whether PDOs can be used to model RT response in pancreatic cancer and to explore the presence of a dose-response correlation. Methods PDOs derived from two pancreatic cancer patients (HUB-08-B2-022A and HUB-08-B2-026B) were irradiated with doses ranging from 0 to 40 Gray. Viability assessments were conducted after seven and 10 days by measuring ATP-levels. Results were normalized, defining the viability at 0 Gray as 100 % and an absolute viability of 0 as 0 %. The relative area under the curve (rAUC) was calculated (0 = total sensitivity, 1 = total resistance). Results With a readout time of seven days, both HUB-08-B2-022A and HUB-08-B2-026B exhibited viability above 50 % at the highest dose of 12 Gy (rAUC of 0.79 and 0.69, respectively). With a readout time of 10 days, both PDOs showed a dose-response relation although HUB-08-B2-022A was more sensitive than HUB-08-B2-026B (rAUC of 0.37 and 0.51, respectively). Increasing the radiation dose to 40 Gy did not further affect viability, but the dose-response relation remained present (rAUC of 0.13 and 0.26, respectively). In the final experiment with a readout time of 10 days and a maximum dose of 14 Gy, the dose-response correlation was paramount in both PDOs (rAUC 0.28 and 0.45, respectively), with HUB-08-B2-022A being most sensitive. Conclusions In this setup, both pancreatic cancer PDOs showed an irradiation dose-response correlation. These preliminary findings suggest that pancreatic cancer PDOs are suitable for assessing radiation response in vitro. Further experiments are needed to eventually simulate treatment responses to personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris W.J.M. van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Raymakers
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daan S.H. Andel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lab of Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A.A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lab of Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H.W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J. Meijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I. Quintus Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar C. van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.H. Wilfred de Vries
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andre J.M. Wopereis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn P.W. Intven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lois A. Daamen
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cassandri M, Porrazzo A, Pomella S, Noce B, Zwergel C, Aiello FA, Vulcano F, Milazzo L, Camero S, Pajalunga D, Spada M, Manzi V, Gravina GL, Codenotti S, Piccione M, Tomaciello M, Signore M, Barillari G, Marchese C, Fanzani A, De Angelis B, Quintarelli C, Vakoc CR, Chen EY, Megiorni F, Locatelli F, Valente S, Mai A, Rota R, Marampon F. HDAC3 genetic and pharmacologic inhibition radiosensitizes fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma by promoting DNA double-strand breaks. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:351. [PMID: 39107280 PMCID: PMC11303816 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a critical role in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. The high risk PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-positive subtype (FP-RMS) is often resistant to RT. We have recently demonstrated that inhibition of class-I histone deacetylases (HDACs) radiosensitizes FP-RMS both in vitro and in vivo. However, HDAC inhibitors exhibited limited success on solid tumors in human clinical trials, at least in part due to the presence of off-target effects. Hence, identifying specific HDAC isoforms that can be targeted to radiosensitize FP-RMS is imperative. We, here, found that only HDAC3 silencing, among all class-I HDACs screened by siRNA, radiosensitizes FP-RMS cells by inhibiting colony formation. Thus, we dissected the effects of HDAC3 depletion using CRISPR/Cas9-dependent HDAC3 knock-out (KO) in FP-RMS cells, which resulted in Endoplasmatic Reticulum Stress activation, ERK inactivation, PARP1- and caspase-dependent apoptosis and reduced stemness when combined with irradiation compared to single treatments. HDAC3 loss-of-function increased DNA damage in irradiated cells augmenting H2AX phosphorylation and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and counteracting irradiation-dependent activation of ATM and DNA-Pkcs as well as Rad51 protein induction. Moreover, HDAC3 depletion hampers FP-RMS tumor growth in vivo and maximally inhibits the growth of irradiated tumors compared to single approaches. We, then, developed a new HDAC3 inhibitor, MC4448, which showed specific cell anti-tumor effects and mirrors the radiosensitizing effects of HDAC3 depletion in vitro synergizing with ERKs inhibition. Overall, our findings dissect the pro-survival role of HDAC3 in FP-RMS and suggest HDAC3 genetic or pharmacologic inhibition as a new promising strategy to overcome radioresistance in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrazzo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonella Aiello
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vulcano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Milazzo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Camero
- Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Pajalunga
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Manzi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Piccione
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Tomaciello
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleanor Y Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Khosravi H, Manoochehri H, Farmany A, Khoshghadam A, Rafieemehr H, Azmoonfar R. Bismuth selenide nanoparticles enhance radiation sensitivity in colon cancer cells in-vitro. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101732. [PMID: 38859930 PMCID: PMC11163147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is one of the primary treatments for cancer, but it can cause damage to normal tissues and lead to side effects. The use of radiosensitizers can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation, thereby reducing the amount of radiation required and minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Bismuth selenide nanoparticles (Bi2Se3 NPs) have been shown to have potential as radiosensitizers. Materials and methods In this study, we investigated the potential of Bi2Se3 NPs as a radiosensitizer in colon cancer cells (HCT-116) in vitro. The cells were treated with various concentrations of Bi2Se3 NPs and then exposed to ionizing radiation. The viability of the cells was assessed using the MTT assay, and the survival rate was evaluated. Results Our results showed that Bi2Se3 NPs significantly enhanced the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to ionizing radiation in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of Bi2Se3 NPs and radiation resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and survival rate compared to radiation alone. Conclusion Bi2Se3 NPs have the potential to be used as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of colon cancer. The findings of this study suggest that combining Bi2Se3 NPs with radiation may enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and reduce the mortality rate associated with colon cancer. Further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of this approach in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khosravi
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Department of Dental Implant Research, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khoshghadam
- Department of Radiooncology, Mahdieh Charity Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hassan Rafieemehr
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Azmoonfar
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Renaud LI, Renaud C, Delepoulle S, Asselin E. Toto-Cell: A new software to analyze cellular events during video-microscopy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302042. [PMID: 38905217 PMCID: PMC11192387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Video-microscopy is a technology widely used to follow, in a single cell manner, cell behavior. A number of new studies are searching a way to track these behaviors by artificial intelligence; unfortunately some real-time events still have to be track manually. For that reason, we developed a software that helps the experimenter to analyze collected data. Toto-cell is very simple to use and it can be adapted at different type of analyses or treatments. It allows a wide new range of parameters that were nearly impossible to calculate only by hand. We thus developed this new software using HEC-1-A endometrial cell line to track different cellular parameters such as: the number of normal/abnormal mitosis, the ratio per day of death, mitosis, cell fusions or finally the length between two mitosis cycles. We treated our cells with cisplatin, doxorubicin or AZD5363 (an Akt inhibitor) to obtain different cellular events. What emerged is a huge heterogeneity for these analyzed parameters between the cells in a single treatment which is clearly demonstrated by the results provided by Toto-Cell. In conclusion, our software is an important tool to facilitate the analysis of video-microscopy, in a quantifying and qualifying manner. It enables a higher accuracy when compared to manual calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa-Isabelle Renaud
- Laboratoire de Gynéco-Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Renaud
- Laboratoire d’Informatique, Signal et Image (LISIC), Unfigiversité du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Calais, France
| | - Samuel Delepoulle
- Laboratoire d’Informatique, Signal et Image (LISIC), Unfigiversité du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Calais, France
| | - Eric Asselin
- Laboratoire de Gynéco-Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Rachamala HK, Madamsetty VS, Angom RS, Nakka NM, Dutta SK, Wang E, Mukhopadhyay D, Pal K. Targeting mTOR and survivin concurrently potentiates radiation therapy in renal cell carcinoma by suppressing DNA damage repair and amplifying mitotic catastrophe. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:159. [PMID: 38840237 PMCID: PMC11155143 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was historically considered to be less responsive to radiation therapy (RT) compared to other cancer indications. However, advancements in precision high-dose radiation delivery through single-fraction and multi-fraction stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) have led to better outcomes and reduced treatment-related toxicities, sparking renewed interest in using RT to treat RCC. Moreover, numerous studies have revealed that certain therapeutic agents including chemotherapies can increase the sensitivity of tumors to RT, leading to a growing interest in combining these treatments. Here, we developed a rational combination of two radiosensitizers in a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation for augmenting RT in RCC. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation combining the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (E) with the survivin inhibitor YM155 (Y) in enhancing the sensitivity of RCC tumors to radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We slightly modified our previously published tumor-targeted liposomal formulation to develop a rational combination of E and Y in a single liposomal formulation (EY-L) and assessed its efficacy in RCC cell lines in vitro and in RCC tumors in vivo. We further investigated how well EY-L sensitizes RCC cell lines and tumors toward radiation and explored the underlying mechanism of radiosensitization. RESULTS EY-L outperformed the corresponding single drug-loaded formulations E-L and Y-L in terms of containing primary tumor growth and improving survival in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model of RCC. EY-L also exhibited significantly higher sensitization of RCC cells towards radiation in vitro than E-L and Y-L. Additionally, EY-L sensitized RCC tumors towards radiation therapy in xenograft and murine RCC models. EY-L mediated induction of mitotic catastrophe via downregulation of multiple cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair pathways could be responsible for the augmentation of radiation therapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study demonstrated the efficacy of a strategic combination therapy in sensitizing RCC to radiation therapy via inhibition of DNA damage repair and a substantial increase in mitotic catastrophe. This combination therapy may find its use in the augmentation of radiation therapy during the treatment of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Rachamala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Vijay S Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- PolyARNA Therapeutics, One Kendal Square, Cambridge, MA, 01329, USA
