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Zhu M, Wang Y, Zheng C, Luo Y, Li Y, Tan S, Sun Z, Ke Y, Peng C, Min X. Near-zero-waste processing of jarosite waste to achieve sustainability: A state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122396. [PMID: 39244925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Jarosite waste is a by-product generated from iron removal process in the jarosite process, which typically contains valuable metals including zinc, nickel, cobalt, silver, indium, and lead. Due to the large amount of jarosite and the less efficient and costly methods of recovering residual metals, it is mainly disposed by landfills. However, leachate generated from the landfills can release high concentrations of heavy metals, which contaminate nearby water resources and pose environmental and health risks. In this review, the environmental and resource properties of jarosite waste were briefly summarized. Then those pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and biological methods were discussed. In this review, considering the polymetallic properties and the low content of valuable metal elements of the jarosite waste, it is indicated that these processes had their own benefits and drawbacks such as overall yield, economic and technical constraints, and the necessity for combined processes to recycle multiple metal ions from jarosite wastes. Finally, this paper provided a critical and systematic review of studies on the novel green recycling technology for metals and material preparation based on the jarosite waste. This review can lay a guidance for the near-zero-waste processing of jarosite waste, with a particular focus on the combination of chemical and biological processes and waste-to-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yunyan Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Chujing Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92501, USA.
| | - Yongjian Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yun Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Shuaixia Tan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhumei Sun
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yong Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xiaobo Min
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Mariappan K, Alagarsamy S, Chen TW, Chen SM, Sakthinathan S, Chiu TW, Binobead MA, Ali MA, Elshikh MS. Cubic structured zinc ferrite methodically incorporated into porous graphene sheets as a selective Electrocatalyst for electrochemical detection of Carbendazim. Food Chem 2024; 461:140892. [PMID: 39178540 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) insecticides have been widely employed, raising serious concerns about their impacts on human health and the environment. A facile hydrothermal technique was used to prepare a zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) combined with porous graphene oxide (PGO) as a nanocomposite for selective CBZ detection. The ZnFe₂O₄/PGO nanocomposite was then used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), an affordable platform for CBZ detection. Various spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm the nanomaterial. The electrochemical properties were further investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ZnFe₂O₄/PGO nanocomposite modified the glassy carbon electrode surface for CBZ detection. A broad linear response range of 0.0039 to 200 μM, high sensitivity (2.184 μAμM-1 cm-2), a low detection limit of 0.0013 μM, outstanding stability, repeatability, and practical applicability are the intriguing qualities of the ZnFe₂O₄/PGO-modified electrode for CBZ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Mariappan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Saranvignesh Alagarsamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Subramanian Sakthinathan
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources, Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Chiu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources, Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Manal Abdulaziz Binobead
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture Food Science, King Saud university, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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He D, Jiang F, Fu X, Liu R, Han H, Sun W, Niu Z, Yue T. Recycling of hazardous jarosite residues based on hydrothermal crystal transformation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 172:290-298. [PMID: 37931548 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Jarosite [MeFe3(SO4)2(OH)6] is a typical non-ferrous smelting slag produced in the process of iron removal from hydrometallurgical solution, which contains a large number of valuable and toxic metal elements. Treating the complex and hazardous jarosite residue in an economically and environmentally sound way has always been an urgent problem. A novel one-step hydrothermal treatment method was proposed in this paper for recycling of jarosite residues. It can be seen from the XRD and TEM results that jarosite residues could be completely transformed into hematite crystal particles under hydrothermal conditions at temperature above 220℃. Meanwhile, other valuable metal components (such as nickel sulfate hexahydrate) entrained in the residue will be dissolved in the aqueous solution, which can be reused in the hydrometallurgical