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Galli A, Moretti S, Dule N, Di Cairano ES, Castagna M, Marciani P, Battaglia C, Bertuzzi F, Fiorina P, Pastore I, La Rosa S, Davalli A, Folli F, Perego C. Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E27-E41. [PMID: 38690938 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00069.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine cells employ a sophisticated system of paracrine and autocrine signals to synchronize their activities, including glutamate, which controls hormone release and β-cell viability by acting on glutamate receptors expressed by endocrine cells. We here investigate whether alteration of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), the major glutamate clearance system in the islet, may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus and contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Increased EAAT2 intracellular localization was evident in islets of Langerhans from T2DM subjects as compared with healthy control subjects, despite similar expression levels. Chronic treatment of islets from healthy donors with high-glucose concentrations led to the transporter internalization in vesicular compartments and reduced [H3]-d-glutamate uptake (65 ± 5% inhibition), phenocopying the findings in T2DM pancreatic sections. The transporter relocalization was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation protein levels, suggesting an involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in the process. In line with this, PI3K inhibition by a 100-µM LY294002 treatment in human and clonal β-cells caused the transporter relocalization in intracellular compartments and significantly reduced the glutamate uptake compared to control conditions, suggesting that hyperglycemia changes the trafficking of the transporter to the plasma membrane. Upregulation of the glutamate transporter upon treatment with the antibiotic ceftriaxone rescued hyperglycemia-induced β-cells dysfunction and death. Our data underscore the significance of EAAT2 in regulating islet physiology and provide a rationale for potential therapeutic targeting of this transporter to preserve β-cell survival and function in diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The glutamate transporter SLC1A2/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is expressed on the plasma membrane of pancreatic β-cells and controls islet glutamate clearance and β-cells survival. We found that the EAAT2 membrane expression is lost in the islets of Langerhans from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients due to hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway and modification of its intracellular trafficking. Pharmacological rescue of EAAT2 expression prevents β-cell dysfunction and death, suggesting EAAT2 as a new potential target of intervention in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Galli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Moretti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nevia Dule
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Sara Di Cairano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Castagna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marciani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco,"Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Endocrinology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Oncology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Davalli
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Perego
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Pruchniewski M, Sawosz E, Sosnowska-Ławnicka M, Ostrowska A, Łojkowski M, Koczoń P, Nakielski P, Kutwin M, Jaworski S, Strojny-Cieślak B. Nanostructured graphene oxide enriched with metallic nanoparticles as a biointerface to enhance cell adhesion through mechanosensory modifications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18639-18659. [PMID: 37975795 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructuring is a process involving surface manipulation at the nanometric level, which improves the mechanical and biological properties of biomaterials. Specifically, it affects the mechanotransductive perception of the microenvironment of cells. Mechanical force conversion into an electrical or chemical signal contributes to the induction of a specific cellular response. The relationship between the cells and growth surface induces a biointerface-modifying cytophysiology and consequently a therapeutic effect. In this study, we present the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)-based nanofilms decorated with metallic nanoparticles (NPs) as potential coatings for biomaterials. Our investigation showed the effect of decorating GO with metallic NPs for the modification of the physicochemical properties of nanostructures in the form of nanoflakes and nanofilms. A comprehensive biocompatibility screening panel revealed no disturbance in the metabolic activity of human fibroblasts (HFFF2) and bone marrow stroma cells (HS-5) cultivated on the GO nanofilms decorated with gold and copper NPs, whereas a significant cytotoxic effect of the GO nanocomplex decorated with silver NPs was demonstrated. The GO nanofilm decorated with gold NPs beneficially managed early cell adhesion as a result of the transient upregulation of α1β5 integrin expression, acceleration of cellspreading, and formation of elongated filopodia. Additionally, the cells, sensing the substrate derived from the nanocomplex enriched with gold NPs, showed reduced elasticity and altered levels of vimentin expression. In the future, GO nanocomplexes decorated with gold NPs can be incorporated in the structure of architecturally designed biomimetic biomaterials as biocompatible nanostructuring agents with proadhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pruchniewski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Malwina Sosnowska-Ławnicka
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Łojkowski
- Faculty of Material Sciences and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny-Cieślak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Bisaccia M, Binda E, Rosini E, Caruso G, Dell'Acqua O, Azzaro M, Laganà P, Tedeschi G, Maffioli EM, Pollegioni L, Marinelli F. A novel promising laccase from the psychrotolerant and halotolerant Antarctic marine Halomonas sp. M68 strain. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1078382. [PMID: 36846806 PMCID: PMC9950745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1078382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the Antarctic Ocean show psychrophilic and halophilic adaptations conferring interesting properties to the enzymes they produce, which could be exploited in biotechnology and bioremediation processes. Use of cold- and salt-tolerant enzymes allows to limit costs, reduce contaminations, and minimize pretreatment steps. Here, we report on the screening of 186 morphologically diverse microorganisms isolated from marine biofilms and water samples collected in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) for the identification of new laccase activities. After primary screening, 13.4 and 10.8% of the isolates were identified for the ability to oxidize 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the dye azure B, respectively. Amongst them, the marine Halomonas sp. strain M68 showed the highest activity. Production of its laccase-like activity increased six-fold when copper was added to culture medium. Enzymatic activity-guided separation coupled with mass spectrometry identified this intracellular laccase-like protein (named Ant laccase) as belonging to the copper resistance system multicopper oxidase family. Ant laccase oxidized ABTS and 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, working better at acidic pHs The enzyme showed a good thermostability, with optimal temperature in the 40-50°C range and maintaining more than 40% of its maximal activity even at 10°C. Furthermore, Ant laccase was salt- and organic solvent-tolerant, paving the way for its use in harsh conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the characterization of a thermo- and halo-tolerant laccase isolated from a marine Antarctic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bisaccia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy,*Correspondence: Melissa Bisaccia,