| | - Ramcharan S Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Naga M Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Korelin K, Oostveen M, Wahbi W, Ianevski F, Cavalcante B, Turunen L, Belevich I, Al-Samadi A, Salo T. Evaluation of BH3 mimetics as a combination therapy with irradiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116719. [PMID: 38749173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer with a five-year survival rate around 60%, indicating a need for new treatments. BH3 mimetics are small molecules that inhibit anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, resulting in apoptosis induction. METHODS We performed a high-throughput screen using a Myogel matrix to identify the synergy between irradiation and the novel BH3 mimetics A-1155463, A-1331852, and navitoclax in 12 HNSCC cell lines, normal (NOF) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and dysplastic keratinocytes (ODA). Next, we examined synergy in an apoptosis assay, followed by a clonogenic assay and a Myogel spheroid on selected HNSCC cell lines. Finally, we applied zebrafish larvae xenograft to validate the effects of navitoclax and A-1331852. RESULTS All three BH3 mimetics exhibited a strong synergy with irradiation in eight HNSCC cell lines and ODAs, but not in NOFs and CAFs. A-1155463 and A-1331852 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, and together with irradiation, significantly increased apoptosis and arrested proliferation. A-1331852 and navitoclax significantly decreased the clonogenicity compared with the control, and combination treatment led to a decreased clonogenicity compared with monotherapy or irradiation. However, unlike navitoclax or A-1155463, only A-1331852 significantly reduced cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, in spheroid and zebrafish, irradiation appeared ineffective and failed to significantly increase the drug effect. In the zebrafish, A-1331852 and navitoclax significantly reduced the tumor area and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings encourage the further preclinical investigation of BH3 mimetics, particularly A-1331852, as a single agent or combined with irradiation as a treatment for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Korelin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mayke Oostveen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wafa Wahbi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Filipp Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Bruno Cavalcante
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland; Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki 00029, Finland
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Hodson D, Mistry H, Yates J, Guzzetti S, Davies M, Aarons L, Ogungbenro K. Hierarchical cluster analysis and nonlinear mixed-effects modelling for candidate biomarker detection in preclinical models of cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 197:106774. [PMID: 38641123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models of cancer can be of translational benefit when assessing how different biomarkers are regulated in response to particular treatments. Detection of molecular biomarkers in preclinical models of cancer is difficult due inter-animal variability in responses, combined with limited accessibility of longitudinal data. METHODS Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling (NLME) was used to analyse tumour growth data based on expected tumour growth rates observed 7 days after initial doses (DD7) of Radiotherapy (RT) and Combination of RT with DNA Damage Response Inhibitors (DDRi). Cox regression was performed to confirm an association between DD7 and survival. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was then used to identify candidate biomarkers impacting responses to RT and RT/DDRi and these were validated using NLME. RESULTS Cox regression confirmed significant associations between DD7 and survival. HCA of RT treated samples, combined with NLME confirmed significant associations between DD7 and Cluster specific CD8+ Ki67 MFI, as well as DD7 and cluster specific Natural Killer cell density in RT treated mice. CONCLUSION Application of NLME, as well as HCA of candidate biomarkers may provide additional avenues to assess the effect of RT in MC38 syngeneic tumour models. Additional studies would need to be conducted to confirm association between DD7 and biomarkers in RT/DDRi treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hodson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - James Yates
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sofia Guzzetti
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leon Aarons
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kayode Ogungbenro
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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9
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Lee G, Strickland MR, Wo JY. Role of Preoperative Radiation Therapy for Resectable Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:584-598. [PMID: 38353901 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While surgery is the primary curative treatment for resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer, rates of locoregional and distant recurrence remain high with surgery alone, especially in more advanced disease. Multimodal approaches with perioperative therapy including chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (RT) have thus evolved as ways to reduce the rates of disease recurrence and improve survival outcomes. This review article provides a comprehensive literature review on the role of preoperative RT for resectable gastric and GEJ cancer. METHODS A literature review on the role of preoperative RT for resectable gastric and GEJ cancer was conducted. RESULTS Preoperative RT has the potential to facilitate tumor downstaging and improved R0 resection, allowing for better locoregional control and thereby survival. For resectable locally advanced GEJ cancer, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is currently a standard of care option along with perioperative chemotherapy, based on evidence from randomized trials. In resectable gastric cancer, however, the role of preoperative CRT is less defined with no randomized data to date, although phase II single-arm studies have shown promising results. Current standard of care for gastric cancer remains perioperative chemotherapy, with consideration for preoperative CRT in select cases. CONCLUSION Results from ongoing and future randomized controlled trials are expected to help define the role of preoperative CRT compared to perioperative chemotherapy alone as well as postoperative CRT for gastric and GEJ cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Strickland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Dok R, Vanderwaeren L, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. Radiobiology of Proton Therapy in Human Papillomavirus-Negative and Human Papillomavirus-Positive Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1959. [PMID: 38893080 PMCID: PMC11171379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photon-based radiotherapy (XRT) is one of the most frequently used treatment modalities for HPV-negative and HPV-positive locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, locoregional recurrences and normal RT-associated toxicity remain major problems for these patients. Proton therapy (PT), with its dosimetric advantages, can present a solution to the normal toxicity problem. However, issues concerning physical delivery and the lack of insights into the underlying biology of PT hamper the full exploitation of PT. Here, we assessed the radiobiological processes involved in PT in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC cells. We show that PT and XRT activate the DNA damage-repair and stress response in both HPV-negative and HPV-positive cells to a similar extent. The activation of these major radiobiological mechanisms resulted in equal levels of clonogenic survival and mitotic cell death. Altogether, PT resulted in similar biological effectiveness when compared to XRT. These results emphasize the importance of dosimetric parameters when exploiting the potential of increased clinical effectiveness and reduced normal tissue toxicity in PT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vanderwaeren
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Nersesova L, Petrosyan M, Tsakanova G. Review of the evidence of radioprotective potential of creatine and arginine as dietary supplements. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:849-864. [PMID: 38683545 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2345098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Creatine (Cr) and l-arginine are naturally occurring guanidino compounds, commonly used as ergogenic dietary supplements. Creatine and l-arginine exhibit also a number of non-energy-related features, such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to their protective action against oxidative stress (OS). In this regard, there are a number of studies emphasizing the protective effect of Cr against OS, which develops in the process of aging, increased physical loads as part of athletes' workouts, as well as a number of neurological diseases and toxic effects associated with xenobiotics and UV irradiation. Against this backdrop, and since ionizing radiation causes OS in cells, leading to radiotoxicity, there is an increasing interest to understand whether Cr has the full potential to serve as an effective radioprotective agent. The extensive literature search did not provide any data on this issue. In this narrative review, we have summarized some of our own experimental data published over the last years addressing the respective radioprotective effects of Cr. Next, we have additionally reviewed the existing data on the radiomodifying effects of l-arginine presented earlier by other research groups. CONCLUSIONS Creatine possesses significant radioprotective potential including: (1) radioprotective effect on the survival rate of rats subjected to acute whole-body X-ray irradiation in a LD70/30 dose of 6.5 Gy, (2) radioprotective effect on the population composition of peripheral blood cells, (3) radioprotective effect on the DNA damage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, (4) radioprotective effect on the hepatocyte nucleus-nucleolar apparatus, and (5) radioprotective effect on the brain and liver Cr-Cr kinase systems of the respective animals. Taking into account these cytoprotective, gene-protective, hepatoprotective and energy-stimulating features of Cr, as well as its significant radioprotective effect on the survival rate of rats, it can be considered as a potentially promising radioprotector for further preclinical and clinical studies. The review of the currently available data on radiomodifying effects of l-arginine has indicated its significant potential as a radioprotector, radiomitigator, and radiosensitizer. However, to prove the effectiveness of arginine (Arg) as a radioprotective agent, it appears necessary to expand and deepen the relevant preclinical studies, and, most importantly, increase the number of proof-of-concept clinical trials, which are evidently lacking as of now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
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12
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Talapko J, Talapko D, Katalinić D, Kotris I, Erić I, Belić D, Vasilj Mihaljević M, Vasilj A, Erić S, Flam J, Bekić S, Matić S, Škrlec I. Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Human Body. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:653. [PMID: 38674299 PMCID: PMC11052428 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Radioactivity is a process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms spontaneously decay, producing other nuclei and releasing energy in the form of ionizing radiation in the form of alpha (α) and beta (β) particles as well as the emission of gamma (γ) electromagnetic waves. People may be exposed to radiation in various forms, as casualties of nuclear accidents, workers in power plants, or while working and using different radiation sources in medicine and health care. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in subjects exposed to a very high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. Each form of radiation has a unique pathophysiological effect. Unfortunately, higher organisms-human beings-in the course of evolution have not acquired receptors for the direct "capture" of radiation energy, which is transferred at the level of DNA, cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation in biological systems depends on the amount of absorbed energy and its spatial distribution, particularly depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Photon radiation with low LET leads to homogeneous energy deposition in the entire tissue volume. On the other hand, radiation with a high LET produces a fast Bragg peak, which generates a low input dose, whereby the penetration depth into the tissue increases with the radiation energy. The consequences are mutations, apoptosis, the development of cancer, and cell death. The most sensitive cells are those that divide intensively-bone marrow cells, digestive tract cells, reproductive cells, and skin cells. The health care system and the public should raise awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation. Therefore, our aim is to identify the consequences of ARS taking into account radiation damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Darko Katalinić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivan Kotris
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivan Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dino Belić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mila Vasilj Mihaljević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ana Vasilj
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Flam
