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Zhao N, Deng G, Yuan PX, Zhang YF, Jiang LY, Zhao X, Song BL. TMEM241 is a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter required for M6P modification of NPC2 and cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100465. [PMID: 37890669 PMCID: PMC10689955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate intracellular cholesterol traffic plays crucial roles. Niemann Pick type C (NPC) proteins NPC1 and NPC2, are two lysosomal cholesterol transporters that mediate the cholesterol exit from lysosomes. However, other proteins involved in this process remain poorly defined. Here, we find that the previously unannotated protein TMEM241 is required for cholesterol egressing from lysosomes through amphotericin B-based genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 KO screening. Ablation of TMEM241 caused impaired sorting of NPC2, a protein utilizes the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification for lysosomal targeting, resulting in cholesterol accumulation in the lysosomes. TMEM241 is a member of solute transporters 35 nucleotide sugar transporters family and localizes on the cis-Golgi network. Our data indicate that TMEM241 transports UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) into Golgi lumen and UDP-GlcNAc is used for the M6P modification of proteins including NPC2. Furthermore, Tmem241-deficient mice display cholesterol accumulation in pulmonary cells and behave pulmonary injury and hypokinesia. Taken together, we demonstrate that TMEM241 is a Golgi-localized UDP-GlcNAc transporter and loss of TMEM241 causes cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes because of the impaired M6P-dependent lysosomal targeting of NPC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Fen Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Jiang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Lee D, Hong JH. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPDC) by Mutation of NPC1 and NPC2: Aberrant Lysosomal Cholesterol Trafficking and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 38136141 PMCID: PMC10740957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol trafficking is initiated by the endocytic pathway and transported from endo/lysosomes to other intracellular organelles. Deficiencies in cholesterol-sensing and binding proteins NPC1 and NPC2 induce accumulation in lysosomes and the malfunction of trafficking to other organelles. Each organelle possesses regulatory factors to induce cholesterol trafficking. The mutation of NPC1 and NPC2 genes induces Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPDC), which is a hereditary disease and causes progressive neurodegeneration, developmental disability, hypotonia, and ataxia. Oxidative stress induces damage in NPDC-related intracellular organelles. Although studies on the relationship between NPDC and oxidation are relatively rare, several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in treating NPDC. Investigating antioxidant drugs to relieve oxidative stress and cholesterol accumulation is suggested to be a powerful tool for developing treatments for NPDC. Understanding NPDC provides challenging issues in understanding the oxidative stress-lysosome metabolism of the lipid axis. Thus, we elucidated the relationship between complexes of intracellular organelles and NPDC to develop our knowledge and suggested potential antioxidant reagents for NPDC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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Encarnação M, David H, Coutinho MF, Moreira L, Alves S. MicroRNA Profile, Putative Diagnostic Biomarkers and RNA-Based Therapies in the Inherited Lipid Storage Disease Niemann-Pick Type C. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2615. [PMID: 37892989 PMCID: PMC10604387 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential for cellular function and are tightly controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Dysregulation of these pathways is associated with vascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and several inherited metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), in particular, are a family of post-transcriptional gene repressors associated with the regulation of many genes that encode proteins involved in multiple lipid metabolism pathways, thereby influencing their homeostasis. Thus, this class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of lipid-related metabolic alterations. Most of these miRNAs act at an intracellular level, but in the past few years, a role for miRNAs as intercellular signaling molecules has also been uncovered since they can be transported in bodily fluids and used as potential biomarkers of lipid metabolic alterations. In this review, we point out the current knowledge on the miRNA signature in a lysosomal storage disorder associated with lipid dysfunction, Niemann-Pick type C, and discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Encarnação
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (H.D.); (M.F.C.); (L.M.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo David
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (H.D.); (M.F.C.); (L.M.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (H.D.); (M.F.C.); (L.M.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (H.D.); (M.F.C.); (L.M.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (H.D.); (M.F.C.); (L.M.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Dhingra A, Tobias JW, Philp NJ, Boesze-Battaglia K. Transcriptomic Changes Predict Metabolic Alterations in LC3 Associated Phagocytosis in Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076716. [PMID: 37047689 PMCID: PMC10095460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LC3b (Map1lc3b) plays an essential role in canonical autophagy and is one of several components of the autophagy machinery that mediates non-canonical autophagic functions. Phagosomes are often associated with lipidated LC3b to promote phagosome maturation in a process called LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). Specialized phagocytes, such as mammary epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and sertoli cells, utilize LAP for optimal degradation of phagocytosed material, including debris. In the visual system, LAP is critical to maintain retinal function, lipid homeostasis, and neuroprotection. In a mouse model of retinal lipid steatosis-mice lacking LC3b (LC3b-/-), we observed increased lipid deposition, metabolic dysregulation, and enhanced inflammation. Herein, we present a non-biased approach to determine if loss of LAP mediated processes modulate the expression of various genes related to metabolic homeostasis, lipid handling, and