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Li D, Jia J, Zeng H, Zhong X, Chen H, Yi C. Efficacy of exercise rehabilitation for managing patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2175-2188. [PMID: 38488551 PMCID: PMC11034587 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progression are currently unavailable, a plethora of studies have highlighted the potential advantages of exercise rehabilitation for managing this condition. Those studies show that exercise rehabilitation can enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by AD. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation has been regarded as one of the most important strategies for managing patients with AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available findings on exercise rehabilitation in patients with AD, with a focus on the exercise types which have shown efficacy when implemented alone or combined with other treatment methods, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these positive effects. Specifically, we explain how exercise may improve the brain microenvironment and neuronal plasticity. In conclusion, exercise is a cost-effective intervention to enhance cognitive performance and improve quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it can potentially become both a physical activity and a tailored intervention. This review may aid the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies to address the challenges imposed by this debilitating disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinning Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Huichang County People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Patil RP, Kumar N, Kaur A, Munian RK, Bhattacharya B, Ganesh S, Parihar R. Retinal vascular pathology in a mouse model of Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Neurosci Res 2024; 204:58-63. [PMID: 38458494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) affect distinct populations of neurons and manifest various clinical and pathological symptoms. A subset of ND prognoses has been linked to vascular risk factors. Consequently, the current study investigated retinal vascular abnormalities in a murine model of Lafora neurodegenerative disease (LD), a fatal and genetic form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy that affects children. Here, arterial rigidity was evaluated by measuring pulse wave velocity and vasculature deformations in the retina. Our findings in the LD mouse model indicate altered pulse wave velocity, retinal vascular thinning, and convoluted retinal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Pranay Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Central Experimental Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Arveen Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Munian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India
| | - Bishakh Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; Central Experimental Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India.
| | - Rashmi Parihar
- Central Experimental Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
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3
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Leterrier S, Goutal S, Hugon G, Goislard M, Saba W, Hosten B, Specklin S, Winkeler A, Tournier N. Imaging quantitative changes in blood-brain barrier permeability using [ 18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-sorbitol ([ 18F]FDS) PET in relation to glial cell recruitment in a mouse model of endotoxemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1117-1127. [PMID: 38441006 PMCID: PMC11179610 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241236755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The quantitative relationship between the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the recruitment of glial cells was explored in a mouse model of endotoxemia. [18F]2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-sorbitol ([18F]FDS) PET imaging was used as a paracellular marker for quantitative monitoring of BBB permeability after i.v injection of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle (saline, n = 5). The brain distribution of [18F]FDS (VT, mL.cm-3) was estimated using kinetic modeling. LPS dose-dependently increased the brain VT of [18F]FDS after injection of LPS 4 mg/kg (5.2 ± 2.4-fold, n = 4, p < 0.01) or 5 mg/kg (9.0 ± 9.1-fold, n = 4, p < 0.01) but not 3 mg/kg (p > 0.05, n = 7). In 12 individuals belonging to the different groups, changes in BBB permeability were compared with expression of markers of astrocyte (GFAP) and microglial cell (CD11b) using ex vivo immunohistochemistry. Increased expression of CD11b and GFAP expression was observed in mice injected with 3 mg/kg of LPS, which did not increase with higher LPS doses. Quantitative [18F]FDS PET imaging can capture different levels of BBB permeability in vivo. A biphasic effect was observed with the lowest dose of LPS that triggered neuroinflammation without disruptive changes in BBB permeability, and higher LPS doses that increased BBB permeability without additional recruitment of glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Leterrier
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Gaëlle Hugon
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Maud Goislard
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Wadad Saba
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Hosten
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Simon Specklin
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Orsay, France
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İş Ö, Wang X, Reddy JS, Min Y, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Patel T, Bergman J, Quicksall Z, Heckman MG, Tutor-New FQ, Can Demirdogen B, White L, Koga S, Krause V, Inoue Y, Kanekiyo T, Cosacak MI, Nelson N, Lee AJ, Vardarajan B, Mayeux R, Kouri N, Deniz K, Carnwath T, Oatman SR, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Nguyen T, Carrasquillo MM, Graff-Radford J, Petersen RC, Jr Jack CR, Kantarci K, Murray ME, Nho K, Saykin AJ, Dickson DW, Kizil C, Allen M, Ertekin-Taner N. Gliovascular transcriptional perturbations in Alzheimer's disease reveal molecular mechanisms of blood brain barrier dysfunction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4758. [PMID: 38902234 PMCID: PMC11190273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To uncover molecular changes underlying blood-brain-barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing in 24 Alzheimer's disease and control brains and focused on vascular and astrocyte clusters as main cell types of blood-brain-barrier gliovascular-unit. The majority of the vascular transcriptional changes were in pericytes. Of the vascular molecular targets predicted to interact with astrocytic ligands, SMAD3, upregulated in Alzheimer's disease pericytes, has the highest number of ligands including VEGFA, downregulated in Alzheimer's disease astrocytes. We validated these findings with external datasets comprising 4,730 pericyte and 150,664 astrocyte nuclei. Blood SMAD3 levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease-related neuroimaging outcomes. We determined inverse relationships between pericytic SMAD3 and astrocytic VEGFA in human iPSC and zebrafish models. Here, we detect vast transcriptome changes in Alzheimer's disease at the gliovascular-unit, prioritize perturbed pericytic SMAD3-astrocytic VEGFA interactions, and validate these in cross-species models to provide a molecular mechanism of blood-brain-barrier disintegrity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan İş
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuhao Min
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Elanur Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zachary Quicksall
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Birsen Can Demirdogen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Launia White
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Krause
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yasuteru Inoue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nastasia Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annie J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kaancan Deniz
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Troy Carnwath
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Laura J Lewis-Tuffin
- Mayo Clinic Florida Cytometry and Cell Imaging Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kejal Kantarci
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Caghan Kizil
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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5
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Jia R, Solé-Guardia G, Kiliaan AJ. Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1233-1240. [PMID: 37905869 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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6
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Arms LM, Duchatel RJ, Jackson ER, Sobrinho PG, Dun MD, Hua S. Current status and advances to improving drug delivery in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Control Release 2024; 370:835-865. [PMID: 38744345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including tumors diagnosed in the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma - DIPG), is the primary cause of brain tumor-related death in pediatric patients. DIPG is characterized by a median survival of <12 months from diagnosis, harboring the worst 5-year survival rate of any cancer. Corticosteroids and radiation are the mainstay of therapy; however, they only provide transient relief from the devastating neurological symptoms. Numerous therapies have been investigated for DIPG, but the majority have been unsuccessful in demonstrating a survival benefit beyond radiation alone. Although many barriers hinder brain drug delivery in DIPG, one of the most significant challenges is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therapeutic compounds must possess specific properties to enable efficient passage across the BBB. In brain cancer, the BBB is referred to as the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), where tumors disrupt the structure and function of the BBB, which may provide opportunities for drug delivery. However, the biological characteristics of the brainstem's BBB/BBTB, both under normal physiological conditions and in response to DIPG, are poorly understood, which further complicates treatment. Better characterization of the changes that occur in the BBB/BBTB of DIPG patients is essential, as this informs future treatment strategies. Many novel drug delivery technologies have been investigated to bypass or disrupt the BBB/BBTB, including convection enhanced delivery, focused ultrasound, nanoparticle-mediated delivery, and intranasal delivery, all of which are yet to be clinically established for the treatment of DIPG. Herein, we review what is known about the BBB/BBTB and discuss the current status, limitations, and advances of conventional and novel treatments to improving brain drug delivery in DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Arms
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Program, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J Duchatel
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Program, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangeline R Jackson
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Program, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Pedro Garcia Sobrinho
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Program, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Program, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Chen KM, Lai SC. Curative effects and mechanisms of AG1296 and LY294002 co-therapy in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced neurovascular unit dysfunction and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024:S1684-1182(24)00104-X. [PMID: 38839542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-therapy with albendazole and steroid is commonly used in patients with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections. However, anthelminthics often worsen symptoms, possibly due to the inflammatory reaction to antigens released by dying worms. Therefore, the present study was to investigate the curative effects and probable mechanisms of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) inhibitor AG1296 (AG) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3K) LY294002 (LY) in A. cantonensis-induced neurovascular unit dysfunction and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. METHODS Western blots were used to detect matrix protein degradation and the expressions of PDGFR-β/PI3K signaling pathway. The co-localization of PDGFR-β and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and VSMCs on the blood vessels were measured by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to test S100B, interleukin (IL)-6, and transforming growth factor beta in the cerebrospinal fluid to determine their possible roles in mouse resistance to A. cantonensis. RESULTS The results showed that AG and LY cotherapy decreased the MMP-9 activity and inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, S100B, IL-6 and eosinophil counts were reduced by inhibitor treatment. The localization of PDGFR-β and MMP-9 was observed in VSMCs. Furthermore, we showed that the degradation of the neurovascular matrix and blood-brain barrier permeability were reduced in the mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the potential of PDGFR-β inhibitor AG and PI3K inhibitor LY co-therapy as anti-A. cantonensis drug candidates through improved neurovascular unit dysfunction and reduced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Min Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chan Lai
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Wu X, Zhu H, Liu J, Ouyang S, Lyu Z, Jin Y, Chen X, Meng Q. Jagged1-Notch1 Signaling Pathway Induces M1 Microglia to Disrupt the Barrier Function of Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38783634 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2357601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microglia-related inflammation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact and mechanism of M1 phenotype microglia on the barrier function of retina microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blot techniques were utilized to analysis the mRNA and protein expressions of M1 and M2 markers of human microglial clone 3 cell line (HMC3), as well as the levels of Notch ligands and receptors under the intervention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL)-4. ELISA was utilized to detect the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines from HMC3 cells. The cellular tight junction and apoptosis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were assessed by western blot and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability assay. The inhibitors of Notch1 and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting Jagged1 were used to assess their contribution to the barrier function of vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-1β were considerably elevated in LPS-treated HMC3, while CD206 and Arg-1 markedly elevated under IL-4 stimulation. The conditioned medium derived from LPS-treated HMC3 cells promoted permeability, diminished the expression of zonula occludens-1 and Occludin, and elevated the expression of Cleaved caspase-3 in HRMECs. RNAi targeting Jagged1 or Notch1 inhibitor could block M1 HMC3 polarization and maintain barrier function of HRMECs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Jagged1-Notch1 signaling pathway induces M1 microglial cells to disrupt the barrier function of HRMECs, which may lead to retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxian Zhu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Ouyang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Lyu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeanqi Jin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianli Meng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Overgaard Wichmann T, Hedegaard Højsager M, Hasager Damkier H. Water channels in the brain and spinal cord-overview of the role of aquaporins in traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1414662. [PMID: 38818518 PMCID: PMC11137310 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1414662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the fluid flow in the brain and spinal cord is essential for discovering the mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of central nervous system diseases. During recent years, research has highlighted the complexity of the fluid flow movement in the brain through a glymphatic system and a lymphatic network. Less is known about these pathways in the spinal cord. An important aspect of fluid flow movement through the glymphatic pathway is the role of water channels, especially aquaporin 1 and 4. This review provides an overview of the role of these aquaporins in brain and spinal cord, and give a short introduction to the fluid flow in brain and spinal cord during in the healthy brain and spinal cord as well as during traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Finally, this review gives an overview of the current knowledge about the role of aquaporins in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, highlighting some of the complexities and knowledge gaps in the field.
