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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Influence of human gut microbiome on the healthy and the neurodegenerative aging. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112497. [PMID: 38909763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health throughout the lifespan by influencing brain function during aging. The microbial diversity of the human gut microbiome decreases during the aging process and, as a consequence, several mechanisms increase, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and microbial gut dysbiosis. Moreover, evidence indicates that aging and neurodegeneration are closely related; consequently, the gut microbiome may serve as a novel marker of lifespan in the elderly. In this narrative study, we investigated how the changes in the composition of the gut microbiome that occur in aging influence to various neuropathological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD); and which are the possible mechanisms that govern the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognitive impairment. In addition, several studies suggest that the gut microbiome may be a potential novel target to improve hallmarks of brain aging and to promote healthy cognition; therefore, current and future therapeutic interventions have been also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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2
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Ichegiri A, Kodolikar K, Bagade V, Selukar M, Dey T. Mitochondria: A source of potential biomarkers for non-communicable diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:334-365. [PMID: 38797544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as an endosymbiont of eukaryotic cells, controls multiple cellular activities, including respiration, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid synthesis, and death. Though the majority of functional mitochondrial proteins are translated through a nucleus-controlled process, very few of them (∼10%) are translated within mitochondria through their own machinery. Germline and somatic mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA significantly impact mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Such modifications disturbing mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, or mitophagy eventually resulted in cellular pathophysiology. In this chapter, we discussed the impact of mitochondria and its dysfunction on several non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular problems. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its outcome could be screened by currently available omics-based techniques, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging. Such characterization could be evaluated as potential biomarkers to assess the disease burden and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Ichegiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Kshitij Kodolikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Vaibhavi Bagade
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mrunal Selukar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tuli Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
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3
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Pandey S, Anang V, Schumacher MM. Mitochondria driven innate immune signaling and inflammation in cancer growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:223-247. [PMID: 38782500 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important and multifaceted role in cellular function, catering to the cell's energy and biosynthetic requirements. They modulate apoptosis while responding to diverse extracellular and intracellular stresses including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nutrient and oxygen scarcity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and signaling via surface death receptors. Integral components of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cardiolipin, and formyl peptides serve as major damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules activate multiple innate immune pathways both in the cytosol [such as Retionoic Acid-Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-1) and Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS)] and on the cell surface [including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)]. This activation cascade leads to the release of various cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and other inflammatory molecules and oxidative species. The innate immune pathways further induce chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment which either promotes survival and proliferation or promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and therapeutic resistance in the cancer cell's. Chronic activation of innate inflammatory pathways in tumors also drives immunosuppressive checkpoint expression in the cancer cells and boosts the influx of immune-suppressive populations like Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cancer. Thus, sensing of cellular stress by the mitochondria may lead to enhanced tumor growth. In addition to that, the tumor microenvironment also becomes a source of immunosuppressive cytokines. These cytokines exert a debilitating effect on the functioning of immune effector cells, and thus foster immune tolerance and facilitate immune evasion. Here we describe how alteration of the mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular stress drives innate inflammatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Vandana Anang
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Michelle M Schumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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4
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Fallows ESV. Lifestyle medicine: a cultural shift in medicine that can drive integration of care. Future Healthc J 2023; 10:226-231. [PMID: 38162213 PMCID: PMC10753218 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Our traditional medical mindset and healthcare culture are being severely challenged. In the face of novel infectious diseases, such as Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), along with rising levels of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, psychiatric illness, cardiovascular disease and cancer, many argue that current healthcare practices are failing to meet our needs. Energy and vision for a new way of practicing medicine are colliding, from both top-down, driven by policy, and bottom-up, driven by clinicians and patients. Policy makers have laid out the need for integration of healthcare delivery to address the complex chronic disease burden; creating integrated care partnerships, health and wellbeing boards and primary care networks to bring together 'at the place level' primary and secondary care, mental and public health services, social care and the voluntary sector. In practice, this is starting to build lasting working relationships between previously siloed services, to address the complex environmental, social, cultural, lifestyle and biopsychosocial drivers of ill health rather than simply providing access to hospitals, doctors and medication. Similarly, out of frustration with our traditional pharmaceutically driven medical model, grass-roots clinicians have built a new vision for their role in this better integrated health system, with the discipline of lifestyle medicine.