inflammation. A comparison of the RPE transcriptome of WT and LC3b-/- mice revealed 1533 DEGs, with ~73% upregulated and 27% downregulated. Enriched gene ontology (GO) terms included inflammatory response (upregulated DEGs), fatty acid metabolism, and vascular transport (downregulated DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified 34 pathways; 28 were upregulated (dominated by inflammation/related pathways) and 6 were downregulated (dominated by metabolic pathways). Analysis of additional gene families identified significant differences for genes in the solute carrier family, RPE signature genes, and genes with a potential role in age-related macular degeneration. These data indicate that loss of LC3b induces robust changes in the RPE transcriptome contributing to lipid dysregulation and metabolic imbalance, RPE atrophy, inflammation, and disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomics and Sequencing Core, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy J Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Galli A, Arunagiri A, Dule N, Castagna M, Marciani P, Perego C. Cholesterol Redistribution in Pancreatic β-Cells: A Flexible Path to Regulate Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830593 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells, by secreting insulin, play a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction is the basis of diabetes development. The metabolic milieu created by high blood glucose and lipids is known to play a role in this process. In the last decades, cholesterol has attracted significant attention, not only because it critically controls β-cell function but also because it is the target of lipid-lowering therapies proposed for preventing the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Despite the remarkable progress, understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cholesterol-mediated β-cell function remains an open and attractive area of investigation. Studies indicate that β-cells not only regulate the total cholesterol level but also its redistribution within organelles, a process mediated by vesicular and non-vesicular transport. The aim of this review is to summarize the most current view of how cholesterol homeostasis is maintained in pancreatic β-cells and to provide new insights on the mechanisms by which cholesterol is dynamically distributed among organelles to preserve their functionality. While cholesterol may affect virtually any activity of the β-cell, the intent of this review is to focus on early steps of insulin synthesis and secretion, an area still largely unexplored.
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Shen WJ, Cortez Y, Singh A, Chen W, Azhar S, Kraemer FB. Mice deficient in ER protein seipin have reduced adrenal cholesteryl ester lipid droplet formation and utilization. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100309. [PMID: 36332685 PMCID: PMC9703635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester (CE)-rich lipid droplets (LDs) accumulate in steroidogenic tissues under physiological conditions and constitute an important source of cholesterol as the precursor for the synthesis of all steroid hormones. The mechanisms specifically involved in CE-rich LD formation have not been directly studied and are assumed by most to occur in a fashion analogous to triacylglycerol-rich LDs. Seipin is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that forms oligomeric complexes at endoplasmic reticulum-LD contact sites, and seipin deficiency results in severe alterations in LD maturation and morphology as seen in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2. While seipin is critical for triacylglycerol-rich LD formation, no studies have directly addressed whether seipin is important for CE-rich LD biogenesis. To address this issue, mice with deficient expression of seipin specifically in adrenal, testis, and ovary, steroidogenic tissues that accumulate CE-rich LDs under normal physiological conditions, were generated. We found that the steroidogenic-specific seipin-deficient mice displayed a marked reduction in LD and CE accumulation in the adrenals, demonstrating the pivotal role of seipin in CE-rich LD accumulation/formation. Moreover, the reduction in CE-rich LDs was associated with significant defects in adrenal and gonadal steroid hormone production that could not be completely reversed by addition of exogenous lipoprotein cholesterol. We conclude that seipin has a heretofore unappreciated role in intracellular cholesterol trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Yuan Cortez
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Borràs C, Mercer A, Sirisi S, Alcolea D, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Tondo M. HDL-like-Mediated Cell Cholesterol Trafficking in the Central Nervous System and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169356. [PMID: 36012637 PMCID: PMC9409363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to review the mechanisms via which high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol trafficking through the central nervous system (CNS) occurs in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and abnormally hyperphosphorylated intracellular tau filaments in neurons. Cholesterol metabolism has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of AD through biological, epidemiological, and genetic studies, with the APOE gene being the most reproducible genetic risk factor for the development of AD. This manuscript explores how HDL-mediated cholesterol is transported in the CNS, with a special emphasis on its relationship to Aβ peptide accumulation and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated cholesterol transport. Indeed, we reviewed all existing works exploring HDL-like-mediated cholesterol efflux and cholesterol uptake in the context of AD pathogenesis. Existing data seem to point in the direction of decreased cholesterol efflux and the impaired entry of cholesterol into neurons among patients with AD, which could be related to impaired Aβ clearance and tau protein accumulation. However, most of the reviewed studies have been performed in cells that are not physiologically relevant for CNS pathology, representing a major flaw in this field. The ApoE4 genotype seems to be a disruptive element in HDL-like-mediated cholesterol transport through the brain. Overall, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of cholesterol trafficking in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Borràs
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Aina Mercer
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Sirisi
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.E.-G.); (M.T.); Tel.: +34-93-553-7358 (J.C.E.-G. & M.T.)