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Rorex C, Cardona SM, Church KA, Rodriguez D, Vanegas D, Saldivar R, Faz B, Cardona AE. Astrogliosis in the GFAP-Cre ERT2:Rosa26 iDTR Mouse Model Does Not Exacerbate Retinal Microglia Activation or Müller Cell Gliosis under Hypoxic Conditions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:567. [PMID: 38785974 PMCID: PMC11117533 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects over 140 million people globally. The mechanisms that lead to blindness are still enigmatic but there is evidence that sustained inflammation and hypoxia contribute to vascular damage. Despite efforts to understand the role of inflammation and microglia in DR's pathology, the contribution of astrocytes to hypoxic responses is less clear. To investigate the role of astrocytes in hypoxia-induced retinopathy, we utilized a 7-day systemic hypoxia model using the GFAP-CreERT2:Rosa26iDTR transgenic mouse line. This allows for the induction of inflammatory reactive astrogliosis following tamoxifen and diphtheria toxin administration. We hypothesize that DTx-induced astrogliosis is neuroprotective during hypoxia-induced retinopathy. Glial, neuronal, and vascular responses were quantified using immunostaining, with antibodies against GFAP, vimentin, IBA-1, NeuN, fibrinogen, and CD31. Cytokine responses were measured in both the brain and serum. We report that while both DTx and hypoxia induced a phenotype of reduced microglia morphological activation, DTx, but not hypoxia, induced an increase in the Müller glia marker vimentin. We did not observe that the combination of DTx and hypoxic treatments exacerbated the signs of reactive glial cells, nor did we observe a significant change in the expression immunomodulatory mediators IL-1β, IL2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, CCL17, TGF-β1, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Overall, our results suggest that, in this hypoxia model, reactive astrogliosis does not alter the inflammatory responses or cause vascular damage in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Rorex
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
| | - Sandra M. Cardona
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
| | - Kaira A. Church
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
| | - Derek Rodriguez
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
- Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
| | - Reina Saldivar
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
| | - Brianna Faz
- Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Astrid E. Cardona
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (C.R.)
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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11
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Sforza M, Bianchini E, Alivernini D, Spalloni A, Teresi V, Madonia I, Salvetti M, Pontieri FE, Sette G. Cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive functions in the acute and subacute stage of mild ischemic stroke: a longitudinal pilot study. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2097-2105. [PMID: 38114853 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The association between cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive impairment has been reported in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). However, it is still unclear whether changes occur in the acute phase of CVD. Here we investigated cognitive and hemodynamic parameters and their association in patients with CVD during the acute and subacute phases. Seventy-three patients with mild stroke, not undergoing endovascular treatment, were recruited. All subjects were devoid of intracranial or external carotid stenosis, significant chronic cerebrovascular pathology, dementia or non-compensated cardiovascular diseases. Patients were evaluated within 7 days from symptoms onset (T1) and after 3 months (T2). Clinical and demographic data were collected. NIHSS, MoCA, FAB, and Word-Color Stroop test (WCST) were used to evaluate disease severity and cognitive functions. Basal hemodynamic parameters in the middle cerebral artery were measured with transcranial Doppler. Differences between T2 and T1, correlations between cognitive and hemodynamic variables at T1 and T2, as well as correlations between the T2-T1 variation in cognitive and hemodynamic parameters were assessed. At T1, cognitive performance of MoCA, FAB, and WCST was lower compared with T2; and pulsatility index, a parameter reflecting distal vascular resistance, was higher. However, no correlations between the changes in cognitive and hemodynamic variables were found; therefore, the two seems to be independent phenomena. In the acute phase, the linear association between cerebral blood flow and cognitive performances was lost, probably due to a differential effect of microenvironment changes and vascular-specific phenomena on cognition and cerebral hemodynamics. This relationship was partially restored in the subacute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sforza
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bianchini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Alivernini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Teresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Madonia
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- INM Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Francesco E Pontieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-00189, Rome, Italy.
- Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Shi X, Li P, Herb M, Liu H, Wang M, Wang X, Feng Y, van Beers T, Xia N, Li H, Prokosch V. Pathological high intraocular pressure induces glial cell reactive proliferation contributing to neuroinflammation of the blood-retinal barrier via the NOX2/ET-1 axis-controlled ERK1/2 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:105. [PMID: 38649885 PMCID: PMC11034147 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH oxidase (NOX), a primary source of endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered a key event in disrupting the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. Abnormalities in neurovascular-coupled immune signaling herald the loss of ganglion cells in glaucoma. Persistent microglia-driven inflammation and cellular innate immune system dysregulation often lead to deteriorating retinal degeneration. However, the crosstalk between NOX and the retinal immune environment remains unresolved. Here, we investigate the interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in glaucoma by genetic defects of NOX2 or its regulation via gp91ds-tat. METHODS Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants from wildtype C57BL/6J and Nox2 -/- mice were subjected to normal and high hydrostatic pressure (Pressure 60 mmHg) for 24 h. In vivo, high intraocular pressure (H-IOP) was induced in C57BL/6J mice for two weeks. Both Pressure 60 mmHg retinas and H-IOP mice were treated with either gp91ds-tat (a NOX2-specific inhibitor). Proteomic analysis was performed on control, H-IOP, and treatment with gp91ds-tat retinas to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The study also evaluated various glaucoma phenotypes, including IOP, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) functionality, and optic nerve (ON) degeneration. The superoxide (O2-) levels assay, blood-retinal barrier degradation, gliosis, neuroinflammation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and quantitative PCR were performed in this study. RESULTS We found that NOX2-specific deletion or activity inhibition effectively attenuated retinal oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, the internal blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) injury, neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, RGC loss, and ON axonal degeneration following H-IOP. Mechanistically, we unveiled for the first time that NOX2-dependent ROS-driven pro-inflammatory signaling, where NOX2/ROS induces endothelium-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) overexpression, which activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and mediates the shift of microglia activation to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, thereby triggering a neuroinflammatory outburst. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that NOX2 deletion or gp91ds-tat inhibition attenuates iBRB injury and NVU dysfunction to rescue glaucomatous RGC loss and ON axon degeneration, which is associated with inhibition of the ET-1/ERK1/2-transduced shift of microglial cell activation toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, highlighting NOX2 as a potential target for novel neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr. 19-21, 50935, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maoren Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosha Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim van Beers
- Institut I für Anatomie, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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13
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Coraggio F, Bhushan M, Roumeliotis S, Caroti F, Bevilacqua C, Prevedel R, Rapti G. Age-progressive interplay of HSP-proteostasis, ECM-cell junctions and biomechanics ensures C. elegans astroglial architecture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2861. [PMID: 38570505 PMCID: PMC10991496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue integrity is sensitive to temperature, tension, age, and is sustained throughout life by adaptive cell-autonomous or extrinsic mechanisms. Safeguarding the remarkably-complex architectures of neurons and glia ensures age-dependent integrity of functional circuits. Here, we report mechanisms sustaining the integrity of C. elegans CEPsh astrocyte-like glia. We combine large-scale genetics with manipulation of genes, cells, and their environment, quantitative imaging of cellular/ subcellular features, tissue material properties and extracellular matrix (ECM). We identify mutants with age-progressive, environment-dependent defects in glial architecture, consequent disruption of neuronal architecture, and abnormal aging. Functional loss of epithelial Hsp70/Hsc70-cochaperone BAG2 causes ECM disruption, altered tissue biomechanics, and hypersensitivity of glia to environmental temperature and mechanics. Glial-cell junctions ensure epithelia-ECM-CEPsh glia association. Modifying glial junctions or ECM mechanics safeguards glial integrity against disrupted BAG2-proteostasis. Overall, we present a finely-regulated interplay of proteostasis-ECM and cell junctions with conserved components that ensures age-progressive robustness of glial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coraggio
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahak Bhushan
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Roumeliotis
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Caroti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Ishizawa K, Komori T, Homma T, Sone J, Nakata Y, Nakazato Y, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Sasaki A. The predominance of "astrocytic" intranuclear inclusions in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease manifesting encephalopathy-like symptoms: A case series with brain biopsy. Neuropathology 2024. [PMID: 38477063 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disorder represented by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) and GGC/CGG repeat expansion in the NOTCH2NLC gene. We report here two adult cases of NIID, genetically confirmed, with manifestation of encephalopathy-like symptoms and address the histopathologic findings obtained by brain biopsies, with a focus on "astrocytic" intranuclear inclusions (AIIs). Case 1 presented with paroxysmal restlessness, vertigo, or fever and was later involved in severe dementia and tetraparesis. Case 2 presented with forgetfulness and then with paroxysmal fever and headache. In both cases, delimited areas with gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding hyperperfusion were detected, leading to brain biopsies of the cortex. On histology, Case 1 showed an abnormal lamination, where the thickness of layers was different from usual. Both neurons and astrocytes showed some dysmorphologic features. Notably, astrocytes rather than neurons harbored EIIs. Case 2 showed a cortex, where neurons tended to be arrayed in a columnar fashion. Astrocytes showed some dysmorphologic features. Notably, much more astrocytes than neurons harbored EIIs. By a double-labeling immunofluorescence study for p62/NeuN and p62/glial fibrillary acidic protein, the predominance of AIIs was confirmed in both cases. Considering the physiological functions of astrocytes for the development and maintenance of the cortex, the encephalopathy-like symptoms, dynamic change of cerebral blood flow, and cortical dysmorphology can reasonably be explained by the dysfunction of EII-bearing astrocytes rather than EII-bearing neurons. This study suggests the presence of a subtype of NIID where AIIs rather than "neuronal" intranuclear inclusions are likely a key player in the pathogenesis of NIID, particularly in cases with encephalopathy-like symptoms. The importance of AIIs ("gliopathy") should be more appreciated in future studies of NIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Homma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Sone
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakata
- Department of Neuroradiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Tomkins-Netzer O, Niederer R, Greenwood J, Fabian ID, Serlin Y, Friedman A, Lightman S. Mechanisms of blood-retinal barrier disruption related to intraocular inflammation and malignancy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101245. [PMID: 38242492 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption is a common accompaniment of intermediate, posterior and panuveitis causing leakage into the retina and macular oedema resulting in vision loss. It is much less common in anterior uveitis or in patients with intraocular lymphoma who may have marked signs of intraocular inflammation. New drugs used for chemotherapy (cytarabine, immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, bispecific anti-EGFR inhibitors, MET receptor inhibitors and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors) can also cause different types of uveitis and BRB disruption. As malignant disease itself can cause uveitis, particularly from breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract cancers, it can be clinically difficult to sort out the cause of BRB disruption. Immunosuppression due to malignant disease and/or chemotherapy can lead to infection which can also cause BRB disruption and intraocular infection. In this paper we address the pathophysiology of BRB disruption related to intraocular inflammation and malignancy, methods for estimating the extent and effect of the disruption and examine why some types of intraocular inflammation and malignancy cause BRB disruption and others do not. Understanding this may help sort and manage these patients, as well as devise future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tomkins-Netzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Rachael Niederer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ido Didi Fabian
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Serlin
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sue Lightman
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK. New insight on the possible role of statins in Vascular Parkinsonism: A need for presumptive therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102209. [PMID: 38286334 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vascular Parkinsonism (VP) is clinical term represents a progressive ischemic changes and subcortical lacunar infarct leading to Parkinsonism mainly in the lower limbs so called lower body Parkinsonism. The VP neuropathology is differed from that of PD neuropathology which rarely associated with basal ganglion lesions. Dopamine transporters are normal in VP but are highly reduced in PD, and dopaminergic agonists had no effective role on VP. The neuropathological mechanisms of VP are related to vascular injury which induces the interruption of the neural connection between basal ganglion and cerebral cortex. Hyperlipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors augment VP risk and the related neuropathology. Targeting of these cardiometabolic disorders by lipid-lowering statins may be effective in the management of VP. Therefore, this mini-review aims to clarify the possible role of statins in the management of VP. Statins have neuroprotective effects against different neurodegenerative diseases by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic effects with enhancement of endothelial function. In conclusion, statins can prevent and treat VP by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, mitigating of white matter hyperintensities and improving of neuronal signaling pathways. Additional preclinical, clinical trials and prospective studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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17
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Hansra GK, Jayasena T, Hosoki S, Poljak A, Lam BCP, Rust R, Sagare A, Zlokovic B, Thalamuthu A, Sachdev PS. Fluid biomarkers of the neurovascular unit in cerebrovascular disease and vascular cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100216. [PMID: 38510579 PMCID: PMC10951911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which maintains the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), has been identified as a critical mechanism in the development of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking NVU dysfunction to the disorders is incomplete, and reliable blood biomarkers to measure NVU dysfunction are yet to be established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify biomarkers associated with BBB dysfunction in large vessel disease, small vessel disease (SVD) and vascular cognitive disorders (VCD). Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and PsychINFO to identify blood biomarkers related to dysfunction of the NVU in disorders with vascular pathologies published until 20 November 2023. Studies that assayed one or more specific markers in human serum or plasma were included. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Effects were pooled and methodological heterogeneity examined using the random effects model. Results A total of 112 studies were included in this review. Where study numbers allowed, biomarkers were analysed using random effect meta-analysis for VCD (1 biomarker; 5 studies) and cerebrovascular disorders, including stroke and SVD (9 biomarkers; 29 studies) while all remaining biomarkers (n = 17 biomarkers; 78 studies) were examined through qualitative analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient (Q-Alb) reliably differentiates VCD patients from healthy controls (MD = 2.77; 95 % CI = 1.97-3.57; p < 0.0001) while commonly measured biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (VEGF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, vWF and E-selectin) and neuronal injury (NfL) were significantly elevated in vascular pathologies. A qualitative assessment of non-meta-analysed biomarkers revealed NSE, NfL, vWF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, lipocalin-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels to be upregulated in VCD, although these findings were not consistently replicated. Conclusions This review identifies several promising biomarkers of NVU dysfunction which require further validation. A panel of biomarkers representing multiple pathophysiological pathways may offer greater discriminative power in distinguishing possible disease mechanisms of VCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Hansra
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Satoshi Hosoki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Chun Pan Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abhay Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Virtuoso A, Galanis C, Lenz M, Papa M, Vlachos A. Regional Microglial Response in Entorhino-Hippocampal Slice Cultures to Schaffer Collateral Lesion and Metalloproteinases Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2346. [PMID: 38397023 PMCID: PMC10889226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes are essential in sustaining physiological networks in the central nervous system, with their ability to remodel the extracellular matrix, being pivotal for synapse plasticity. Recent findings have challenged the traditional view of homogenous glial populations in the brain, uncovering morphological, functional, and molecular heterogeneity among glial cells. This diversity has significant implications for both physiological and pathological brain states. In the present study, we mechanically induced a Schaffer collateral lesion (SCL) in mouse entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures to investigate glial behavior, i.e., microglia and astrocytes, under metalloproteinases (MMPs) modulation in the lesioned area, CA3, and the denervated region, CA1. We observed distinct response patterns in the microglia and astrocytes 3 days after the lesion. Notably, GFAP-expressing astrocytes showed no immediate changes post-SCL. Microglia responses varied depending on their anatomical location, underscoring the complexity of the hippocampal neuroglial network post-injury. The MMPs inhibitor GM6001 did not affect microglial reactions in CA3, while increasing the number of Iba1-expressing cells in CA1, leading to a withdrawal of their primary branches. These findings highlight the importance of understanding glial regionalization following neural injury and MMPs modulation and pave the way for further research into glia-targeted therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Virtuoso
- Neuronal Morphology Networks and Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (C.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (C.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (C.G.); (A.V.)
