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Terhune E, Heyn P, Piper C, Wethey C, Monley A, Cuevas M, Hadley Miller N. Association between genetic polymorphisms and risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in case-control studies: a systematic review. J Med Genet 2024; 61:196-206. [PMID: 37696603 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a structural lateral spinal curvature of ≥10° with rotation. Approximately 2%-3% of children across populations are affected with AIS, and this condition is responsible for ~$3 billion in costs within the USA. Although AIS is believed to have a strong genetic contribution, clinical translation of identified genetic variants has stalled. METHODS The databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Google Scholar and Ovid MEDLINE were searched and limited to articles in English. Title and abstract, full-text and data extraction screening was conducted through Covidence, followed by data transfer to a custom REDCap database. Studies containing variant-level data using genome-wide methodology as well as validation studies of genome-wide methods were considered. Quality assessment was conducted using Q-Genie. RESULTS 33 studies were included, including 9 genome-wide association studies, 4 whole exome sequencing and 20 validation studies. Combined, these studies included data from >35,000 cases and >67,000 controls, not including validation cohorts. Additionally, results from six meta-analyses containing novel cohorts were also reported. All included study cohorts were from populations of primarily East Asian or Caucasian descent. Quality assessment found that overall study quality was high and control group selection was moderate. The highest number of reported associations were in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near LBX1, LBX1-AS1, GPR126/ADGRG6 or BNC2. CONCLUSION AIS risk may be influenced by specific SNPs, particularly those in/near LBX1 and GPR126. Translatability of study findings is unknown due to an underrepresentation of most ethnic groups as well as few identified genome-wide studies. Further studies may benefit from increased cohort diversity and thorough evaluation of control cohort groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Patricia Heyn
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christi Piper
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cambria Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Jiang X, Liu F, Zhang M, Hu W, Zhao Y, Xia B, Xu K. Advances in genetic factors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a bibliometric analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1301137. [PMID: 38322243 PMCID: PMC10845672 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study offers a bibliometric analysis of the current situation, hotspots, and cutting-edge domains of genetic factors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods All publications related to genetic factors of AIS from January 1, 1992, to February 28, 2023, were searched from the Web of Science. CiteSpace software was employed for bibliometric analysis, collecting information about countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords of each article. Results A cumulative number of 308 articles have been ascertained. Since 2006, publications relating to genetic factors of AIS have significantly increased. China leads in both productivity and influence in this area, with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences being the most productive institution. The most prolific scholars in this field are Y. Qiu and Z. Z. Zhu. The publications that contributed the most were from Spine and European Spine Journal. The most prominent keywords in the genetic factors of AIS were "fibrillin gene", "menarche", "calmodulin", "estrogen receptor gene", "linkage analysis", "disc degeneration", "bone mineral density", "melatonin signaling dysfunction", "collagen gene", "mesenchymal stem cell", "LBX1", "promoter polymorphism", "Bone formation", "cerebrospinal fluid flow" and "extracellular matrix". Conclusion This analysis provides the frontiers and trends of genetic factors in AIS, including relevant research, partners, institutions and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuyun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Ushiki A, Sheng RR, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Nobuhara M, Murray E, Ruan X, Rios JJ, Wise CA, Ahituv N. Deletion of Pax1 scoliosis-associated regulatory elements leads to a female-biased tail abnormality. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536497. [PMID: 37090618 PMCID: PMC10120660 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a sideways curvature of the spine, is sexually dimorphic, with increased incidence in females. A GWAS identified a female-specific AIS susceptibility locus near the PAX1 gene. Here, we used mouse enhancer assays, three mouse enhancer knockouts and subsequent phenotypic analyses to characterize this region. Using mouse enhancer assays, we characterized a sequence, PEC7, that overlaps the AIS-associated variant, and found it to be active in the tail tip and intervertebral disc. Removal of PEC7 or Xe1, a known sclerotome enhancer nearby, and deletion of both sequences led to a kinky phenotype only in the Xe1 and combined (Xe1+PEC7) knockouts, with only the latter showing a female sex dimorphic phenotype. Extensive phenotypic characterization of these mouse lines implicated several differentially expressed genes and estrogen signaling in the sex dimorphic bias. In summary, our work functionally characterizes an AIS-associated locus and dissects the mechanism for its sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ushiki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rory R. Sheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mai Nobuhara
