1
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Saffi GT, To L, Kleine N, Melo CMP, Chen K, Genc G, Lee KCD, Chow JTS, Jang GH, Gallinger S, Botelho RJ, Salmena L. INPP4B promotes PDAC aggressiveness via PIKfyve and TRPML-1-mediated lysosomal exocytosis. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401012. [PMID: 39120584 PMCID: PMC11317760 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggressive solid malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), can exploit lysosomal exocytosis to modify the tumor microenvironment, enhance motility, and promote invasiveness. However, the molecular pathways through which lysosomal functions are co-opted in malignant cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase, Type II (INPP4B) overexpression in PDAC is associated with PDAC progression. We show that INPP4B overexpression promotes peripheral dispersion and exocytosis of lysosomes resulting in increased migratory and invasive potential of PDAC cells. Mechanistically, INPP4B overexpression drives the generation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 on lysosomes in a PIKfyve-dependent manner, which directs TRPML-1 to trigger the release of calcium ions (Ca2+). Our findings offer a molecular understanding of the prognostic significance of INPP4B overexpression in PDAC through the discovery of a novel oncogenic signaling axis that orchestrates migratory and invasive properties of PDAC via the regulation of lysosomal phosphoinositide homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam T Saffi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lydia To
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kleine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ché M P Melo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keyue Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gizem Genc
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - K C Daniel Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gun Ho Jang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
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2
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Shubhrasmita Sahu S, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Quantitation of F-actin in cytoskeletal reorganization: Context, methodology and implications. Methods 2024; 230:44-58. [PMID: 39074540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in a large number of cellular signaling events in addition to providing structural integrity to the cell. Actin polymerization is a key event during cellular signaling. Although the role of actin cytoskeleton in cellular processes such as trafficking and motility has been extensively studied, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon signaling has been rarely explored due to lack of suitable assays. Keeping in mind this lacuna, we developed a confocal microscopy based approach that relies on high magnification imaging of cellular F-actin, followed by image reconstruction using commercially available software. In this review, we discuss the context and relevance of actin quantitation, followed by a detailed hands-on approach of the methodology involved with specific points on troubleshooting and useful precautions. In the latter part of the review, we elucidate the method by discussing applications of actin quantitation from our work in several important problems in contemporary membrane biology ranging from pathogen entry into host cells, to GPCR signaling and membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. We envision that future discovery of cell-permeable novel fluorescent probes, in combination with genetically encoded actin-binding reporters, would allow real-time visualization of actin cytoskeleton dynamics to gain deeper insights into active cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Shubhrasmita Sahu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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3
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Pukkanasut P, Jaskula-Sztul R, Gomora JC, Velu SE. Therapeutic targeting of voltage-gated sodium channel Na V1.7 for cancer metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416705. [PMID: 39045054 PMCID: PMC11263763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the expression and function of voltage-gated sodium channel subtype NaV1.7 in various cancers and explores its impact on the metastasis driving cell functions such as proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. An overview of its structural characteristics, drug binding sites, inhibitors and their likely mechanisms of action are presented. Despite the lack of clarity on the precise mechanism by which NaV1.7 contributes to cancer progression and metastasis; many studies have suggested a connection between NaV1.7 and proteins involved in multiple signaling pathways such as PKA and EGF/EGFR-ERK1/2. Moreover, the functional activity of NaV1.7 appears to elevate the expression levels of MACC1 and NHE-1, which are controlled by p38 MAPK activity, HGF/c-MET signaling and c-Jun activity. This cascade potentially enhances the secretion of extracellular matrix proteases, such as MMPs which play critical roles in cell migration and invasion activities. Furthermore, the NaV1.7 activity may indirectly upregulate Rho GTPases Rac activity, which is critical for cytoskeleton reorganization, cell adhesion, and actin polymerization. The relationship between NaV1.7 and cancer progression has prompted researchers to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting NaV1.7 using inhibitors. The positive outcome of such studies resulted in the discovery of several inhibitors with the ability to reduce cancer cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth underscoring the significance of NaV1.7 as a promising pharmacological target for attenuating cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The research findings summarized in this review suggest that the regulation of NaV1.7 expression and function by small molecules and/or by genetic engineering is a viable approach to discover novel therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of metastasis of cancers with elevated NaV1.7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyasuda Pukkanasut
