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Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent safety concerns surrounding the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have spurred research into identifying alternatives to GBCAs for use with magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes the molecular and pharmaceutical properties of a GBCA replacement and how these may be achieved. Complexes based on high-spin, divalent manganese (Mn 2+ ) have shown promise as general purpose and liver-specific contrast agents. A detailed description of the complex Mn-PyC3A is provided, describing its physicochemical properties, its behavior in different animal models, and how it compares with GBCAs. The review points out that, although there are parallels with GBCAs in how the chemical properties of Mn 2+ complexes can predict in vivo behavior, there are also marked differences between Mn 2+ complexes and GBCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Caravan
- From the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Hay MA, Gable RW, Boskovic C. Modulating the electronic properties of divalent lanthanoid complexes with subtle ligand tuning. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3315-3324. [PMID: 36806851 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds of formula [LnII(Mentpa)2](BPh4)2 (Ln = Eu, n = 0 (1-Eu), n = 2 (2-Eu) and n = 3 (3-Eu); Ln = Yb, n = 0 (1-Yb) and n = 2 (2-Yb); tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, n = 0-3 corresponds to successive methylation of the 6-position of the pyridine rings of Mentpa) have been synthesized and their structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties investigated. The LnII ions in the five complexes possess cubic coordination geometry and exhibit only small structural differences, due to the lengthening of the Ln-N bonds to accommodate the additional steric bulk associated with increasing methylation of the Mentpa ligands. Photophysical studies indicate moderate shifts in absorbance, emission and excitation bands associated with the 4f7 ↔ 4f65d1 (EuII) and 4f14 ↔ 4f135d1 (YbII) transitions, while electrochemistry reveals modulation of the redox potential of the LnII to LnIII oxidation. There is a strong correlation between Ln-N bond lengths and both the photophysical transition energies and metal redox-potentials, revealing how subtle ligand changes and ligand field effects can be used to modulate the electronic properties of complexes of divalent lanthanoid ions. Utilization of these insights may ultimately afford design and property tuning strategies for future functional molecular complexes based on divalent lanthanoid metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Robert W Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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3
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Willauer AR, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Sienkiewicz A, Mazzanti M. Structure and Reactivity of Polynuclear Divalent Lanthanide Disiloxanediolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7436-7447. [PMID: 35505299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear molecular complexes of europium (II) and ytterbium(II) [Ln3{(Ph2SiO)2O}3(THF)6], 1-Ln3L3 (Ln = Eu and Yb), supported by the dianionic tetraphenyl disiloxanediolate ligand, were synthesized via protonolysis of the [Ln{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2] complexes. In contrast, the reaction of [Sm{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2] with the (Ph2SiOH)2O ligand led to the isolation of the mixed-valent Sm(II)/Sm(III) complex [Sm3{(Ph2SiO)2O}3{N(SiMe3)2}(THF)4], 2-Sm3L3, which was crystallographically characterized. The Eu(II) complex 1-Eu3L3 displays weak ferromagnetic coupling between the Eu(II) metal centers (J = 0.1035 cm-1). The addition of 3 equiv of (Ph2SiOK)2O to 1-Eu3L3 resulted in the formation of the polynuclear Eu(II) dimer of dimers [K4Eu2{(Ph2SiO)2O}4(Et2O)2]2, 3-Eu2L4. Complexes 1-Ln3L3 (Ln = Eu and Yb) are stable in solution at room temperature, while 3-Eu2L4 shows higher reactivity and rapidly decomposes to give the mixed-valent Eu(II)/Eu(III) species [K3Eu2{(Ph2SiO)2O}4], 4-Eu2L4. Complex 1-Yb3L3 affects the slow reductive disproportionation of carbon dioxide, but 1-Eu3L3 does not display any reactivity toward CO2. However, the presence of one additional (Ph2SiO-)2O per Eu(II) metal center in 3-Eu2L4 increases dramatically the reductive ability of the Eu(II) metal centers, affording the first example of carbon dioxide activation by an isolated divalent europium complex. The reduction of CO2 by 3-Eu2L4 is immediate, and carbonate is formed selectively after the addition of a stoichiometric amount of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R Willauer