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.E.-G.); (M.T.); Tel.: +34-93-553-7358 (J.C.E.-G. & M.T.)
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Majer F, Asfaw B, Kuchař L, Mušálková D, Steiner-Mrázová L, Dobrovolný R, Ledvinová J, Hřebíček M. Loading of cell cultures with cholesterol-dextran particles as a new functional test for Niemann-Pick type C disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:584-592. [PMID: 35088900 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium-labeled cholesterol-dextran particles (d4-CholDex), prepared by co-precipitation, were internalized by cultured human skin fibroblasts and HEK293 cells. Subcellular particles from d4-CholDex-treated HEK293 cells were fractionated on iodixanol gradients. More than 60% of d4-cholesterol (d4-UC) in the gradient co-fractionated with lysosomal markers and NPC1. This and formation of d4-cholesteryl esters (d4-CE) in the cells suggests that d4-CholDex is lysosomally processed. In accordance with these findings, we observed an increase in lysosomal cholesterol content by fluorescence microscopy in CholDex-loaded cells. Fibroblast cultures including 13 NPC1-deficient, four heterozygous and six control lines were treated with d4-CholDex at final d4-UC concentration of 0.05 mg/ml (127.98 μmol/L) for 3 h and chased for 48 h in medium without d4-CholDex. Concentrations of d4-UC and d4-CE in harvested cells were measured by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). d4-UC/d4-CE ratios were elevated in NP-C lines compared to controls (n = 6, mean = 4.36, range = 1.89-8.91), with the highest ratios in severe NP-C1 phenotypes and the lowest in adolescent/adult type patients. There were overlaps between NP-C1 forms: early infantile (n = 1, mean = 48.6), late infantile (n = 4, mean = 36.3, range = 20.6-54.0), juvenile (n = 5, mean = 24.7, range = 13.4-38.3), adolescent/adult (n = 3, mean = 14.5, range = 11.7-19.8). The ratios in NP-C1 heterozygotes were mildly elevated (n = 4, mean = 16.4, range = 14.9-17.4) and comparable to patients with adolescent/adult NP-C1. The test can be useful in evaluation of suspected NP-C patients with inconclusive results of biomarker or molecular tests. Its advantages include standardized preparation of particles with longer shelf life at 4 °C, quantitative results, and no requirement for radioactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Majer
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Befekadu Asfaw
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kuchař
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Mušálková
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Steiner-Mrázová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Dobrovolný
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ledvinová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hřebíček
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Isono R, Tsubamoto H, Ueda T, Takimoto Y, Inoue K, Sakata K, Shibahara H, Nishiumi S. Itraconazole Inhibits Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking and Decreases Phosphatidylserine Level in Cervical Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5477-5480. [PMID: 34732417 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Itraconazole shows anticancer activity in various types of cancer but its underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effect of itraconazole on membrane-associated lipids. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the influences of itraconazole on cholesterol trafficking, cervical cancer CaSki cells were cultured with itraconazole and analyzed by Filipin staining followed by confocal microscopy. Effect on the glycerophospholipid profiles was analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS After itraconazole treatment, Filipin staining revealed cholesterol accumulation in the intracellular compartments, which was similar to the distribution after treatment of U18666A (cholesterol transport inhibitor). LC/MS analysis showed a significant decrease in phosphatidylserine levels and an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine levels in CaSki cells. CONCLUSION Itraconazole inhibited cholesterol trafficking and altered the phospholipid composition. Alterations in the cell membrane can potentiate the anticancer activity of itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roze Isono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsubamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yumi Takimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kayo Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine. Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Department of Omics Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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10