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Gomora
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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4
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Oswalia J, Singh S, Gautam V, Arya R. Altered autophagic flux in GNE mutant cells of Indian origin: Potential drug target for GNE myopathy. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114118. [PMID: 38852763 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy phenomenon in the cell maintains proteostasis balance by eliminating damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Imbalance in autophagic flux may cause accumulation of protein aggregates in various neurodegenerative disorders. Regulation of autophagy by either calcium or chaperone play a key role in the removal of protein aggregates from the cell. The neuromuscular rare genetic disorder, GNE Myopathy, is characterized by accumulation of rimmed vacuoles having protein aggregates of β-amyloid and tau that may result from altered autophagic flux. In the present study, the autophagic flux was deciphered in HEK cell-based model for GNE Myopathy harbouring GNE mutations of Indian origin. The refolding activity of HSP70 chaperone was found to be reduced in GNE mutant cells compared to wild type controls. The autophagic markers LC3II/I ratio was altered with increased number of autophagosome formation in GNE mutant cells compared to wild type cells. The cytosolic calcium levels were also increased in GNE mutant cells of Indian origin. Interestingly, treatment of GNE mutant cells with HSP70 activator, BGP-15, restored the expression and refolding activity of HSP70 along with autophagosome formation. Treatment with calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM restored the cytoplasmic calcium levels and autophagosome formation but not LC3II/I ratio significantly. Our study provides insights towards GNE mutation specific response for autophagy regulation and opens up a therapeutic advancement area in calcium signalling and HSP70 function for GNE related Myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Oswalia
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Shagun Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Vaishali Gautam
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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5
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Mashangva F, Oswalia J, Singh S, Arya R. Potential small effector molecules restoring cellular defects due to sialic acid biosynthetic enzyme deficiency: Pathological relevance to GNE myopathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116199. [PMID: 38604256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
GNEM (GNE Myopathy) is a rare neuromuscular disease caused due to biallelic mutations in sialic acid biosynthetic GNE enzyme (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine Kinase). Recently direct or indirect role of GNE in other cellular functions have been elucidated. Hyposialylation of IGF-1R leads to apoptosis due to mitochondrial dysfunction while hyposialylation of β1 integrin receptor leads to altered F-actin assembly, disrupted cytoskeletal organization and slow cell migration. Other cellular defects in presence of GNE mutation include altered ER redox state and chaperone expression such as HSP70 or PrdxIV. Currently, there is no cure to treat GNEM. Possible therapeutic trials focus on supplementation with sialic acid, ManNAc, sialyllactose and gene therapy that slows the disease progression. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of small molecules like BGP-15 (HSP70 modulator), IGF-1 (IGF-1R ligand) and CGA (cofilin activator) on cellular phenotypes of GNE heterozygous knock out L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line (SKM‑GNEHz). Treatment with BGP-15 improved GNE epimerase activity by 40 % and reduced ER stress by 45 % for SKM‑GNEHz. Treatment with IGF-1 improved epimerase activity by 37.5 %, F-actin assembly by 100 %, cell migration upto 36 % (36 h) and atrophy by 0.44-fold for SKM‑GNEHz. Treatment with CGA recovered epimerase activity by 49 %, F-actin assembly by 132 % and cell migration upto 41 % (24 h) in SKM‑GNEHz. Our study shows that treatment with these small effector molecules reduces the detrimental phenotype observed in SKM‑GNEHz, thereby, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for GNEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Oswalia
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shagun Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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6
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Huang L, Kondo Y, Cao L, Han J, Li T, Zuo B, Yang F, Li Y, Ma Z, Bai X, Jiang M, Ruan C, Xia L. Novel GNE missense variants impair de novo sialylation and cause defective angiogenesis in the developing brain in mice. Blood Adv 2024; 8:991-1001. [PMID: 38237079 PMCID: PMC10879683 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase (GNE) is a cytosolic enzyme in de novo sialic acid biosynthesis. Congenital deficiency of GNE causes an autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with hereditary inclusion body myopathy and macrothrombocytopenia. Here, we report a pediatric patient with severe macrothrombocytopenia carrying 2 novel GNE missense variants, c.1781G>A (p.Cys594Tyr, hereafter, C594Y) and c.2204C>G (p.Pro735Arg, hereafter, P735R). To investigate the biological significance of these variants in vivo, we generated a mouse model carrying the P735R mutation. Mice with homozygous P735R mutations exhibited cerebral hemorrhages as early as embryonic day 11 (E11), which subsequently progressed to large hemorrhages in the brain and spinal cord, and died between E11.5 and E12.5. Defective angiogenesis such as distended vascular sprouts were found in neural tissues and embryonic megakaryocytes were abnormally accumulated in the perineural vascular plexus in mutant mouse embryos. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments indicated that both C594Y and P735R are loss-of-function mutations with respect to de novo sialic acid biosynthesis. Overall, this study reveals a novel role for GNE-mediated de novo sialic acid biosynthesis in mouse embryonic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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7