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xin Ruan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Chrystal PW, Lambacher NJ, Doucette LP, Bellingham J, Schiff ER, Noel NCL, Li C, Tsiropoulou S, Casey GA, Zhai Y, Nadolski NJ, Majumder MH, Tagoe J, D'Esposito F, Cordeiro MF, Downes S, Clayton-Smith J, Ellingford J, Mahroo OA, Hocking JC, Cheetham ME, Webster AR, Jansen G, Blacque OE, Allison WT, Au PYB, MacDonald IM, Arno G, Leroux MR. The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6595. [PMID: 36329026 PMCID: PMC9633640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish, cfap20 is required for motile cilia function, and in C. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish with CFAP20 mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Chrystal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Nils J Lambacher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lance P Doucette
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Elena R Schiff
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nicole C L Noel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sofia Tsiropoulou
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey A Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan J Nadolski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed H Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Tagoe
- Lethbridge Outreach Genetics Service, Alberta Health Services, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Fabiana D'Esposito
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- ICORG, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Susan Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jennifer C Hocking
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gert Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Ping Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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5
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Xie H, Li M, Kang Y, Zhang J, Zhao C. Zebrafish: an important model for understanding scoliosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:506. [PMID: 36059018 PMCID: PMC9441191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scoliosis is a common spinal deformity that considerably affects the physical and psychological health of patients. Studies have shown that genetic factors play an important role in scoliosis. However, its etiopathogenesis remain unclear, partially because of the genetic heterogeneity of scoliosis and the lack of appropriate model systems. Recently, the development of efficient gene editing methods and high-throughput sequencing technology has made it possible to explore the underlying pathological mechanisms of scoliosis. Owing to their susceptibility for developing scoliosis and high genetic homology with human, zebrafish are increasingly being used as a model for scoliosis in developmental biology, genetics, and clinical medicine. Here, we summarize the recent advances in scoliosis research on zebrafish and discuss the prospects of using zebrafish as a scoliosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Sars-Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Sars-Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China. .,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Sars-Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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6
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Meyer-Miner A, Van Gennip JL, Henke K, Harris MP, Ciruna B. using a new katnb1 scoliosis model. iScience 2022; 25:105028. [PMID: 36105588 PMCID: PMC9464966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Meyer-Miner
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jenica L.M. Van Gennip
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Corresponding author
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7
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Garg B, Tomar N, Biswas A, Mehta N, Malhotra R. Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders Through Next-Generation Sequencing. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202204000-00001. [PMID: 35383688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» An insight into musculoskeletal disorders through advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises to maximize benefits and improve outcomes through improved genetic diagnosis. » The primary use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for musculoskeletal disorders is to identify functionally relevant variants. » The current evidence has shown the superiority of NGS over conventional genotyping for identifying novel and rare genetic variants in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, due to its high throughput and low cost. » Genes identified in patients with scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta using NGS technologies are listed for further reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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8
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Wang Y, Troutwine BR, Zhang H, Gray RS. The axonemal dynein heavy chain 10 gene is essential for monocilia motility and spine alignment in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2022; 482:82-90. [PMID: 34915022 PMCID: PMC8792996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common pediatric musculoskeletal disorder worldwide, characterized by atypical spine curvatures in otherwise healthy children. Human genetic studies have identified candidate genes associated with AIS, however, only a few of these have been shown to recapitulate adult-viable scoliosis in animal models. Using an F0 CRISPR screening approach in zebrafish, we demonstrate that disruption of the dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 (dnah10) gene results in recessive adult-viable scoliosis in zebrafish. Using a stably segregating dnah10 mutant zebrafish, we showed that the ependymal monocilia lining the hindbrain and spinal canal displayed reduced beat frequency, which was correlated with the disassembly of the Reissner fiber and the onset of body curvatures. Taken together, these results suggest that monocilia function in larval zebrafish contributes to the polymerization of the Reissner fiber and straightening of the body axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Nutritional Sciences, 200 W 24th Street, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin R Troutwine
