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Ermencheva P, Kotov G, Shumnalieva R, Velikova T, Monov S. Exploring the Role of the Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Critical Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1387. [PMID: 39065155 PMCID: PMC11278530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by synovial joint inflammation with subsequent destruction as well as systemic manifestation, leading to impaired mobility and impaired quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of RA is still unknown, with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors (incl. tobacco smoking) contributing to disease susceptibility. The link between genetic factors like "shared epitope alleles" and the development of RA is well known. However, why only some carriers have a break in self-tolerance and develop autoimmunity still needs to be clarified. The presence of autoantibodies in patients' serum months to years prior to the onset of clinical manifestations of RA has moved the focus to possible epigenetic factors, including environmental triggers that could contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory reaction in RA. Over the past several years, the role of microorganisms at mucosal sites (i.e., microbiome) has emerged as an essential mediator of inflammation in RA. An increasing number of studies have revealed the microbial role in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Interaction between the host immune system and microbiota initiates loss of immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. The alteration in microbiome composition, the so-called dysbiosis, is associated with an increasing number of diseases. Immune dysfunction caused by dysbiosis triggers and sustains chronic inflammation. This review aims to provide a critical summary of the literature findings related to the hypothesis of a reciprocal relation between the microbiome and the immune system. Available data from studies reveal the pivotal role of the microbiome in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamena Ermencheva
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital ‘St. Ivan Rilski’, 13 Urvich Str., 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.E.); (G.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Georgi Kotov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital ‘St. Ivan Rilski’, 13 Urvich Str., 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.E.); (G.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Russka Shumnalieva
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital ‘St. Ivan Rilski’, 13 Urvich Str., 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.E.); (G.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Sofia, 13 Urvich Str., 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Kozyak 1, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Kozyak 1, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simeon Monov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital ‘St. Ivan Rilski’, 13 Urvich Str., 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.E.); (G.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Sofia, 13 Urvich Str., 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Pérez-Pérez ME, Nieto-Torres E, Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Delgadillo-Ruíz L. Protein Citrullination by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase/Arginine Deiminase Homologs in Members of the Human Microbiota and Its Recognition by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5192. [PMID: 38791230 PMCID: PMC11121387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome exists throughout the body, and it is essential for maintaining various physiological processes, including immunity, and dysbiotic events, which are associated with autoimmunity. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes can citrullinate self-proteins related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that induce the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and lead to inflammation and joint damage. The present investigation was carried out to demonstrate the expression of homologs of PADs or arginine deiminases (ADs) and citrullinated proteins in members of the human microbiota. To achieve the objective, we used 17 microbial strains and specific polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) of the synthetic peptide derived from residues 100-200 of human PAD2 (anti-PAD2 pAb), and the recombinant fragment of amino acids 326 and 611 of human PAD4 (anti-PAD4 pAb), a human anti-citrulline pAb, and affinity ACPAs of an RA patient. Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), elution, and a test with Griess reagent were used. This is a cross-sectional case-control study on patients diagnosed with RA and control subjects. Inferential statistics were applied using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test generated in the SPSS program. Some members of phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria harbor homologs of PADs/ADs and citrullinated antigens that are reactive to the ACPAs of RA patients. Microbial citrullinome and homolog enzymes of PADs/ADs are extensive in the human microbiome and are involved in the production of ACPAs. Our findings suggest a molecular link between microorganisms of a dysbiotic microbiota and RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Elena Pérez-Pérez
- PhD in Basic Science with Biological Orientation, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico; (M.-E.P.-P.); (L.D.-R.)
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zacatecas 98615, Mexico
| | - Enrique Nieto-Torres
- Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico;
| | - Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia
- PhD in Basic Science with Biological Orientation, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico; (M.-E.P.-P.); (L.D.-R.)
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zacatecas 98615, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruíz
- PhD in Basic Science with Biological Orientation, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico; (M.-E.P.-P.); (L.D.-R.)