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Takahashi K, Kanerva K, Vanharanta L, Almeida‐Souza L, Lietha D, Olkkonen VM, Ikonen E. ORP2 couples LDL-cholesterol transport to FAK activation by endosomal cholesterol/PI(4,5)P 2 exchange. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106871. [PMID: 34124795 PMCID: PMC8281050 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol delivery from late endosomes to the plasma membrane regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration, but the mechanisms controlling it are poorly characterized. Here, we employed auxin-inducible rapid degradation of oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 2 (ORP2/OSBPL2) to show that endogenous ORP2 mediates the transfer of LDL-derived cholesterol from late endosomes to focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-/integrin-positive recycling endosomes in human cells. In vitro, cholesterol enhances membrane association of FAK to PI(4,5)P2 -containing lipid bilayers. In cells, ORP2 stimulates FAK activation and PI(4,5)P2 generation in endomembranes, enhancing cell adhesion. Moreover, ORP2 increases PI(4,5)P2 in NPC1-containing late endosomes in a FAK-dependent manner, controlling their tubulovesicular trafficking. Together, these results provide evidence that ORP2 controls FAK activation and LDL-cholesterol plasma membrane delivery by promoting bidirectional cholesterol/PI(4,5)P2 exchange between late and recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- Present address:
Laboratory of Microbiology and ImmunologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Kristiina Kanerva
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lauri Vanharanta
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Leonardo Almeida‐Souza
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
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11
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Walch P, Selkrig J, Knodler LA, Rettel M, Stein F, Fernandez K, Viéitez C, Potel CM, Scholzen K, Geyer M, Rottner K, Steele-Mortimer O, Savitski MM, Holden DW, Typas A. Global mapping of Salmonella enterica-host protein-protein interactions during infection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1316-1332.e12. [PMID: 34237247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens inject effector proteins to hijack host cellular processes and promote their survival and proliferation. To systematically map effector-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) during infection, we generated a library of 32 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) strains expressing chromosomally encoded affinity-tagged effectors and quantified PPIs in macrophages and epithelial cells. We identified 446 effector-host PPIs, 25 of which were previously described, and validated 13 by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation. While effectors converged on the same host cellular processes, most had multiple targets, which often differed between cell types. We demonstrate that SseJ, SseL, and SifA modulate cholesterol accumulation at the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) partially via the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 protein. PipB recruits the organelle contact site protein PDZD8 to the SCV, and SteC promotes actin bundling by phosphorylating formin-like proteins. This study provides a method for probing host-pathogen PPIs during infection and a resource for interrogating STm effector mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Walch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel Selkrig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leigh A Knodler
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, USA; Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Mandy Rettel
- EMBL, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- EMBL, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith Fernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Viéitez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Clément M Potel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karoline Scholzen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Olivia Steele-Mortimer
- Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; EMBL, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David W Holden
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Typas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Mihajlovic M, Gojkovic T, Vladimirov S, Zeljkovic D, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Trifunovic B. Revealing the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3352. [PMID: 33805921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with multifactorial etiology, which includes metabolic alterations as contributors to disease development. Studies have shown that lipid status disorders are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In line with this, previous studies have also suggested that the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases in patients with CRC, but more recently, the focus of investigations has shifted toward the exploration of qualitative properties of HDL in this malignancy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of available evidences regarding the putative role of HDL in CRC will be presented. We will analyze existing findings regarding alterations of HDL-C levels but also HDL particle structure and distribution in CRC. In addition, changes in HDL functionality in this malignancy will be discussed. Moreover, we will focus on the genetic regulation of HDL metabolism, as well as the involvement of HDL in disturbances of cholesterol trafficking in CRC. Finally, possible therapeutic implications related to HDL will be presented. Given the available evidence, future studies are needed to resolve all raised issues concerning the suggested protective role of HDL in CRC, its presumed function as a biomarker, and eventual therapeutic approaches based on HDL.
