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Yang Y, Geng C, Shen H, Chao J, Wang Z, Cong W, Li X, Ye G, Jiang Y. Systematical Mutational Analysis of FRATtide against Osteoclast Differentiation by Alanine Scanning. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1242-1249. [PMID: 39140067 PMCID: PMC11318000 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a global bone disease, results in decreased bone density, mass, and microarchitecture deterioration, increasing fracture risk. In previous research, FRATtide, a peptide derived from a glycogen synthase kinase-3 binding protein, effectively hindered osteoclast differentiation to yield therapeutically potent derivatives via single and double stapling. However, FRATtide's structure-activity relationship remains unclear. This study synthesized 25 FRATtide-derived peptides through systematic alanine scanning and evaluated their activities. Substitutions in Pro2, Leu5, Leu9, Val10, Leu11, Ser12, Asn14, Leu15, Ile16, Glu18, Arg22, Ser25, and Arg26 showed reduced activity, while FRT13 and FRT20 with Gly13 and Arg21 substitutions, respectively, displayed enhanced activities. F-actin binding and bone resorption assays on FRT13 and FRT20 showed better inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption compared with FRATtide. This study elucidated FRATtide's structure-activity relationship, thereby facilitating future structural optimization for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230032, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chenchen Geng
- School
of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230032, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huaxing Shen
- School
of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingru Chao
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute
of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wei Cong
- School
of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangming Ye
- Xinrui
Hospital, Xinwu District, Wuxi, 214000, China
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2
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Li L, Liu Y, Qian X, Zhou L, Fan Y, Yang X, Luo K, Chen Y. Modulating the phenotype and function of bone marrow-derived macrophages via mandible and femur osteoblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112000. [PMID: 38583238 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Various studies have been investigated the phenotypic and functional distinctions of craniofacial and long bone cells involved in bone regeneration. However, the process of bone tissue regeneration after bone grafting involves complicated interactions between different cell types at the donor-recipient site. Additionally, differences in alterations of the immune microenvironment at the recipient site remained to be explored. Osteoblasts (OBs) and macrophages (MØ) play essential roles in the bone restoration and regeneration processes in the bone and immune systems, respectively. The modulation of MØ on OBs has been extensively explored in the literature, whereas limited research has been conducted on the influence of OBs on the MØ phenotype and function. In the present study, OBs from the mandible and femur (MOBs and FOBs, respectively) promoted cranial defect regeneration in rats, with better outcomes noted in the MOBs-treated group. After MOBs transplantation, a significant inflammatory response was induced, accompanied by an early increase in IL-10 secretion. And then, there was an upregulation in M2-MØ-related cell markers and inflammatory factor expression. Condition media (CM) of OBs mildly inhibited apoptosis in MØ, enhanced their migration and phagocytic functions, and concurrently increased iNOS and Arg1 expression, with MOB-CM demonstrating more pronounced effects compared to FOB-CM. In conclusion, our investigation showed that MOBs and FOBs have the ability to modulate MØ phenotype and function, with MOBs exhibiting a stronger regulatory potential. These findings provide a new direction for improving therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration in autologous bone grafts from the perspective of the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China; Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijuan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China; Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshen Qian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China; Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China; Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China; Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuling Chen
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Dai J, Fischer NG, Rahimi JR, Wang H, Hu C, Chen W, Lin Y, Sang T, Chew HP, Kong L, Aparicio C, Ye Z, Huang S. Interpenetrating nanofibrillar membrane of self-assembled collagen and antimicrobial peptides for enhanced bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131480. [PMID: 38599427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a major clinical challenge, especially when infection necessitates prolonged antibiotic treatment. This study presents a membrane composed of self-assembled and interpenetrating GL13K, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from a salivary protein, in a collagen membrane for antimicrobial activity and enhanced bone regeneration. Commercially available collagen membranes were immersed in GL13K solution, and self-assembly was initiated by raising the solution pH to synthesize the multifunctional membrane called COL-GL. COL-GL was composed of interpenetrating large collagen fibers and short GL13K nanofibrils, which increased hydrophobicity, reduced biodegradation from collagenase, and stiffened the matrix compared to control collagen membranes. Incorporation of GL13K led to antimicrobial and anti-fouling activity against early oral surface colonizer Streptococcus gordonii while not affecting fibroblast cytocompatibility or pre-osteoblast osteogenic differentiation. GL13K in solution also reduced macrophage inflammatory cytokine expression and increased pro-healing cytokine expression. Bone formation in a rat calvarial model was accelerated at eight weeks with COL-GL compared to the gold-standard collagen membrane based on microcomputed tomography and histology. Interpenetration of GL13K within collagen sidesteps challenges with antimicrobial coatings on bone regeneration scaffolds while increasing bone regeneration. This strength makes COL-GL a promising approach to reduce post-surgical infections and aid bone regeneration in dental and orthopedic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The COL-GL membrane, incorporating the antimicrobial peptide GL13K within a collagen membrane, signifies a noteworthy breakthrough in bone regeneration strategies for dental and orthopedic applications. By integrating self-assembled GL13K nanofibers into the membrane, this study successfully addresses the challenges associated with antimicrobial coatings, exhibiting improved antimicrobial and anti-fouling activity while preserving compatibility with fibroblasts and pre-osteoblasts. The accelerated bone formation observed in a rat calvarial model emphasizes the potential of this innovative approach to minimize post-surgical infections and enhance bone regeneration outcomes. As a promising alternative for future therapeutic interventions, this material tackles the clinical challenges of extended antibiotic treatments and antibiotic resistance in bone regeneration scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Dai