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Russo E, Bellando-Randone S, Carboni D, Fioretto BS, Romano E, Baldi S, El Aoufy K, Ramazzotti M, Rosa I, Lepri G, Di Gloria L, Pallecchi M, Bruni C, Melchiorre D, Guiducci S, Manetti M, Bartolucci GL, Matucci-Cerinic M, Amedei A. The differential crosstalk of the skin-gut microbiome axis as a new emerging actor in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:226-234. [PMID: 37154625 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We characterized the microbiota in SSc, focusing on the skin-oral-gut axis and the serum and faecal free fatty acid (FFA) profile. METHODS Twenty-five SSc patients with ACA or anti-Scl70 autoantibodies were enrolled. The microbiota of faecal, saliva and superficial epidermal samples was assessed through next-generation sequencing analysis. GC-MS was used to quantify faecal and serum FFAs. Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument (UCLA GIT-2.0) questionnaire. RESULTS The ACA+ and anti-Scl70+ groups displayed different cutaneous and faecal microbiota profiles. The classes of cutaneous Sphingobacteriia and Alphaproteobacteria, the faecal phylum Lentisphaerae, the levels of the classes Lentisphaeria and Opitutae, and the genus NA-Acidaminococcaceae were significantly higher in faecal samples from the ACA+ patients than in samples from the anti-Scl70+ patients. The cutaneous Sphingobacteria and the faecal Lentisphaerae were significantly correlated (rho = 0.42; P = 0.03). A significant increase in faecal propionic acid was observed in ACA+ patients. Moreover, all levels of faecal medium-chain FFAs and hexanoic acids were significantly higher in the ACA+ group than in the anti-Scl70+ group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the ACA+ group, the analysis of the serum FFA levels showed an increasing trend in valeric acid. CONCLUSION Different microbiota signatures and FFA profiles were found for the two groups of patients. Despite being in different body districts, the cutaneous Sphingobacteria and faecal Lentisphaerae appear interdependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Carboni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Khadija El Aoufy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Science "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Science "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Melchiorre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lamacchia C, Aymon R, Hattel BC, Aeby S, Kebbi-Beghdadi C C, Gilbert B, Studer O, Norris JM, Nolers MV, Demoruelle MK, Feser ML, Moss L, Courvoisier DS, Lauper K, Deane KD, Greub G G, Finckh A. A potential role for chlamydial infection in rheumatoid arthritis development. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023:kead682. [PMID: 38092030 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between self-reported and serologic evidence of prior chlamydial infection, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoantibodies and risk of RA-development. METHODS This is a nested study within a prospective Swiss-based cohort including all first-degree relatives of RA patients (RA-FDR) who answered a question on past chlamydial infections. Primary outcome was systemic autoimmunity associated with RA (RA-autoimmunity) defined as positivity for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and/or rheumatoid factor (RF). Secondary outcomes were high levels of RA-autoimmunity, RA-associated symptoms and RA-autoimmunity, and subsequent seropositive RA diagnosis. We conducted a nested case-control analysis by measuring the serological status against Chlamydia trachomatis' major outer membrane protein. We replicated our analysis in an independent United States-based RA-FDR cohort. RESULTS Among 1231 RA-FDRs, 168 (13.6%) developed RA-autoimmunity. Prevalence of self-reported chlamydial infection was significantly higher in individuals with RA-autoimmunity compared with controls (17.9% vs 9.8%, OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.27-3.09, p < 0.01). This association remained significant after adjustments (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.20-2.95). Stronger effect sizes were observed in later stages of RA development. There was a similar trend between a positive C. trachomatis serology and high levels of RA-autoimmunity (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.10-8.46, p= 0.032). In the replication cohort, there were significant associations between chlamydial infection and RF positivity and incident RA, but not anti-CCP positivity. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported chlamydial infections are associated with elevated RA-autoimmunity in at risk individuals. The differing association of chlamydial infections and ACPA/RF between cohorts will need to be explored in future studies but is consistent with a role of mucosal origin of RA-related autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Lamacchia
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Aymon
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brian C Hattel
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sebastien Aeby
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi C
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Gilbert
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Studer
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jill M Norris
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael V Nolers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Kristen Demoruelle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie L Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - LauraKay Moss
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Lauper
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gilbert Greub G
