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Takahashi K, Kanerva K, Vanharanta L, Almeida‐Souza L, Lietha D, Olkkonen VM, Ikonen E. ORP2 couples LDL-cholesterol transport to FAK activation by endosomal cholesterol/PI(4,5)P 2 exchange. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106871. [PMID: 34124795 PMCID: PMC8281050 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol delivery from late endosomes to the plasma membrane regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration, but the mechanisms controlling it are poorly characterized. Here, we employed auxin-inducible rapid degradation of oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 2 (ORP2/OSBPL2) to show that endogenous ORP2 mediates the transfer of LDL-derived cholesterol from late endosomes to focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-/integrin-positive recycling endosomes in human cells. In vitro, cholesterol enhances membrane association of FAK to PI(4,5)P2 -containing lipid bilayers. In cells, ORP2 stimulates FAK activation and PI(4,5)P2 generation in endomembranes, enhancing cell adhesion. Moreover, ORP2 increases PI(4,5)P2 in NPC1-containing late endosomes in a FAK-dependent manner, controlling their tubulovesicular trafficking. Together, these results provide evidence that ORP2 controls FAK activation and LDL-cholesterol plasma membrane delivery by promoting bidirectional cholesterol/PI(4,5)P2 exchange between late and recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- Present address:
Laboratory of Microbiology and ImmunologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Kristiina Kanerva
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lauri Vanharanta
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Leonardo Almeida‐Souza
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
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Vanharanta L, Peränen J, Pfisterer SG, Enkavi G, Vattulainen I, Ikonen E. High‐content imaging and structure‐based predictions reveal functional differences between Niemann‐Pick C1 variants. Traffic 2020; 21:386-397. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Vanharanta
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
| | - Johan Peränen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
| | - Simon G. Pfisterer
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Giray Enkavi
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Computational Physics LaboratoryTampere University of Technology Tampere Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Computational Physics LaboratoryTampere University of Technology Tampere Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
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Gungor B, Vanharanta L, Hölttä-Vuori M, Pirhonen J, Petersen NHT, Gramolelli S, Ojala PM, Kirkegaard T, Ikonen E. HSP70 induces liver X receptor pathway activation and cholesterol reduction in vitro and in vivo. Mol Metab 2019; 28:135-143. [PMID: 31327756 PMCID: PMC6822257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) maintain cellular homeostasis under stress. HSP70 represents a major stress-inducible family member and has been identified as a druggable target in inherited cholesterol-sphingolipid storage diseases. We investigated if HSP70 modulates cholesterol accumulation in more common conditions related to atherogenesis. Methods We studied the effects of recombinant HSP70 in cholesterol-laden primary macrophages from human blood donors and pharmacological HSP70 upregulation in high-cholesterol diet fed zebrafish. Results Recombinant HSP70 facilitated cholesterol removal from primary human macrophage foam cells. RNA sequencing revealed that HSP70 induced a robust transcriptional re-programming, including upregulation of key targets of liver X receptors (LXR), master regulators of whole-body cholesterol removal. Mechanistically, HSP70 interacted with the macrophage LXRalpha promoter, increased LXRalpha and its target mRNAs, and led to elevated levels of key proteins facilitating cholesterol efflux, including ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1. Pharmacological augmentation of endogenous HSP70 in high-cholesterol diet fed zebrafish activated LXR and its target mRNAs and reduced cholesterol storage at the whole organism level. Conclusion These data demonstrate that HSP70 exerts a cholesterol lowering effect in primary human cells and animals and uncover a nuclear action of HSP70 in mediating cross-talk between HSP and LXR transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Gungor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Vanharanta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Hölttä-Vuori
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Pirhonen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Silvia Gramolelli
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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