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DeKryger W, Chroneos ZC. Emerging concepts of myosin 18A isoform mechanobiology in organismal and immune system physiology, development, and function. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23649. [PMID: 38776246 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400350r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Alternative and combinatorial splicing of myosin 18A (MYO18A) gene transcripts results in expression of MYO18A protein isoforms and isoform variants with different membrane and subcellular localizations, and functional properties. MYO18A proteins are members of the myosin superfamily consisting of a myosin-like motor domain, an IQ motif, and a coiled-coil domain. MYO18A isoforms, however, lack the ability to hydrolyze ATP and do not perform ATP-dependent motor activity. MYO18A isoforms are distinguished by different amino- and carboxy-terminal extensions and domains. The domain organization and functions of MYO18Aα, MYO18Aβ, and MYO18Aγ have been studied experimentally. MYO18Aα and MYO18Aβ have a common carboxy-terminal extension but differ by the presence or absence of an amino-terminal KE repeat and PDZ domain, respectively. The amino- and carboxy-terminal extensions of MYO18Aγ contain unique proline and serine-rich domains. Computationally predicted MYO18Aε and MYO18Aδ isoforms contain the carboxy-terminal serine-rich extension but differ by the presence or absence of the amino-terminal KE/PDZ extension. Additional isoform variants within each category arise by alternative utilization or inclusion/exclusion of small exons. MYO18Aα variants are expressed in somatic cells and mature immune cells, whereas MYO18Aβ variants occur mainly in myeloid and natural killer cells. MYO18Aγ expression is selective to cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the present review perspective, we discuss current and emerging concepts of the functional specialization of MYO18A proteins in membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics, cellular communication and signaling, endocytic and exocytic organelle movement, viral infection, and as the SP-R210 receptor for surfactant protein A.
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Affiliation(s)
- William DeKryger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Horsthemke M, Arnaud CA, Hanley PJ. Are the class 18 myosins Myo18A and Myo18B specialist sarcomeric proteins? Front Physiol 2024; 15:1401717. [PMID: 38784114 PMCID: PMC11112018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1401717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Initially, the two members of class 18 myosins, Myo18A and Myo18B, appeared to exhibit highly divergent functions, complicating the assignment of class-specific functions. However, the identification of a striated muscle-specific isoform of Myo18A, Myo18Aγ, suggests that class 18 myosins may have evolved to complement the functions of conventional class 2 myosins in sarcomeres. Indeed, both genes, Myo18a and Myo18b, are predominantly expressed in the heart and somites, precursors of skeletal muscle, of developing mouse embryos. Genetic deletion of either gene in mice is embryonic lethal and is associated with the disorganization of cardiac sarcomeres. Moreover, Myo18Aγ and Myo18B localize to sarcomeric A-bands, albeit the motor (head) domains of these unconventional myosins have been both deduced and biochemically demonstrated to exhibit negligible ATPase activity, a hallmark of motor proteins. Instead, Myo18Aγ and Myo18B presumably coassemble with thick filaments and provide structural integrity and/or internal resistance through interactions with F-actin and/or other proteins. In addition, Myo18Aγ and Myo18B may play distinct roles in the assembly of myofibrils, which may arise from actin stress fibers containing the α-isoform of Myo18A, Myo18Aα. The β-isoform of Myo18A, Myo18Aβ, is similar to Myo18Aα, except that it lacks the N-terminal extension, and may serve as a negative regulator through heterodimerization with either Myo18Aα or Myo18Aγ. In this review, we contend that Myo18Aγ and Myo18B are essential for myofibril structure and function in striated muscle cells, while α- and β-isoforms of Myo18A play diverse roles in nonmuscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Horsthemke
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Charles-Adrien Arnaud
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Science Faculty, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J. Hanley
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Yau E, Yang L, Chen Y, Umstead TM, Stanley AE, Halstead ES, Gandhi CK, Yewdell JW, Chroneos ZC. SP-R210 isoforms of Myosin18A modulate endosomal sorting and recognition of influenza A virus infection in macrophages. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105280. [PMID: 38135024 PMCID: PMC10948314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes acute and often lethal inflammation in the lung. The role of macrophages in this adverse inflammation is partially understood. The surfactant protein A receptor 210 (SP-R210) consists of two isoforms, a long (L) SP-R210L and a short (S) SP-R210S isoform encoded by alternative splicing of the myosin 18A gene. We reported that disruption of SP-R210L enhances cytosolic and endosomal antiviral response pathways. Here, we report that SP-R210L antagonizes type I interferon β (IFNβ), as depletion of SP-R210L potentiates IFNβ secretion. SP-R210 antibodies enhance and attenuate IFNβ secretion in SP-R210L replete and deficient macrophages, respectively, indicating that SP-R210 isoform stoichiometry alters macrophage function intrinsically. This reciprocal response is coupled to unopposed and restricted expression of viral genes in control and