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Yu J, Huang J, Ding R, Xu Y, Liu Y. Inhibiting F-Actin Polymerization Impairs the Internalization of Moraxella catarrhalis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:291. [PMID: 38399695 PMCID: PMC10892693 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis, a commensal in the human nasopharynx, plays a significant role in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Its pathogenicity involves adherence to respiratory epithelial cells, leading to infection through a macropinocytosis-like mechanism. Previous investigations highlighted the diverse abilities of M. catarrhalis isolates with different phenotypes to adhere to and invade respiratory epithelial cells. This study used a murine COPD model and in vitro experiments to explore the factors influencing the pathogenicity of distinct phenotypes of M. catarrhalis. Transcriptome sequencing suggested a potential association between actin cytoskeleton regulation and the infection of lung epithelial cells by M. catarrhalis with different phenotypes. Electron microscopy and Western blot analyses revealed a decrease in filamentous actin (F-actin) expression upon infection with various M. catarrhalis phenotypes. Inhibition of actin polymerization indicated the involvement of F-actin dynamics in M. catarrhalis internalization, distinguishing it from the adhesion process. Notably, hindering F-actin polymerization impaired the internalization of M. catarrhalis. These findings contribute vital theoretical insights for developing preventive strategies and individualized clinical treatments for AECOPD patients infected with M. catarrhalis. The study underscores the importance of understanding the nuanced interactions between M. catarrhalis phenotypes and host lung epithelial cells, offering valuable implications for the management of AECOPD infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Rui Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China;
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8
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Belli S, Esposito D, Allotta A, Servetto A, Ciciola P, Pesapane A, Ascione CM, Napolitano F, Di Mauro C, Vigliar E, Iaccarino A, De Angelis C, Bianco R, Formisano L. Pak1 pathway hyper-activation mediates resistance to endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 37258566 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have been approved in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) to treat estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (BC). However, drug resistance represents the leading cause of breast cancer patients mortality. This study aimed to identify novel resistance mechanisms to ER antagonists in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors. We generated two ER+ BC cell lines, T47D and MCF7, resistant to the combination of the ER antagonist fulvestrant and CDK4/6i abemaciclib, named T47D-FAR and MCF7-FAR. Transcriptomic analysis revealed common up-regulation of genes involved in MAPK and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways in FAR cells, sustaining their hyper-invasive phenotype and increased anchorage-independent growth, compared to sensitive cells. FAR cells showed higher p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) expression and phosphorylation levels than parental cells. PAK1 knockdown by siRNAs hampered cell proliferation, reduced anchorage-independent growth and invasive properties of T47D-FAR and MCF7-FAR, re-sensitizing them to fulvestrant and abemaciclib. Conversely, over-expression of PAK1 in MCF7 and T47D cells increased tumor spheroids' growth and invasion and reduced sensitivity to fulvestrant and abemaciclib, confirming its role in inducing drug resistance. Finally, treatment with Pak1 inhibitors, PF-3758309 (PF309) and NVS-PAK1-1, restored cell sensitivity to fulvestrant and abemaciclib of MCF7-FAR and T47D-FAR cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggested a pivotal role for Pak1 in resistance to ET and CDK4/6i in ER+ breast cancers. These data might promote the rationale for the development of novel Pak1 inhibitors for treatment of patients with ER+ BC progressing on ET plus CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Belli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Esposito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Allotta
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ciciola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia M Ascione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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9