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Matić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Martinez P, Baghli I, Gourjon G, Seyfried TN. Mitochondrial-Stem Cell Connection: Providing Additional Explanations for Understanding Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:229. [PMID: 38668357 PMCID: PMC11051897 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer paradigm is generally based on the somatic mutation model, asserting that cancer is a disease of genetic origin. The mitochondrial-stem cell connection (MSCC) proposes that tumorigenesis may result from an alteration of the mitochondria, specifically a chronic oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) insufficiency in stem cells, which forms cancer stem cells (CSCs) and leads to malignancy. Reviewed evidence suggests that the MSCC could provide a comprehensive understanding of all the different stages of cancer. The metabolism of cancer cells is altered (OxPhos insufficiency) and must be compensated by using the glycolysis and the glutaminolysis pathways, which are essential to their growth. The altered mitochondria regulate the tumor microenvironment, which is also necessary for cancer evolution. Therefore, the MSCC could help improve our understanding of tumorigenesis, metastases, the efficiency of standard treatments, and relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Martinez
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 84140 Montfavet, France;
| | - Ilyes Baghli
- International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine, Toronto, ON M4B 3M9, Canada;
| | - Géraud Gourjon
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 84140 Montfavet, France;
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14
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Campagna R, Dominelli F, Zingaropoli MA, Ciurluini F, Grilli G, Amoroso A, De Domenico A, Amatore D, Lia MS, Cortesi E, Picone V, Mastroianni CM, Ciardi MR, De Santis R, Lista F, Antonelli G, Turriziani O. COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients: Immune responses one year after the third dose. Vaccine 2024; 42:2687-2694. [PMID: 38499458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer patients (CPs), being immunosuppressed due to the treatment received or to the disease itself, are more susceptible to infections and their potential complications, showing therefore an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 compared to the general population. We evaluated the immune responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with solid tumors one year after the administration of the third dose and the effect of cancer treatment on vaccine immunogenicity was assessed. Healthy donors (HDs) were enrolled. Binding and neutralizing antibody (Ab) titers were evaluated using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) respectively. T-cell response was analyzed using multiparametric flow cytometry. CPs who were administered three vaccine doses showed lower Ab titers than CPs with four doses and HDs. Overall, a lower cell-mediated response was found in CPs, with a predominance of monofunctional T-cells producing TNFα. Lower Ab titers and a weaker T-cell response were observed in CPs without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to those with a previous infection. While no differences in the humoral response were found comparing immunotherapy and non-immunotherapy patients, a stronger T-cell response in CPs treated with immunotherapy was observed. Our results emphasize the need of booster doses in cancer patients to achieve a level of protection similar to that observed in healthy donors and underlines the importance of considering the treatment received to reach a proper immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Campagna
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 33, 000185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Dominelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Ciurluini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Grilli
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Cortesi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Picone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Florigio Lista
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 33, 000185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 33, 000185 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Sens D, Singhal SK. Translating genetic findings to epigenetics: identifying the mechanisms associated with aging after high-radiation exposure on earth and in space. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333222. [PMID: 38584916 PMCID: PMC10995328 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exposure to radiation is a health concern within and beyond the Earth's atmosphere for aircrew and astronauts in their respective austere environments. The biological effects of radiation exposure from a multiomics standpoint are relatively unexplored and stand to shed light on tailored monitoring and treatment for those in these career fields. To establish a reference variable for genetic damage, biological age seems to be closely associated with the effect of radiation. Following a genetic-based study, this study explores the epigenetic landscape of radiation exposure along with its associative effects on aging processes. Methods We imported the results of the genetics-based study that was a secondary analysis of five publicly available datasets (noted as Data1). The overlap of these genes with new data involving methylation data from two datasets (noted as Data2) following similar secondary analysis procedures is the basis of this study. We performed the standard statistical analysis on these datasets along with supervised and unsupervised learning to create preranked gene lists used for functional analysis in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results There were 664 genes of interest from Data1 and 577 genes from Data2. There were 40 statistically significant methylation probes within 500 base pairs of the gene's transcription start site and 10 probes within 100 base pairs, which are discussed in depth. IPA yielded 21 significant pathways involving metabolism, cellular development, cell death, and diseases. Compared to gold standards for gestational age, we observed relatively low error and standard deviation using newly identified biomarkers. Conclusion We have identified 17 methylated genes that exhibited particular interest and potential in future studies. This study suggests that there are common trends in oxidative stress, cell development, and metabolism that indicate an association between aging processes and the effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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16
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Chaurasia RK, Sapra BK, Aswal DK. Interplay of immune modulation, adaptive response and hormesis: Suggestive of threshold for clinical manifestation of effects of ionizing radiation at low doses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170178. [PMID: 38280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures have been a subject of debate over the last three to four decades. While there has been enough evidence of "no adverse observable" health effects at low doses and low dose rates, the hypothesis of "Linear No Threshold" continues to rule and govern the principles of radiation protection and the formulation of regulations and public policies. In adopting this conservative approach, the role of the biological processes underway in the human body is kept at abeyance. This review consolidates the available studies that discuss all related biological pathways and repair mechanisms that inhibit the progression of deleterious effects at low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It is pertinent that, taking cognizance of these processes, there is a need to have a relook at policies of radiation protection, which as of now are too stringent, leading to undue economic losses and negative public perception about radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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17
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Lee SH, Son Y, Choi KJ, Lee CG, Lee HJ. Distinguish response of low-dose radiation with different dose-rate on gene expression of human coronary artery endothelial cells: a bioinformatic study based on transcriptomic sequencing. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:756-766. [PMID: 38489594 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2324470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE People are exposed to low-dose radiation in medical diagnosis, occupational, or life circumstances, but the effect of low-dose radiation on human health is still controversial. The biological effects of radiation below 100 mGy are still unproven. In this study, we observed the effects of low-dose radiation (100 mGy) on gene expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and its effect on molecular signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCAECs were exposed to 100 mGy ionizing radiation at 6 mGy/h (low-dose-rate) or 288 mGy/h (high-dose-rate). After 72 h, total RNA was extracted from sham or irradiated cells for Quant-Seq 3'mRNA-Seq, and bioinformatic analyses were performed using Metascape. Gene profiling was validated using qPCR. RESULTS Compared to the non-irradiated control group, 100 mGy of ionizing radiation at 6 mGy/h altered the expression of 194 genes involved in signaling pathways related to heart contraction, blood circulation, and cardiac myofibril assembly differentially. However, 100 mGy at 288 mGy/h altered expression of 450 genes involved in cell cycle-related signaling pathways, including cell division, nuclear division, and mitosis differentially. Additionally, gene signatures responding to low-dose radiation, including radiation dose-specific gene profiles (HIST1H2AI, RAVER1, and POTEI) and dose-rate-specific gene profiles (MYL2 for the low-dose-rate and DHRS9 and CA14 for the high-dose-rate) were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that 100 mGy low-dose radiation could alter gene expression and molecular signaling pathways at the low-dose-rate and the high-dose-rate differently. Our findings provide evidence for further research on the potential impact of low-dose radiation on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li J, Liu T, Tang N, Lin S, Zhang F, Yuan W, Zhang T, Deng SH, Wu DM, Xu Y. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A inhibits pyroptosis to enhance human lung adenocarcinoma cell radioresistance by promoting DNA repair. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26975. [PMID: 38468925 PMCID: PMC10926078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the best anticancer treatments available is radiotherapy, which can be used either alone or in conjunction with other forms of treatment including chemotherapy and surgery. Nevertheless, a number of biochemical and physiological processes that react to ionizing radiation might provide tumor cells radioresistance, which makes radiotherapy ineffective. It has been found that CDKN1A regulates DNA damage repair, which contributes to tumor radioresistance. However, the precise mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying CDKN1A-enhanced radioresistance in tumor cells. Methods Cells were irradiated with 4 Gy after CDKN1A overexpression or knockdown. CDKN1A expression was measured using real-time PCR, cell viability was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays, and cytotoxicity was assessed using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Pyroptosis in cells was analyzed using caspase-1 activity assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Inflammation activation was detected through a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Activation of pyroptosis-related proteins was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Tumor radioresistance in vivo was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model. Results Radiotherapy upregulated CDKN1A expression, which promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell survival. CDKN1A influenced radiation-induced pyroptosis in A549, which mainly depended on inhibiting the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by promoting DNA repair. Additionally, CDKN1A upregulation enhanced A549 xenograft tumor radioresistance by inhibiting radiation-induced pyroptosis in vivo. Conclusions CDKN1A inhibits pyroptosis to enhance the radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells by promoting DNA repair. This study may serve as a reference for developing novel targeted therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Sheng Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Ziyang City, Ziyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Shi-hua Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Dong-ming Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
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Gallitto M, Pan PC, Chan MD, Milano MT, Wang TJC. The role of radiotherapy in immunotherapy strategies in the central nervous system. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:S66-S75. [PMID: 38437664 PMCID: PMC10911795 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy and relative tolerability of adverse effects of immune checkpoint immunotherapy have led to its increasingly routine use in the management of multiple advanced solid malignancies. Radiation therapy (RT) is well-known to have both local and distant immunomodulatory effects, which has led to extensive investigation into the synergism of these 2 therapies. While the central nervous system (CNS) has historically been thought to be a sanctuary site, well-protected by the blood-brain barrier from the effects of immunotherapy, over the last several years studies have shown the benefits of these drugs, particularly in metastatic disease involving the CNS. This review explores current progress and the future of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gallitto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter C Pan