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,ADSresonances Sàrl; Route de Genève 60B, 1028 Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Galimov DI, Yakupova SM, Vasilyuk KS, Sabirov DS, Bulgakov RG. Effect of coordination environment of Eu2+ ion on the 5d-4f luminescence of molecular compounds EuL2(THF) (L = Cl, Br, I, NO3, Ac, fod, tmhd, and acac; x = 0, 2). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Andres J, Chauvin AS. Colorimetry of Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174022. [PMID: 32899208 PMCID: PMC7570272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Europium, terbium, dysprosium, and samarium are the main trivalent lanthanide ions emitting in the visible spectrum. In this work, the potential of these ions for colorimetric applications and colour reproduction was studied. The conversion of spectral data to colour coordinates was undertaken for three sets of Ln complexes composed of different ligands. We showed that Eu is the most sensitive of the visible Ln ions, regarding ligand-induced colour shifts, due to its hypersensitive transition. Further investigation on the spectral bandwidth of the emission detector, on the wavelengths’ accuracy, on the instrumental correction function, and on the use of incorrect intensity units confirm that the instrumental correction function is the most important spectrophotometric parameter to take into account in order to produce accurate colour values. Finally, we established and discussed the entire colour range (gamut) that can be generated by combining a red-emitting Eu complex with a green-emitting Tb complex and a blue fluorescent compound. The importance of choosing a proper white point is demonstrated. The potential of using different sets of complexes with different spectral fingerprints in order to obtain metameric colours suitable for anti-counterfeiting is also highlighted. This work answers many questions that could arise during a colorimetric analysis of luminescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Andres
- Section of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (A.-S.C.); Tel.: +41-21-693-7455 (J.A.); +41-21-693-9824 (A.-S.C.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Chauvin
- Section of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (A.-S.C.); Tel.: +41-21-693-7455 (J.A.); +41-21-693-9824 (A.-S.C.)
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6
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Basal LA, Kajjam AB, Bailey MD, Allen MJ. Systematic Tuning of the Optical Properties of Discrete Complexes of Eu II in Solution Using Counterions and Solvents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9476-9480. [PMID: 32618468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a systematic study of the influence of halides and solvents on the optical properties of EuII-containing complexes in solution starting from well-defined crystalline precursors. Anionic halides, chloride and bromide, blue-shift the spectroscopic properties of EuII, whereas neutral ligands, methanol and acetonitrile, cause a red shift. This system provides evidence that EuII has a stronger affinity for chloride, and to some extent bromide, relative to acetonitrile but not methanol. We also describe a simple procedure using an ion-exchange resin for the exchange of iodide counterions to hexafluorophosphate. These findings are a step toward designing ligands that can tune the optical properties of EuII-containing complexes for solution-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Basal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Colorado College, 1040 North Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, United States
| | - Aravind B Kajjam
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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7
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Hu H. Recent Advances of Bioresponsive Nano-Sized Contrast Agents for Ultra-High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Chem 2020; 8:203. [PMID: 32266217 PMCID: PMC7100386 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nowadays has been receiving enormous attention in both biomaterial research and clinical diagnosis. MRI contrast agents are generally comprising of T1-weighted and T2-weighted contrast agent types, where T1-weighted contrast agents show positive contrast enhancement with brighter images by decreasing the proton's longitudinal relaxation times and T2-weighted contrast agents show negative contrast enhancement with darker images by decreasing the proton's transverse relaxation times. To meet the incredible demand of MRI, ultra-high-field T2 MRI is gradually attracting the attention of research and medical needs owing to its high resolution and high accuracy for detection. It is anticipated that high field MRI contrast agents can achieve high performance in MRI imaging, where parameters of chemical composition, molecular structure and size of varied contrast agents show contrasted influence in each specific diagnostic test. This review firstly presents the recent advances of nanoparticle contrast agents for MRI. Moreover, multimodal molecular imaging with MRI for better monitoring is discussed during biological process. To fasten the process of developing better contrast agents, deep learning of artificial intelligent (AI) can be well-integrated into optimizing the crucial parameters of nanoparticle contrast agents and achieving high resolution MRI prior to the clinical applications. Finally, prospects and challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Hu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center in Intelligent Thermal Structures for Aerospace, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Lenora CU, Staples RJ, Allen MJ. Measurement of the Dissociation of Eu II-Containing Cryptates Using Murexide. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:86-93. [PMID: 30777754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation rates of five EuII-containing cryptates in water were measured using UV-visible spectroscopy and murexide at pH 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, and 9. Murexide was used as a coordinating dye for EuII. The results for a known cryptate were within experimental error of the value obtained using other methods and enabled the measurement of other cryptates. This validation of the use of murexide to study the dissociation of EuII-containing cryptates enables its use with other complexes of EuII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamika U Lenora