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5
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Lin Y, Yang B, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Ma L, Shen YQ. Mitochondrial DNA-targeted therapy: A novel approach to combat cancer. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100113. [PMID: 37554301 PMCID: PMC10404627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins and RNAs that are essential for mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis, and participates in important processes of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. Alterations in mtDNA are associated with various diseases, especially cancers, and are considered as biomarkers for some types of tumors. Moreover, mtDNA alterations have been found to affect the proliferation, progression and metastasis of cancer cells, as well as their interactions with the immune system and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The important role of mtDNA in cancer development makes it a significant target for cancer treatment. In recent years, many novel therapeutic methods targeting mtDNA have emerged. In this study, we first discussed how cancerogenesis is triggered by mtDNA mutations, including alterations in gene copy number, aberrant gene expression and epigenetic modifications. Then, we described in detail the mechanisms underlying the interactions between mtDNA and the extramitochondrial environment, which are crucial for understanding the efficacy and safety of mtDNA-targeted therapy. Next, we provided a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in cancer therapy strategies that target mtDNA. We classified them into two categories based on their mechanisms of action: indirect and direct targeting strategies. Indirect targeting strategies aimed to induce mtDNA damage and dysfunction by modulating pathways that are involved in mtDNA stability and integrity, while direct targeting strategies utilized molecules that can selectively bind to or cleave mtDNA to achieve the therapeutic efficacy. This study highlights the importance of mtDNA-targeted therapy in cancer treatment, and will provide insights for future research and development of targeted drugs and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Longyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Salazar J, Durán P, Díaz MP, Chacín M, Santeliz R, Mengual E, Gutiérrez E, León X, Díaz A, Bernal M, Escalona D, Hernández LAP, Bermúdez V. Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Ageing: A Possible Age Modulator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105845. [PMID: 37239571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been the subject of intense research in recent years. Therefore, numerous factors affecting its composition have been thoroughly examined, and with them, their function and role in the individual's systems. The gut microbiota's taxonomical composition dramatically impacts older adults' health status. In this regard, it could either extend their life expectancy via the modulation of metabolic processes and the immune system or, in the case of dysbiosis, predispose them to age-related diseases, including bowel inflammatory and musculoskeletal diseases and metabolic and neurological disorders. In general, the microbiome of the elderly tends to present taxonomic and functional changes, which can function as a target to modulate the microbiota and improve the health of this population. The GM of centenarians is unique, with the faculty-promoting metabolic pathways capable of preventing and counteracting the different processes associated with age-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can exhibit anti-ageing properties are mainly based on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. This review focuses on analysing the current knowledge of gut microbiota characteristics and modifiers, its relationship with ageing, and the GM-modulating approaches to increase life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Sociedad Internacional de Rejuvenecimiento Facial No Quirúrgico (SIRF), Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Raquel Santeliz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Edgardo Mengual
- Biological Research Institute "Doctors Orlando Castejon and Haydee V Castejon", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Emma Gutiérrez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Xavier León
- Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Marycarlota Bernal
- Facultad de Ingenierias, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia
| | - Daniel Escalona
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | | | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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López-Otín C, Pietrocola F, Roiz-Valle D, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Meta-hallmarks of aging and cancer. Cell Metab 2023; 35:12-35. [PMID: 36599298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Both aging and cancer are characterized by a series of partially overlapping "hallmarks" that we subject here to a meta-analysis. Several hallmarks of aging (i.e., genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis) are very similar to specific cancer hallmarks and hence constitute common "meta-hallmarks," while other features of aging (i.e., telomere attrition and stem cell exhaustion) act likely to suppress oncogenesis and hence can be viewed as preponderantly "antagonistic hallmarks." Disabled macroautophagy and cellular senescence are two hallmarks of aging that exert context-dependent oncosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic effects. Similarly, the equivalence or antagonism between aging-associated deregulated nutrient-sensing and cancer-relevant alterations of cellular metabolism is complex. The agonistic and antagonistic relationship between the processes that drive aging and cancer has bearings for the age-related increase and oldest age-related decrease of cancer morbidity and mortality, as well as for the therapeutic management of malignant disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - David Roiz-Valle
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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8
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Insights into the Relationship between Pentraxin-3 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315302. [PMID: 36499628 PMCID: PMC9739619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer can be cured if detected early and treated effectively, it is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Tumor development can be limited by an appropiate immune response, but it can be promoted by chronic extensive inflammation through metabolic dysregulation and angiogenesis. In the past decade, numerous efforts have been made in order to identify novel candidates with predictive values in cancer diagnostics. In line with this, researchers have investigated the involvement of pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) in cellular proliferation and immune escape in various types of cancers, although it has not been clearly elucidated. PTX-3 is a member of the long pentraxin subfamily which plays an important role in regulating inflammation, innate immunity response, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Increased synthesis of inflammatory biomarkers and activation of different cellular mechanisms can induce PTX-3 expression in various types of cells (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells). PTX-3 has both pro- and anti-tumor functions, thus dual functions in oncogenesis. This review elucidates the potential usefulness of PTX-3 as a serum biomarker in cancer. While future investigations are needed, PTX-3 is emerging as a promising tool for cancer's diagnosis and prognosis, and also treatment monitoring.
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Szukiewicz D, Trojanowski S, Kociszewska A, Szewczyk G. Modulation of the Inflammatory Response in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Searching for Epigenetic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314663. [PMID: 36498989 PMCID: PMC9736994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Despite its incidence, the syndrome is poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed, and female patients are diagnosed with a delay. The heterogenous nature of this complex disorder results from the combined occurrence of genetic, environmental, endocrine, and behavioral factors. Primary clinical manifestations of PCOS are derived from the excess of androgens (anovulation, polycystic ovary morphology, lack of or scanty, irregular menstrual periods, acne and hirsutism), whereas the secondary manifestations include multiple metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders. Dietary and lifestyle factors play important roles in the development and course of PCOS, which suggests strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Many studies have shown a strong association between PCOS and chronic, low-grade inflammation both in the ovarian tissue and throughout the body. In the vast majority of PCOS patients, elevated values of inflammatory markers or their gene markers have been reported. Development of the vicious cycle of the chronic inflammatory state in PCOS is additionally stimulated by hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNA levels are presented in this review in the context of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory signaling in PCOS. Epigenetic modulation of androgenic activity in response to inflammatory signaling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Seweryn Trojanowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kociszewska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Yang K, Li J, Tao L. Purine metabolism in the development of osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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