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 200 W 24th Street, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 200 W 24th Street, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Muñoz-Montecinos C, Romero A, Sepúlveda V, Vira MÁ, Fehrmann-Cartes K, Marcellini S, Aguilera F, Caprile T, Fuentes R. Turning the Curve Into Straight: Phenogenetics of the Spine Morphology and Coordinate Maintenance in the Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801652. [PMID: 35155449 PMCID: PMC8826430 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column, or spine, provides mechanical support and determines body axis posture and motion. The most common malformation altering spine morphology and function is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a three-dimensional spinal deformity that affects approximately 4% of the population worldwide. Due to AIS genetic heterogenicity and the lack of suitable animal models for its study, the etiology of this condition remains unclear, thus limiting treatment options. We here review current advances in zebrafish phenogenetics concerning AIS-like models and highlight the recently discovered biological processes leading to spine malformations. First, we focus on gene functions and phenotypes controlling critical aspects of postembryonic aspects that prime in spine architecture development and straightening. Second, we summarize how primary cilia assembly and biomechanical stimulus transduction, cerebrospinal fluid components and flow driven by motile cilia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AIS-like phenotypes. Third, we highlight the inflammatory responses associated with scoliosis. We finally discuss recent innovations and methodologies for morphometrically characterize and analyze the zebrafish spine. Ongoing phenotyping projects are expected to identify novel and unprecedented postembryonic gene functions controlling spine morphology and mutant models of AIS. Importantly, imaging and gene editing technologies are allowing deep phenotyping studies in the zebrafish, opening new experimental paradigms in the morphometric and three-dimensional assessment of spinal malformations. In the future, fully elucidating the phenogenetic underpinnings of AIS etiology in zebrafish and humans will undoubtedly lead to innovative pharmacological treatments against spinal deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Muñoz-Montecinos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Adrián Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Ángela Vira
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karen Fehrmann-Cartes
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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10
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Lv X, Xu J, Jiang J, Wu P, Tan R, Wang B. Genetic animal models of scoliosis: A systematical review. Bone 2021; 152:116075. [PMID: 34174503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scoliosis is a complex disease with undetermined pathogenesis and has a strong relationship with genetics. Models of scoliosis in animals have been established for better comprehending its pathogenesis and treatment. In this review, we searched all the genetic animal models with body curvature in databases, and reviewed the related genes and scoliosis types. Meanwhile, we also summarized the pathogenesis of scoliosis reported so far. Summarizing the positive phenotypic animal models contributes to a better understanding on the pathogenesis of scoliosis and facilitates the selection of experimental models when a possible pathogenic factor is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajiong Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Renchun Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Fishy Tales of Crooked Spines. Trends Genet 2021; 37:612-615. [PMID: 33858671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common skeletal disorder, characterized by abnormal spine curvatures. In zebrafish, cilia-driven cerebrospinal fluid flow and urotensin II pathway activity are required for proper spine morphogenesis. Genetic studies with AIS patients now establish a conservation of the zebrafish findings in the etiology of the disease.
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Marie-Hardy L, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Pietton R, Slimani L, Pascal-Moussellard H. The orthopedic characterization of cfap298 tm304 mutants validate zebrafish to faithfully model human AIS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7392. [PMID: 33795825 PMCID: PMC8016992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation relies on the beating of motile cilia projecting in the lumen of the brain and spinal cord cavities Mutations in genes involved in cilia motility disturb cerebrospinal fluid circulation and result in scoliosis-like deformities of the spine in juvenile zebrafish. However, these defects in spine alignment have not been validated with clinical criteria used to diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to describe, using orthopaedic criteria the spinal deformities of a zebrafish mutant model of AIS targeting a gene involved in cilia polarity and motility, cfap298tm304. The zebrafish mutant line cfap298tm304, exhibiting alteration of CSF flow due to defective cilia motility, was raised to the juvenile stage. The analysis of mutant animals was based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), which was conducted in a QUANTUM FX CALIPER, with a 59 µm-30 mm protocol. 63% of the cfap298tm304 zebrafish analyzed presented a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, that was evolutive during the juvenile phase, more frequent in females, with a right convexity, a rotational component and involving at least one dislocation. We confirm here that cfap298tm304 scoliotic individuals display a typical AIS phenotype, with orthopedic criteria mirroring patient's diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie-Hardy
- Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Teaching Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Pietton
- Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Teaching Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lotfi Slimani
- EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Hugues Pascal-Moussellard
- Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Teaching Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
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