| | - Elisa Binda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Ombretta Dell'Acqua
- Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), National Research Council, Venice, Italy
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Cimaina, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa M. Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Cimaina, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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4
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Cholesterol Redistribution in Pancreatic β-Cells: A Flexible Path to Regulate Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020224. [PMID: 36830593 PMCID: PMC9953638 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells, by secreting insulin, play a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction is the basis of diabetes development. The metabolic milieu created by high blood glucose and lipids is known to play a role in this process. In the last decades, cholesterol has attracted significant attention, not only because it critically controls β-cell function but also because it is the target of lipid-lowering therapies proposed for preventing the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Despite the remarkable progress, understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cholesterol-mediated β-cell function remains an open and attractive area of investigation. Studies indicate that β-cells not only regulate the total cholesterol level but also its redistribution within organelles, a process mediated by vesicular and non-vesicular transport. The aim of this review is to summarize the most current view of how cholesterol homeostasis is maintained in pancreatic β-cells and to provide new insights on the mechanisms by which cholesterol is dynamically distributed among organelles to preserve their functionality. While cholesterol may affect virtually any activity of the β-cell, the intent of this review is to focus on early steps of insulin synthesis and secretion, an area still largely unexplored.
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5
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Chighizola M, Dini T, Marcotti S, D'Urso M, Piazzoni C, Borghi F, Previdi A, Ceriani L, Folliero C, Stramer B, Lenardi C, Milani P, Podestà A, Schulte C. The glycocalyx affects the mechanotransductive perception of the topographical microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:418. [PMID: 36123687 PMCID: PMC9484177 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell/microenvironment interface is the starting point of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction, but many details of mechanotransductive signal integration remain elusive due to the complexity of the involved (extra)cellular structures, such as the glycocalyx. We used nano-bio-interfaces reproducing the complex nanotopographical features of the extracellular matrix to analyse the glycocalyx impact on PC12 cell mechanosensing at the nanoscale (e.g., by force spectroscopy with functionalised probes). Our data demonstrates that the glycocalyx configuration affects spatio-temporal nanotopography-sensitive mechanotransductive events at the cell/microenvironment interface. Opposing effects of major glycocalyx removal were observed, when comparing flat and specific nanotopographical conditions. The excessive retrograde actin flow speed and force loading are strongly reduced on certain nanotopographies upon strong reduction of the native glycocalyx, while on the flat substrate we observe the opposite trend. Our results highlight the importance of the glycocalyx configuration in a molecular clutch force loading-dependent cellular mechanism for mechanosensing of microenvironmental nanotopographical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chighizola
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tania Dini
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mirko D'Urso
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Previdi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ceriani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Folliero
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Brian Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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6
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Marku A, Galli A, Marciani P, Dule N, Perego C, Castagna M. Iron Metabolism in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function and Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:2841. [PMID: 34831062 PMCID: PMC8616520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element involved in a variety of physiological functions. In the pancreatic beta-cells, being part of Fe-S cluster proteins, it is necessary for the correct insulin synthesis and processing. In the mitochondria, as a component of the respiratory chain, it allows the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger beta-cell depolarization and potentiate the calcium-dependent insulin release. Iron cellular content must be finely tuned to ensure the normal supply but also to prevent overloading. Indeed, due to the high reactivity with oxygen and the formation of free radicals, iron excess may cause oxidative damage of cells that are extremely vulnerable to this condition because the normal elevated ROS production and the paucity in antioxidant enzyme activities. The aim of the present review is to provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for iron homeostasis in beta-cells, describing how alteration of these processes has been related to beta-cell damage and failure. Defects in iron-storing or -chaperoning proteins have been detected in diabetic conditions; therefore, the control of iron metabolism in these cells deserves further investigation as a promising target for the development of new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Perego
- Department of Excellence Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste, 22134 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Michela Castagna
- Department of Excellence Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste, 22134 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.M.); (N.D.)