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michele Papa
- Neuronal Morphology Networks and Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (C.G.); (A.V.)
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks–BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Su Z, Liu M, Yuan Y, Jiao H. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation selectively affects cortical neurovascular coupling across neuronal types and LFP frequency bands. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad465. [PMID: 38044470 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have affirmed that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can influence cortical neurovascular coupling across low-frequency (0-2 Hz)/high-frequency (160-200 Hz) neural oscillations and hemodynamics. Nevertheless, the selectivity of this coupling triggered by transcranial ultrasound stimulation for spike activity (> 300 Hz) and additional frequency bands (4-150 Hz) remains elusive. We applied transcranial ultrasound stimulation to mice visual cortex while simultaneously recording total hemoglobin concentration, spike activity, and local field potentials. Our findings include (1) a significant increase in coupling strength between spike firing rates of putative inhibitory neurons/putative excitatory neurons and total hemoglobin concentration post-transcranial ultrasound stimulation; (2) an ~ 2.1-fold higher Pearson correlation coefficient between putative inhibitory neurons and total hemoglobin concentration compared with putative excitatory neurons and total hemoglobin concentration (*P < 0.05); (3) a notably greater cross-correlation between putative inhibitory neurons and total hemoglobin concentration than that between putative excitatory neurons and total hemoglobin concentration (*P < 0.05); (4) an enhancement of Pearson correlation coefficient between the relative power of γ frequency band (30-80 Hz), hγ frequency band (80-150 Hz) and total hemoglobin concentration following transcranial ultrasound stimulation (*P < 0.05); and (5) strongest cross-correlation observed at negative delay for θ frequency band, and positive delay for α, β, γ, hγ frequency bands. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cortical neurovascular coupling evoked by transcranial ultrasound stimulation exhibits selectivity concerning neuronal types and local field potential frequency bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Su
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Honglei Jiao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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20
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Schirò G, Sorbello G, Di Liegro I. Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38247841 PMCID: PMC10813980 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental structure that protects the composition of the brain by determining which ions, metabolites, and nutrients are allowed to enter the brain from the blood or to leave it towards the circulation. The BBB is structurally composed of a layer of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) bound to each other through tight junctions (TJs). However, its development as well as maintenance and properties are controlled by the other brain cells that contact the BCECs: pericytes, glial cells, and even neurons themselves. Astrocytes seem, in particular, to have a very important role in determining and controlling most properties of the BBB. Here, we will focus on these latter cells, since the comprehension of their roles in brain physiology has been continuously expanding, even including the ability to participate in neurotransmission and in complex functions such as learning and memory. Accordingly, pathological conditions that alter astrocytic functions can alter the BBB's integrity, thus compromising many brain activities. In this review, we will also refer to different kinds of in vitro BBB models used to study the BBB's properties, evidencing its modifications under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienzee Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienzee Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Foundation Institute “G. Giglio”, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sorbello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
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21
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Zhou C, Li JX, Zheng CX, Zhou XQ, Chen C, Qiu SW, Liu WH, Li H. Neuroprotective effects of Jie-du-huo-xue decoction on microglia pyroptosis after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion--From the perspective of glial-vascular unit. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116990. [PMID: 37536647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke poses a serious risk to public health and quality of life. Jie-Du-Huo-Xue decoction (JDHXD) is a classical and well-known Chinese formula for stroke treatment, but the pharmacological mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying microglial pyroptosis and polarization, as well as the potential efficacy of JDHXD against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Models of CIRI were established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) method in rats. In the first stage, 36 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, I/R group, JDHXD-L group (5.36 g/kg/day), JDHXD-M group (10.71 g/kg/day), JDHXD-H group (21.42 g/kg/day), and positive drug edaravone group. The effectiveness of JDHXD on CIRI was confirmed by neurological function testing and cerebral infarct measuring. The best dose (JDXHD-M) was subsequently chosen to perform the tests that followed. In the second stage, 36 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the I/R group, and the JDHXD-M group. Detection of nerve damage using Nissl staining, proteins of pyroptosis, Iba-1, and NeuN expressions were detected by western blotting, and proteins of microglial pyroptosis and M1/M2 phenotypic polarization were detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In rats after CIRI, JDHXD significantly reduced neurological impairment and cerebral infarction. In addition, JDHXD facilitated the M1-to-M2 transition of microglia in order to minimize neuroinflammation and improve anti-inflammatory repair. In addition, JDXHD inhibited microglial pyroptosis by blocking the cleavage of caspase-1 P10 and gasdermin D, hence reducing neuronal damage and enhancing neuronal survival following reperfusion. Interestingly, JDHXD also demonstrated a protective effect on the glial-vascular unit (GVU). CONCLUSIONS Our investigation demonstrated that JDHXD exerted a GVU-protective effect on CIRI rats by decreasing neuroinflammation-associated microglial pyroptosis, suppressing microglial M1 activation, and promoting microglial M2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhou
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics of Hunan Provine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Jin-Xia Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Cai-Xing Zheng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhou
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Qiu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Wang-Hua Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics of Hunan Provine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics of Hunan Provine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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22
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Li L, Zuo S, Liu Y, Yang L, Ge S, Ye F, Chai P, Lu L. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Sequencing Reveals Tissue Architecture and Deciphers Pathological Reprogramming During Retinal Ischemia in Macaca fascicularis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:27. [PMID: 38214685 PMCID: PMC10790672 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute retinal arterial ischemia diseases (ARAIDs) are ocular emergencies that require immediate intervention within a restricted therapeutic window to prevent blindness. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of ARAIDs remain enigmatic. Herein, we present the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) alterations during ischemia in the primate retina as a preliminary endeavor in understanding the molecular complexities of ARAIDs. Methods An ophthalmic artery occlusion model was established through ophthalmic artery ligation in two Macaca fascicularis. scRNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were used to detect retinal changes during ischemia, which are further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. Western blot and flow cytometry assays were performed to measure the microglia polarization status. Results The findings of this study reveal notable changes in the retina under acute ischemic conditions. Particularly, retinal ischemia compromised mitochondrial functions of rod photoreceptors, partly leading to the rapid loss of healthy rods. Furthermore, we observed a noteworthy transcriptional alteration in the activation of microglia induced by ischemia. The targeted correction of the proinflammatory cytokine CXCL8 effectively suppresses microglia M1 polarization in retinal ischemia, ultimately reducing the proinflammatory transformation in vitro. In addition, retina ischemia induced the apoptotic inclination of endothelial cells and the heightened interaction with microglia, which signifies the influence of microglia in disrupting the retinal-blood barrier. Conclusions Our research has successfully identified and described the pathologic alterations occurring in several cell types during a short period of ischemia. These observations provide valuable insights for ameliorating retinal damage and promoting the restoration of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sipeng Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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23
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Liu A, Sun J, Tiwari S, Wong J, Wang H, Tang D, Han Z. Effect of Chinese herbal formulae (BU-SHEN-YI-QI granule) treatment on thrombin expression after ischemia/reperfusion. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2173311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Sagun Tiwari
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
- International Education College, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - John Wong
- School of Nursing and Department of Occupational Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Tang
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Han
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
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24
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Rowsthorn E, Pham W, Nazem-Zadeh MR, Law M, Pase MP, Harding IH. Imaging the neurovascular unit in health and neurodegeneration: a scoping review of interdependencies between MRI measures. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:97. [PMID: 38129925 PMCID: PMC10734164 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex structure that facilitates nutrient delivery and metabolic waste clearance, forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and supports fluid homeostasis in the brain. The integrity of NVU subcomponents can be measured in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including quantification of enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS), BBB permeability, cerebral perfusion and extracellular free water. The breakdown of NVU subparts is individually associated with aging, pathology, and cognition. However, how these subcomponents interact as a system, and how interdependencies are impacted by pathology remains unclear. This systematic scoping review identified 26 studies that investigated the inter-relationships between multiple subcomponents of the NVU in nonclinical and neurodegenerative populations using MRI. A further 112 studies investigated associations between the NVU and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We identify two putative clusters of NVU interdependencies: a 'vascular' cluster comprising BBB permeability, perfusion and basal ganglia ePVS; and a 'fluid' cluster comprising ePVS, free water and WMH. Emerging evidence suggests that subcomponent coupling within these clusters may be differentially related to aging, neurovascular injury or neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Rowsthorn
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - William Pham
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, 762-772 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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25