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nicholas G Fischer
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joseph R Rahimi
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hongning Wang
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoming Hu
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wener Chen
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yifan Lin
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Sang
- School of Stomatology of Nanchang University & The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Division of Basic Research, Faculty of Odontology UIC Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Zhou Ye
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Zhang Q, Lou C, Li H, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Qi G, Cai X, Luo Q, Fan L, Li X, Lao W, Zhu W, Li X. Zinc hybrid polyester barrier membrane accelerates guided tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2024; 368:676-690. [PMID: 38458572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Barrier membranes play a pivotal role in the success of guided periodontal tissue regeneration. The biodegradable barriers predominantly used in clinical practice often lack sufficient barrier strength, antibacterial properties, and bioactivity, frequently leading to suboptimal regeneration outcomes. Although with advantages in mechanical strength, biodegradability and plasticity, bioinert aliphatic polyesters as barrier materials are usually polymerized via toxic catalysts, hard to be functionalized and lack of antibacterial properties. To address these challenges, we propose a new concept that controlled release of bioactive substance on the whole degradation course can give a bioinert aliphatic polyester bioactivity. Thus, a Zn-based catalytic system for polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and diols is created to prepare zinc covalent hybrid polyester (PBS/ZnO). The atomically-dispersed Zn2+ ions entering main chain of polyester molecules endow PBS/ZnO barrier with antibacterial properties, barrier strength, excellent biocompatibility and histocompatibility. Further studies reveal that relying on long-term controlled release of Zn2+ ions, the PBS/ZnO membrane greatly expedites osteogenetic effect in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) by enhancing the mitochondrial function of macrophages to induce M2 polarization. These findings show a novel preparation strategy of bioactive polyester biomaterials based on long term controlled release of bioactive substance that integrates catalysis, material structures and function customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chaoqian Lou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hang Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ganggang Qi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lijie Fan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weiwei Lao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Ma Z, Gao S, Chen L, Zhong H, Zhang C, Li T, Chen W, Zhang Y, Lin N. Osteoking promotes bone formation and bone defect repair through ZBP1-STAT1-PKR-MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Chin Med 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38238785 PMCID: PMC10797925 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoking has been used for fracture therapy with a satisfying clinical efficacy. However, its therapeutic properties and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHOD A bone defect rat model was established to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Osteoking by the dynamic observation of X-ray, micro-CT and histopathologic examination. Transcriptome profiling was performed to identify bone defect-related genes and Osteoking effective targets. Then, a "disease-related gene-drug target" interaction network was constructed and a list of key network targets were screened, which were experimentally verified. RESULTS Osteoking effectively promoted bone defect repair in rats by accelerating the repair of cortical bone and the growth of trabeculae. Histopathologically, the bone defect rats displayed lower histopathologic scores in cortical bone, cancellous bone and bone connection than normal controls. In contrast, Osteoking exerted a favorable effect with a dose-dependent manner. The abnormal serum levels of bone turnover markers, bone growth factors and bone metabolism-related biochemical indexes in bone defect rats were also reversed by Osteoking treatment. Following the transcriptome-based network investigation, we hypothesized that osteoking might attenuate the levels of ZBP1-STAT1-PKR-MLKL-mediated necroptosis involved into bone defect. Experimentally, the expression levels of ZBP1, STAT1, PKR and the hallmark inflammatory cytokines for the end of necroptosis were distinctly elevated in bone defect rats, but were all effectively reversed by Osteoking treatment, which were also suppressed the activities of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL in bone tissue supernatants. CONCLUSIONS Osteoking may promote bone formation and bone defect repair by regulating ZBP1-STAT1-PKR axis, leading to inhibit RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL activation-mediated necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhaochen Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Honggang Zhong
- BioMechanics Lab, Wang Jing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Weiheng Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 51 Anwai Xiaoguanjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Na Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Xiao Y, Xie X, Chen Z, Yin G, Kong W, Zhou J. Advances in the roles of ATF4 in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115864. [PMID: 37948991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by reduced bone mass, decreased strength, and enhanced bone fragility fracture risk. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) plays a role in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, redox balance, amino acid uptake, and glycolipid metabolism. ATF4 induces the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into osteoblasts, increases osteoblast activity, and inhibits osteoclast formation, promoting bone formation and remodeling. In addition, ATF4 mediates the energy metabolism in osteoblasts and promotes angiogenesis. ATF4 is also involved in the mediation of adipogenesis. ATF4 can selectively accumulate in osteoblasts. ATF4 can directly interact with RUNT-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and up-regulate the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osterix (Osx). Several upstream factors, such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP2/Smad signaling pathways, have been involved in ATF4-mediated osteoblast differentiation. ATF4 promotes osteoclastogenesis by mediating the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) signaling. Several agents, such as parathyroid (PTH), melatonin, and natural compounds, have been reported to regulate ATF4 expression and mediate bone metabolism. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the biological activities of ATF4 in maintaining bone homeostasis and inhibiting OP development. ATF4 has become a therapeutic target for OP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xunlu Xie
- Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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