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York , USA
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael T Milano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tony J C Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Yang M, Liu H, Lou J, Zhang J, Zuo C, Zhu M, Zhang X, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Qin S, Zhang H, Fan X, Dang Y, Cheng C, Cheng Z, Yu F. Alpha-Emitter Radium-223 Induces STING-Dependent Pyroptosis to Trigger Robust Antitumor Immunity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307448. [PMID: 37845027 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Radium-223 (223 Ra) is the first-in-class alpha-emitter to mediate tumor eradication, which is commonly thought to kill tumor cells by directly cleaving double-strand DNA. However, the immunogenic characteristics and cell death modalities triggered by 223 Ra remain unclear. Here, it is reported that the 223 Ra irradiation induces the pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns including calreticulin, HMGB1, and HSP70, hallmarks of tumor immunogenicity. Moreover, therapeutic 223 Ra retards tumor progression by triggering pyroptosis, an immunogenic cell death. Mechanically, 223 Ra-induced DNA damage leads to the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated DNA sensing pathway, which is critical for NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis and subsequent DCs maturation as well as T cell activation. These findings establish an essential role of STING in mediating alpha-emitter 223 Ra-induced antitumor immunity, which provides the basis for the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies and combinatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Lou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University (Changhai Hospital), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mengqin Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuzhen Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yifang Dang
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University (Changhai Hospital), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
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21
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Osapoetra LO, Dasgupta A, DiCenzo D, Fatima K, Quiaoit K, Saifuddin M, Karam I, Poon I, Husain Z, Tran WT, Sannachi L, Czarnota GJ. Quantitative US Delta Radiomics to Predict Radiation Response in Individuals with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6:e230029. [PMID: 38391311 PMCID: PMC10988345 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of quantitative US (QUS) radiomics data obtained after the 1st week of radiation therapy (RT) in predicting treatment response in individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and Methods This prospective study included 55 participants (21 with complete response [median age, 65 years {IQR: 47-80 years}, 20 male, one female; and 34 with incomplete response [median age, 59 years {IQR: 39-79 years}, 33 male, one female) with bulky node-positive HNSCC treated with curative-intent RT from January 2015 to October 2019. All participants received 70 Gy of radiation in 33-35 fractions over 6-7 weeks. US radiofrequency data from metastatic lymph nodes were acquired prior to and after 1 week of RT. QUS analysis resulted in five spectral maps from which mean values were extracted. We applied a gray-level co-occurrence matrix technique for textural analysis, leading to 20 QUS texture and 80 texture-derivative parameters. The response 3 months after RT was used as the end point. Model building and evaluation utilized nested leave-one-out cross-validation. Results Five delta (Δ) parameters had statistically significant differences (P < .05). The support vector machines classifier achieved a sensitivity of 71% (15 of 21), a specificity of 76% (26 of 34), a balanced accuracy of 74%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77 on the test set. For all the classifiers, the performance improved after the 1st week of treatment. Conclusion A QUS Δ-radiomics model using data obtained after the 1st week of RT from individuals with HNSCC predicted response 3 months after treatment completion with reasonable accuracy. Keywords: Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Ultrasound, Radiation Therapy/Oncology, Head/Neck, Radiomics, Quantitative US, Radiotherapy, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Machine Learning Clinicaltrials.gov registration no. NCT03908684 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel DiCenzo
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kashuf Fatima
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karina Quiaoit
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Murtuza Saifuddin
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irene Karam
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian Poon
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zain Husain
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - William T. Tran
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lakshmanan Sannachi
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Czarnota
- From the Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P.,
Z.H., W.T.T., G.J.C.), Medical Oncology (W.T.T.), and Medicine (W.T.T.),
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N
3M5; Departments of Radiation Oncology (L.O.O., A.D., I.K., I.P., Z.H., W.T.T.,
G.J.C.) and Medical Biophysics (G.J.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
and Departments of Physical Sciences (L.O.O., A.D., D.D., K.F., K.Q., M.S.,
L.S., G.J.C.) and Evaluative Clinical Sciences (W.T.T.), Sunnybrook Research
Institute, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Pouw JEE, Hashemi SMS, Huisman MC, Wijngaarden JE, Slebe M, Oprea-Lager DE, Zwezerijnen GJC, Vugts D, Ulas EB, de Gruijl TD, Radonic T, Senan S, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Bahce I. First exploration of the on-treatment changes in tumor and organ uptake of a radiolabeled anti PD-L1 antibody during chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer using whole body PET. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007659. [PMID: 38302416 PMCID: PMC10836378 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), durvalumab, an anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody, has shown improved overall survival when used as consolidation therapy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, it is unclear whether CRT itself upregulates PD-L1 expression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes in the uptake of the anti PD-L1 antibody [89Zr]Zr-durvalumab in tumors and healthy organs during CRT in patients with NSCLC. METHODS Patients with NSCLC scheduled to undergo CRT were scanned 7±1 days after administration of 37±1 MBq [89Zr]Zr-durvalumab at baseline, 1-week on-treatment and 1 week after finishing 6 weeks of CRT. First, [89Zr]Zr-durvalumab uptake was visually assessed in a low dose cohort with a mass dose of 2 mg durvalumab (0.13% of therapeutic dose) and subsequently, quantification was done in a high dose cohort with a mass dose of 22.5 mg durvalumab (1.5% of therapeutic dose). Tracer pharmacokinetics between injections were compared using venous blood samples drawn in the 22.5 mg cohort. Visual assessment included suspected lesion detectability. Positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in tumoral and healthy tissues was quantified using tumor to plasma ratio (TPR) and organ to plasma ratio, respectively. RESULTS In the 2 mg dose cohort, 88% of the 17 identified tumor lesions were positive at baseline, compared with 69% (9/13) for the 22.5 mg cohort. Although the absolute plasma concentrations between patients varied, the intrapatient variability was low. The ten quantitatively assessed lesions in the 22.5 mg cohort had a median TPR at baseline of 1.3 (IQR 0.7-1.5), on-treatment of 1.0 (IQR 0.7-1.4) and at the end of treatment of 0.7 (IQR 0.6-0.7). On-treatment, an increased uptake in bone marrow was seen in three out of five patients together with a decreased uptake in the spleen in four out of five patients. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully imaged patients with NSCLC with [89Zr]Zr-durvalumab PET before and during CRT. Our data did not show any increase in [89Zr]Zr-durvalumab uptake in the tumor 1-week on-treatment and at the end of treatment. The changes observed in bone marrow and spleen may be due to an CRT-induced effect on immune cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT number: 2019-004284-51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E E Pouw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sayed M S Hashemi
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica E Wijngaarden
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Slebe
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Vugts
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ezgi B Ulas
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suresh Senan
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Idris Bahce
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Sioen S, D'Hondt L, Van Houte F, Demuynck R, Bacher K, De Wagter C, Vral A, Vanderstraeten B, Krysko DV, Baeyens A. Peripheral blood lymphocytes differ in DNA damage response after exposure to X-rays with different physical properties. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:236-247. [PMID: 37819795 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2261525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In radiology, low X-ray energies (<140 keV) are used to obtain an optimal image while in radiotherapy, higher X-ray energies (MeV) are used to eradicate tumor tissue. In radiation research, both these X-ray energies being used to extrapolate in vitro research to clinical practice. However, the energy deposition of X-rays depends on their energy spectrum, which might lead to changes in biological response. Therefore, this study compared the DNA damage response (DDR) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) exposed to X-rays with varying beam quality, mean photon energy (MPE) and dose rate.Methods: The DDR was evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by the ɣ-H2AX foci assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and an SYTOX-based cell death assay, combined with specific cell death inhibitors. Cell cultures were irradiated with a 220 kV X-ray research cabinet (SARRP, X-Strahl) or a 6 MV X-ray linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy). Three main physical parameters were investigated: beam quality (V), MPE (eV) and dose rate (Gy/min). Additional copper (Cu) filtration caused variation in the MPE (78 keV, 94 keV, 118 keV) at SARRP; dose rates were varied by adjusting tube current for 220 kV X-rays (0.33-3 Gy/min) or water-phantom depth in the 6 MV set-up (3-6 Gy/min).Results: The induction of chromosomal damage and initial (30 min) DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) were significantly higher for 220 kV X-rays compared to 6 MV X-rays, while cell death induction was similar. Specific cell death inhibitors for apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis were not capable of blocking cell death after irradiation using low or high-energy X-rays. Additional Cu filtration increased the MPE, which significantly decreased the amount of chromosomal damage and DSBs. Within the tested ranges no specific effects of dose rate variation were observed.Conclusion: The DDR in PBLs is influenced by the beam quality and MPE. This study reinforces the need for consideration and inclusion of all physical parameters in radiation-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sioen
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise D'Hondt
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien Van Houte
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaus Bacher
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent, Belgium
| | - Carlos De Wagter
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Vanderstraeten
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Alvandi M, Shaghaghi Z, Farzipour S, Marzhoseyni Z. Radioprotective Potency of Nanoceria. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:138-147. [PMID: 37990425 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710267281231104170435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer presents a significant medical challenge that requires effective management. Current cancer treatment options, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have limitations in terms of their efficacy and the potential harm they can cause to normal tissues. In response, researchers have been focusing on developing adjuvants that can enhance tumor responses while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Among the promising options, nanoceria (NC), a type of nanoparticle composed of cerium oxide, has garnered attention for its potential to improve various cancer treatment regimens. Nanoceria has demonstrated its ability to exhibit toxicity towards cancer cells, inhibit invasion, and sensitize cancer cells to both radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The remarkable aspect is that nanoceria show minimal toxicity to normal tissues while protecting against various forms of reactive oxygen species generation. Its capability to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy has also been observed. This paper thoroughly reviews the current literature on nanoceria's applications within different cancer treatment modalities, with a specific focus on radiotherapy. The emphasis is on nanoceria's unique role in enhancing tumor radiosensitization and safeguarding normal tissues from radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Science, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Zefrei FJ, Shormij M, Dastranj L, Alvandi M, Shaghaghi Z, Farzipour S, Zarei-Polgardani N. Ferroptosis Inducers as Promising Radiosensitizer Agents in Cancer Radiotherapy. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:14-29. [PMID: 37974441 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710262369231110065230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) failure has historically been mostly attributed to radioresistance. Ferroptosis is a type of controlled cell death that depends on iron and is caused by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidative damage. Utilizing a ferroptosis inducer may be a successful tactic for preventing tumor growth and radiotherapy-induced cell death. A regulated form of cell death known as ferroptosis is caused by the peroxidation of phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in an iron-dependent manner (PUFA-PLs). The ferroptosis pathway has a number of important regulators. By regulating the formation of PUFA-PLs, the important lipid metabolism enzyme ACSL4 promotes ferroptosis, whereas SLC7A11 and (glutathione peroxidase 4) GPX4 prevent ferroptosis. In addition to introducing the ferroptosis inducer chemicals that have recently been demonstrated to have a radiosensitizer effect, this review highlights the function and methods by which ferroptosis contributes to RT-induced cell death and tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh-Jalali Zefrei