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13
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Ouweneel AB, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG. The ins and outs of lipid rafts: functions in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, microparticles, and cell membranes: Thematic Review Series: Biology of Lipid Rafts. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:676-686. [PMID: 33715815 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes are not homogenous mixtures of proteins; rather, they are segregated into microdomains on the basis of preferential association between specific lipids and proteins. These microdomains, called lipid rafts, are well known for their role in receptor signaling on the plasma membrane (PM) and are essential to such cellular functions as signal transduction and spatial organization of the PM. A number of disease states, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders, may be caused by dysfunctional maintenance of lipid rafts. Lipid rafts do not occur only in the PM but also have been found in intracellular membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we focus on discussing newly discovered functions of lipid rafts and microdomains in intracellular membranes, including lipid and protein trafficking from the ER, Golgi bodies, and endosomes to the PM, and we examine lipid raft involvement in the production and composition of EVs. Because lipid rafts are small and transient, visualization remains challenging. Future work with advanced techniques will continue to expand our knowledge about the roles of lipid rafts in cellular functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Cardiovascular Center,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Cardiovascular Center,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Cardiovascular Center,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226. mailto:
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14
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Yoon HJ, Jeong H, Lee HH, Jang S. Molecular dynamics study with mutation shows that N-terminal domain structural re-orientation in Niemann-Pick type C1 is required for proper alignment of cholesterol transport. J Neurochem 2020; 156:967-978. [PMID: 32880929 PMCID: PMC7461377 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal membrane protein Niemann‐Pick type C1 (NPC1) and Niemann‐Pick type C2 (NPC2) are main players of cholesterol control in the lysosome and it is known that the mutation on these proteins leads to the cholesterol trafficking‐related neurodegenerative disease, which is called the NPC disease. The mutation R518W or R518Q on the NPC1 is one of the type of disease‐related mutation that causes cholesterol transports to be cut in half, which results in the accumulation of cholesterol and lipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of the cell. Even though there has been significant progress with understanding the cholesterol transport by NPC1 in combination with NPC2, especially after the structural determination of the full‐length NPC1 in 2016, many details such as the interaction of the full‐length NPC1 with the NPC2, the molecular motions responsible for the cholesterol transport during and after this interaction, and the structure and the function relations of many mutations are still not well understood. In this study, we report the extensive molecular dynamics simulations in order to gain insight into the structure and the dynamics of NPC1 lumenal domain for the cholesterol transport and the disease behind the mutation (R518W). It was found that the mutation induces a structural shift of the N‐terminal domain, toward the loop region in the middle lumenal domain, which is believed to play a central role in the interaction with NPC2 protein, so the interaction with the NPC2 protein might be less favorable compared to the wild NPC1. Also, the simulation indicates the possible re‐orientation of the N‐terminal domain with both the wild and the R518W‐mutated NPC1 after receiving the cholesterol from the NPC2 that align to form an internal tunnel, which is a possible pose for further action in cholesterol trafficking. We believe the current study can provide a better understanding of the cholesterol transport by NPC1 especially the role of NTD of NPC1 in combination with NPC2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sturley SL, Rajakumar T, Hammond N, Higaki K, Márka Z, Márka S, Munkacsi AB. Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:972-982. [PMID: 32457038 PMCID: PMC7328045 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r120000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available, and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1, including engagement of the same host cell receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, both as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests that NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in preclinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Androstenes/therapeutic use
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/metabolism
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Drug Repositioning/methods
- Humans
- Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/virology
- Niemann-Pick C1 Protein
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/drug therapy
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/genetics
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/metabolism
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/pathology
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamayanthi Rajakumar
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for
Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for
Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics,
Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503,
Japan
| | - Zsuzsa Márka
- Department of Physics,
Columbia University, New York,
NY 10027
| | - Szabolcs Márka
- Department of Physics,
Columbia University, New York,
NY 10027
| | - Andrew B. Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for
Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington,
Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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16