SP-R210L-deficient macrophages, respectively. Human monocytic cells with sub-stoichiometric expression of SP-R210L resist IAV infection, whereas alveolar macrophages with increased abundance of SP-R210L permit viral gene expression similar to murine macrophages. Uptake and membrane binding studies show that lack of SP-R210 isoforms does not impair IAV binding and internalization. Lack of SP-R210L, however, results in macropinocytic retention of the virus that depends on both SP-R210S and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3). Mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses indicate that SP-R210 isoforms modulate differential recruitment of the Rho-family GTPase RAC1 and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Our study suggests that SP-R210 isoforms modulate RAC-dependent macropinosomal sorting of IAV to discrete endosomal and lysosomal compartments that either permit or prevent endolysosomal escape and inflammatory sensing of viral genomes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anne E Stanley
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Ahmad HM, Alafari HA, Fiaz S, Alshaya DS, Toor S, Ijaz M, Rasool N, Attia KA, Zaynab M, Azmat S, Abushady AM, Chen Y. Genome-wide comparison and identification of myosin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12070. [PMID: 36561675 PMCID: PMC9763749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are essential components of organelle trafficking in all the eukaryotic cells. Myosin driven movement plays a vital role in the development of pollen tubes, root hairs and root tips of flowering plants. The present research characterized the myosin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus by using different computational tools. We discovered a total of 50 myosin genes and their splice variants in both pant species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that myosin genes were divided into four subclasses. Chromosomal location revealed that myosin genes were located on all five chromosomes in A. thaliana, whereas they were present on nine chromosomes in H. annuus. Conserved motifs showed that conserved regions were closely similar within subgroups. Gene structure analysis showed that Atmyosin2.2 and Atmyosin2.3 had the highest number of introns/exons. Gene ontology analysis indicated that myosin genes were involved in vesicle transport along actin filament and cytoskeleton trafficking. Expression analysis showed that expression of myosin genes was higher during the flowering stage as compared to the seedling and budding stages. Tissue specific expression indicated that HanMYOSIN11.2, HanMYOSIN16.2 were highly expressed in stamen, whereas HanMYOSIN 2.2, HanMYOSIN 12.1 and HanMYOSIN 17.1 showed higher expression in nectary. This study enhance our understanding the function of myosins in plant development, and forms the basis for future research about the comparative genomics of plant myosin in other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Hayat Ali Alafari
- Deparment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Dalal S. Alshaya
- Deparment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Toor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nouman Rasool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455-11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Department of Rice Biotechnology, RRTC, Institute of Field Crops, ARC, Sakha, 33177, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Science & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Saira Azmat
- Agriculture Extension and Adaptive Research, Agriculture Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa M. Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, 12588, Egypt,Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Matozo T, Kogachi L, de Alencar BC. Myosin motors on the pathway of viral infections. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:41-63. [PMID: 35842902 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors are microscopic machines that use energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to generate movement. While kinesins and dynein are molecular motors associated with microtubule tracks, myosins bind to and move on actin filaments. Mammalian cells express several myosin motors. They power cellular processes such as endo- and exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, transcription, migration, and cytokinesis. As viruses navigate through cells, they may take advantage or be hindered by host components and machinery, including the cytoskeleton. This review delves into myosins' cell roles and compares them to their reported functions in viral infections. In most cases, the previously described myosin functions align with their reported role in viral infections, although not in all cases. This opens the possibility that knowledge obtained from studying myosins in viral infections might shed light on new physiological roles for myosins in cells. However, given the high number of myosins expressed and the variety of viruses investigated in the different studies, it is challenging to infer whether the interactions found are specific to a single virus or can be applied to other viruses with the same characteristics. We conclude that the participation of myosins in viral cycles is still a largely unexplored area, especially concerning unconventional myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Matozo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Kogachi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cunha de Alencar