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammd Shormij
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences-Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dastranj
- Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nasim Zarei-Polgardani
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Yang F, Gong H, Chen S, Li J, Huang N, Wang M. Depletion of SLC7A11 Sensitizes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:323-331. [PMID: 38779733 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665308572240513113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the primary treatment choice for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). However, its efficacy is compromised due to radioresistance. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent regulated cell death induced by Ionizing Radiation (IR), plays a role in promoting cancer cell death. Yet, the relationship between enhanced ferroptosis and increased sensitivity of NPC cells to IR remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the association between IR and ferroptosis in NPC, as well as the role of the ferroptosis repressor SLC7A11 in IR-treated NPC cells. METHODS CNE1 and HNE-2 NPC cells were subjected to IR treatment. We performed qPCR and western blotting to evaluate the expression of ferroptosis-related genes in both control and IR-treated NPC cells. Additionally, we used the MTT assay to measure the viability of these NPC cells. JC-1 and DCFH-DA staining were employed to assess mitochondrial membrane potential and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in both control and IR-treated NPC cells. Furthermore, we examined the levels of Fe2+, Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced Glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in these cells. Moreover, we depleted SLC7A11 in IR-treated NPC cells to investigate its impact on the ferroptosis of these cells. RESULTS IR upregulated the expression of ferroptosis-related genes, including SLC7A11, ACSL4, COX2, FTH1, and GPX4, in CNE1 and HNE-2 cells. IR treatment also resulted in decreased cell viability, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS levels, altered glutathione levels, and elevated Fe2+ levels. Knockdown of SLC7A11 enhanced the sensitivity of NPC cells to IR. CONCLUSION IR may induce ferroptosis in NPC cells, and stimulating ferroptosis could potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of IR in treating NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Hongxun Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Maoxin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Mohammadgholi M, Hosseinimehr SJ. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Healthy and Cancerous Cells. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2751-2769. [PMID: 37026495 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230407104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a unique modality in cancer treatment with no replacement in many cases and uses a tumoricidal dose of various ionizing radiation (IR) types to kill cancer cells. It causes oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or the destruction of antioxidant systems. On the other hand, RT stimulates the immune system both directly and indirectly by releasing danger signals from stress-exposed and dying cells. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two reciprocal and closely related mechanisms, one induced and involved by the other. ROS regulates the intracellular signal transduction pathways, which participate in the activation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Reciprocally, inflammatory cells release ROS and immune system mediators during the inflammation process, which drive the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress or inflammation-induced damages can result in cell death (CD) or survival mechanisms that may be destructive for normal cells or beneficial for cancerous cells. The present study has focused on the radioprotection of those agents with binary effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms IR-induced CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadgholi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Wang J, Ma J, Tai Z, Li L, Zhang T, Cheng T, Yu J, Zhu Q, Bao L, Chen Z. Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7149-7172. [PMID: 38059000 PMCID: PMC10697015 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system's maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors. Nanotechnology-enabled ICD has emerged as a compelling therapeutic strategy for augmenting cancer immunotherapy. Nanoparticles possess versatile attributes, such as prolonged blood circulation, stability, and tumor-targeting capabilities, rendering them ideal for drug delivery. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying ICD induction and associated therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we provide a concise overview of the immune stress response associated with ICD and explore the potential synergistic benefits of combining ICD induction methods with the utilization of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisha Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
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Sun LWH, Asana Marican HT, Beh LK, Shen H. Imaging the radioprotective effect of amifostine in the developing brain using an apoptosis-reporting transgenic zebrafish. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:433-444. [PMID: 37922446 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2280011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Normal tissue radioprotectants alleviate radiation-induced damages and preserve critical organ functions. Investigating their efficacy in vivo remains challenging, especially in enclosed organs like the brain. An animal model that enables direct visualization of radiation-induced apoptosis while possessing the structural complexity of a vertebrate brain facilitates these studies in a precise and effective manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a secA5 transgenic zebrafish expressing secreted Annexin V fused with a yellow fluorescent protein to visualize radiation-induced apoptosis in vivo. We developed a semi-automated imaging method for standardized acquisition of apoptosis signals in batches of zebrafish larvae. Using these approaches, we studied the protective effect of amifostine (WR-2721) in the irradiated zebrafish larval brain. RESULTS Upon 2 Gy total-body 137Cs irradiation, increased apoptosis could be visualized at high resolution in the secA5 brain at 2, 24, and 48 hour post irradiation (hpi). Amifostine treatment (4 mM) during irradiation reduced apoptosis significantly at 24 hpi and preserved Wnt active cells in the larval brain. When the 2 Gy irradiation was delivered in combination with cisplatin treatment (0.1 mM), the radioprotective effect of amifostine was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the radioprotective effect of amifostine in the developing zebrafish larval brain, and highlights the utility of secA5 transgenic zebrafish as a novel system for investigating normal tissue radioprotectants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W H Sun
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lih Khiang Beh
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Kersting D, Mavroeidi IA, Settelmeier S, Seifert R, Schuler M, Herrmann K, Rassaf T, Rischpler C. Molecular Imaging Biomarkers in Cardiooncology: A View on Established Technologies and Future Perspectives. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:29S-38S. [PMID: 37918843 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic options have significantly improved survival and long-term outcomes in many cancer entities. Unfortunately, this improvement in outcome is often accompanied by new and increasingly relevant therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. In this context, cardiooncology has emerged as a new field of interdisciplinary individual patient care. Important tasks are pretherapeutic risk stratification and early detection and treatment of cardiotoxicity, which comprises cardiac damage in relation to cardiovascular comorbidities, the tumor disease, and cancer treatment. Clinical manifestations can cover a broad spectrum, ranging from subtle and usually asymptomatic abnormalities to serious acute or chronic complications. Typical manifestations include acute and chronic heart failure, myo- and pericarditis, arrythmias, ischemia, and endothelial damage. They can be related to almost all current cancer treatments, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, and radiotherapy. Molecular imaging biomarkers can aid in pretherapeutic cardiooncologic assessment for primary prevention and personalized surveillance, detection, and differential diagnosis of cardiotoxic complications. Potential advantages over conventional diagnostics are the higher detection sensitivity for subtle changes in cardiac homeostasis, higher reproducibility, and better observer independence. Hybrid imaging with highly sensitive PET/MRI may be particularly suited for early diagnosis. Important technologies that are encouraged in current multidisciplinary guidelines are equilibrium radionuclide angiography for evaluation of ventricular function and chamber morphology, as well as myocardial perfusion imaging for additional detection of ischemia. Novel modalities that may detect even earlier signs of cardiotoxicity comprise 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine SPECT to visualize sympathetic innervation, 18F-FDG and somatostatin receptor (68Ga-DOTATOC/DOTATATE) PET to indicate a metabolic shift and inflammation, and 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET to monitor cardiac remodeling. In addition, PET imaging of mitochondrial function has recently been introduced in preclinical models and will potentially broaden the field of application through higher sensitivity and specificity and by enabling higher individualization of diagnostic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kersting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ilektra-Antonia Mavroeidi
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Stephan Settelmeier
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Seifert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Beddok A, Lim R, Thariat J, Shih HA, El Fakhri G. A Comprehensive Primer on Radiation Oncology for Non-Radiation Oncologists. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4906. [PMID: 37894273 PMCID: PMC10605284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidisciplinary management is crucial in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multidisciplinary teams include specialists in surgery, medical therapies, and radiation therapy (RT), each playing unique roles in oncology care. One significant aspect is RT, guided by radiation oncologists (ROs). This paper serves as a detailed primer for non-oncologists, medical students, or non-clinical investigators, educating them on contemporary RT practices. Methods: This report follows the process of RT planning and execution. Starting from the decision-making in multidisciplinary teams to the completion of RT and subsequent patient follow-up, it aims to offer non-oncologists an understanding of the RO's work in a comprehensive manner. Results: The first step in RT is a planning session that includes obtaining a CT scan of the area to be treated, known as the CT simulation. The patients are imaged in the exact position in which they will receive treatment. The second step, which is the primary source of uncertainty, involves the delineation of treatment targets and organs at risk (OAR). The objective is to ensure precise irradiation of the target volume while sparing the OARs as much as possible. Various radiation modalities, such as external beam therapy with electrons, photons, or particles (including protons and carbon ions), as well as brachytherapy, are utilized. Within these modalities, several techniques, such as three-dimensional conformal RT, intensity-modulated RT, volumetric modulated arc therapy, scattering beam proton therapy, and intensity-modulated proton therapy, are employed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. The RT plan development is an iterative process involving medical physicists, dosimetrists, and ROs. The complexity and time required vary, ranging from an hour to a week. Once approved, RT begins, with image-guided RT being standard practice for patient alignment. The RO manages acute toxicities during treatment and prepares a summary upon completion. There is a considerable variance in practices, with some ROs offering lifelong follow-up and managing potential late effects of treatment. Conclusions: Comprehension of RT clinical effects by non-oncologists providers significantly elevates long-term patient care quality. Hence, educating non-oncologists enhances care for RT patients, underlining this report's importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Beddok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, 51100 Reims, France