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research (GCIR), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Svačina MKR, Sprenger-Svačina A, Tsakmaklis A, Rüb AM, Klein I, Wüstenberg H, Fink GR, Lehmann HC, Vehreschild MJGT, Farowski F. The gut microbiome in intravenous immunoglobulin-treated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3551-3556. [PMID: 36651357 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The gut microbiome is involved in autoimmunity. Data on its composition in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), the most common chronic autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves, are currently lacking. METHODS In this monocentric exploratory pilot study, stool samples were prospectively collected from 16 CIDP patients (mean age 58 ± 10 years, 25% female) before and 1 week after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Gut microbiota were analyzed via bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared to 15 age-matched healthy subjects (mean age 59 ± 15 years, 66% female). RESULTS The gut microbiota of CIDP patients showed an increased alpha-diversity (p = 0.005) and enrichment of Firmicutes, such as Blautia (p = 0.0004), Eubacterium hallii (p = 0.0004), or Ruminococcus torques (p = 0.03), and of Actinobacteriota (p = 0.03) compared to healthy subjects. IVIg administration did not alter the gut microbiome composition in CIDP in this short-term observation (p = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome in IVIg-treated CIDP shows distinct features, with increased bacterial diversity and enrichment of short-chain fatty acid producing Firmicutes. IVIg had no short-term impact on the gut microbiome in CIDP patients. As the main limitation of this exploratory pilot study was small cohort size, future studies also including therapy-naïve patients are warranted to verify our findings and to explore the impact of long-term IVIg treatment on the gut microbiome in CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K R Svačina
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina Sprenger-Svačina
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaklis
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina M Rüb
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Klein
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Wüstenberg
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fedja Farowski
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Braunschweig, Germany
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Batsalova T, Teneva I, Bardarov K, Moten D, Dzhambazov B. Anticitrullinated antibodies recognize rheumatoid arthritis associated T-cell epitopes modified by bacterial L-asparaginase. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:174-188. [PMID: 37901867 PMCID: PMC10604640 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.131455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullinated proteins and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been suggested that during inflammation or dysbiosis, bacteria could initiate production of ACPAs. Most patients with RA are seropositive for ACPAs, but these antibodies have overlapping reactivity to different posttranslational modifications (PTMs). For initiation and development of RA, T lymphocytes and T cell epitopes are still required. In this study, we evaluated the ability of bacterial L-asparaginase to modify RA-related T cell epitopes within type II collagen (CII259-273 and CII311-325), as well as whether these modified epitopes are recognized by ACPAs from RA patients. We included 12 patients with early RA and 11 healthy subjects selected according to predefined specific criteria. LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that the bacterial L-asparaginase can modify investigated T cell epitopes. ELISA tests showed cross-reactivity of ACPA positive sera from early RA patients towards the enzymatically modified immunodominant T cell epitopes within type II collagen (CII), but not to the modified irrelevant peptides. These data suggest that the cross-reactive ACPAs recognize the "carbonyl-Gly-Pro" motif in CII. Moreover, the T cell recognition of the modified major immunodominant T cell epitope Gal264-CII259-273 was not affected. This epitope was still able to activate autoreactive T cells from early RA patients. It is likely that such modifications are the missing link between the T cell priming and the development of anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPAs). Our results provide additional information on the etiology and pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanka Teneva
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Dzhemal Moten
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Kummola L, González-Rodríguez MI, Marnila P, Nurminen N, Salomaa T, Hiihtola L, Mäkelä I, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A, Junttila IS. Comparison of the effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved live soil exposure on the mouse immune system : Effect of soil exposure on immune system. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:29. [PMID: 37689649 PMCID: PMC10492337 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Lack of exposure to the natural microbial diversity of the environment has been linked to dysregulation of the immune system and numerous noncommunicable diseases, such as allergies and autoimmune disorders. Our previous studies suggest that contact with soil material, rich in naturally occurring microbes, could have a beneficial immunoregulatory impact on the immune system in mice and humans. However, differences in the immunomodulatory properties of autoclaved, sterile soil material and non-autoclaved, live soil material have not been compared earlier. RESULTS . In this study, we exposed C57BL/6 mice to autoclaved and live soil powders that had the same rich microbiota before autoclaving. We studied the effect of the soil powders on the mouse immune system by analyzing different immune cell populations, gene expression in the gut, mesenteric lymph nodes and lung, and serum cytokines. Both autoclaved and live soil exposure were associated with changes in the immune system. The exposure to autoclaved soil resulted in higher levels of Rorγt, Inos and Foxp3 expression in the colon. The exposure to live soil was associated with elevated IFN-γ concentration in the serum. In the mesenteric lymph node, exposure to live soil reduced Gata3 and Foxp3 expression, increased the percentage of CD8 + T cells and the expression of activation marker CD80 in XCR1+SIRPα- migratory conventional dendritic cell 1 subset. CONCLUSIONS . Our results indicate that exposure to the live and autoclaved soil powders is not toxic for mice. Exposure to live soil powder slightly skews the immune system towards type 1 direction which might be beneficial for inhibiting type 2-related inflammation. Further studies are warranted to quantify the impact of this exposure in experimental type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | | | - Pertti Marnila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo-Building, Rm F326, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Lotta Hiihtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo-Building, Rm F326, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Iida Mäkelä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ilkka S Junttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo-Building, Rm F326, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre (NordLab), Oulu, 90220, Finland.