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Naghieh P, Delavar A, Amiri M, Peremans H. Astrocyte's self-repairing characteristics improve working memory in spiking neuronal networks. iScience 2023; 26:108241. [PMID: 38047076 PMCID: PMC10692671 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play a significant role in the working memory (WM) mechanism, yet their contribution to spiking neuron-astrocyte networks (SNAN) is underexplored. This study proposes a non-probabilistic SNAN incorporating a self-repairing (SR) mechanism through endocannabinoid pathways to facilitate WM function. Four experiments were conducted with different damaging patterns, replicating close-to-realistic synaptic impairments. Simulation results suggest that the SR process enhances WM performance by improving the consistency of neuronal firing. Moreover, the intercellular astrocytic [Ca]2+ transmission via gap junctions improves WM and SR processes. With increasing damage, WM and SR activities initially fail for non-matched samples and then for smaller and minimally overlapping matched samples. Simulation results also indicate that the inclusion of the SR mechanism in both random and continuous forms of damage improves the resilience of the WM by approximately 20%. This study highlights the importance of astrocytes in synaptically impaired networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Naghieh
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Delavar
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahmood Amiri
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herbert Peremans
- Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Sosa MJ, Shih AY, Bonney SK. The elusive brain perivascular fibroblast: a potential role in vascular stability and homeostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1283434. [PMID: 38075961 PMCID: PMC10704358 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1283434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the brain, perivascular fibroblasts (PVFs) reside within the perivascular spaces (PVSs) of arterioles and large venules, however their physiological and pathophysiological roles remain largely unknown. PVFs express numerous extracellular matrix proteins that are found in the basement membrane and PVS surrounding large diameter vessels. PVFs are sandwiched between the mural cell layer and astrocytic endfeet, where they are poised to interact with mural cells, perivascular macrophages, and astrocytes. We draw connections between the more well-studied PVF pro-fibrotic response in ischemic injury and the less understood thickening of the vascular wall and enlargement of the PVS described in dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. We postulate that PVFs may be responsible for stability and homeostasis of the brain vasculature, and may also contribute to changes within the PVS during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sosa
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andy Y. Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephanie K. Bonney
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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27
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Postnov D, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Litvinenko E, Kurths J, Penzel T. Mechanisms of Activation of Brain's Drainage during Sleep: The Nightlife of Astrocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2667. [PMID: 37998402 PMCID: PMC10670149 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of functions, mechanisms of generation, and pathways of movement of cerebral fluids has a long history, but the last decade has been especially productive. The proposed glymphatic hypothesis, which suggests a mechanism of the brain waste removal system (BWRS), caused an active discussion on both the criticism of some of the perspectives and our intensive study of new experimental facts. It was especially found that the intensity of the metabolite clearance changes significantly during the transition between sleep and wakefulness. Interestingly, at the cellular level, a number of aspects of this problem have been focused on, such as astrocytes-glial cells, which, over the past two decades, have been recognized as equal partners of neurons and perform many important functions. In particular, an important role was assigned to astrocytes within the framework of the glymphatic hypothesis. In this review, we return to the "astrocytocentric" view of the BWRS function and the explanation of its activation during sleep from the viewpoint of new findings over the last decade. Our main conclusion is that the BWRS's action may be analyzed both at the systemic (whole-brain) and at the local (cellular) level. The local level means here that the neuro-glial-vascular unit can also be regarded as the smallest functional unit of sleep, and therefore, the smallest functional unit of the BWRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Postnov
- Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (O.S.-G.); (J.K.)
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Litvinenko
- Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (O.S.-G.); (J.K.)
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (O.S.-G.); (J.K.)
- Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Mack AF, Bihlmaier R, Deffner F. Shifting from ependyma to choroid plexus epithelium and the changing expressions of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37975746 DOI: 10.1113/jp284196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cells of the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium are specialized ependymal cells (ECs) but have distinct properties. The CP cells and ECs form single-cell sheets contiguous to each other at a transitional zone. The CP is underlined by a basal lamina and has barrier properties, whereas the ECs do not. The basal lamina of the CP is continuous with the glia limitans superficialis and, consequently, the CP stroma is continuous with the meninges along entering blood vessels. The CP has previously been reported to express aquaporin-1 (AQP1) mostly apically, and ECs show mostly basolateral aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression. Recent evidence in various systems has shown that in changing conditions the expression and distribution of AQP4 can be modified, involving phosphorylation and calmodulin-triggered translocation. Studies on the human CP revealed that AQP4 is also expressed in some CP cells, which is likely to be increased during ageing based on mouse data. Moreover, subependymal astrocytic processes in the ependyma-CP transition, forming a glial plate around blood vessels and facing the CP stroma, were strongly positive for AQP4. We propose that the increased AQP4 expression might be a compensatory mechanism for the observed reduction in CSF production in the ageing human brain. The high AQP4 density in the transition zone might facilitate the transport of water into and out of the CP stroma and serve as a drainage and clearing pathway for metabolites in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Mack
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronja Bihlmaier
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Deffner
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Alarcon-Martinez L, Shiga Y, Villafranca-Baughman D, Cueva Vargas JL, Vidal Paredes IA, Quintero H, Fortune B, Danesh-Meyer H, Di Polo A. Neurovascular dysfunction in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101217. [PMID: 37778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The timely regulation of blood flow is, therefore, essential to supply firing neurons in active areas with the oxygen and glucose they need for energy. Many glaucoma patients suffer from vascular deficits including reduced blood flow, impaired autoregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and blood-retina/brain-barrier breakdown. These processes are tightly regulated by a community of cells known as the neurovascular unit comprising neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia. In this review, the neurovascular unit takes center stage as we examine the ability of its members to regulate neurovascular interactions and how their function might be altered during glaucomatous stress. Pericytes receive special attention based on recent data demonstrating their key role in the regulation of neurovascular coupling in physiological and pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery and characterization of tunneling nanotubes, thin actin-based conduits that connect distal pericytes, which play essential roles in the complex spatial and temporal distribution of blood within the retinal capillary network. We discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurovascular interactions and their pathophysiological implications, while highlighting opportunities to develop strategies for vascular protection and regeneration to improve functional outcomes in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Villafranca-Baughman
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Cueva Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isaac A Vidal Paredes
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Healthy, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Wang DJJ, Hua J, Cao D, Ho ML. Neurofluids and the glymphatic system: anatomy, physiology, and imaging. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20230016. [PMID: 37191063 PMCID: PMC10607419 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 2012, the glymphatic system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system, including nutrient delivery, waste clearance, and consistency of the ionic microenvironment. It is comprised of glial cells and barrier systems that modulate neurofluid production, circulation, and exchange. Experimental interrogation of neurofluid dynamics is restricted to ex vivo and in vitro studies in animals and humans, therefore diagnostic imaging plays an important role in minimally invasive evaluation. This review article will synthesize current knowledge and theories regarding neurofluid circulation and implications for neuroimaging. First, we will discuss the anatomy of the neurogliovascular unit, including paravascular and perivascular pathways of fluid exchange. In addition, we will summarize the structure and function of barrier systems including the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, and brain-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Next, we will mention physiologic factors that yield normal variations in neurofluid circulation, and how various disease pathologies can disrupt glymphatic drainage pathways. Lastly, we will cover the spectrum of diagnostic imaging and interventional techniques with relevance to glymphatic structure, flow, and function. We conclude by highlighting current barriers and future directions for translational imaging and applications to neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny JJ Wang
- Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Oezer K, Kolibabka M, Gassenhuber J, Dietrich N, Fleming T, Schlotterer A, Morcos M, Wohlfart P, Hammes HP. The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on experimental diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1551-1565. [PMID: 37423944 PMCID: PMC10520173 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are effective treatments for type 2 diabetes, effectively lowering glucose without weight gain and with low risk for hypoglycemia. However, their influence on the retinal neurovascular unit remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the GLP-1 RA lixisenatide on diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Vasculo- and neuroprotective effects were assessed in experimental diabetic retinopathy and high glucose-cultivated C. elegans, respectively. In STZ-diabetic Wistar rats, acellular capillaries and pericytes (quantitative retinal morphometry), neuroretinal function (mfERG), macroglia (GFAP western blot) and microglia (immunohistochemistry) quantification, methylglyoxal (LC-MS/MS) and retinal gene expressions (RNA-sequencing) were determined. The antioxidant properties of lixisenatide were tested in C. elegans. RESULTS Lixisenatide had no effect on glucose metabolism. Lixisenatide preserved the retinal vasculature and neuroretinal function. The macro- and microglial activation was mitigated. Lixisenatide normalized some gene expression changes in diabetic animals to control levels. Ets2 was identified as a regulator of inflammatory genes. In C. elegans, lixisenatide showed the antioxidative property. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lixisenatide has a protective effect on the diabetic retina, most likely due to a combination of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of lixisenatide on the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuebra Oezer
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kolibabka
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Dietrich
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Morcos
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Stoffwechselzentrum Rhein-Pfalz, Belchenstraße 1-5, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paulus Wohlfart
- Sanofi, MSAT M&I Bioassays and Compliance, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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32