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Li JT, Cheng XN, Zhang C, Shi DL, Shao M. The Adaptor Protein Lurap1 Is Required for Cell Cohesion during Epiboly Movement in Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121337. [PMID: 34943252 PMCID: PMC8699034 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell adhesion and active cell shape changes play an important role in morphogenetic movements during embryonic development. Zebrafish is an attractive model for the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation cell movement, which describes the thinning and spreading of an external sheet of cells to cover other groups of cells in the embryo. It involves differential cellular adhesive properties and dynamic cytoskeletal organization across the embryo, but how these are regulated remains elusive. We found that the adaptor protein Lurap1, which interacts with other proteins required for cell migration, plays a role in cell adhesion during epiboly. In zebrafish mutants with loss of Lurap1 function, there is a reduced cellular cohesion in the epithelial blastoderm cells and a delayed epiboly movement. Our observations suggest that Lurap1 is implicated in the regulation of cellular behavior changes for coordinated morphogenetic movements in vertebrate embryos. Abstract Cell adhesion and polarized cellular behaviors play critical roles in a wide variety of morphogenetic events. In the zebrafish embryo, epiboly represents an important process of epithelial morphogenesis that involves differential cell adhesion and dynamic cell shape changes for coordinated movements of different cell populations, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The adaptor protein Lurap1 functions to link myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Rac/Cdc42-binding kinase with MYO18A for actomyosin retrograde flow in cell migration. We previously reported that it interacts with Dishevelled in convergence and extension movements during gastrulation. Here, we show that it regulates blastoderm cell adhesion and radial cell intercalation during epiboly. In zebrafish mutant embryos with loss of both maternal and zygotic Lurap1 function, deep cell multilayer of the blastoderm exhibit delayed epiboly with respect to the superficial layer. Time-lapse imaging reveals that these deep cells undergo unstable intercalation, which impedes their expansion over the yolk cell. Cell sorting and adhesion assays indicate reduced cellular cohesion of the blastoderm. These defects are correlated with disrupted cytoskeletal organization in the cortex of blastoderm cells. Thus, the present results extend our previous works by demonstrating that Lurap1 is required for cell adhesion and cell behavior changes to coordinate cell movements during epithelial morphogenesis. They provide insights for a further understanding of the regulation of cytoskeletal organization during gastrulation cell movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-T.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Ning Cheng
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-T.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - De-Li Shi
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.-L.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ming Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-T.L.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.-L.S.); (M.S.)
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Yau E, Chen Y, Song C, Webb J, Carillo M, Kawasawa YI, Tang Z, Takahashi Y, Umstead TM, Dovat S, Chroneos ZC. Genomic and epigenomic adaptation in SP-R210 (Myo18A) isoform-deficient macrophages. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152150. [PMID: 34735924 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, from regulating the inflammatory response to pathogens to resolving inflammation and aiding tissue repair. The surfactant protein A (SP-A) receptor SP-R210 (MYO18A) has been shown to affect basal and inflammatory macrophage states. Specifically, disruption of the longer splice isoform SP-R210L/MYO18Aα renders macrophages hyper-inflammatory, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. We asked whether disruption of the L isoform led to the hyper-inflammatory state via alteration of global genomic responses. RNA sequencing analysis of L isoform-deficient macrophages (SP-R210L(DN)) revealed basal and influenza-induced upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory pathways, such as TLR, RIG-I, NOD, and cytoplasmic DNA signaling, whereas knockout of both SP-R210 isoforms (L and S) only resulted in increased RIG-I and NOD signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis showed increased genome-wide deposition of the pioneer transcription factor PU.1 in SP-R210L(DN) cells, with increased representation around genes relevant to inflammatory pathways. Additional ChIP-seq analysis of histone H3 methylation marks showed decreases in both repressive H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks with a commensurate increase in transcriptionally active (H3K4me3) histone marks in the L isoform deficient macrophages. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, known to stimulate a wide array of anti-viral responses, caused a differential redistribution of PU.1 binding between proximal promoter and distal sites and decoupling from Toll-like receptor regulated gene promoters in SP-R210L(DN) cells. These finding suggest that the inflammatory differences seen in SP-R210L-deficient macrophages are a result of transcriptional differences that are mediated by epigenetic changes brought about by differential expression of the SP-R210 isoforms. This provides an avenue to explore how the signaling pathways downstream of the receptor and the ligands can modulate the macrophage inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason Webb
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Marykate Carillo
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA.
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