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland.
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8
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Martinsson K, Di Matteo A, Öhman C, Johansson A, Svärd A, Mankia K, Emery P, Kastbom A. Antibodies to leukotoxin A from the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients at an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176165. [PMID: 37601773 PMCID: PMC10435988 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis and underlying bacteria have been linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One suggested pathogen is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), which expresses leukotoxin A (LtxA) that can citrullinate human proteins, providing a possible trigger for the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). In this study, we seek to determine the presence of antibodies toward LtxA in patients at risk of developing RA. Methods Two prospective observational patient cohorts (one Swedish and one British) with symptomatic at-risk patients were studied. Anti-LtxA antibodies were analyzed by a cell-based neutralization assay in baseline serum and compared to 100 Swedish blood donors that served as controls. Results Serum anti-LtxA levels or positivity did not differ between patients and blood donors. In the British cohort, anti-LtxA was more prevalent among ACPA-positive arthralgia patients compared with ACPA-negative arthralgia cases (24% vs. 13%, p < 0.0001). In the Swedish at-risk cohort, anti-LtxA positive patients were at increased risk of progression to arthritis (hazard ratio (HR) 2.10, 95% CI 1.04-4.20), but this was not confirmed in the UK at-risk cohort (HR 0.99, CI 0.60-1.65). Conclusion Serum anti-LtxA is not elevated before RA diagnosis, and associations with disease progression and ACPA levels differ between populations. Other features of the oral microbiome should be explored in upcoming periodontitis-related RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Martinsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrea Di Matteo
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, LTHT and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Öhman
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Svärd
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, LTHT and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, LTHT and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alf Kastbom
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Hascoët E, Blanchard F, Blin-Wakkach C, Guicheux J, Lesclous P, Cloitre A. New insights into inflammatory osteoclast precursors as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Bone Res 2023; 11:26. [PMID: 37217496 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone resorption. Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health challenge. Both diseases share immunopathogenic similarities and a common inflammatory environment. The autoimmune response or periodontal infection stimulates certain immune actors, leading in both cases to chronic inflammation that perpetuates bone resorption. Moreover, RA and periodontitis have a strong epidemiological association that could be explained by periodontal microbial dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is believed to be involved in the initiation of RA via three mechanisms. (i) The dissemination of periodontal pathogens triggers systemic inflammation. (ii) Periodontal pathogens can induce the generation of citrullinated neoepitopes, leading to the generation of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies. (iii) Intracellular danger-associated molecular patterns accelerate local and systemic inflammation. Therefore, periodontal dysbiosis could promote or sustain bone resorption in distant inflamed joints. Interestingly, in inflammatory conditions, the existence of osteoclasts distinct from "classical osteoclasts" has recently been reported. They have proinflammatory origins and functions. Several populations of osteoclast precursors have been described in RA, such as classical monocytes, a dendritic cell subtype, and arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages. The aim of this review is to synthesize knowledge on osteoclasts and their precursors in inflammatory conditions, especially in RA and periodontitis. Special attention will be given to recent data related to RA that could be of potential value in periodontitis due to the immunopathogenic similarities between the two diseases. Improving our understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms should lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets involved in the pathological inflammatory bone resorption associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hascoët
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Philippe Lesclous
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Cloitre
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000, Nantes, France
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10
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Tsetseri MN, Silman AJ, Keene DJ, Dakin SG. The role of the microbiome in rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad034. [PMID: 38606003 PMCID: PMC11007908 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The close bidirectional relationship between the microbiome and the immune system is well supported, and a role of gut dysbiosis has been implied in many systemic autoimmune diseases. This review aims to provide a critical summary and appraisal of 6 murine studies and 16 clinical studies. The findings of the literature review suggest that gut dysbiosis precedes arthritis and that local intestinal inflammation leads to systemic inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals. However, the exact mechanism by which microorganisms provoke immune responses at distal sites remains to be elucidated. Although a characteristic RA microbiome was not identified, there were some common findings among studies: overabundance of Prevotella copri in early RA patients, and proliferation of the genus Collinsela and some Lactobacillus species. Three mechanisms by which microbiota might contribute to RA pathogenesis were proposed: inflammatory responses (P. copri and Lactobacillus), molecular mimicry (P. copri) and loss of intestinal barrier integrity (Collinsella). Larger longitudinal studies are required in order to shed light on the mechanisms involved and unravel the therapeutic potential of the microbiome, and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the implied therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Nefeli Tsetseri