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Eom SH, Hong GL, Kang HB, Lee NS, Kim DK, Jeong YG, Kim CS, Yoo YC, Lee BH, Jung JY, Kim DS, Han SY. Neuroprotective Effects of Water Extract from Brown Algae Petalonia binghamiae in an Experimental Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8427-8443. [PMID: 37886974 PMCID: PMC10605114 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal cerebral ischemia (fCI) can result in brain injury and sensorimotor deficits. Brown algae are currently garnering scientific attention as potential therapeutic candidates for fCI. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the hot water extract of Petalonia binghamiae (wPB), a brown alga, in in vitro and in vivo models of fCI. The neuroprotective efficacy of wPB was evaluated in an in vitro excitotoxicity model established using HT-22 cells challenged with glutamate. Afterward, C57/BL6 mice were administered wPB for 7 days (10 or 100 mg/kg, intragastric) and subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) operation, which was used as an in vivo fCI model. wPB co-incubation significantly inhibited cell death, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, as well as stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant enzyme, and the nuclear translocation of its upstream regulator, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT-22 cells challenged with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Pretreatment with either dose of wPB significantly attenuated infarction volume, neuronal death, and sensorimotor deficits in an in vivo fCI model. Furthermore, the attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ischemic lesion accompanied the wPB-associated protection. This study suggests that wPB can counteract fCI via an antioxidative effect, upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ho Eom
- Healinnols Inc., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.H.E.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Geum-Lan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Hyun Bae Kang
- Healinnols Inc., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.H.E.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Young Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Chun-Sung Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Technology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- Department of Histology & Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61473, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
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Bora K, Kushwah N, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Wang Z, Chen J. Assessment of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37887287 PMCID: PMC10605292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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34
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Ren Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Hu H, Quicksall Z, Lee S, Morganti JM, Johnson LA, Asmann YW, Zhao N. Deconvolution reveals cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in the aging mouse brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16855. [PMID: 37803069 PMCID: PMC10558435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence highlights the crucial role of aging in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously explored human apoE-targeted replacement mice across different ages and identified distinct molecular pathways driven by aging. However, the specific contribution of different brain cell types to the gene modules underlying these pathways remained elusive. To bridge this knowledge gap, we employed a computational deconvolution approach to examine cell-type-specific gene expression profiles in major brain cell types, including astrocytes (AS), microglia (MG), oligodendroglia (OG), neurons (NEU), and vascular cells (VC). Our findings revealed that immune module genes were predominantly expressed in MG, OG, and VC. The lipid metabolism module genes were primarily expressed in AS, MG, and OG. The mitochondria module genes showed prominent expression in VC, and the synapse module genes were primarily expressed in NEU and VC. Furthermore, we identified intra- and inter-cell-type interactions among these module genes and validated their aging-associated expression changes using published single cell studies. Our study dissected bulk brain transcriptomics data at the cellular level, providing a closer examination of the cell-type contributions to the molecular pathways driven by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hongru Hu
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zachary Quicksall
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Sanders Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536, USA
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Sanders Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Sanders Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Soucy JR, Aguzzi EA, Cho J, Gilhooley MJ, Keuthan C, Luo Z, Monavarfeshani A, Saleem MA, Wang XW, Wohlschlegel J, Baranov P, Di Polo A, Fortune B, Gokoffski KK, Goldberg JL, Guido W, Kolodkin AL, Mason CA, Ou Y, Reh TA, Ross AG, Samuels BC, Welsbie D, Zack DJ, Johnson TV. Retinal ganglion cell repopulation for vision restoration in optic neuropathy: a roadmap from the RReSTORe Consortium. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:64. [PMID: 37735444 PMCID: PMC10514988 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies results in irreversible vision loss due to the mammalian central nervous system's limited regenerative capacity. RGC repopulation is a promising therapeutic approach to reverse vision loss from optic neuropathies if the newly introduced neurons can reestablish functional retinal and thalamic circuits. In theory, RGCs might be repopulated through the transplantation of stem cell-derived neurons or via the induction of endogenous transdifferentiation. The RGC Repopulation, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Optic Nerve Regeneration (RReSTORe) Consortium was established to address the challenges associated with the therapeutic repair of the visual pathway in optic neuropathy. In 2022, the RReSTORe Consortium initiated ongoing international collaborative discussions to advance the RGC repopulation field and has identified five critical areas of focus: (1) RGC development and differentiation, (2) Transplantation methods and models, (3) RGC survival, maturation, and host interactions, (4) Inner retinal wiring, and (5) Eye-to-brain connectivity. Here, we discuss the most pertinent questions and challenges that exist on the path to clinical translation and suggest experimental directions to propel this work going forward. Using these five subtopic discussion groups (SDGs) as a framework, we suggest multidisciplinary approaches to restore the diseased visual pathway by leveraging groundbreaking insights from developmental neuroscience, stem cell biology, molecular biology, optical imaging, animal models of optic neuropathy, immunology & immunotolerance, neuropathology & neuroprotection, materials science & biomedical engineering, and regenerative neuroscience. While significant hurdles remain, the RReSTORe Consortium's efforts provide a comprehensive roadmap for advancing the RGC repopulation field and hold potential for transformative progress in restoring vision in patients suffering from optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika A Aguzzi
- The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Julie Cho
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael James Gilhooley
- The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, England, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England, UK
| | - Casey Keuthan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziming Luo
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Aboozar Monavarfeshani
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meher A Saleem
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xue-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Petr Baranov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberly K Gokoffski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - William Guido
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H Snyder, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carol A Mason
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvonne Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ahmara G Ross
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian C Samuels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Callahan Eye Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Derek Welsbie
- Shiley Eye Institute and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287 MD, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Molecular Biology & Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Departments of Neuroscience, Molecular Biology & Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287 MD, USA.
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Chen Z, Will R, Kim SN, Busch MA, Dünker N, Dammann P, Sure U, Zhu Y. Novel Function of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1A3 in Glioblastoma: Pro-Angiogenesis through Paracrine PAI-1 and IL-8. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4422. [PMID: 37686698 PMCID: PMC10487054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-angiogenesis is a typical feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor. We have reported the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in proliferating vasculature in GBM patients. We hypothesized that ALDH1A3 may act as an angiogenesis promoter in GBM. Two GBM cell lines were lentivirally transduced with either ALDH1A3 (ox) or an empty vector (ev). The angiogenesis phenotype was studied in indirect and direct co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) with oxGBM cells (oxGBMs) and in an angiogenesis model in vivo. Angiogenesis array was performed in oxGBMs. RT2-PCR, Western blot, and double-immunofluorescence staining were performed to confirm the expression of targets identified from the array. A significantly activated angiogenesis phenotype was observed in ECs indirectly and directly co-cultured with oxGBMs and in vivo. Overexpression of ALDH1A3 (oxALDH1A3) led to a marked upregulation of PAI-1 and IL-8 mRNA and protein and a consequential increased release of both proteins. Moreover, oxALDH1A3-induced angiogenesis was abolished by the treatment of the specific inhibitors, respectively, of PAI-1 and IL-8 receptors, CXCR1/2. This study defined ALDH1A3 as a novel angiogenesis promoter. oxALDH1A3 in GBM cells stimulated EC angiogenesis via paracrine upregulation of PAI-1 and IL-8, suggesting ALDH1A3-PAI-1/IL-8 as a novel signaling for future anti-angiogenesis therapy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Core Facility Cellular Tools, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Su Na Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maike Anna Busch
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Panchenko PE, Hippauf L, Konsman JP, Badaut J. Do astrocytes act as immune cells after pediatric TBI? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106231. [PMID: 37468048 PMCID: PMC10530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are in contact with the vasculature, neurons, oligodendrocytes and microglia, forming a local network with various functions critical for brain homeostasis. One of the primary responders to brain injury are astrocytes as they detect neuronal and vascular damage, change their phenotype with morphological, proteomic and transcriptomic transformations for an adaptive response. The role of astrocytic responses in brain dysfunction is not fully elucidated in adult, and even less described in the developing brain. Children are vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), which represents a leading cause of death and disability in the pediatric population. Pediatric brain trauma, even with mild severity, can lead to long-term health complications, such as cognitive impairments, emotional disorders and social dysfunction later in life. To date, the underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the astrocytic response in pediatric TBI and propose a potential immune role of the astrocyte in response to trauma. We discuss the contribution of astrocytes in the local inflammatory cascades and secretion of various immunomodulatory factors involved in the recruitment of local microglial cells and peripheral immune cells through cerebral blood vessels. Taken together, we propose that early changes in the astrocytic phenotype can alter normal development of the brain, with long-term consequences on neurological outcomes, as described in preclinical models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Hippauf
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Alves ADH, Nucci MP, Ennes do Valle NM, Missina JM, Mamani JB, Rego GNA, Dias OFM, Garrigós MM, de Oliveira FA, Gamarra LF. Current overview of induced pluripotent stem cell-based blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:632-653. [PMID: 37424947 PMCID: PMC10324508 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show great ability to differentiate into any tissue, making them attractive candidates for pathophysiological investigations. The rise of organ-on-a-chip technology in the past century has introduced a novel way to make in vitro cell cultures that more closely resemble their in vivo environments, both structural and functionally. The literature still lacks consensus on the best conditions to mimic the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug screening and other personalized therapies. The development of models based on BBB-on-a-chip using iPSCs is promising and is a potential alternative to the use of animals in research.