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7
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Murtas G, Sacchi S, Tedeschi G, Maffioli E, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Abbondi M, Mothet JP, Pollegioni L. Antimicrobial D-amino acid oxidase-derived peptides specify gut microbiota. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3607-3620. [PMID: 33484270 PMCID: PMC8038955 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The flavoenzyme d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is deputed to the degradation of d-enantiomers of amino acids. DAAO plays various relevant physiological roles in different organisms and tissues. Thus, it has been recently suggested that the goblet cells of the mucosal epithelia secrete into the lumen of intestine, a processed and active form of DAAO that uses the intestinal d-amino acids to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an immune messenger that helps fighting gut pathogens, and by doing so controls the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Here, we show that the DAAO form lacking the 1–16 amino acid residues (the putative secretion signal) is unstable and inactive, and that DAAO is present in the epithelial layer and the mucosa of mouse gut, where it is largely proteolyzed. In silico predicted DAAO-derived antimicrobial peptides show activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but not on Lactobacilli species, which represent the commensal microbiota. Peptidomic analysis reveals the presence of such peptides in the mucosal fraction. Collectively, we identify a novel mechanism for gut microbiota selection implying DAAO-derived antimicrobial peptides which are generated by intestinal proteases and that are secreted in the gut lumen. In conclusion, we herein report an additional, ancillary role for mammalian DAAO, unrelated to its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Murtas
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Sacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.,DAAIR, D-Amino Acid International Research Center, Gerenzano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Cimaina, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Cimaina, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Abbondi
- DAAIR, D-Amino Acid International Research Center, Gerenzano, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto Insubrico Ricerca Per La Vita (FIIRV), Gerenzano, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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8
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Lofaro FD, Boraldi F, Garcia-Fernandez M, Estrella L, Valdivielso P, Quaglino D. Relationship Between Mitochondrial Structure and Bioenergetics in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610266. [PMID: 33392199 PMCID: PMC7773789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease considered as a paradigm of ectopic mineralization disorders, being characterized by multisystem clinical manifestations due to progressive calcification of skin, eyes, and the cardiovascular system, resembling an age-related phenotype. Although fibroblasts do not express the pathogenic ABCC6 gene, nevertheless these cells are still under investigation because they regulate connective tissue homeostasis, generating the “arena” where cells and extracellular matrix components can promote pathologic calcification and where activation of pro-osteogenic factors can be associated to pathways involving mitochondrial metabolism. The aim of the present study was to integrate structural and bioenergenetic features to deeply investigate mitochondria from control and from PXE fibroblasts cultured in standard conditions and to explore the role of mitochondria in the development of the PXE fibroblasts’ pathologic phenotype. Proteomic, biochemical, and morphological data provide new evidence that in basal culture conditions (1) the protein profile of PXE mitochondria reveals a number of differentially expressed proteins, suggesting changes in redox balance, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium homeostasis in addition to modified structure and organization, (2) measure of oxygen consumption indicates that the PXE mitochondria have a low ability to cope with a sudden increased need for ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, (3) mitochondrial membranes are highly polarized in PXE fibroblasts, and this condition contributes to increased reactive oxygen species levels, (4) ultrastructural alterations in PXE mitochondria are associated with functional changes, and (5) PXE fibroblasts exhibit a more abundant, branched, and interconnected mitochondrial network compared to control cells, indicating that fusion prevail over fission events. In summary, the present study demonstrates that mitochondria are modified in PXE fibroblasts. Since mitochondria are key players in the development of the aging process, fibroblasts cultured from aged individuals or aged in vitro are more prone to calcify, and in PXE, calcified tissues remind features of premature aging syndromes; it can be hypothesized that mitochondria represent a common link contributing to the development of ectopic calcification in aging and in diseases. Therefore, ameliorating mitochondrial functions and cell metabolism could open new strategies to positively regulate a number of signaling pathways associated to pathologic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lara Estrella
- Department of Human Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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9
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Galli A, Marciani P, Marku A, Ghislanzoni S, Bertuzzi F, Rossi R, Di Giancamillo A, Castagna M, Perego C. Verbascoside Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against ER-Stress. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120582. [PMID: 33302345 PMCID: PMC7762434 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological evidence indicates that a diet rich in polyphenols protects against developing type 2 diabetes. The phenylethanoid glycoside verbascoside/acteoside, a widespread polyphenolic plant compound, has several biological properties including strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this research was to test the possible effects of verbascoside on pancreatic β-cells, a target never tested before. Mouse and human β-cells were incubated with verbascoside (0.8-16 µM) for up to five days and a combination of biochemical and imaging techniques were used to assess the β-cell survival and function under normal or endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress inducing conditions. We found a dose-dependent protective effect of verbascoside against oxidative stress in clonal and human β-cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the polyphenol protects β-cells against ER-stress mediated dysfunctions, modulating the activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) branch of the unfolded protein response and promoting mitochondrial dynamics. As a result, increased viability, mitochondrial function and insulin content were detected in these cells. These studies provide the evidence that verbascoside boosts the ability of β-cells to cope with ER-stress, an important contributor of β-cell dysfunction and failure in diabetic conditions and support the therapeutic potential of verbascoside in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Galli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Marciani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Algerta Marku
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Ghislanzoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (R.R.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (R.R.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Michela Castagna
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Perego
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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