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Lohtander T, Koso T, Huynh N, Hjelt T, Gestranius M, King AWT, Österberg M, Arola S. Bioactive Fiber Foam Films from Cellulose and Willow Bark Extract with Improved Water Tolerance. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8255-8265. [PMID: 38405518 PMCID: PMC10883019 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials are gaining increasing attention in the packaging industry as sustainable packaging material alternatives. Lignocellulosic polymers with high quantities of surface hydroxyls are inherently hydrophilic and hygroscopic, making them moisture-sensitive, which has been retarding the utilization of cellulosic materials in applications requiring high moisture resistance. Herein, we produced lightweight all-cellulose fiber foam films with improved water tolerance. The fiber foams were modified with willow bark extract (WBE) and alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). AKD improved the water stability, while the addition of WBE was found to improve the dry strength of the fiber foam films and bring additional functionalities, that is, antioxidant and ultraviolet protection properties, to the material. Additionally, WBE and AKD showed a synergistic effect in improving the hydrophobicity and water tolerance of the fiber foam films. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that the interactions among WBE, cellulose, and AKD were physical, with no formation of covalent bonds. The findings of this study broaden the possibilities to utilize cellulose-based materials in high-value active packaging applications, for instance, for pharmaceutical and healthcare products or as water-resistant coatings for textiles, besides bulk packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Lohtander
- Biomass
Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Tetyana Koso
- Biomass
Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Ngoc Huynh
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hjelt
- Biomass
Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Marie Gestranius
- Biomass
Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Biomass
Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Suvi Arola
- Biomass
Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
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Huynh N, Valle-Delgado JJ, Fang W, Arola S, Österberg M. Tuning the water interactions of cellulose nanofibril hydrogels using willow bark extract. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121095. [PMID: 37364945 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are increasingly used as precursors for foams, films and composites, where water interactions are of great importance. In this study, we used willow bark extract (WBE), an underrated natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds, as a plant-based modifier for CNF hydrogels, without compromising their mechanical properties. We found that the introduction of WBE into both native, mechanically fibrillated CNFs and TEMPO-oxidized CNFs increased considerably the storage modulus of the hydrogels and reduced their swelling ratio in water up to 5-7 times. A detailed chemical analysis revealed that WBE is composed of several phenolic compounds in addition to potassium salts. Whereas the salt ions reduced the repulsion between fibrils and created denser CNF networks, the phenolic compounds - which adsorbed readily on the cellulose surfaces - played an important role in assisting the flowability of the hydrogels at high shear strains by reducing the flocculation tendency, often observed in pure and salt-containing CNFs, and contributed to the structural integrity of the CNF network in aqueous environment. Surprisingly, the willow bark extract exhibited hemolysis activity, which highlights the importance of more thorough investigations of biocompatibility of natural materials. WBE shows great potential for managing the water interactions of CNF-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huynh
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Wenwen Fang
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Suvi Arola
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Sustainable Products and Materials, Functional Cellulose Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Oliver-Simancas R, Castangia I, Rodríguez-García AM, Alañón ME. Comprehensive review of natural based hydrogels as an upcoming trend for food packing. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jyske T, Liimatainen J, Tienaho J, Brännström H, Aoki D, Kuroda K, Reshamwala D, Kunnas S, Halmemies E, Nakayama E, Kilpeläinen P, Ora A, Kaseva J, Hellström J, Marjomäki VS, Karonen M, Fukushima K. Inspired by nature: Fiber networks functionalized with tannic acid and condensed tannin-rich extracts of Norway spruce bark show antimicrobial efficacy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1171908. [PMID: 37152647 PMCID: PMC10154533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1171908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated the antibacterial and antiviral potential of condensed tannins and tannic acid when incorporated into fiber networks tested for functional material purposes. Condensed tannins were extracted from industrial bark of Norway spruce by using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), followed by purification of extracts by using XADHP7 treatment to obtain sugar-free extract. The chemical composition of the extracts was analyzed by using HPLC, GC‒MS and UHPLC after thiolytic degradation. The test matrices, i.e., lignocellulosic handsheets, were produced and impregnated with tannin-rich extracts, and tannic acid was used as a commercial reference. The antibacterial and antiviral efficacy of the handsheets were analyzed by using bioluminescent bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus RN4220+pAT19 and Escherichia coli K12+pCGLS11) and Enterovirus coxsackievirus B3. Potential bonding of the tannin-rich extract and tannic acid within the fiber matrices was studied by using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The deposition characteristics (distribution and accumulation patterns) of tannin compounds and extracts within fiber networks were measured and visualized by direct chemical mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and digital microscopy. Our results demonstrated for the first time, how tannin-rich extracts obtained from spruce bark side streams with green chemistry possess antiviral and antibacterial properties when immobilized into fiber matrices to create substitutes for plastic hygienic products, personal protection materials such as surgical face masks, or food packaging materials to prolong the shelf life of foodstuffs and prevent the spread of infections. However, more research is needed to further develop this proof-of-concept to ensure stable chemical bonding in product prototypes with specific chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tuula Jyske,
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Tienaho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Brännström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Teknologiakatu 7, Kokkola, Finland
| | - Dan Aoki
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Susan Kunnas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ounasjoentie 6, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eelis Halmemies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eiko Nakayama
- Department of Environmental Science Design, Showa Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ora
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Varpu S. Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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