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruth Lim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Helen A. Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Lin IC, Chang CH, Chong YB, Kuo SH, Cheng YW, Lieu AS, Tseng TT, Lin CJ, Tsai HP, Kwan AL. Role of Nucleobindin-2 in the Clinical Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance of Glioblastoma. Cells 2023; 12:2420. [PMID: 37830634 PMCID: PMC10572158 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor, typically resulting in a median survival period of approximately thirteen to fifteen months after undergoing surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is a protein involved in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. In this study, we assessed the impact of NUCB2 expression on tumor progression and prognosis of GBM. We further evaluated the relationship between NUCB2 expression and the sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in GBM cells. Additionally, we compared the survival of mice intracranially implanted with GBM cells. High NUCB2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. Knockdown of NUCB2 reduced cell viability, migration ability, and invasion ability of GBM cells. Overexpression of NUCB2 resulted in reduced apoptosis following temozolomide treatment and increased levels of DNA damage repair proteins after radiotherapy. Furthermore, mice intracranially implanted with NUCB2 knockdown GBM cells exhibited longer survival compared to the control group. NUCB2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for poor outcomes in patients with GBM. Additionally, NUCB2 not only contributes to tumor progression but also influences the sensitivity of GBM cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting NUCB2 protein expression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Lin
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hui Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.B.C.); (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Yoon Bin Chong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.B.C.); (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Shih-Hsun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Gradate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.B.C.); (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.B.C.); (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.B.C.); (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.B.C.); (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Hodson D, Mistry H, Yates J, Farrington P, Staniszewska A, Guzzetti S, Davies M, Aarons L, Ogungbenro K. Radiation in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade and DNA Damage Response Inhibitors in Mice: Dosage Optimization in MC38 Syngeneic Tumors via Modelling and Simulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:44-54. [PMID: 37348964 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials assessing the impact of radiotherapy (RT) in combination with DNA damage response pathway inhibitors (DDRis) and/or immune checkpoint blockade are currently ongoing. However, current methods for optimizing dosage and schedule are limited. A mathematical model was developed to capture the impacts of RT in combination with DDRi and/or anti-PD-L1 [immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)] on tumor immune interactions in the MC38 syngeneic tumor model. The model was fitted to datasets that assessed the impact of RT in combination with the DNA protein kinase inhibitor (DNAPKi) AZD7648. The model was further fitted to datasets from studies that were used to assess both RT/ICI combinations as well as RT/ICI combinations followed by concurrent administration of the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was performed followed by internal validation with visual predictive checks (VPC). Simulations of alternative dosage regimens and scheduling were performed to identify optimal candidate dosage regimens of RT/DNAPKi and RT/PARPi/ICI. Model fits and VPCs confirmed a successful internal validation for both datasets and demonstrated very small differences in the median, lower, and upper percentile values of tumor diameters between RT/ICI and RT/PARPi/ICI, which indicated that the triple combination of RT/PARPi/ICI at the given dosage and schedule does not provide additional benefit compared with ICI in combination with RT. Simulation of alternative dosage regimens indicated that lowering the dosage of ICI to between 2 and 4 mg/kg could induce similar benefits to the full dosage regimen, which could be of translational benefit. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work provides a mixed-effects model framework to quantify the effects of combination radiotherapy/DNA damage response pathway inhibitors/immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical tumor models and identify optimal dosage regimens, which could be of translational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hodson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - James Yates
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Paul Farrington
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Anna Staniszewska
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Sofia Guzzetti
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Michael Davies
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Leon Aarons
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
| | - Kayode Ogungbenro
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.H., H.M., L.A., K.O.); DMPK (S.G., J.Y.) and Biosciences (P.F., A.S.), Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Research and Early Development, Neuroscience R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.D.)
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An Y, Gu W, Miao M, Miao J, Zhou H, Zhao M, Jiang Y, Li Q, Miao Q. A Self-Assembled Organic Probe with Activatable Near-Infrared Fluoro-Photoacoustic Signals for In Vivo Evaluation of the Radiotherapy Effect. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13984-13991. [PMID: 37672619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Early evaluation and prediction of the radiotherapy effect against tumors are crucial for effective radiotherapy management. The clinical approach generally relies on anatomical changes in tumor size, which is unable to promptly reflect clinical outcomes and guide a timely adjustment of therapy regimens. To resolve it, we herein develop a self-assembled organic probe (dCyFFs) with caspase-3 (Casp-3)-activatable near-infrared (NIR) fluoro-photoacoustic signals for early evaluation and prediction of radiotherapy efficacy. The probe contains an NIR dye that is caged with a Casp-3-cleavable substrate and linked to a self-assembly initiating moiety. In the presence of Casp-3, the self-assembled probe can undergo secondary assembly into larger nanoparticles and simultaneously activate NIR fluoro-photoacoustic signals. Such a design endows a superior real-time longitudinal imaging capability of Casp-3 generated by radiotherapy as it facilitates the passive accumulation of the probe into tumors, activated signal output with enhanced optical stability, and retention capacity relative to a nonassembling small molecular control probe (dCy). As a result, the probe enables precise prediction of the radiotherapy effect as early as 3 h posttherapy, which is further evidenced by the changes in tumor size after radiotherapy. Overall, the probe with Casp-3-mediated secondary assembly along with activatable NIR fluoro-photoacoustic signals holds great potential for evaluating and predicting the response of radiotherapy in a timely manner, which can also be explored for utilization in other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Minqian Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Arechaga-Ocampo E. Epigenetics as a determinant of radiation response in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:145-190. [PMID: 38359968 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Treatment is based on depositing focal radiation to the tumor to inhibit cell growth, proliferation and metastasis, and to promote the death of cancer cells. In addition, radiation also affects non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironmental (TME). Radiation resistance of the tumor cells is the most common cause of treatment failure, allowing survival of cancer cell and subsequent tumor growing. Molecular radioresistance comprises genetic and epigenetic characteristics inherent in cancer cells, or characteristics acquired after exposure to radiation. Furthermore, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-tumor cells into the TME as stromal and immune cells have a role in promoting and maintaining radioresistant tumor phenotypes. Different regulatory molecules and pathways distinctive of radiation resistance include DNA repair, survival signaling and cell death pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms are one of the most relevant events that occur after radiotherapy to regulate the expression and function of key genes and proteins in the differential radiation-response. This article reviews recent data on the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the biological response to radiotherapy in cancer; highlighting the epigenetic control exerted by DNA methylation, histone marks, chromatin remodeling and m6A RNA methylation on gene expression and activation of signaling pathways related to radiation therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arechaga-Ocampo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Azad AK, Lilge L, Usmani NH, Lewis JD, Cole HD, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, Dinakaran D, Moore RB. High quantum efficiency ruthenium coordination complex photosensitizer for improved radiation-activated Photodynamic Therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244709. [PMID: 37700826 PMCID: PMC10494715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional external light-based Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)'s application is limited to the surface and minimal thickness tumors because of the inefficiency of light in penetrating deep-seated tumors. To address this, the emerging field of radiation-activated PDT (radioPDT) uses X-rays to trigger photosensitizer-containing nanoparticles (NPs). A key consideration in radioPDT is the energy transfer efficiency from X-rays to the photosensitizer for ultimately generating the phototoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we developed a new variant of pegylated poly-lactic-co-glycolic (PEG-PLGA) encapsulated nanoscintillators (NSCs) along with a new, highly efficient ruthenium-based photosensitizer (Ru/radioPDT). Characterization of this NP via transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy showed an NP size of 120 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.25, high NSCs loading efficiency over 90% and in vitro accumulation within the cytosolic structure of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome. The therapeutic efficacy of Ru/radioPDT was determined using PC3 cell viability and clonogenic assays. Ru/radioPDT exhibited minimal cell toxicity until activated by radiation to induce significant cancer cell kill over radiation alone. Compared to protoporphyrin IX-mediated radioPDT (PPIX/radioPDT), Ru/radioPDT showed higher capacity for singlet oxygen generation, maintaining a comparable cytotoxic effect on PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nawaid H. Usmani
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John D. Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Houston D. Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Colin G. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Dinakaran
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronald B. Moore