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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9
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Qi H, Zhao Z, Zhan G, Sun B, Yan W, Wang C, Wang L, Liu Z, Bian Z, Huang C. Air stable and efficient rare earth Eu( ii) hydro-tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes with tunable emission colors. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eu(ii) complexes with high air stability and tunable emission colors were synthesized and characterized.
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10
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Nielsen LG, Sørensen TJ. Including and Declaring Structural Fluctuations in the Study of Lanthanide(III) Coordination Chemistry in Solution. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:94-105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gundorff Nielsen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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11
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Kim S, Kim Y, Jin H, Park MH, Kim Y, Lee KM, Kim M. Europium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes/Ketones and Photoluminescence Tracking. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Program Research TeamChungbuk National University, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
| | - Youngik Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Program Research TeamChungbuk National University, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
| | - Hyomin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National University, Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 South Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry EducationChungbuk National University, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Program Research TeamChungbuk National University, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National University, Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 South Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Program Research TeamChungbuk National University, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
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12
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Harris M, Kolanowski JL, O'Neill ES, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Parac-Vogt TN, New EJ. Drawing on biology to inspire molecular design: a redox-responsive MRI probe based on Gd(iii)-nicotinamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12986-12989. [PMID: 30387480 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel, reversible redox-active MRI probe, GdNR1, has been developed for the study of redox changes associated with diseased states. This system exhibits switching in relaxivity upon reduction and oxidation of the appended nicotinimidium. Relaxivity studies and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the impressive reversibility of this system, at a biologically-relevant reduction potential. A 2.5-fold increase in relaxivity was observed upon reduction of the complex, which corresponds to a change in the number of inner-sphere water molecules, as confirmed by luminescence lifetimes of the Eu(iii) analogue and NMRD studies. This is the first example of a redox-responsive MRI probe utilising the biologically-inspired nicotinimidium redox switch. In the future this strategy could enable the non-invasive identification of hypoxic tissue and related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnlaan 200F, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
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Corbin BA, Basal LA, White SA, Shen Y, Haacke EM, Fishbein KW, Allen MJ. Screening of ligands for redox-active europium using magnetic resonance imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5274-5279. [PMID: 29653832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a screening procedure to predict ligand coordination to EuII and EuIII using magnetic resonance imaging in which bright images indicate complexation and dark images indicate no complexation. Here, paramagnetic GdIII is used as a surrogate for EuIII in the screening procedure to enable detection with magnetic resonance imaging. The screening procedure was tested using a set of eight ligands with known coordination to EuII and EuIII, and results were found to be consistent with expected binding. Validation of the screening procedure with known coordination chemistry enables use with new ligands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Lina A Basal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Susan A White
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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