AIM To analyze the literature for BBB models on-a-chip involving iPSCs, describe the microdevices, the BBB in vitro construction, and applications.
METHODS We searched for original articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus that used iPSCs to mimic the BBB and its microenvironment in microfluidic devices. Thirty articles were identified, wherein only 14 articles were finally selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data compiled from the selected articles were organized into four topics: (1) Microfluidic devices design and fabrication; (2) characteristics of the iPSCs used in the BBB model and their differentiation conditions; (3) BBB-on-a-chip reconstruction process; and (4) applications of BBB microfluidic three-dimensional models using iPSCs.
RESULTS This study showed that BBB models with iPSCs in microdevices are quite novel in scientific research. Important technological advances in this area regarding the use of commercial BBB-on-a-chip were identified in the most recent articles by different research groups. Conventional polydimethylsiloxane was the most used material to fabricate in-house chips (57%), whereas few studies (14.3%) adopted polymethylmethacrylate. Half the models were constructed using a porous membrane made of diverse materials to separate the channels. iPSC sources were divergent among the studies, but the main line used was IMR90-C4 from human fetal lung fibroblast (41.2%). The cells were differentiated through diverse and complex processes either to endothelial or neural cells, wherein only one study promoted differentiation inside the chip. The construction process of the BBB-on-a-chip involved previous coating mostly with fibronectin/collagen IV (39.3%), followed by cell seeding in single cultures (36%) or co-cultures (64%) under controlled conditions, aimed at developing an in vitro BBB that mimics the human BBB for future applications.
CONCLUSION This review evidenced technological advances in the construction of BBB models using iPSCs. Nonetheless, a definitive BBB-on-a-chip has not yet been achieved, hindering the applicability of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05529-060, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sabayan B, Doyle S, Rost NS, Sorond FA, Lakshminarayan K, Launer LJ. The role of population-level preventive care for brain health in ageing. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e274-e283. [PMID: 37201543 PMCID: PMC10339354 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, a worldwide demographic transition has led to an increasing number of older adults with chronic neurological conditions. These conditions, which have a profound effect on the cognitive function and physical ability of older adults, also have a long preclinical phase. This feature provides a unique opportunity to implement preventive measures for high-risk groups and the population as a whole, and therefore to reduce the burden of neurological diseases. The concept of brain health has emerged as the overarching theme to define overall brain function independently of underlying pathophysiological processes. We review the concept of brain health from the ageing and preventive care perspectives, discuss the mechanisms underpinning ageing and brain ageing, highlight the interplay of various forces resulting in deviation from brain health towards brain disease, and provide an overview of strategies to promote brain health with a life-course approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Neurology, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, St Paul, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Sara Doyle
- Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Natalia S Rost
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shulman I, Ageeva T, Kostennikov A, Ogurcov S, Tazetdinova L, Kabdesh I, Rogozhin A, Ganiev I, Rizvanov A, Mukhamedshina Y. Intrathecal Injection of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Spinal Cord Injury: A Feasibility Study in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098240. [PMID: 37175946 PMCID: PMC10179045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the current medical and social problems, as it causes deep disability in patients. The use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is one strategy for stimulating the post-traumatic recovery of the structure and function of the spinal cord. Here, we chose an optimal method for obtaining cytochalasin B-induced EVs, including steps with active vortex mixing for 60 s and subsequent filtration to remove nuclei and disorganized inclusions. The therapeutic potential of repeated intrathecal injection of autologous MSC-derived EVs in the subacute period of pig contused SCI was also evaluated for the first time. In this study, we observed the partial restoration of locomotor activity by stimulating the remyelination of axons and timely reperfusion of nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Shulman
- Neurosurgical Department No. 2, Republic Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Ageeva
- Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Kostennikov
- Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Ogurcov
- Neurosurgical Department No. 2, Republic Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan Tazetdinova
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilyas Kabdesh
- Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Rogozhin
- Department of Neurology, Kazan State Medical Academy-Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Father Professional Education, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilnur Ganiev
- Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- Center for Clinical Research for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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Lecca M, Pehlivan D, Suñer DH, Weiss K, Coste T, Zweier M, Oktay Y, Danial-Farran N, Rosti V, Bonasoni MP, Malara A, Contrò G, Zuntini R, Pollazzon M, Pascarella R, Neri A, Fusco C, Marafi D, Mitani T, Posey JE, Bayramoglu SE, Gezdirici A, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Cladera EA, Miravet E, Roldan-Busto J, Ruiz MA, Bauzá CV, Ben-Sira L, Sigaudy S, Begemann A, Unger S, Güngör S, Hiz S, Sonmezler E, Zehavi Y, Jerdev M, Balduini A, Zuffardi O, Horvath R, Lochmüller H, Rauch A, Garavelli L, Tournier-Lasserve E, Spiegel R, Lupski JR, Errichiello E. Bi-allelic variants in the ESAM tight-junction gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:681-690. [PMID: 36996813 PMCID: PMC10119151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential gatekeeper for the central nervous system and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is higher in infants with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We discovered a rare disease trait in thirteen individuals, including four fetuses, from eight unrelated families associated with homozygous loss-of-function variant alleles of ESAM which encodes an endothelial cell adhesion molecule. The c.115del (p.Arg39Glyfs∗33) variant, identified in six individuals from four independent families of Southeastern Anatolia, severely impaired the in vitro tubulogenic process of endothelial colony-forming cells, recapitulating previous evidence in null mice, and caused lack of ESAM expression in the capillary endothelial cells of damaged brain. Affected individuals with bi-allelic ESAM variants showed profound global developmental delay/unspecified intellectual disability, epilepsy, absent or severely delayed speech, varying degrees of spasticity, ventriculomegaly, and ICH/cerebral calcifications, the latter being also observed in the fetuses. Phenotypic traits observed in individuals with bi-allelic ESAM variants overlap very closely with other known conditions characterized by endothelial dysfunction due to mutation of genes encoding tight junction molecules. Our findings emphasize the role of brain endothelial dysfunction in NDDs and contribute to the expansion of an emerging group of diseases that we propose to rename as "tightjunctionopathies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lecca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Damià Heine Suñer
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Genomics of Health, Institute of Health Research of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Karin Weiss
- Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thibault Coste
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-1141 Neurodiderot, Paris, France
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yavuz Oktay
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | | | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Biochemistry-Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Contrò
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zuntini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alberto Neri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Ellen Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sadik Etka Bayramoglu
- Tertiary ROP Center, Health Science University Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey
| | | | - Emilia Amengual Cladera
- Genomics of Health, Institute of Health Research of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Elena Miravet
- Metabolic Pathologies and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Roldan-Busto
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Radiology Service, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - María Angeles Ruiz
- Metabolic Pathologies and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Cristofol Vives Bauzá
- Neurobiology, Institute of Health Research of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Liat Ben-Sira
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- AP-HM, Service de Génétique, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Begemann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheila Unger
- Medical Genetics Service, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serdal Güngör
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Research Center, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semra Hiz
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Ece Sonmezler
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir 35340, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Yoav Zehavi
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Pediatrics B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Michael Jerdev
- Poriya Medical Center and the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-1141 Neurodiderot, Paris, France
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Pediatrics B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edoardo Errichiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Fabbri R, Spennato D, Conte G, Konstantoulaki A, Lazzarini C, Saracino E, Nicchia GP, Frigeri A, Zamboni R, Spray DC, Benfenati V. The emerging science of Glioception: Contribution of glia in sensing, transduction, circuit integration of interoception. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108403. [PMID: 37024060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Interoception is the process by which the nervous system regulates internal functions to achieve homeostasis. The role of neurons in interoception has received considerable recent attention, but glial cells also contribute. Glial cells can sense and transduce signals including osmotic, chemical, and mechanical status of extracellular milieu. Their ability to dynamically communicate "listening" and "talking" to neurons is necessary to monitor and regulate homeostasis and information integration in the nervous system. This review introduces the concept of "Glioception" and focuses on the process by which glial cells sense, interpret and integrate information about the inner state of the organism. Glial cells are ideally positioned to act as sensors and integrators of diverse interoceptive signals and can trigger regulatory responses via modulation of the activity of neuronal networks, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We believe that understanding and manipulating glioceptive processes and underlying molecular mechanisms provide a key path to develop new therapies for the prevention and alleviation of devastating interoceptive dysfunctions, among which pain is emphasized here with more focused details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fabbri
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diletta Spennato