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Zhang R, Tang BS, Guo JF. Research advances on neurite outgrowth inhibitor B receptor. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7697-7705. [PMID: 32542927 PMCID: PMC7348171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth inhibitor‐B (Nogo‐B) is a membrane protein which is extensively expressed in multiple organs, especially in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and belongs to the reticulon protein family. Notably, its specific receptor, Nogo‐B receptor (NgBR), encoded by NUS1, has been implicated in many crucial cellular processes, such as cholesterol trafficking, lipid metabolism, dolichol synthesis, protein N‐glycosylation, vascular remodelling, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and neurodevelopment. In recent years, accumulating studies have demonstrated the statistically significant changes of NgBR expression levels in human diseases, including Niemann‐Pick type C disease, fatty liver, congenital disorders of glycosylation, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, invasive ductal breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma, non‐small cell lung carcinoma, paediatric epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Besides, both the in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NgBR overexpression or knockdown contribute to the alteration of various pathophysiological processes. Thus, there is a broad development potential in therapeutic strategies by modifying the expression levels of NgBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Larsen MC, Lee J, Jorgensen JS, Jefcoate CR. STARD1 Functions in Mitochondrial Cholesterol Metabolism and Nascent HDL Formation. Gene Expression and Molecular mRNA Imaging Show Novel Splicing and a 1:1 Mitochondrial Association. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:559674. [PMID: 33193082 PMCID: PMC7607000 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.559674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STARD1 moves cholesterol (CHOL) from the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to the inner membrane (IMM) in steroidogenic cells. This activity is integrated into CHOL trafficking and synthesis homeostasis, involving uptake through SR-B1 and LDL receptors and distribution through endosomes, ER, and lipid droplets. In adrenal cells, STARD1 is imported into the mitochondrial matrix accompanied by delivery of several hundred CHOL molecules. This transfer limits CYP11A1-mediated generation of pregnenolone. CHOL transfer is coupled to translation of STARD1 mRNA at the OMM. In testis cells, slower CHOL trafficking seems to be limiting. STARD1 also functions in a slower process through ER OMM contacts. The START domain of STARD1 is utilized by a family of genes, which includes additional STARD (forms 3-6) and GRAMD1B proteins that transfer CHOL. STARD forms 2 and 7 deliver phosphatidylcholine. STARD1 and STARD7 target their respective activities to mitochondria, via N-terminal domains (NTD) of over 50 amino acids. The NTD is not essential for steroidogenesis but exerts tissue-selective enhancement (testis>>adrenal). Three conserved sites for cleavage by the mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) generate three forms, each potentially with specific functions, as demonstrated in STARD7. STARD1 is expressed in macrophage and cardiac repair fibroblasts. Additional functions include CHOL metabolism by CYP27A1 that directs activation of LXR and CHOL export processes. STARD1 generates 3.5- and 1.6-kb mRNA from alternative polyadenylation. The 3.5-kb form exclusively binds the PKA-induced regulator, TIS11b, which binds at conserved sites in the extended 3'UTR to control mRNA translation and turnover. STARD1 expression also exhibits a novel, slow splicing that delayed splicing delivery of mRNA to mitochondria. Stimulation of transcription by PKA is directed by suppression of SIK forms that activate a CRTC/CREB/CBP promoter complex. This process is critical to pulsatile hormonal activation in vivo. sm-FISH RNA imaging shows a flow of single STARD1 mRNA particles from asymmetric accumulations of primary transcripts at gene loci to 1:1 complex of 3.5-kb mRNA with peri-nuclear mitochondria. Adrenal cells are similar but distinguished from testis cells by appreciable basal expression prior to hormonal activation. This difference is conserved in culture and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joan S. Jorgensen
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Colin R. Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Colin R. Jefcoate,
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18
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Lyu J, Yang EJ, Shim JS. Cholesterol Trafficking: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Angiogenesis and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050389. [PMID: 31035320 PMCID: PMC6562524 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential structural component of cellular membranes. In addition to the structural role, it also serves as a precursor to a variety of steroid hormones and has diverse functions in intracellular signal transduction. As one of its functions in cell signaling, recent evidence suggests that cholesterol plays a key role in regulating angiogenesis. This review discusses the role of cholesterol in angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis on cholesterol trafficking in endothelial cell signaling. Small molecule inhibitors of cholesterol trafficking and their preclinical and clinical development targeting angiogenesis and cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Lyu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
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19
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Rodriguez-Agudo D, Malacrida L, Kakiyama G, Sparrer T, Fortes C, Maceyka M, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Gratton E, Pandak WM, Gil G. StarD5: an ER stress protein regulates plasma membrane and intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1087-1098. [PMID: 31015253 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol is controlled is poorly understood. Ablation of the gene encoding the ER stress steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domain (StarD)5 leads to a decrease in PM cholesterol content, a decrease in cholesterol efflux, and an increase in intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in macrophages, the major cell type that expresses StarD5. ER stress increases StarD5 expression in mouse hepatocytes, which results in an increase in accessible PM cholesterol in WT but not in StarD5-/- hepatocytes. StarD5-/- mice store higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, which leads to altered expression of cholesterol-regulated genes. In vitro, a recombinant GST-StarD5 protein transfers cholesterol between synthetic liposomes. StarD5 overexpression leads to a marked increase in PM cholesterol. Phasor analysis of 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data revealed an increase in PM fluidity in StarD5-/- macrophages. Taken together, these studies show that StarD5 is a stress-responsive protein that regulates PM cholesterol and intracellular cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Departments of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298.,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23248
| | - Leonel Malacrida
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.,Area de Investigación Respiratoria, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Departments of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298.,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23248