process. Through phase composition analysis of the hydrothermal process, it is concluded that jarosite was firstly pyrolyzed to generate Fe3+. The obtained Fe3+ was then hydrolyzed to Fe (OH)3, which was transformed into Fe2O3 through dehydration condensation and directional arrangement. Further roasting the hematite particles, the obtained product contained 62.57 % of Fe, but only 0.21 % of S and 0.04 % of As, which meets the requirements of raw materials for iron making. In addition, compared with the current international standard ISO 1248:2006 (E), the obtained hematite particles with nanometer size and single crystal structure can be used as iron oxide red pigment. Overall, the one-step hydrothermal treatment of jarosite residues followed by reduction roasting not only realizes the economic recycling of the metal resources, but also solves the stacking problem of those hazardous residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinzhuang Fu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Runqing Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haisheng Han
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Tong Yue
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Influence of Co doping on phase, structure and electrochemical properties of hydrothermally obtained Co xZn 1-xFe 2O 4 (x = 0.0-0.4) nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2531. [PMID: 36782044 PMCID: PMC9925717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, CoxZn1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.0-0.4) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 200 °C for 12 h. X-ray diffraction revealed a pure cubic spinel phase of all samples with space group Fd-3m. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry disclosed the vibrational modes of metal oxides in the spinel structure. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy disclosed a uniform distribution of cuboidal shape NPs with a decreased average NPs size from 22.72 ± 0.62 to 20.85 ± 0.47 nm as the Co content increased. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of Zn2+, Co2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ in Co-doped samples. The pore volume, pore size and specific surface area were determined using N2 gas adsorption/desorption isotherms by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) techniques. Electrochemical properties of supercapacitors, having active CoxZn1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.0-0.4) NPs as working electrodes, indicated pseudo-capacitor performance related to the Faradaic redox reaction. Interestingly, the highest specific capacitance (Csc), 855.33 F/g at 1 A/g, with a capacity retention of 90.41% after 1000 GCD cycle testing was achieved in the Co0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 electrode.
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Elango D, Manikandan V, Packialakshmi JS, Hatamleh AA, Alnafisi BK, Liu X, Zhang F, Jayanthi P. Synthesizing Ag 2O x(3 wt%)-loaded ZnFe 2O 4 photocatalysts for efficiently saving polluted aquatic ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136983. [PMID: 36306962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an Ag2Ox (3 wt%)-loaded ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts synthesized by co-precipitation and incipient wet impregnation approach for acetamiprid degradation, antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity assay. Initially, bare ZnFe2O4 nanostructures were made through a simple co-precipitation method. In the second step, 3 wt% of various transition metal oxides (CuOx, ZrOx, and Ag2Ox) were embedded on the surface of ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts via a wet impregnation method. Further, the prepared photocatalysts were systematically characterized using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, BET, HRTEM, and XPS analysis. The optimum Ag2Ox (3 wt%)-loaded ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts revealed higher degradation efficiencies for acetamiprid under sunlight irradiation. Additionally, the Ag2Ox (3 wt%)-loaded ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activity than blank and bare ZnFe2O4 nanomaterials. The enriched catalytic efficiency can be accredited to the 3 wt% of Ag2Ox NPs loaded on ZnFe2O4 nanomaterials, possibly due to the boosted transport properties of the electron-hole pairs. This study will provide a new avenue for the development of simple and effective photocatalysts for efficiently saving polluted aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Elango
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velu Manikandan
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangno, Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 077, India
| | | | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Khalid Alnafisi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinghui Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; Department of Materials Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMTS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