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Konstantoulaki
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzarini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saracino
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - David C Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Chen S, Li J, Meng S, He T, Shi Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Cao H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Gao Y. Microglia and macrophages in the neuro-glia-vascular unit: From identity to functions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106066. [PMID: 36889483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although both are myeloid cells located surrounding cerebral vasculature, vessel-associated microglia (VAM) and perivascular macrophages (PVMs) can be distinguished by their distinct morphologies, signatures and microscopic location. As key component of neuro-glia-vascular unit (NGVU), they play prominent roles in neurovasculature development and pathological process of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including phagocytosis, angiogenesis, vessel damage/protection and blood flow regulation, therefore serving as potential targets for therapeutics of a broad array of CNS diseases. Herein, we will provide a comprehensive overview of heterogeneity of VAM/PVMs, highlight limitations of current understanding in this field, and discuss possible directions of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Feng XF, Li MC, Lin ZY, Li MZ, Lu Y, Zhuang YM, Lei JF, Wang L, Zhao H. Tetramethylpyrazine promotes stroke recovery by inducing the restoration of neurovascular unit and transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1125412. [PMID: 37051111 PMCID: PMC10083399 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1125412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) as an active ingredient extracted from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. has been proved to penetrate blood-brain barrier (BBB) and show neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. However, whether TMP could regulate astrocytic reactivity to facilitate neurovascular restoration in the subacute ischemic stroke needs to be urgently verified. In this research, permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) model was conducted and TMP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administrated to rats once daily for 2 weeks. Neurological function was evaluated by motor deficit score (MDS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was implemented to analyze tissue injury and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was applied to exhibit vascular signals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to detect the neurovascular unit (NVU) ultrastructure. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was utilized to evaluate cerebral histopathological lesions. The neurogenesis, angiogenesis, A1/A2 reactivity, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and connexin 43 (Cx43) of astrocytes were observed with immunofluorescent staining. Then FGF2/PI3K/AKT signals were measured by western blot. Findings revealed TMP ameliorated neurological functional recovery, preserved NVU integrity, and enhanced endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis of rats with subacute ischemia. Shifting A1 to A2 reactivity, suppressing excessive AQP4 and Cx43 expression of astrocytes, and activating FGF2/PI3K/AKT pathway might be potential mechanisms of promoting neurovascular restoration with TMP after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-cong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-yue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Man-zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-ming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zhao
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Yao D, Zhang R, Xie M, Ding F, Wang M, Wang W. Updated Understanding of the Glial-Vascular Unit in Central Nervous System Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:503-518. [PMID: 36374471 PMCID: PMC10043098 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and their coordinated reactions to diverse neurological insults from a "glio-centric" view. GVU is a multicellular structure composed of glial cells, perivascular cells, and perivascular space. Each component is closely linked, collectively forming the GVU. The central roles of glial and perivascular cells and their multi-level interconnections in the GVU under normal conditions and in central nervous system (CNS) disorders have not been elucidated in detail. Here, we comprehensively review the intensive interactions between glial cells and perivascular cells in the niche of perivascular space, which take part in the modulation of cerebral blood flow and angiogenesis, formation of the blood-brain barrier, and clearance of neurotoxic wastes. Next, we discuss dysfunctions of the GVU in various neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression disorder. In addition, we highlight the possible therapies targeting the GVU, which may have potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruoying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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48
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Lochhead JJ, Williams EI, Reddell ES, Dorn E, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. High Resolution Multiplex Confocal Imaging of the Neurovascular Unit in Health and Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2023; 12:645. [PMID: 36831312 PMCID: PMC9954836 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is an anatomical group of cells that establishes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and coordinates cerebral blood flow in association with neuronal function. In cerebral gray matter, cellular constituents of the NVU include endothelial cells and associated pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. Dysfunction of the NVU is a common feature of diseases that affect the CNS, such as ischemic stroke. High-level evaluation of these NVU changes requires the use of imaging modalities that can enable the visualization of various cell types under disease conditions. In this study, we applied our confocal microscopy strategy using commercially available labeling reagents to, for the first time, simultaneously investigate associations between endothelial cells, the vascular basal lamina, pericytes, microglia, astrocytes and/or astrocyte end-feet, and neurites in both healthy and ischemic brain tissue. This allowed us to demonstrate ischemia-induced astrocyte activation, neurite loss, and microglial migration toward blood vessels in a single confocal image. Furthermore, our labeling cocktail enabled a precise quantification of changes in neurites and astrocyte reactivity, thereby showing the relationship between different NVU cellular constituents in healthy and diseased brain tissue. The application of our imaging approach for the simultaneous visualization of multiple NVU cell types provides an enhanced understanding of NVU function and pathology, a state-of-the-art advancement that will facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies for diseases of the CNS that exhibit neurovascular dysfunction, such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Lochhead
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Erica I. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Reddell
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Emma Dorn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Torm MEW, Dorweiler TF, Fickweiler W, Levine SR, Fort PE, Sun JK, Gardner TW. Frontiers in diabetic retinal disease. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108386. [PMID: 36608490 PMCID: PMC10350338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinal disease (DRD) remains a leading cause of vision loss and blindness globally. Although treatments can be effective when given at vision-threatening stages of DRD, there is a lack of knowledge about the earliest mechanisms leading to the development of clinically evident DRD. Recent advances in retinal imaging methods for patients with diabetes allow a more precise and granular characterization of the different stages of DRD than is provided by the classic Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale based on fundus photographs. In addition, recent clinical studies have yielded more information on how to adjust blood glucose levels, lipid levels and blood pressure to minimize the risk of DRD. Given the incomplete success of current therapies, there is a critical need for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying DRD and novel treatment targets that address the entire neurovascular retina. Moreover, the causes for interindividual variability in the development of DRD in patients with similar glycemic history and other metabolic factors are not yet clarified either. Finally, greater focus on patients' experience with visual disabilities and treatment effects should be addressed in research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Wistrup Torm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tim F Dorweiler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ward Fickweiler
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Robert Levine
- Mary Tyler Moore and S. Robert Levine, M.D. Charitable Foundation, Greenwich, CT, USA
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Ala-Kauhaluoma M, Ijäs P, Koskinen SM, Nuotio K, Vikatmaa P, Silvennoinen H, Relander K, Lindsberg PJ, Soinne L, Summanen PA. Retinal vessel diameters and microvascular abnormalities in patients with carotid stenosis before and 6 months after carotid endarterectomy: A prospective study. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 36709474 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess retinal findings in patients with severe carotid stenosis (CS) before and after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) compared to those in controls. METHODS This study is based on 70 patients (male 81%, mean age 69) scheduled for CEA in Helsinki University Hospital and 41 healthy nonmedicated controls (male 76%, mean age 68). Our examinations included fundus photographs. Semi-automated software (Vesselmap, Imedos) served for evaluation of central retinal arterial equivalent (CRAE) and venular equivalent (CRVE), and arterio-venous ratio (AVR) in both eyes. We assessed fundus photographs to subjectively grade microvascular abnormalities in the ipsilateral eyes including focal arteriolar narrowing and irregularities, arteriolar wall reflex, arterio-venous crossing signs and arteriolar and venular tortuosity in the macula. RESULTS CRAE was similar in the ipsi-and contralateral eyes of our patients, and similar to that of the controls both pre- and postoperatively. Preoperatively, we observed higher CRVE in the patients' ipsilateral than in their contralateral eyes (222 vs. 217 μm, p = 0.009), and likewise higher than in controls' eyes (222 vs. 214 μm, p = 0.024). CRVE decreased postoperatively in the patients' ipsilateral eyes (222 vs. 217 μm, p = 0.037). Among the microvascular abnormalities, arteriolar and venular tortuosity in the macula showed higher grades in the patients than in the controls preoperatively (p = 0.035 and p = 0.043), but not postoperatively (p = 0.15 and p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS CRVE decreased after CEA, showing that venules constrict after the mechanical hindrance of blood flow is removed. Higher grades in arteriolar and venular tortuosity in the macula, a potential ocular biomarker of CS, subsided after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ala-Kauhaluoma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Ijäs
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Koskinen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Nuotio
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka Vikatmaa
- Department of Vascular surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Silvennoinen
- Department of Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Relander
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu J Lindsberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Soinne
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula A Summanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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