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan J Silman
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Keene
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Koh JH, Lee EH, Cha KH, Pan CH, Kim D, Kim WU. Factors associated with the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and its value for predicting treatment responses. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:32. [PMID: 36864473 PMCID: PMC9979421 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the gut microbiota of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have been managed with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for a long time. We focused on factors that might affect composition of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we investigated whether gut microbiota composition predicts future clinical responses to conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) in patients with an insufficient response to initial therapy. METHODS We recruited 94 patients with RA and 30 healthy participants. Fecal gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplificon sequencing; the resulting raw reads were processed based on QIIME2. Calypso online software was used for data visualization and to compare microbial composition between groups. For RA patients with moderate-to-high disease activity, treatment was changed after stool collection, and responses were observed 6 months later. RESULTS The composition of the gut microbiota in patients with established RA was different from that of healthy participants. Young RA patients (< 45 years) had reduced richness, evenness, and distinct gut microbial compositions when compared with older RA patients and healthy individuals. Disease activity and rheumatoid factor levels were not associated with microbiome composition. Overall, biological DMARDs and csDMARDs, except sulfasalazine and TNF inhibitors, respectively, were not associated with the gut microbial composition in patients with established RA. However, the combination of Subdoligranulum and Fusicatenibacter genera was associated with a future good response to second-line csDMARDs in patients who showed an insufficient response to first-line csDMARDs. CONCLUSION Gut microbial composition in patients with established RA is different from that in healthy individuals. Thus, the gut microbiome has the potential to predict responses of some RA patients to csDMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Cheng C, Xue Q, Wang X, Chang J, Miao C. Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule inhibits RA pathology by binding FZD8 and further inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115886. [PMID: 36336221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule (HQC) is a Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is made from dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, dry mature seeds of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, dry and mature seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa Oliv., dry mature seeds of Amygdalus persica L. and roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis Osbeck in the proportion of 10:9:30:5:10. HQC has a significant effect in clinical treatment of RA, which can inhibit RA inflammation, improve oxidative stress state, and effectively relieve symptoms of RA patients. AIM OF THE STUDY The anti-arthritis effect of HQC and its mechanism, especially whether it improves RA through FZD8-Wnt/β-catenin signal axis, were studied using adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and FLS from RA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real time qPCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), confocal microscopy and other molecular biological methods were used to study the anti-RA effect of HQC and its mechanism. RESULTS The expression of FZD8 was significantly up-regulated in synovium and FLS of AA rats and RA FLS. FZD8 significantly activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoted abnormal proliferation of FLS, increased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, and significantly increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and fibronectin. HQC has significant therapeutic effect on AA rats. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed that HQC had a good binding ability with FZD8. We also confirmed that HQC inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding FZD8, and reduced the levels of the above inflammatory factors and pathological genes of RA. CONCLUSIONS The expression of FZD8 is significantly increased in AA rats and FLS from RA patients. Clarify that HQC improves RA through the FZD8-Wnt/β-catenin signal axis, provide a clear therapeutic mechanism for HQC to improve RA, and also provide a basis for clinical promotion of HQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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13
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Fearon U, Hanlon MM, Floudas A, Veale DJ. Cellular metabolic adaptations in rheumatoid arthritis and their therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:398-414. [PMID: 35440762 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of endothelium and immune cells is fundamental to the initiation of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it results in trans-endothelial cell migration and synovial fibroblast proliferation, leading to joint destruction. In RA, the synovial microvasculature is highly dysregulated, resulting in inefficient oxygen perfusion to the synovium, which, along with the high metabolic demands of activated immune and stromal cells, leads to a profoundly hypoxic microenvironment. In inflamed joints, infiltrating immune cells and synovial resident cells have great requirements for energy and nutrients, and they adapt their metabolic profiles to generate sufficient energy to support their highly activated inflammatory states. This shift in metabolic capacity of synovial cells enables them to produce the essential building blocks to support their proliferation, activation and invasiveness. Furthermore, it results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates and alteration of redox-sensitive pathways, affecting signalling pathways that further potentiate the inflammatory response. Importantly, the inflamed synovium is a multicellular tissue, with cells differing in their metabolic requirements depending on complex cell-cell interactions, nutrient supply, metabolic intermediates and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, understanding the complex interplay between metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial cells in RA will provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland. .,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Megan M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Advances in Experimental Research About Periodontitis: Lessons from the Past, Ideas for the Future. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:1-15. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Dysbiosis, gut-blood barrier rupture and autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia. Reumatologia 2021; 59:180-187. [PMID: 34538945 PMCID: PMC8436801 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2021.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of chronic autoimmune diseases is elusive both in somatic medicine and psychiatry. Examples of such conditions are rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenic disorders. Immune disturbances occur in both diseases, but it is difficult to combine them into a meaningful pathogenetic model. The immunological hypothesis of schizophrenia is based on non-specific changes in the cytokine system and exponents of chronic inflammation in some patients. In rheumatoid arthritis the cytokine network is much better known than in schizophrenia, and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor or Janus kinases became a target of treatment. Microbiome dysbiosis and disturbances of the blood–gut barrier may be a new hypothesis of the pathogenesis of somatic and psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this narrative review was to show, using the example of two chronic diseases – rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenic disorders – that disturbances in the blood barrier of the intestine can be a common mechanism of somatic and mental disorders. The paper presents the current state of knowledge on the hypothetical relationship between microbiome dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, in the light of discoveries regarding the microbiome–gut–brain axis the immunological model of rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia formation may gain importance and contribute to the creation of new strategies for causal treatment of these still incurable diseases.
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16
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Wang X, Chang J, Zhou G, Cheng C, Xiong Y, Dou J, Cheng G, Miao C. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Through the CUL4B/Wnt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750233. [PMID: 34512369 PMCID: PMC8430027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still not fully clarified, and the development of therapeutic drugs for RA is particularly urgent. Our group studies a possibility that circ_ 0015756/miR-942-5p may participate in the pathogenesis of RA through disordered Cullin 4B (CUL4B) and the traditional Chinese medicine compound Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule (HQC) may inhibit the pathogenesis of RA through the CUL4B/Wnt pathway. Data showed that the expression of circ_0015756 increased not only in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA, but also in synovium and FLS of CIA mice, and the expression of miR-942-5p decreased. Abnormal circ_0015756 up-regulated the CUL4B expression and activated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of miR-942-5p. Circ_0015756 participated in the pathogenesis of RA and promoted the abnormal proliferation of FLS. Further, circ_0015756 activated the secretion of IL-1 and IL-8 and promoted the production of RA pathological gene MMP3 and fibronectin. Further analysis showed that HQC inhibited the pathogenesis of RA through the CUL4B/Wnt pathway, and the specific target was CUL4B. HQC interfered with the effects of circ_0015756 on the pathogenesis of RA by inhibiting the CUL4B, showing a good therapeutic effect on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, China
| | - Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Youyi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, China
| | - Gen Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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17
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Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239067. [PMID: 33260629 PMCID: PMC7731249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the joints, and closely related to specific autoantibodies that mostly target modified self-epitopes. Relevant findings in the field of RA pathogenesis have been described. In particular, new insights come from studies on synovial fibroblasts and cells belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system, which documented the aberrant production of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and NETosis, along with relevant alterations of the genome and on the regulatory epigenetic mechanisms. In recent years, the advances in the understanding of RA pathogenesis by identifying key cells and cytokines allowed the development of new targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). These drugs considerably improved treatment outcomes for the majority of patients. Moreover, numerous studies demonstrated that the pharmacological therapy with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) promotes, in parallel to their clinical efficacy, significant improvement in all these altered molecular mechanisms. Thus, continuous updating of the knowledge of molecular processes associated with the pathogenesis of RA, and on the specific effects of bDMARDs in the correction of their dysregulation, are essential in the early and correct approach to the treatment of this complex autoimmune disorder. The present review details basic mechanisms related to the physiopathology of RA, along with the core mechanisms of response to bDMARDs.
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