| | - Tavis Sparrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Carolina Fortes
- Departments of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298.,Departmento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Mark A Subler
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298.,Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - William M Pandak
- Departments of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 .,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23248
| | - Gregorio Gil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 .,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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20
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Abstract
Human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) is a 57 amino acid long polypeptide that, through its potent inhibition of cholesteryl ester transferase protein, helps regulate the transfer of lipids between lipid particles. We have now determined the structure of APOC1 in four crystal forms by X-ray diffraction. A molecule of APOC1 is a single, slightly bent, α-helix having 13–14 turns and a length of about 80 Å. APOC1 exists as a dimer, but the dimers are not the same in the four crystals. In two monoclinic crystals, two helices closely engage one another in an antiparallel fashion. The interactions between monomers are almost entirely hydrophobic with sparse electrostatic complements. In the third monoclinic crystal, the two monomers spread at one end of the dimer, like a scissor opening, and, by translation along the crystallographic a axis, form a continuous, contiguous sheet through the crystal. In the orthorhombic crystals, two molecules of APOC1 are related by a noncrystallographic 2-fold axis to create an arc of about 120 Å length. This symmetrical dimer utilizes interactions not present in dimers of the monoclinic crystals. Versatility of APOC1 monomer association shown by these crystals is suggestive of physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander McPherson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900
| | - Steven B Larson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900
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21
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Paunovska K, Gil CJ, Lokugamage MP, Sago CD, Sato M, Lando GN, Gamboa Castro M, Bryksin AV, Dahlman JE. Analyzing 2000 in Vivo Drug Delivery Data Points Reveals Cholesterol Structure Impacts Nanoparticle Delivery. ACS Nano 2018; 12:8341-8349. [PMID: 30016076 PMCID: PMC6115295 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are formulated using unmodified cholesterol. However, cholesterol is naturally esterified and oxidized in vivo, and these cholesterol variants are differentially trafficked in vivo via lipoproteins including LDL and VLDL. We hypothesized that incorporating the same cholesterol variants into LNPs-which can be structurally similar to LDL and VLDL-would alter nanoparticle targeting in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we quantified how >100 LNPs made with six cholesterol variants delivered DNA barcodes to 18 cell types in wild-type, LDLR-/-, and VLDLR-/- mice that were both age-matched and female. By analyzing ∼2000 in vivo drug delivery data points, we found that LNPs formulated with esterified cholesterol delivered nucleic acids more efficiently than LNPs formulated with regular or oxidized cholesterol when compared across all tested cell types in the mouse. We also identified an LNP containing cholesteryl oleate that efficiently delivered siRNA and sgRNA to liver endothelial cells in vivo. Delivery was as-or more-efficient as the same LNP made with unmodified cholesterol. Moreover, delivery to liver endothelial cells was 3 times more efficient than delivery to hepatocytes, distinguishing this oleate LNP from hepatocyte-targeting LNPs. RNA delivery can be improved by rationally selecting cholesterol variants, allowing optimization of nanoparticle targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Paunovska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Carmen J Gil
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Melissa P Lokugamage
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Cory D Sago
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Manaka Sato
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Gwyn N Lando
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Marielena Gamboa Castro
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Anton V Bryksin
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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22
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Lyu J, Yang EJ, Head SA, Ai N, Zhang B, Wu C, Li RJ, Liu Y, Chakravarty H, Zhang S, Tam KY, Dang Y, Kwon HJ, Ge W, Liu JO, Shim JS. Astemizole Inhibits mTOR Signaling and Angiogenesis by Blocking Cholesterol Trafficking. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1175-1185. [PMID: 30123067 PMCID: PMC6097475 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays a key role in membrane protein function and signaling in endothelial cells. Thus, disturbing cholesterol trafficking is an effective approach for inhibiting angiogenesis. We recently identified astemizole (AST), an antihistamine drug, as a cholesterol trafficking inhibitor from a phenotypic screen. In this study, we found that AST induced cholesterol accumulation in the lysosome by binding to the sterol-sensing domain of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal surface protein responsible for cholesterol transport. Inhibition of cholesterol trafficking by AST led to the depletion of membrane cholesterol, causing SREBP1 nuclear localization. The depletion of membrane cholesterol resulted in dissociation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) from the lysosomal surface and inactivation of mTOR signaling. These effects were effectively rescued by addition of exogenous cholesterol. AST inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Furthermore, AST inhibited zebrafish angiogenesis in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Together, our data suggest that AST is a new class of NPC1 antagonist that inhibits cholesterol trafficking in endothelial cells and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Sarah A Head
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The SJ Yan and HJ Mao Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nana Ai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Changjie Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The SJ Yan and HJ Mao Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yifan Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | | | - Shaolin Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Ge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The SJ Yan and HJ Mao Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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23