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Yadav R, Devi SS, Oswalia J, Ramalingam S, Arya R. Role of HSP70 chaperone in protein aggregate phenomenon of GNE mutant cells: Therapeutic lead for GNE Myopathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 149:106258. [PMID: 35777599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited treatment options and research in understanding the pathomechanisms of rare diseases has raised concerns about their therapeutic development. One such poorly understood ultra-rare neuromuscular disorder is GNE Myopathy (GNEM) which is caused due to mutation in key sialic acid biosynthetic enzyme, GNE. Treatment with sialic acid or its derivatives/precursors slows the disease progression, but curative strategies need to be explored further. Pathologically, muscle biopsy samples of GNEM patients reveal rimmed vacuole formation due to aggregation of β-amyloid, Tau, presenilin proteins with unknown mechanism. The present study aims to understand the mechanism of protein aggregate formation in GNE mutant cells to decipher role of chaperones in disease phenotype. The pathologically relevant GNE mutations expressed as recombinant proteins in HEK cells was used as a model system for GNEM to estimate extent of protein aggregation. We identified HSP70, a chaperone, as binding partner of GNE. Downregulation of HSP70 with altered BAG3, JNK, BAX expression levels was observed in GNE mutant cells. The cell apoptosis was observed in GNE mutation specific manner. An activator of HSP70 chaperone, BGP-15, rescued the phenotypic defects due to GNE mutation, thereby, reducing protein aggregation significantly. The results were further validated in rat skeletal muscle cell lines carrying single Gne allele. Our study suggests that HSP70 activators can be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of ultra-rare GNE Myopathy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | | | - Jyoti Oswalia
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | | | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Special Center for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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10
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Effect of GNE Mutations on Cytoskeletal Network Proteins: Potential Gateway to Understand Pathomechanism of GNEM. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:452-468. [PMID: 35503500 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in GNE (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetyl mannosamine kinase) gene catalyzing the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. The characteristic features include muscle weakness in upper and lower extremities, skeletal muscle wasting, and rimmed vacuole formation. More than 200 GNE mutations in either epimerase or kinase domain have been reported worldwide. In Indian subcontinent, several GNE mutations have been recently identified with unknown functional correlation. Alternate role of GNE in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, protein aggregation, and cytoskeletal organization have been proposed in recent studies. We aim to understand and compare the effect of various GNE mutations from Indian origin on regulation of the cytoskeletal network. In particular, F-actin dynamics was determined quantitatively by determining F/G-actin ratios in immunoblots for specific proteins. The extent of F-actin polymerization was visualized by immunostaining with Phalloidin using confocal microscopy. The proteins regulating F-actin dynamics such as RhoA, cofilin, Arp2, and alpha-actinin were studied in various GNE mutants. The altered level of cytoskeletal organization network proteins affected cell migration of GNE mutant proteins as measured by wound healing assay. The functional comparison of GNE mutations will help in better understanding of the genotypic severity of the disease in the Indian population. Our study offers a potential for identification of therapeutic molecules regulating actin dynamics in GNE specific mutations.
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Functional characterization of GNE mutations prevalent in Asian subjects with GNE myopathy, an ultra-rare neuromuscular disorder. Biochimie 2022; 199:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Yakovlev L, Becker Cohen M, Argov Z, Fellig Y, Harazi A. Pre Clinical Assessment of AAVrh74.MCK.GNE Viral Vector Therapeutic Potential: Robust Activity Despite Lack of Consistent Animal Model for GNE Myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:179-192. [PMID: 34806613 PMCID: PMC8842764 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: GNE myopathy is a unique adult onset rare neuromuscular disease caused by recessive mutations in the GNE gene. The pathophysiological mechanism of this disorder is not well understood and to date, there is no available therapy for this debilitating disease. We have previously established proof of concept that AAV based gene therapy can effectively deliver the wild type human GNE into cultured muscle cells from human patients and in mice, using a CMV promoter driven human wild type GNE plasmid delivered through an adeno associated virus (AAV8) based platform. Objective: In the present study we have generated a muscle specific GNE construct, driven by the MCK promoter and packaged with the AAVrh74 serotype for efficacy evaluation in an animal model of GNE Myopathy. Methods: The viral vector was systemically delivered at 2 doses to two age groups of a Gne–/– hGNED207V Tg mouse described as a preclinical model of GNE Myopathy, and treatment was monitored for long term efficacy. Results: In spite of the fact that the full described characteristics of the preclinical model could not be reproduced, the systemic injection of the rAAVrh74.MCK.GNE viral vector resulted in a long term presence and expression of human wt GNE in the murine muscles and in some improvements of their mild phenotype. The Gne–/– hGNED207V Tg mice are smaller from birth, but cannot be differentiated from littermates by muscle function (grip strength and Rotarod) and their muscle histology is normal, even at advanced age. Conclusions: The rAAVrh74.MCK.GNE vector is a robust tool for the development of GNE Myopathy therapies that supply the intact GNE. However, there is still no reliable animal model to fully assess its efficacy since the previously developed Gne–/– hGNED207V Tg mice do not present disease characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lena Yakovlev
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Becker Cohen
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Harazi