| | - Palaniyappan Jayanthi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Escalona-Villalpando RA, Viveros-Palma K, Espinosa-Lagunes FI, Rodríguez-Morales JA, Arriaga LG, Macazo FC, Minteer SD, Ledesma-García J. Comparative Colorimetric Sensor Based on Bi-Phase γ-/α-Fe 2O 3 and γ-/α-Fe 2O 3/ZnO Nanoparticles for Lactate Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1025. [PMID: 36421143 PMCID: PMC9688618 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on Fe2O3 and ZnO materials for lactate quantification. In the synthesis, the bi-phase γ-/α-Fe2O3 and γ-/α-Fe2O3/ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained for their application in a lactate colorimetric sensor. The crystalline phases of the NPs were analyzed by XRD and XPS techniques. S/TEM images showed spheres with an 18 nm average and a needle length from 125 to 330 nm and 18 nm in diameter. The γ-/α-Fe2O3 and γ-/α-Fe2O3/ZnO were used to evaluate the catalytic activity of peroxidase with the substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), obtaining a linear range of 50 to 1000 μM for both NPs, and a 4.3 μM and 9.4 μM limit of detection (LOD), respectively. Moreover, γ-/α-Fe2O3 and γ-/α-Fe2O3/ZnO/lactate oxidase with TMB assays in the presence of lactate showed a linear range of 50 to 1000 µM, and both NPs proved to be highly selective in the presence of interferents. Finally, a sample of human serum was also tested, and the results were compared with a commercial lactometer. The use of ZnO with Fe2O3 achieved a greater response toward lactate oxidation reaction, and has implementation in a lactate colorimetric sensor using materials that are economically accessible and easy to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Escalona-Villalpando
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Karen Viveros-Palma
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | | | - José A. Rodríguez-Morales
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Arriaga
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Mexico
| | - Florika C. Macazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Janet Ledesma-García
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
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Seyrankaya A. Pressure Leaching of Copper Slag Flotation Tailings in Oxygenated Sulfuric Acid Media. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35562-35574. [PMID: 36249399 PMCID: PMC9557923 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a hydrometallurgical method for the recovery of copper, cobalt, and zinc from copper slag flotation tailings (SFT) was investigated. SFT contains large amounts of valuable metallic compounds, such as copper, cobalt, and zinc. A representative SFT sample containing 0.50% Cu, 0.148% Co, 3.93% Zn, and 39.50% Fe was used in experimental studies. High-pressure oxidative acid leaching of SFT was carried out to assess the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, oxygen partial pressure, reaction time, solid/liquid ratio, and temperature on the extraction of copper, cobalt, zinc, and iron. The dissolution of metals from the SFT sample increased with temperature and sulfuric acid concentration. However, high acid concentrations and high solid/liquid (S/L) ratios led to gel formation that caused filtration problems and inhibited metal dissolution. The optimum leaching conditions were found to be a leaching time of 90 min, an acid concentration of 250 kg/t, a temperature of 220 °C, an S/L ratio of 1:5, and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.7 MPa. Under these conditions, 93.1 ± 1.1% Cu, 96.3 ± 1.8% Co, and 92.3 ± 1.7% Zn were extracted. Iron dissolution was only 0.5 ± 0.1%. This hydrometallurgical process almost completely recovers valuable metals. In particular, cobalt, which is of great importance in the production of lithium-ion batteries, has been declared a critical metal by the United States, Canada, and the EU and was taken into solution with very high extraction efficiency (>95%). Additionally, oxygen partial pressure enhanced copper, cobalt, and zinc dissolution. When O2 was not introduced into the leaching system, the extraction efficiencies of Co, Cu, and Zn were approximately 24.5, 5.3, and 26.3%, respectively, after 2 h of leaching treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Seyrankaya
- Department of Mining Engineering,
Mineral Processing Division, Dokuz Eylul
University Engineering Faculty, Buca, Izmir 35390, TÜRKİYE
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Alfareed TM, Slimani Y, Almessiere MA, Shirsath SE, Hassan M, Nawaz M, Khan FA, Al-Suhaimi EA, Baykal A. Structure, magnetoelectric, and anticancer activities of core-shell Co0·8Mn0.2R0.02Fe1·98O4@BaTiO3 nanocomposites (R = Ce, Eu, Tb, Tm, or Gd). CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2022; 48:14640-14651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
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9
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Yao J, Li H, Li Y, Yang J, Liu B. Based on the utilization of jarosite residue: the lithium storage performance of α-Fe2O3 materials synthesized from different iron solution systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zhao Q, Peng P, Zhu P, Yang G, Sun X, Ding R, Gao P, Liu E. F-doped zinc ferrite as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-doped ZnFe2O4via a quick ice-cold KF/NH4F quenching method effectively improved the electrochemical performance of ZnFe2O4 for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Puguang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Piao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Enhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
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