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Cianciola NL, Carlin CR. Human Adenoviruses, Cholesterol Trafficking, and NF-κB Signaling. J Immunol Sci 2018; 2:9-14. [PMID: 30090876 PMCID: PMC6078395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between viruses and host factors regulating inflammatory or cytotoxic responses directed against infected cells is well documented. Viruses have evolved a wide array of mechanisms that strike a balance between the elimination of virus and immune-mediated tissue injury by antiviral immune responses. The topic of this mini-review is a series of recent studies demonstrating a link between cholesterol trafficking and innate immune responses in cells infected with human adenoviruses that provide the backbone of commonly used vectors in gene medicine. Besides revealing an unexpected role for lipid metabolism in immune evasion, these studies have important implications for understanding the molecular basis of cholesterol trafficking in normal cells and various disease states. They also describe a previously unappreciated host-virus interaction that may be employed by other pathogens to interfere with the host innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Cianciola
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,The Lockwood Group, Stamford, CT 06901
| | - Cathleen R. Carlin
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,Correspondence: Dr. Cathleen Carlin, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;Telephone: 216 368-8939; FAX: 216 368-3952,
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24
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Pipalia NH, Subramanian K, Mao S, Ralph H, Hutt DM, Scott SM, Balch WE, Maxfield FR. Histone deacetylase inhibitors correct the cholesterol storage defect in most Niemann-Pick C1 mutant cells. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:695-708. [PMID: 28193631 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to excessive storage of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. The large majority of NPC disease is caused by mutations in NPC1, a large polytopic membrane protein that functions in late endosomes. There are many disease-associated mutations in NPC1, and most patients are compound heterozygotes. The most common mutation, NPC1I1061T, has been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the NPC1 protein. Treatment of patient-derived NPC1I1061T fibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) vorinostat or panobinostat increases expression of the mutant NPC1 protein and leads to correction of the cholesterol storage. Here, we show that several other human NPC1 mutant fibroblast cell lines can also be corrected by vorinostat or panobinostat and that treatment with vorinostat extends the lifetime of the NPC1I1061T protein. To test effects of HDACi on a large number of NPC1 mutants, we engineered a U2OS cell line to suppress NPC1 expression by shRNA and then transiently transfected these cells with 60 different NPC1 mutant constructs. The mutant NPC1 did not significantly reduce cholesterol accumulation, but approximately 85% of the mutants showed reduced cholesterol accumulation when treated with vorinostat or panobinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Pipalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Kanagaraj Subramanian
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Shu Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Harold Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Darren M Hutt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Samantha M Scott
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - William E Balch
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037.
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology,.
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25
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Li X, Saha P, Li J, Blobel G, Pfeffer SR. Clues to the mechanism of cholesterol transfer from the structure of NPC1 middle lumenal domain bound to NPC2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10079-84. [PMID: 27551080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611956113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Export of LDL-derived cholesterol from lysosomes requires the cooperation of the integral membrane protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) and a soluble protein, Niemann-Pick C2 (NPC2). Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins lead to Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). NPC2 binds to NPC1's second (middle), lumenally oriented domain (MLD) and transfers cholesterol to NPC1's N-terminal domain (NTD). Here, we report the 2.4-Å resolution crystal structure of a complex of human NPC1-MLD and NPC2 bearing bound cholesterol-3-O-sulfate. NPC1-MLD uses two protruding loops to bind NPC2, analogous to its interaction with the primed Ebola virus glycoprotein. Docking of the NPC1-NPC2 complex onto the full-length NPC1 structure reveals a direct cholesterol transfer tunnel between NPC2 and NTD cholesterol binding pockets, supporting the "hydrophobic hand-off" cholesterol transfer model.
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26
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Liu R, Li J, Zhang T, Zou L, Chen Y, Wang K, Lei Y, Yuan K, Li Y, Lan J, Cheng L, Xie N, Xiang R, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Itraconazole suppresses the growth of glioblastoma through induction of autophagy: involvement of abnormal cholesterol trafficking. Autophagy 2014; 10:1241-55. [PMID: 24905460 DOI: 10.4161/auto.28912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers with poor prognosis, and therefore a critical need exists for novel therapeutic strategies for management of glioblastoma patients. Itraconazole, a traditional antifungal drug, has been identified as a novel potential anticancer agent due to its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. Here, we show that itraconazole inhibits the proliferation of glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we demonstrate that treatment with itraconazole induces autophagic progression in glioblastoma cells, while blockage of autophagy markedly reverses the antiproliferative activities of itraconazole, suggesting an antitumor effect of autophagy in response to itraconazole treatment. Functional studies revealed that itraconazole retarded the trafficking of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes to the plasma membrane by reducing the levels of SCP2, resulting in repression of AKT1-MTOR signaling, induction of autophagy, and finally inhibition of cell proliferation. Together, our studies provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regarding the antitumor activities of itraconazole, and may further assist both the pharmacological investigation and rational use of itraconazole in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhi Zou
- College of Life Sciences; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; Nankai University; Tianjin, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
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