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Devi SS, Yadav R, Mashangva F, Chaudhary P, Sharma S, Arya R. Generation and Characterization of a Skeletal Muscle Cell-Based Model Carrying One Single Gne Allele: Implications in Actin Dynamics. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6316-6334. [PMID: 34510381 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-Acetyl glucosamine-2 epimerase/N-acetyl mannosamine kinase (GNE) catalyzes key enzymatic reactions in the biosynthesis of sialic acid. Mutation in GNE gene causes GNE myopathy (GNEM) characterized by adult-onset muscle weakness and degeneration. However, recent studies propose alternate roles of GNE in other cellular processes beside sialic acid biosynthesis, particularly interaction of GNE with α-actinin 1 and 2. Lack of appropriate model system limits drug and treatment options for GNEM as GNE knockout was found to be embryonically lethal. In the present study, we have generated L6 rat skeletal muscle myoblast cell-based model system carrying one single Gne allele where GNE gene is knocked out at exon-3 using AAV mediated SEPT homology recombination (SKM-GNEHz). The cell line was heterozygous for GNE gene with one wild type and one truncated allele as confirmed by sequencing. The phenotype showed reduced GNE epimerase activity with little reduction in sialic acid content. In addition, the heterozygous GNE knockout cells revealed altered cytoskeletal organization with disrupted actin filament. Further, we observed increased levels of RhoA leading to reduced cofilin activity and causing reduced F-actin polymerization. The disturbed signaling cascade resulted in reduced migration of SKM-GNEHz cells. Our study indicates possible role of GNE in regulating actin dynamics and cell migration of skeletal muscle cell. The skeletal muscle cell-based system offers great potential in understanding pathomechanism and target identification for GNEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Priyanka Chaudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India. .,Special Centre for Systems Medicine (Concurrent Faculty), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067, New Delhi, India.
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Chen J, Wang H, Wang J, Niu W, Deng C, Zhou M. LncRNA NEAT1 Enhances Glioma Progression via Regulating the miR-128-3p/ITGA5 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5163-5177. [PMID: 34263426 PMCID: PMC8497354 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) promotes the progression of glioma. In this study, we postulated that NEAT1 may act as a miR-128-3p sponge. Relative levels of NEAT1 and miR-128-3p expression in human glioma samples and GBM cells were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. By means of CCK-8 assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometric analysis, the biological functions of miR-128-3p and NEAT1 were investigated in U87MG and U251MG human GBM cell lines with stable miR-128-3p and NEAT1 knockdown or overexpression. The luciferase reports, RNA pull-down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were conducted to determine the relevance of NEAT1 and miR-128-3p in glioma. As a result, high expression of NEAT1 and lack of miR-128-3p were observed in glioma specimens and cells. By binding to anti-oncogene miR-128-3p in the nucleus, NEAT1 enhanced tumorigenesis and glioma development. Further experiments suggested that ITGA5 expression was increased in glioma tissues and was found to be connected with miR-128-3p. Additionally, NEAT1 facilitated ITGA5 expression via competitively binding to miR-128-3p. For this reason, ITGA5 would not be decomposed by miR-128-3p and could activate FAK signaling pathway, thereby promoting cell growth. Collectively, these results indicated that the NEAT1/miR-128-3p/ITGA5 axis was involved in glioma initiation and progression, and might offer a potential novel strategy for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chulei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Gao S, Wu X, Wang L, Bu T, Perrotta A, Guaglianone G, Silvestrini B, Sun F, Cheng CY. Signaling Proteins That Regulate Spermatogenesis Are the Emerging Target of Toxicant-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:800327. [PMID: 35002976 PMCID: PMC8739942 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that environmental toxicants, in particular endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as cadmium and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), induce Sertoli cell and testis injury, thereby perturbing spermatogenesis in humans, rodents and also widelife. Recent studies have shown that cadmium (e.g., cadmium chloride, CdCl2) and PFOS exert their disruptive effects through putative signaling proteins and signaling cascade similar to other pharmaceuticals, such as the non-hormonal male contraceptive drug adjudin. More important, these signaling proteins were also shown to be involved in modulating testis function based on studies in rodents. Collectively, these findings suggest that toxicants are using similar mechanisms that used to support spermatogenesis under physiological conditions to perturb Sertoli and testis function. These observations are physiologically significant, since a manipulation on the expression of these signaling proteins can possibly be used to manage the toxicant-induced male reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we highlight some of these findings and critically evaluate the possibility of using this approach to manage toxicant-induced defects in spermatrogenesis based on recent studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Adolfo Perrotta
- Department of Translational & Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guaglianone
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, “Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 4”, Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Bruno Silvestrini
- Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, ; Fei Sun,
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, ; Fei Sun,
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