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Krauze AV, Sierk M, Nguyen T, Chen Q, Yan C, Hu Y, Jiang W, Tasci E, Zgela TC, Sproull M, Mackey M, Shankavaram U, Meerzaman D, Camphausen K. Glioblastoma survival is associated with distinct proteomic alteration signatures post chemoirradiation in a large-scale proteomic panel. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1127645. [PMID: 37637066 PMCID: PMC10448824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastomas (GBM) are rapidly progressive, nearly uniformly fatal brain tumors. Proteomic analysis represents an opportunity for noninvasive GBM classification and biological understanding of treatment response. Purpose We analyzed differential proteomic expression pre vs. post completion of concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT) in patient serum samples to explore proteomic alterations and classify GBM by integrating clinical and proteomic parameters. Materials and methods 82 patients with GBM were clinically annotated and serum samples obtained pre- and post-CRT. Serum samples were then screened using the aptamer-based SOMAScan® proteomic assay. Significant traits from uni- and multivariate Cox models for overall survival (OS) were designated independent prognostic factors and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. Differential expression of protein signals was calculated using paired t-tests, with KOBAS used to identify associated KEGG pathways. GSEA pre-ranked analysis was employed on the overall list of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) against the MSigDB Hallmark, GO Biological Process, and Reactome databases with weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and Enrichr used to validate pathway hits internally. Results 3 clinical clusters of patients with differential survival were identified. 389 significantly DEPs pre vs. post-treatment were identified, including 284 upregulated and 105 downregulated, representing several pathways relevant to cancer metabolism and progression. The lowest survival group (median OS 13.2 months) was associated with DEPs affiliated with proliferative pathways and exhibiting distinct oppositional response including with respect to radiation therapy related pathways, as compared to better-performing groups (intermediate, median OS 22.4 months; highest, median OS 28.7 months). Opposite signaling patterns across multiple analyses in several pathways (notably fatty acid metabolism, NOTCH, TNFα via NF-κB, Myc target V1 signaling, UV response, unfolded protein response, peroxisome, and interferon response) were distinct between clinical survival groups and supported by WGCNA. 23 proteins were statistically signficant for OS with 5 (NETO2, CST7, SEMA6D, CBLN4, NPS) supported by KM. Conclusion Distinct proteomic alterations with hallmarks of cancer, including progression, resistance, stemness, and invasion, were identified in serum samples obtained from GBM patients pre vs. post CRT and corresponded with clinical survival. The proteome can potentially be employed for glioma classification and biological interrogation of cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Valentina Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Sierk
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Trinh Nguyen
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ying Hu
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - William Jiang
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erdal Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Theresa Cooley Zgela
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Megan Mackey
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Zavestovskaya IN, Popov AL, Kolmanovich DD, Tikhonowski GV, Pastukhov AI, Savinov MS, Shakhov PV, Babkova JS, Popov AA, Zelepukin IV, Grigoryeva MS, Shemyakov AE, Klimentov SM, Ryabov VA, Prasad PN, Deyev SM, Kabashin AV. Boron Nanoparticle-Enhanced Proton Therapy for Cancer Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2167. [PMID: 37570485 PMCID: PMC10421420 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton therapy is one of the promising radiotherapy modalities for the treatment of deep-seated and unresectable tumors, and its efficiency can further be enhanced by using boron-containing substances. Here, we explore the use of elemental boron (B) nanoparticles (NPs) as sensitizers for proton therapy enhancement. Prepared by methods of pulsed laser ablation in water, the used B NPs had a mean size of 50 nm, while a subsequent functionalization of the NPs by polyethylene glycol improved their colloidal stability in buffers. Laser-synthesized B NPs were efficiently absorbed by MNNG/Hos human osteosarcoma cells and did not demonstrate any remarkable toxicity effects up to concentrations of 100 ppm, as followed from the results of the MTT and clonogenic assay tests. Then, we assessed the efficiency of B NPs as sensitizers of cancer cell death under irradiation by a 160.5 MeV proton beam. The irradiation of MNNG/Hos cells at a dose of 3 Gy in the presence of 80 and 100 ppm of B NPs led to a 2- and 2.7-fold decrease in the number of formed cell colonies compared to control samples irradiated in the absence of NPs. The obtained data unambiguously evidenced the effect of a strong proton therapy enhancement mediated by B NPs. We also found that the proton beam irradiation of B NPs leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which evidences a possible involvement of the non-nuclear mechanism of cancer cell death related to oxidative stress. Offering a series of advantages, including a passive targeting option and the possibility of additional theranostic functionalities based on the intrinsic properties of B NPs (e.g., photothermal therapy or neutron boron capture therapy), the proposed concept promises a major advancement in proton beam-based cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Zavestovskaya
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.P.); (D.D.K.); (M.S.G.); (A.E.S.); (V.A.R.)
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Anton L. Popov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.P.); (D.D.K.); (M.S.G.); (A.E.S.); (V.A.R.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Danil D. Kolmanovich
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.P.); (D.D.K.); (M.S.G.); (A.E.S.); (V.A.R.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Gleb V. Tikhonowski
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
| | | | - Maxim S. Savinov
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Pavel V. Shakhov
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Julia S. Babkova
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anton A. Popov
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Ivan V. Zelepukin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria S. Grigoryeva
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.P.); (D.D.K.); (M.S.G.); (A.E.S.); (V.A.R.)
| | - Alexander E. Shemyakov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.P.); (D.D.K.); (M.S.G.); (A.E.S.); (V.A.R.)
| | - Sergey M. Klimentov
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Vladimir A. Ryabov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.P.); (D.D.K.); (M.S.G.); (A.E.S.); (V.A.R.)
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Bionanophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (M.S.S.); (P.V.S.); (J.S.B.); (A.A.P.); (S.M.K.); (P.N.P.); (S.M.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- “Biomarker” Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Weng YS, Chiang IT, Tsai JJ, Liu YC, Hsu FT. In Reply to Yeh et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 116:696-697. [PMID: 37270255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Shan Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsang Chiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Jen Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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40
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Najjar R. Radiology's Ionising Radiation Paradox: Weighing the Indispensable Against the Detrimental in Medical Imaging. Cureus 2023; 15:e41623. [PMID: 37435015 PMCID: PMC10331516 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation stands as an indispensable protagonist in the narrative of medical imaging, underpinning diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic interventions across an array of medical conditions. However, this protagonist poses a paradox - its inestimable service to medicine coexists with an undercurrent of potential health risks, primarily DNA damage and subsequent oncogenesis. The narrative of this comprehensive review unfurls around this intricate enigma, delicately balancing the indispensable diagnostic utility against the non-negotiable commitment to patient safety. In this critical discourse, the intricacies of ionising radiation are dissected, illuminating not only its sources but also the associated biological and health hazards. The exploration delves into the labyrinth of strategies currently deployed to minimise exposure and safeguard patients. By casting light on the scientific nuances of X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear medicine, it traverses the complex terrain of radiation use in radiology, to promote safer medical imaging practices, and to facilitate an ongoing dialogue about diagnostic necessity and risk. Through a rigorous examination, the pivotal relationship between radiation dose and dose response is elucidated, unravelling the mechanisms of radiation injury and distinguishing between deterministic and stochastic effects. Moreover, protection strategies are illuminated, demystifying concepts such as justification, optimisation, the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle, dose and diagnostic reference levels, along with administrative and regulatory approaches. With an eye on the horizon, promising avenues of future research are discussed. These encompass low-radiation imaging techniques, long-term risk assessment in large patient cohorts, and the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in dose optimisation. This exploration of the nuanced complexities of radiation use in radiology aims to foster a collaborative impetus towards safer medical imaging practices. It underscores the need for an ongoing dialogue around diagnostic necessity and risk, thereby advocating for a continual reassessment in the narrative of medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reabal Najjar
- Medical Imaging, Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Health, Canberra, AUS
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41
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AbdulHussein AH, Al-Taee MM, Radih ZA, Aljuboory DS, Mohammed ZQ, Hashesh TS, Riadi Y, Hadrawi SK, Najafi M. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide. Biofactors 2023; 49:718-735. [PMID: 36876465 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a hot topic issue in cancer research and therapy. Although cancer therapy including radiotherapy and anti-cancer drugs can kill malignant cells within the tumor, cancer cells can develop a wide range of mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of anti-cancer agents. Cancer cells may provide some mechanisms to resist oxidative stress and escape from apoptosis and attack by the immune system. Furthermore, cancer cells may resist senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death by modulating several critical genes. The development of these mechanisms leads to resistance to anti-cancer drugs and also radiotherapy. Resistance to therapy can increase mortality and reduce survival following cancer therapy. Thus, overcoming mechanisms of resistance to cell death in malignant cells can facilitate tumor elimination and increase the efficiency of anti-cancer therapy. Natural-derived molecules are intriguing agents that may be suggested to be used as an adjuvant in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to therapy with at least side effects. This paper aims to review the potential of triptolide for inducing various types of cell death in cancer cells. We review the induction or resistance to different cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagic cell death, senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis following the administration of triptolide. We also review the safety and future perspectives for triptolide and its derivatives in experimental and human studies. The anticancer potential of triptolide and its derivatives may make them effective adjuvants for enhancing tumor suppression in combination with anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salema K Hadrawi
- Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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42
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Hino C, Lee EW, Yang GY. Harnessing the abscopal effect for gastrointestinal malignancies in the era of immunotherapy. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:1613-1625. [PMID: 37435204 PMCID: PMC10331744 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality and have traditionally been treated using a combination of surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy (CRT). While the introduction of immunotherapies over the last decade have dramatically changed the treatment landscape for some GI malignancies, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, treatment resistance remains a major unaddressed obstacle for many patients. There has thus been emerging interest in determining the optimal treatment strategy for the delivery of immunotherapy in combination with traditional therapies. In this regard, a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that combining radiation therapy (RT) with immunotherapy may work synergistically to improve treatment response through amplification of the abscopal effect. In this review, we discuss the rationale for RT in combination with immunotherapy. We further discuss how this knowledge may lead to a paradigm shift in the application of RT and highlight remaining issues pertaining to the delivery of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Edward W. Lee
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary Y. Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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43
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Wei M, Shen X, Fan X, Li J, Bai J. PD-L1 aptamer-functionalized degradable hafnium oxide nanoparticles for near infrared-II diagnostic imaging and radiosensitization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1224339. [PMID: 37351473 PMCID: PMC10282151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1224339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is now recognized as a paradigm-shifting cancer therapeutic strategy, whereas there remains difficulty in accurately predicting immunotherapy efficacy by PD-L1 expression. In addition, radiotherapy for cancer patients faces the problem of insufficient dose of radiotherapy at the tumor site while which have been not tolerated by normal tissues. In this study, we created PD-L1 aptamer-anchored spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with a shell made of PD-L1 aptamer and indocyanine green (ICG) embedded in a mesoporous hafnium oxide nanoparticle core (Hf@ICG-Apt). Upon low pH irradiation in the tumor sites, the nano-system enabled the release of ICG in the high PD-L1 expression tumor to develop a high tumor-to-background ratio of 7.97 ± 0.76 and enhanced the ICG tumor retention to more than 48 h. Moreover, Hf@ICG-Apt improved radiation therapy (RT) when combined with radiation. Notably, Hf@ICG-Apt showed scarcely any systemic toxicity in vivo. Overall, this research offered a novel approach for applying reliable monitoring of PD-L1 expression and localization and robust RT sensitization against cancer with good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqi Fan
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Bai
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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44
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Adeola AO, Iwuozor KO, Akpomie KG, Adegoke KA, Oyedotun KO, Ighalo JO, Amaku JF, Olisah C, Conradie J. Advances in the management of radioactive wastes and radionuclide contamination in environmental compartments: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2663-2689. [PMID: 36097208 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several anthropogenic activities produce radioactive materials into the environment. According to reports, exposure to high concentrations of radioactive elements such as potassium (40K), uranium (238U and 235U), and thorium (232Th) poses serious health concerns. The scarcity of reviews addressing the occurrence/sources, distribution, and remedial solutions of radioactive contamination in the ecosystems has fueled data collection for this bibliometric survey. In rivers and potable water, reports show that several parts of Europe and Asia have recorded radionuclide concentrations much higher than the permissible level of 1 Bq/L. According to various investigations, activity concentrations of gamma-emitting radioactive elements discovered in soils are higher than the global average crustal values, especially around mining activities. Adsorption technique is the most prevalent remedial method for decontaminating radiochemically polluted sites. However, there is a need to investigate integrated approaches/combination techniques. Although complete radionuclide decontamination utilizing the various technologies is feasible, future research should focus on cost-effectiveness, waste minimization, sustainability, and rapid radionuclide decontamination. Radioactive materials can be harnessed as fuel for nuclear power generation to meet worldwide energy demand. However, proper infrastructure must be put in place to prevent catastrophic disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adeola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - K O Iwuozor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - K G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - K A Adegoke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - K O Oyedotun
- Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARChI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - J O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - J F Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - C Olisah
- Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - J Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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45
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Patel R, Aslam A, Parikh ND, Mervak B, Mubarak E, Higgins L, Lala K, Conner JF, Khaykin V, Bashir M, Do RKG, Burke LMB, Smith EN, Kim CY, Shampain KL, Owen D, Mendiratta-Lala M. Updates on LI-RADS Treatment Response Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focusing on MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1641-1654. [PMID: 36872608 PMCID: PMC11078141 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and subsequent treatments with liver-directed therapies rise, the complexity of assessing lesion response has also increased. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (LI-RADS) treatment response algorithm (LI-RADS TRA) was created to standardize the assessment of response after locoregional therapy (LRT) on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. Originally created based on expert opinion, these guidelines are currently undergoing revision based on emerging evidence. While many studies support the use of LR-TRA for evaluation of HCC response after thermal ablation and intra-arterial embolic therapy, data suggest a need for refinements to improve assessment after radiation therapy. In this manuscript, we review expected MR imaging findings after different forms of LRT, clarify how to apply the current LI-RADS TRA by type of LRT, explore emerging literature on LI-RADS TRA, and highlight future updates to the algorithm. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Patel
- Department of Radiology, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anum Aslam
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Mervak
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eman Mubarak
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lily Higgins
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kayli Lala
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack F Conner
- Department of Radiology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Valerie Khaykin
- Department of Radiology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medicine, Michigan, USA
| | - Mustafa Bashir
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard Kinh Gian Do
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lauren M B Burke
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elainea N Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charles Y Kim
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly L Shampain
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dawn Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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46
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Yim K, Leeman JE. Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Localized and Advanced Renal Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2023; 50:325-334. [PMID: 36948675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has historically been considered resistant to radiotherapy. However, advances in the field of radiation oncology have led to safe delivery of higher radiation doses through the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) that have shown significant activity against RCC. SBRT has now been shown to be a highly effective modality for management of localized RCC for nonsurgical candidates. Increasing evidence also points to a role for SBRT in the management of oligometastatic RCC as a means for not only providing palliation but prolonging time to progression and potentially improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Yim
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan E Leeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute/ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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47
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Hänggi K, Ruffell B. Cell death, therapeutics, and the immune response in cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:381-396. [PMID: 36841748 PMCID: PMC10121860 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Induction of cell death is inexorably linked with cancer therapy, but this can also initiate wound-healing processes that have been linked to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Here we describe the contribution of apoptosis and the lytic cell death pathways in the response to therapy (including chemotherapy and immunotherapy). We also discuss how necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis function to promote tumor immunogenicity, along with emerging findings that these same forms of death can paradoxically contribute to immune suppression and tumor progression. Understanding the duality of cell death in cancer may allow for the development of therapeutics that shift the balance towards regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Hänggi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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48
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Hannon G, Lesch ML, Gerber SA. Harnessing the Immunological Effects of Radiation to Improve Immunotherapies in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7359. [PMID: 37108522 PMCID: PMC10138513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used to treat 50% of cancers. While the cytotoxic effects related to DNA damage with IR have been known since the early 20th century, the role of the immune system in the treatment response is still yet to be fully determined. IR can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which activates innate and adaptive immunity against the cancer. It has also been widely reported that an intact immune system is essential to IR efficacy. However, this response is typically transient, and wound healing processes also become upregulated, dampening early immunological efforts to overcome the disease. This immune suppression involves many complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that ultimately result in the generation of radioresistance in many cases. Understanding the mechanisms behind these responses is challenging as the effects are extensive and often occur simultaneously within the tumor. Here, we describe the effects of IR on the immune landscape of tumors. ICD, along with myeloid and lymphoid responses to IR, are discussed, with the hope of shedding light on the complex immune stimulatory and immunosuppressive responses involved with this cornerstone cancer treatment. Leveraging these immunological effects can provide a platform for improving immunotherapy efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.H.); (M.L.L.)
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maggie L. Lesch
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.H.); (M.L.L.)
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.H.); (M.L.L.)
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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49
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Mejía-Chuquispuma NJ, Flores-Jiménez KV, Castro-Auqui AC, Mattos-Vela MA. Manejo odontológico de las manifestaciones orales inducidas por radioterapia de cabeza y cuello. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
La radioterapia es una de las primeras opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello; sin embargo, puede ocasionar diversas manifestaciones secundarias en la cavidad oral tales como mucositis oral, xerostomía, infecciones orales oportunistas, osteorradionecrosis y trismo. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir el manejo preventivo y terapéutico de las complicaciones orales inducidas por radioterapia de cabeza y cuello en la práctica odontológica propuestos hasta la actualidad. Se encontraron diversas medidas que han logrado reducir la incidencia y gravedad de dichas manifestaciones orales; sin embargo, aún existen algunas que requieren de más estudios para confirmar su efectividad.
Palabras clave: cáncer de cabeza y cuello; manifestaciones bucales; radioterapia; terapéutica.
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50
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Sun LWH, Asana Marican HT, Shen H. In Vivo Imaging of Radiation-Induced Apoptosis at Single-Cell Resolution in Transgenic Zebrafish Embryos. Radiat Res 2023; 199:229-239. [PMID: 36745564 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00174.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of cell death induced by ionizing radiation, apoptosis is a highly regulated and well-characterized form. Investigating radiation-induced apoptosis in an intact organism offers advantages in capturing the dynamics of apoptosis under preserved physiology, although high resolution imaging remains challenging. Owing to their optical transparency and genetic amenability, zebrafish is an ideal animal model for research into this aspect. In this study, we present a secA5 transgenic zebrafish expressing genetically encoded secreted ANNEXIN V fused with mVenus, a yellow fluorescent protein that enables reporting of radiation-induced apoptosis. Using in vivo imaging approach, we show that after 2 Gy total-body irradiation, apoptosis could be visualized at single-cell resolution in different cell types throughout the embryo. Elevated apoptosis could be imaged and quantified in the neuroepithelium of the embryonic brain, as well as the proliferative zone and parenchyma of the larval brain. In addition, clearance of apoptotic cells by microglia, the professional phagocytes residing in the brain, could be imaged at single-cell resolution in irradiated larvae. These results establish transgenic secA5 zebrafish as a useful and versatile in vivo system for investigating the dynamic process of radiation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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